Period 2 Reading
【大成目标】（目标解读及课堂组织2分钟）
理解课文；
通过自主学习和阅读方法，培养学生阅读能力；
通过学习英式英语和美式英语的不同，了解不同国家的文化背景，提高跨文化理解能力；
热爱祖国和珍惜母语并发扬光大.参加各种英语活动，克服困难,锻炼自己用英语交际的能力.为祖国的发展,民族的融合,世界人民的团结贡献自己力量；
4． 通过阅读能力的训练，提高阅读理解能力。
【使用说明】
1.指导学生认真做好课前的预习, 通过查阅网站,杂志等对比两种英语的区别；
2.注重阅读理解能力的培养；
3.建议1课时。
Step1.Lead in by asking the Ss what language is spoken in America and Britain and in what ways the British and American English are different..
Step2. Read the passage and complete the sentences with the words or phases in activity 3 on page 3.
Step3.Rewrite the sentences using British words.
1. We really like going on vacation in the fall.
Key:We like going on holiday in the autumn very much
2. You don’t need to take the elevator. Our apartment is
on the first floor.
Key:You don’t need to use the lift. Our flat is on the ground
floor.
3. Did you see that truck come out of the gas station
Key:Did you see that lorry come out of the petrol station
4. Pass me a flashlight, Eddie. I’ve lost my wallet.
Key:Pass me a torch, Eddie. I’ve lost my wallet
Step1. 阅读课文，完成下列练习
1．Read the passage and find out four ways in which British and American English are different.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Which sentence can replace the following one
A man from London may understand someone from New York，but he can meet a problem when he communicate with a Scotsman from Glasgow.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．Translate the following sentence into Chinese.
After all，there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．Find out the phrases or sentences related to the difference between British and American English and fill in the table.
British English American English
1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
4) 4)
5) 5)
6) 6)
7) 7)
Keys: 1.vocabulary，grammar，spelling and pronunciation.
2．A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
3．毕竟，两个国家各自内部的语言差异和两国之间的语言差异可能是一样多的。
4.
British English American English
1)queue up 1)stand in line
2)Have you got...？ 2)Do you have...？
3)My friend has just arrived. 3)My friend just arrived.
4)in the team 4)on the team
5)at the weekend 5)on the weekend
6)I'll see you on Monday. 6)I'll see you Monday.
7)Write to me soon！ 7)Write me soon！
Step1. 根据课文内容，用适当的单词或短语完成短文
There're four ways in which British and American English__1__ from each other.The first and most __2__ way is in the vocabulary.In grammar，there're a few __3__.The British say Have you got... __4__ Americans prefer Do you have... The British use prepositions __5__ Americans sometimes __6__ them.The other two areas in which the two __7__ differ are spelling and pronunciation.But for more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed __8__.Thanks to satellite TV and the Internet，it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the __9__ of a switch.So experts believe that the non－stop communication has __10__ for the British and Americans to understand each other.
Keys: Ⅰ.1.differ/are different 2.obvious 3.differences 4.while 5.where
6．omit 7.varieties 8.steadily 9.flick 10.made it easier
Step2.阅读理解
British and American English
One day during our vacation in England，my friend and I went to the train station to buy the tickets to Dover. As native speakers of English，we did not expect to have language problems in England.
“Two tickets to Dover，please，” I said to the ticket seller.
“Single？” the ticket seller asked me.
I thought that she was hard of hearing and I repeated my request a little louder.
“Two tickets to Dover！” I shouted.
Fortunately，a British man saved us at that moment. He explained that “a single ticket” in Great Britain does not mean “one ticket”；it means “a one－way ticket”．
My experience in England taught me that while British and American English are quite similar，there are also some noticeable differences between them.
Perhaps the most obvious difference between the two dialects is in pronunciation. British English，for example，does not use the sound / r/ which is extremely common in American English. The British use the sound / / instead. Furthermore，when the letter “t” comes between two vowels，Americans pronounce it /d/ while the British pronounce it /t/.Thus，butter is pronounced /′b t r / in the United States but /′b t / in Great Britain.In addition，some words are stressed differently in the two dialects. For instance，Americans say ′laboratory while Englishmen say la′boratory.
There are many examples of differences in vocabulary. For example，a British chemist is an American druggist，a British lift is an American elevator，and British chips are American French fries. An Englishman may ask if you want white coffee or black coffee. In contrast，an American asks you if you want your coffee or tea with milk.
There are few differences in the grammar of the two dialects，probably because grammar does not change as early as pronunciation or vocabulary. We do find some differences such as the British saying He is in hospital. while the Americans insisting on the article He is in the hospital. In addition，the British often begin a question with have.An Englishman may ask you Have you got a cigarette while an American is more likely to ask Do you have a cigarette
British spelling differs slightly from American spelling. Americans write words like honor and color without the “u” of the English honour and colour. Americans write “er” in words like center and theater but the British write “re” as in centre and theatre.Americans prefer an “s” in words like defense and offense while the British spell these words with a “c”，defence and offence. Americans use the letter “z” in words such as organize and organization；the British use “s” as in organise and organisation.
