牛津版八年级英语上册Unit 1 Encyclopaedias词汇知识梳理（无答案）

Part 1 Text and Words
Look it up!
Here are two articles from an encyclopedia.
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human begins. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.
Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils.
单词：
encyclopedia n. [ n sa kl pid ] 百科全书 human adj [ hjum n] 人的
dinosaur n. ['da n s ] 恐龙 Italian n. [ 't lj n] 意大利人
inventor n. [ n vent (r)] 发明家 musician n. [mju z n] 音乐家
scientist n. [ sa nt st] 科学家；科学工作者 born v. [b :rn] 出生；诞生；
countryside n. [ k ntri sa d] 乡村\农村郊野 intelligence n. [ n t l d ns] 智力；聪颖；
artistic adj [ɑr t st k] 艺术的；有美感的 ability n. [ b l ti] 能力，才能
perhaps adv. [p h ps] 或许；可能，大概 invention n. [ n v n n] 发明
notebook n. [ not b k] 笔记本 include v [ n klud] 包括；包含；计入；
even adv. [ iv n] 甚至 however adv. [ha ev ] 无论如何；然而；
fossil n. [ fɑs l] 化石 dollar n [ dɑl ] 美元
短语：
listen to 听 learn about 了解到 talk about 谈论
be born 出生 in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 human being 人
for example 例如 die out 灭绝，消失 at the end of 在...的末尾
more than 多于 used to do 过去常常 know about 知道关于...的情
be famous for 因.....而出名 one day 有一天 so much 如此多
find out 了解到，弄清 by the window 在窗户旁边 be interested in 对....感兴趣
next to 挨着 be sure 确信 go for a walk 去散步
do with 处理 a number of 许多，大量 since then 自从那时
be made up of 由...组成， connect....to 把...和...连接起来 look up 向上看、 查阅
【词汇训练】
一、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.I was _______(出生） in a small village.
2.I'm planning to spend some time in the beautiful __________(乡村).I love nature.
3.He has the ________(能力）to be the manager .
4.________(也许）I'll see him tomorrow,but I’m not sure.
5.I think the most helpful (发明) is the light bulb.
6._________(甚至） a child can understand it.
7.My house is small .It's very comfortable,_______(然而）.
8._______(突然）there was a loud noise .
9.I opened the the door ,but I could see___________(无人）.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
10.The Chinese __________(inventor) the compass(指南针）.
11.She likes listening to __________(musician).
12.My favorite subject is _________(scientist)
13.You'll find the plan ___________(include) most of your suggestions.
14.Their daughter is very ______________(intelligence)
三、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.我们学校有三千多名学生。
There are _______ ______ three thousand students in our school.
2.关于中国文学你了解多少？
How much do you ______ ______ the Chinese literature.
3.例如，约翰就有相同的观点。
______ ________,John has the same opinion.
4.如果你不认识这个单词，可以在字典中查找它。
If you don't know this world ,you can _______ _________ _________in the dictionary.
5.地球上有上百万种生物。
There are millions of living things _________ __________.
6.我们学校有许多花，一些是红的，另一些是黄的。
There are many flowers in our school; ____are red; ________are yellow.
7.他和哥哥一样高。
He is ______ _______ __________his brother.
8.我希望有一天能参观夏威夷。
I hope to visit Hawaii __________ ___________.
四、单项选择题。
（ ）1 All my cousins ______ in Foshan.
A. born B. is born C. was born D. were born
（ ）2 He was a great ______ because he had so many inventions.
A. inventor B. soldier C. musician D. painter
（ ）3 The air in ______ countryside is so fresh.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）4 Lily is only five years old. ______, she can sing and dance very well.
A. But B. However C. So D. Because
（ ）5 Sam is the best student in his class. ______ else does better than him.
A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Anybody .
教材核心词汇知识链接及典型例题
1.inventor, musician, scientist (Noun.)
原文呈现：Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
课堂小测：
(1).他是一位有名的发明家。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2).几年前他是一个音乐家。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3)这位科学家工作非常刻苦。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.intelligence (Noun.)
原文呈现：From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.
课堂小测：
(1)这不是一个智商测验。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2)他有着很高的智商。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.artistic (adj.)
原文呈现：From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.
(1) This painting has showed her ________ability.
扩展：
art：艺术； artist:艺术家；
用以上词的正确形式填空：
(1):Painting is a kind of__________. (2)His father is an ___________.
4.perhaps (adv.)
原文呈现：His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world.
也许你是对的。
_______________________________________________________________________________
他也许会帮助你。
_______________________________________________________________________________
扩展：maybe; perhaps; possible; probably辨析
这四个词都表示可能，但可能性大小不一样，顺序如下：
maybe 常用于口语，语气最轻。
perhaps 不大可能的意思。
possible 可能性较大。
probably 可能性最大，很可能，大概。
5.invention (noun.)
原文呈现：He also had many inventions.
课堂小测：
我想要发明一辆无污染的汽车。
_______________________________________________________________________________
你喜欢我的发明吗？
_______________________________________________________________________________
谁是世界上最伟大的发明家？
_______________________________________________________________________________
计算机是一种现代发明。
_______________________________________________________________________________
However (adv.)
原文呈现：However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
扩展：
but(conj.)然而；可放在句首和句中（可用逗号也可以不用逗号隔开），不可以放到句末。
however:（adv.）无论如何，然而；可以放在句中（前后需要用逗号隔开）或者句末（前面需要用逗号隔开）。
课堂小测：
请在下面句子中填写正确的词。
I’d like to go with you, ________, I am so busy at the moment.
He worked very hard, ________he did not pass the exam.
It’s raining hard, ________I think I should go now..
He promised to come; he did not appear, ________ .
7.Suddenly (adv.)
原文呈现：Then, suddenly, the all die out.
扩展：
All of a sudden(adv.):突然地，等同于Suddenly，可以互换。
课堂小测：
突然，一只狗跑了出来。
______________________________________________
这位老人死的非常突然。
______________________________________________
8.Die out (Phrasal Verb.)
原文呈现：Then, suddenly, the all die out.
扩展：
Die for:渴望，为了….而死；
Die from:因…而死，主要指事故等方面的外部原因导致死亡。
Die of: 因….而死，死于疾病、衰老等自身的原因；若死因是环境影响到体内,即内外两方面共有的原因导致,则of, from都可以用。
Die off:相继死去；
课堂小测：
用以上正确的介词进行填空。
He died________ his beliefs.
I feel so thirsty. And I am dying_________ a cup of water.
Tom died__________ a car accident.
His mother died _________ illness.
The family died __________ a hunger.(of, from都可以)
教材核心句式知识链接及典型例题
原文呈现：
1.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Others were as big as ten elephants
some……others……一些....另一些，需要与词组some...the others....区分。
Some....others....指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。
Some....the others....指除去一部分之后剩余的全部。
课堂小测：
In summer camp, are playing basketball, are playing volleyball.
The toys are of two shapes. ___________ are squares. _____________ are