The United States and Great Britain are 3,000 miles apart.It is not surprising that they have different dialects.Perhaps we should be more surprised that there are so few differences.
1．阅读短文并用文中的例子完成下表。
British English American English
Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Grammar
Spelling
Keys:
British English American English
Pronunciation / /；butter / ′b t r /；la′boratory / r/；butter /′b t /；′laboratory
Vocabulary chemist；lift；chips；white coffee or black coffee druggist；elevator；French fries；coffee or tea with milk
Grammar in hospital；Have you got a cigarette？ in the hospital；Do you have a cigarette？
Spelling honour and colour；centre and theatre；defence and offence；organise and organisation honor and color；center and theater；defense and offense；organize and organization
2.根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。
1)The biggest difference between British and American English is definitely in pronunciation.
2)There are many differences in the grammar of British and American English.
3)Probably because grammar doesn't change as early as pronunciation or vocabulary，we can find few differences.
4)An Englishman may think that Have you got a watch is correct.
5)The author is very surprised that there are so few differences between British and American English.
Keys: 2.1)F 2)F 3)T 4)T 5)F
【课堂小结】（2分钟）
本课阅读内容的理解程度；
2. 应用了哪些阅读理解技巧？
学后反思：
基础案（10分钟）
略读和查读,自主学习，展示点评
【学习指导】
通过下划线单词的英式英语和美式英语拼写形式来改写
升华案（10分钟）
自主学习，合作探究，展示点评
巩固案（16分钟）
复习巩固课文内容，限时阅读训练
【学习指导】
通过快速查读方法，在文中迅速找到相关内容，作出判断。。Period 1 Vocabulary
【大成目标】（目标解读及课堂组织2分钟）
1. 能正确拼读本模块的重点词和短语；
2. 掌握某些重点词和短语的在句中的运用。queue,confusing,compare,omit ,remark
steadily,satellite,flick,switch etc.
get around,be similar to, lead to, refer to, thanks to,make a difference,have…in common etc.
【使用说明】
1. 通过巩固性练习,强化学生对词义的理解和运用。在这一学习过程中，学生先独立完成练习，然后小组讨论，个别学生展示，核对答案，由其他学生总结并指出错误原因；
2. 建议1课时。
Step1.学生先自已拼读本模块的单词及短语，通过学科班长纠正其发音，然后个别朗读，小组集体纠正。
Step2.根据汉语意思写出单词。
1．__________口音(n.) 2．__________比较(vt.) 3．__________评论；讲话(n.)
4．__________迅速地(adv.) 5．__________加；增加(vt.) 6．__________陈述；提出(观点、计划等)(vt.)7．__________努力；尝试(n.) 8．__________批评(vt.)
keys：1.accent 2.compare 3.remark 4.rapidly 5.add 6.present 7.attempt 8.criticise
StepIII. 根据汉语意思写出短语。
1．______________________有相同的特点2．_______________________有影响；使不相同
3．__________________四处走动(旅行)4．______________________________做某事有困难
5．__________________同意；支持6．___________________称……为……
7．_________________________与……相似 8．____________引起，导致
9．____________幸亏，多亏 10．____________消失，减弱
keys：1.have... in common 2.make a difference 3.get around 4.have difficulty (in) doing sth 5.in favour of 6.refer to... as... 7.be similar to 8.lead to
9.thanks to 10.wear off
Step1.根据汉语写出下列单词的形式：
1．__________令人困惑的；难懂的(adj.)→__________感到困惑的(adj.)→__________使……困惑(v.)
2．__________种类(n.)→__________变化，不同(v.)→__________各种各样的(adj.) 3．__________不同，有区别(vi.)→__________不同的(adj.)→__________不同；差异(n.) 4．__________移民；定居者(n.)→__________定居；殖民；解决(v.)→________殖民地(n.)
keys：1. confusing，confused，confuse 2. vary， various， variety 3.differ，different， difference 4.settler，settle，settlement
Step2.单词拼写根据所给单词的汉语注释或首字母提示，写出各句中所缺单词的正确形式
1. The teacher c _________ him because he was late for class that day.
2. It is very convenient to use the s _______ during rush hours in Beijing.
3. Early s ______ on the American continent were mostly Europeans.
4. I think we can p _______ our plan at the meeting to be held tomorrow.
5. The next e ______ of the magazine will come out at the end of July.
6. We found her idea d _______ from all the others in the team.
7. I noticed hundreds of people q _______ for tickets in front of the booking office.
8. The team failed in it’s a _______ to win the title of the season.
9. It is dark outside and you had better take a f ________ with you.
10. The girl is so c ______ that we are all fond of her.
11. To my delight, the students are making progress ________ (不断地).
12. The foreign teacher speaks ________ (标准的) English.
13. The new manager refused to ______（采用）my plan to increase production.
14. Changes in languages are studied by the __________（语言学家）.
15. This sentence is very important and should not be _____ (删除) in the paragraph.
keys：1. criticized 2. subway 3. settlers 4. present 5. edition 6. different 7. queue 8. attempt 9. flashlight 10. cute 11. steadily 12. standard 13. adopt 14. linguists 15. omitted
Step1.单词拼写根据所给单词的汉语注释或首字母提示，写出各句中所缺单词的正确形式
1.He gave us a good many s_______ at the meeting.
2.They made a wedding a _________in the local papers.
3.A c___________ of facts may be responsible for the increase in cancer.
4.His speech was so c__________ that few people could understand it.
5.Chinese is one of the world`s ______________（有特色的）language.
6.He has a v__________(词汇)of about 4000words.
7.There are many v_________ of English in the world.
8.From his a________ ,its o______（明显）_that he is from Guangdong
Keys:1.suggestions 2.announcement 3.combination 4.confusing 5.distinctive 6.vocabulary
7. varieties 8.accent ,obvious
Step2. 用括号里所给的词或短语翻译句子：(C级)
1.让我感到惊讶的是，他能用另一种方法解出这道题目。（in…way） .
2.多亏了李老师，我在英语方面取得了很大进步。（thanks to ）
3.他的计划在会议上引起了热烈的讨论。（lead to）
4.我相信我们按时完成任务没有困难。（have difficulty in doing…）
5.当你等汽车的时候，你要站队等候。（queue up）
6.昨天非常炎热而今天有些凉爽。 （…while…）
7.你对这个问题的答复和他的相似。（be similar to）
8.除了外表之外，这两兄弟几乎没有什么共同点。（have…in common）
Keys:
1. To my surprise, he can work out this problem in another way.
2. Thanks to Mr. / Miss. Li, I have made great progress in English.
3. His plan led to a heated discussion at the meeting.
4. I believe we have no difficulty finishing our task on time.
5. When you wait for the bus, you should queue up.
6. It was very hot yesterday while it is a bit cool today.
7. Your reply to this problem is similar to his.
8. The two brothers have nothing in common except their appearance.
课堂小结：（2分钟）
本次课堂你学到什么？
词汇学习过程中应注意的问题是什么？
学后反思：
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
基础案（10分钟）
自主学习，合作探究，展示，点评。
【自主学习指导】
拼读过程中，应注意字母及字母组合的读音规则。
升华案（11分钟）
自主学习，合作探究，展示，点评。
【自主学习指导】
解题思路点拨：通过构词法及查字典
【解题指导】
根据该词在句中所充当的成分来判断其正确形式
巩固案（15分钟）
自主学习，限时训练，当堂点评
【学习指导】
根据该词在句中所充当的成分来判断其正确形式
温馨提示：
模仿课本中包含所给的词或短语的例句，其正确形式造句Period 3 Cultural Corner
【大成目标】（目标解读及课堂组织1分钟）
1、了解美式英语形成的原因，并同汉语进行对照；（重点）
2、通过快速阅读，不断培养学生阅读能力；通过问题探讨，培养学生综合语言表述能力（难点）
3、参加各种英语活动，克服困难,锻炼自己用英语交际的能力.为祖国的发展,民族的融合,世界人民的团结贡献自己力量，热爱祖国和珍惜母语并将其发扬光大。
【使用说明】
指导学生认真做好小组课前预习，内容为讨论简化汉字是否是适应社会发展的一种进步。
学生可通过上网等方式获取与文章相关的资料。
建议一课时。
Step1.Ask the students to go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.
Step2 .Demonstration and discussion about whether the work of simplifying Chinese is progress in the development of society.
Step 3.Lead in saying“We have learnt the differences between British English and American English .Have you master them . Do you know other things about English ”
Step 4.Get the students to read through the passage and answer the questions:
What reasons did Websster have for writing an American dictionary
Key:He wanted to simplify the spelling of English and make it look different from British English.
Can you see any similarities between Webster`s work and attempts to simplify Chinese
Key:The work of simplifying Chinese has made it convenient for people to read, understand and use the Chinese language. So has Webster’s work for American people.
Step 1. Get the groups of students to read the passage again and then blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.
Keys:
The Man Who Made Spelling Simple
In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound．So people say /rait/ but spell it right, or write, or even binations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters.
For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look.
So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested simplifying the spelling of English words．The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.
Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island/ or the final e in examine, were not.
Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English Language, which first appeared in 1828．It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Webster's dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.
Step 2.英汉词、短语互译：
1. represent v. ____________ 2. combination n. ________________
3. distinctive adj. _________________ 4. adopt v. ___________(adapt v. )
5. criticise v. __________________ 6. 大量的 ___________________
7. 幸亏 ____________ 8. 从……毕业 _______________
9. 与……作斗争 _____________ 10. 参考书 __________________
Keys: 1. 呈现 2. 结合 3. 与众不同的 4. 采纳，收养（适应） 5. 批评 6. a number of
7. thanks to 8. graduate from 9. fight against 10. reference book
Step 1.单项填空。小组合作探究并点评。
1. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process(过程) ______it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.
A. until B. but C. unless D. for
2. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ______ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A. because B. through C. unless D. if
3. ______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
4. _______ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.
A. For B. Even C. Since D. However
5. ________ you have seen both fighters, _______ will win
A. Since; you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; who ever D. Since; who do you think
Keys: D A A C D
Step 2.阅读理解限时训练（10分钟）。要求自主完成，小组内互批，教师点评。
Beijing has started a campaign（运动）to get rid of “Chinglish”（Chinese English）. The “Language mandarins” of Beijing have decided that Chinglish is a disease for the city and must be obliterated before it hosts the Olympic Games in 2008.
A road sign on the Avenue of Eternal peace（Chang”an Street）, for example, advises: “To Take Notice of Safe; The Slippery Are Very Crafty”, a warning that the sidewalk was slippery（滑的）(Watch your step. Slippery sidewalk). Another sign in a Beijing park reads: “Little grass is smiling slightly, please walk on sidewalk.” (Please don”t walk on the grass.)
Li Honghai, the city official in charge of the campaign, said, “Linguistic（语言的）perfection is becoming increasingly important with the rise in the number of the foreigners flowing into the city.”
However, not everyone shares the disdain（蔑视）of the Beijing government for the mixed language. “The choice of words is pretty much. One can either choose the verbs, adverbs, nouns or whatever one likes,” explained one Hong Kong linguist on an Internet website.
So many examples exist that several Internet sites have been set up to collect Chinglish phrases. Many come from English instructions on packages such as a candle marked with “Keep this candle out of children” and model boat – curiously named Posh Sailboat – which says, “Please don”t play it in dusty place.”
If the campaign against Chinglish is successful, Chinese will also turn their attention to the English – language versions of newspapers, which play an even more important role in teaching right English.
1．The underlined word “obliterated” in the first paragraph probably means “ _____” .
A．removed B．changed C．translated D．beautified
2.．From the passage we know that .
A．Li Honghai is a famous linguist
B．all the people don”t share the disdain for the mixed language
C．Chinglish usually communicated in many cases
D．several Internet sites have been set up to clear the Chinglish phrases
3．We can infer that the newspapers of English should ________.
A．collect more chinglish phrases
B．report the campaign above
C．keep from the use of Chinglish phrases
D．do their duties to correct the Chinglish phrases
4．Which of the following signs is Chinglish
A．Mind your head. B．Keep off the grass, please.
C．No smoking, please. D．Tourists do not enter.
Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D
附：课外阅读材料
Reading more about spelling in English
Spell It in English
English spelling is confusing and chaotic, as any student of English knows all too well. “How can the letters ough spell so many different sounding words,” they ask, “like dough, bough, rough, and through ” And what about a word like colonel that clearly contain no r, yet pretends it does, and ache with its k sound, instead of the chuh sound of arch And why does four have a u while forty doesn’t There are no simple rules for English spelling, but there is an explanation behind its complexity. We have only to look back in history.
Over the centuries, the English language has been like a magnet, attracting words from numerous other languages. It all started with the Britons, an ancient people living in a part of western Europe that eventually became the British Isles. They spoke a language called Celtic, which was a combination of the early forms of Irish, Scottish, and Welsh. When the Britons were conquered by the Romans and later the Germanic tribes, their language was also invaded. The merging of the languages gave birth to Old English, and a Latin alphabet replaced, with a few exceptions, the ancient Germanic alphabet. In the ninth century, the conquering Norsemen from Scandinavia added their pinch of language spice, as did the French in the eleventh century.
By the fourteenth century, English, with its mix of at least five languages, had evolved into what is called Middle English and had become Britain’s official language. At that time, however, its spelling were far from consistent or rational. Many dialects had developed over the centuries and sometimes people adopted the spelling used in one part of the country and the pronunciation used in another. For instance, today we use the western English spellings for busy and bury, but give the first the London pronunciation bizzy and the second the Kentish (肯特语的) pronunciation berry. Of course, this all happened when English was primarily a spoken language, and only scholars knew how to read and write. Even they appear to have been quite indifferent to matters if consistency in spelling, and were known to spell the same word several different ways in a single sentence.
Even after William Caxton set up England’s first printing press in the late fifteenth century, and the written word became available to everyone, standard spelling wasn’t considered very important. As a matter of fact, the typesetters (排字工人) in the 1500s made things even worse by being very careless about spelling. If a blank space needed to be filled or a line was too long, they simply changed the spellings of words to make them fit. Moreover, many of the early printers in England were from Germany or Holland and didn’t know English very well. If they didn’t know the spelling of a word, they made up one! Different printers each had their favorite spellings, so that one word might be spelled five or six different ways, depending on who printed the passage.
Throughout this period, names and words appear in many different forms. For instance, where can be wher, whair, wair, wheare, were, and so on. People were even very liberal about their names. More than eighty spellings of Shakespeare’s name have been found, among them Shagspeare, Shakspeare, and even Shakestaffe. Shakespeare himself didn’t spell his name the same way in any two of his six known signatures — he even spelled his name two different ways in his will.
By the late sixteenth century and early seventeenth century, some progress had been made in standardizing spelling due to the work of various scholars. By then, however, English spelling was far from a simple phonetic system (语音系统). For one thing, word pronunciations had changed too rapidly for a truly phonetic spelling to keep up. Also, English had borrowed from many languages and ended up having far too many sounds (more than forty) for the twenty-six letters in its Roman alphabet. By the time printing houses finally began to agree on standard spellings, many of these written forms were only a shadow of their spoken selves. In other words, spelling and pronunciation sometimes had little in common.
Finally in 1775, Samuel Johnson gave English its first great dictionary. His choice of spelling may not have always been the best or the easiest, but the book helped to make spellings of most English words uniform. Eventually, people became aware of the need for “correct” spelling. Meanwhile, on the other side of the Atlantic, Noah Webster was standardizing American English in his American Dictionary of the English Language and American Spelling Book. Although the British had been complaining about the messiness of English spelling for some time, it was the American who screamed the loudest. Webster not only favored a simplified, more phonetic spelling system, but also tried to persuade Congress to pass a law making the use of nonstandard spelling a punishable offense.
In 1906, the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie gave $250,000 to help establish the Simplified Spelling Board. The board quickly issued a list of 300 words commonly spelled two ways, such as ax and axe, and called for the simpler of the two. The board helped to gain acceptance for quite a few American spellings, including catalog, dialog, and program.
The call for simplified spelling quickly went out of fashion, particularly with the onset of World War I and the death of Andrew Carnegie. The movement never died out completely, however. Spelling reform continued to be an ongoing, if less dramatic, process, as it had been for centuries. Without the benefit of large donations or outside agencies, many words have shed useless letters. Deposite has lost its e, as has fossile. Musick and physick have dropped their needless k’s.
As long as the world goes around, language will continue to change. New words will be added; spellings will be altered. But because people are most comfortable with the familiar, it’s not likely we’ll ever see a major change in the way most words are spelled. Anyway, what could we do without the challenge of English spelling
st in China and what jobs will become less
【课堂小结】（2分钟）
1. 是否掌握本节课课文主旨大意？
2. 还存在些什么问题？
3. 本节课的收获。
基础案（课中10分钟）
小组讨论学习，展示点评
升华案（15分钟）
小组讨论，展示点评
巩固案（15分钟）
自主学习,小组合作探究，
第5题解题指导：
because表示直接原因，回答why的提问，在强调结构中只能由because引导从句；since/now that侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由；as主从并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果；for表示推断，是一种补充说明，不可放于句首。Period 5 Grammar
【大成目标】（目标解读及课堂组织2分钟）
1. 理解掌握一般现在时、现在进行时及现在完成时的用法；
2. 掌握一般现在时、现在进行时及现在完成时的区别（难点）。
【使用说明】
1.在整个学习过程中，主要通过个人学习，小组讨论的方式进行；
2.通过练习巩固所学语法；
3.建议1课时
Step1. 小组讨论展示所学过的一般现在时的用法。
Step2.教师讲评
一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。构成一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s。（一般的动词词尾+s。以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母+y结尾的把y变成i，+es。辅音字母+o结尾的+es.）
Step1. 小组总结，教师总结归纳
1) 一般现在时表经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语always, usually, every morning /night/evening/day/week, ,often, sometimes, from time to time, twice a week ,seldom, never.
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
⑴The earth moves around the sun. ⑵Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
【合作探究】
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
5).表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。
He starts next week. 他下个星期出发。
We leave very soon. 我们很快就离开。
The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning. 火车将在早上10点开出。
这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，begin开始，arrive到达，take off起飞，等。
一般现在时表将来的用法
1）：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等动词的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus start It starts in ten minutes.
2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, make sure that等后。
⑴ I hope they have a nice time next week.
⑵ Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
Step3.用动词的适当形式填空
1.He ________ (write) to his parents once a month by e－mail.
key：writes
2.The job ________ (call) for great patience.
key：calls
3.In time of danger one's mind ________ (work) fast.
key：works
4. They ________ (fly) to Beijing in three days.
key：will fly
5. We ________ (have) an English lesson now.
key：are having
6. The workers ________ (build) a new factory.
key：are building
7. My uncle ________(come) back from abroad.
key：is coming
8.He ________ constantly ________ (leave) things about.
key：is, leaving
9.China ________ already ________ (make) great progress in science and technology.
key：has, made
10.All of you ________ (hear) of this many times.
key：have heard
Step1. 单项填空
1. Shanghai ______ on the Huangpu River.
A. stand B. stands C. is being stand D. has stood
2. —This letter is in Japanese, and I don’t speak a word of Japanese. Can you help me
—Sure. I ______ it for you.
A. translate B. have translated
C. am translating D. will translate
3. Don’t disturb him. He ______ to the weather forecast.
A. listens B. is being listened C. has listened D. is listening
4. He will ask her for the book now, for she ____ plenty of time to read since he lent it to her.
A. has B. has had C. had had D. was having
5. Don’t disturb him. He ______ to the weather forecast.
A. listens B. is being listened C. has listened D. is listening
6. “______ your best It’s not satisfactory. I’m afraid you will have to do it again.”
A. Do you try B. Have you tried C. Are you trying D. Have you been trying
7. Chinese married couples _____ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year.
A. give B. have been giving C. are giving D. have given
8. —What shall we do if it ______ tomorrow
—We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready .
A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining
9. This is the first time the students ______ in Hyde Park.
A. have gone B. had been C. have been D. are being
10. She ______ her mother’s work now.
A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done
11. I ______ the incident as if it were yesterday.
A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering
C. am being still remembered D. still remember
12.I ______ swimming in the river.
A. am liking B. am being liked C. like D. have liked
13. We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents ______ since last winter.
A occur B. have occurred C. have been occurring D. are occurring
14. He _____ on this essay for twenty minutes but he _____ only a hundred words.
A. has been working/has written B. is working/writes
C. has worked/has been writing D. works/is writing
15. Elections _______ every four years and Congress meets once a year.
A. are taken place B. are to be taken place C. took place D. take place
16. ______ careless, or you will make mistakes.
A. Be not B. Not be C. Don’t D. Don’t be
17. The No.8 bus ______ to Chengdu college of Geology, and not to Sichuan University.
A. are gone B. is being gone C. goes D. are going
18. Oil, exported from Iran to Europe, _____ by tankers. (C级)
A. used to be transported B. used to being transported
C. was used to be transported D. was used to being transported
19. If it ______,the match will be postponed.
A. has been rained B. does rain C. rains D. is rained
20. As soon as I ______ the tools, I shall begin with the work.
A. have B. am having C. have been having D. have been had
keys：1-5 BDDBD 6-10 BABCA 11-15DCBAD 16-20 DCBCA
Step2. 分级单选训练
1. We all know that great changes _____ in the last twenty years in our home town. （A级）
A. took place B. have taken place
C. were taking place D. have been taken place
2. —This letter is in Japanese, and I don’t speak a word of Japanese. Can you help me （A级）
—Sure. I ______ it for you.
A. translate B. have translated
C. am translating D. will translate
3. Mr. Lin _____ when I go to see him on Sundays. （A级）
A. is always working B. was always working
C. always worked D. has always worked
4. He will ask her for the book now, for she ____ plenty of time to read since he lent it to her. （A级）
A. has B. has had C. had had D. was having
5. —Are you still busy （A级）
—Yes, I _________ my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B.am just finishing
C. have just finished D.am just going to finish
6. —What shall you do if it ______ tomorrow
—We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready . （B级）
A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining
7. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German. （B级） A. have B. did C. had D. do
8. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992. （C级）
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
9. Scientists think that the continents __________ always where they _________ today. （B级） A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
10. —Is this handbag yours （B级）
—No, mine _____ there behind the door.
A. hangs B. is hanging C. has hung D. is hanged
11. We ______ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion. (C级)
A. are being worked B. are working
C. have been working D. have been worked
12. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German. （C级） A. have B. did C. had D. do
13. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992. （C级）
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
14. Scientists think that the continents __________ always where they _________ today. （C级）
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
15. —Is this handbag yours （C级）
—No, mine _____ there behind the door.
A. hangs B. is hanging C. has hung D. is hanged
keys：1-5 BDABB 6-10 BDBCB11-15CDBCB
【课堂小结】（2分钟）
1. 一般现在时,现在进行时及现在完成时在语境中的应用。
学后反思：
_____________________________________________________________________
基础案（10分钟）
复习导入，学习讨论，教师讲点评
升华案（10分钟）
合作探究，总结归纳，训练巩固
合作探究，
【学习指导】
此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时
【学习指导】
一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 而now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。
温馨提示：
做题过程中，先判断动词在语境中的时态，然后写出其正确形式。
巩固案（16分钟）
限时强化训练,教师评讲
温馨提示：做题过程中，注意时态在语境中的应用。
温馨提示：1-5题为A级目标题；5-10题为B级目标题；11-15题为C级目标题。
做题过程中，注时态在语境中的应用。Period 4 Language points
【大成目标】（目标解读及课堂组织2分钟）
1．通过自主学习，掌握基础案中涉及的重点短语和重点词的用法；（重点）
2．通过翻译法，观察思考，分析、归纳和总结升华案中重点词的用法和句子结构，掌握它们在句子中的运用；（难点）
3．语言点夯实训练，巩固本导学案中涉及的语言知识。
【使用说明】
1．课前阅读两篇阅读文章，自主学习完成基础案；
2．用双色笔圈点重难点；
3．学生课前思考并完成相关练习，课中采用生生互动，师生互动的方法，探讨并解决存在的问题；
4． 建议1课时。
Step1.根据汉语意思写出单词。
1．__________口音(n.) 2．__________比较(vt.) 3．__________评论；讲话(n.)
4．__________迅速地(adv.) 5．__________加；增加(vt.) 6．__________陈述；提出(观点、计划等)(vt.)7．__________努力；尝试(n.) 8．__________批评(vt.)
答案：
1.accent 2.compare 3.remark 4.rapidly 5.add 6.present 7.attempt 8.criticise
Step2. 根据汉语意思写出短语。
1．______________________有相同的特点2．_______________________有影响；使不相同
3．__________________四处走动(旅行)4．______________________________做某事有困难
5．__________________同意；支持6．___________________称……为……
7．_________________________与……相似 8．____________引起，导致
9．____________幸亏，多亏 10．____________消失，减弱
答案：
1.have... in common 2.make a difference 3.get around 4.have difficulty (in) doing sth 5.in favour of 6.refer to... as... 7.be similar to 8.lead to
9.thanks to 10.wear off
Step3.同义句句型转换
1. It was very easy for me to make myself understood.
I ___________ in making myself understood.
2. Tom is very good at writing. His brother is very good at speaking.
Tom is very good at writing_________ his brother is very good at speaking
3. European football is played in 80 countries. The fact makes it become the most popular sports in the world.
European football is played in 80 countries, ___________it become the most popular sports in the world.
4. Many people living in cities would like to live in the country more.
Many people living in cities would actually _________ live in the country.
5. No matter where they are, it is possible for them to keep in touch with each other.
It is possible for them to keep in touch with each other—________.
答案：
1. had no difficulty 2. while 3. making 4. prefer to 5. wherever they are
Step1. 语言点讲解
1. British English and American English are different in many ways.
be different in 在…方面不同
2. The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.
differ in在…方面存在不同
3.compare v．比较，与……相比
Eg.If you compare cities with villages, you'll find many differences.
比较练习
compare…with…把…和…进行比较
compare…to… 把…比作…
compared…to/ with 与…相比（固定搭配，常作状语）
comparison n．比较，对比
in comparison with与……相比
by comparison比较起来，较之(多用于句首)
1）Life is often __________________ voyage.
2)____________________ the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
3）He began to _____________ himself with the workers in his workshop.
答案：
pared to 2).ompared to / with pare
4．attempt n．企图；试图；尝试 vt.试图；企图
Eg.He is a green hand, but has attempted a difficult task.
attempt sth.尝试某事
attempt to do/doing sth.
make an attempt to do sth.尝试(试图)做某事
make an attempt at doing sth.
make an attempt on/upon sb./sb. 's life企图谋杀某人
at one's first attempt第一次尝试
辨析拓展：try是普通用词，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价；后接不定式表示“努力做某事”，后接动名词表示“尝试着做”。
attempt常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的。后接不定式与动名词时意义相同。
attempted adj.未遂的，意图的
5．add v．增加；添加；补充说
Eg.She added some sugar to her coffee.
add...to...在……中加上……
add to增加，加强
add up加起来
add up to总计，总共有
in addition另外
in addition to除……之外
...added to/plus...is...几加几等于几
活学巧练：
1)Six_____________(相加)three is/makes nine.
2)The bad weather only______________(增加)our difficulties.
3)_____________(加起来)all the money I owe you.
4)These numbers 100.
答案：1).added to 2).added to 3).Add up
4).add_up_to_/come to/amount to
Step2. 当堂练习，用下列短语填空：
compare with lead to In favour of belong to
refer to… as … add to be similar to have difficulty in
in common with make a difference
1. The students who like reading are _______ the programme.
2. The two kinds of old folk music have much _______ rock and light music.
3. We don’t think that it ________ whether you love the performance or not.
4. The manager’s being ill yesterday _____ our difficulty in completing the project in time.
5.—Do you _________ understanding the English news
—Yes. I find it hard to follow.
6. Lily does very well in her studies. No one in our class can ______ her, especially in maths and English.
7. The discovery was ________ a major breakthrough in medical science.
8. What is known to us all is that America is a developed country ______ the First World.
9. Eating too much sugar can ______ health problems.
10. My teaching style _____ those of most other teachers.
答案：
1. in favour of 2. in common with 3. make a difference 4. added to 5. have difficulty in
6. be compared with 7. referred to as 8. belonging to 9. lead to 10. is similar to
Step1.根据句意，用所给短语的适当形式填空
differ from compare...to... refer to...as... add to lead sb. to do have...in common get around a variety of make an announcement queue up
1．The dictionaries are quite different. That is, they ________ each other in many aspects.
答案：differ from
2．There are______________ animals in the zoo, and children like to come here.
答案：a variety of
3．The good news that our football team has won
________________quickly in our school.
答案：got around
4．The passengers in the station________ to buy tickets.
答案：queued up
5．What________ you________ make such a foolish mistake
答案：led...to
6.Thisinvention________hardlyanything________ with that one.
答案：has...in common
7．Please keep quiet. I'd like to________ about the holiday.
答案：make an announcement
8．Our maths teacher________ Mary________ one of the best students in our class.
答案：refers to...as
9．I'm very sorry to________ your trouble.
答案：add to
10.ChairmanMao________ the youngpeople ________the rising sun in the morning.
答案：compared...to
Step2.单项填空
1．Millions of people have to spend more time and energy studying new skills so that they can keep a(an)________position in the job market.
A．convenient B．favorite C．advanced D．favorable
解析：句意：数以百计的人们不得不花费更多的时间和精力学习新技能，以便在人才市场上占优势。该题考查形容词词义辨析：convenient“方便的”；favorite“最爱的”；advanced“先进的，高级的”；favorable“有利的，占优势的”，可见答案D最合题意。
答案：D
2．She________her views to the commitee very clearly.
A．preserved B．presented C．provided D．supplied
解析：句意：“她已清清楚楚地向委员会表达了自己的观点。”考查词义辨析：provide/supply sth.for/to sb.“提供……，”preserve sth.是“保养，维护”，可见答案B最合语境。
答案：B
3．—________the Christmas card________to Mr White
—No.It’s still on the desk.
A．Has；given B．Was；given C．Has；been given D．Will；be given
解析：根据答句的时态，东西到目前还在原处，确定问话者问的是现在的情况，强调现在，应为现在完成时。
答案：C
4．________her mother，she is tall.
A．Compared to B．Comparing with C．Compare to D．Comparison with
解析：compared to/with“和……相比”；in comparison with“与……相比”。
答案：A
5．I hate________when people talk with their mouths full.(C级)
A．it B．that C．these D．them
解析：句意：“我讨厌人们吃着东西说话。”考查it用于like/love/prefer/appreciate等动词后，代替后边所跟从句，故答案是A。
答案：A
6．We’ll________without that much money somehow.
A．get up B．get along C．get away D．get back
解析：get long意为“过活”，get up“起床，起来”，get away“离开”，get back“回来，归来”，均不合题意。
答案：B
7．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ________it.
A．in honour of B．in memory of C．in favour of D．in search of
解析：句意为：我姐姐反对我的提议而我弟弟支持。in honour of表示“向……表示敬意”，不妥。in memory of意思是“纪念……”，与题意不符。(be)in favour of意为“赞 成”，且与前边be against构成反义词组，正确。in search of意为“寻找……，寻求……”，意思不符。
答案：C
8．The way he did it was different________we were used to. (C级)
A．in which B．in what C．from what D．from which
解析：本题考查different与介词的搭配以及what引导的宾语从句。根据句意：他做这事的方式和我们已习惯的方式不同。根据短语different from“区别于，与……不同”可排除A、B两项。from后是一个what引导的宾语从句，且what在宾语从句中作介词to的宾语，而which不能充当这双重的功能，故排除D。
答案：C
9.—Has Mary come back yet
—Yes. She has got many books from her elder schoolmates, which ________ 1,000.
A. add up B. add up to C. add to D. add
解析：句意为她从以前的校友那里获得了很多书，加起来有1000本了。
答案：B
Step3.翻译句子
1．由于你的帮忙，我们按时完成了任务。(thanks to)
答案：Thanks to your help , we finished the task on time.
2．他花费了两个月的时间周游世界。(get around)
答案： He spent 2 months (in) getting around the world.
3．刘亦菲的到来增加了我们的快乐。(add to)
答案：Liu Yifei's coming added to our pleasure.
4．要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好的多。(compare)
答案：If you compare her work with his，you’ll find hers is much better.
5．我们在那个问题上跟他们的意见不同。(differ)
答案：We differ from/with them on/about that question.
6. (C级)赞成这项计划者，请举手。(in favour of)
答案：Those in favour of the plan，please raise your hands.
基础案（10分钟）
课前自主学习，课中展示点评
升华案（13分钟）
教师讲解，小组合作探究、点评
【温馨提示】
attempt为可数名词，故其前不要漏掉不定冠词
【自主学习指导】
add_up_to_可以换成come to或者amount to
巩固案（13分钟）
小组合作、探究，展示点评
【学习指导】
类似短语还有：regard...as;consider ...as;
take...as; look on...as; think of...as;
而refer to意为：参考；查询；涉及；提到
【学习指导】
make sure表示”务必，确保”，后接句子。
【学习指导】
Aadd up加起来；B.add up to合计，总计。C.add to为增加，增添。D.add 加
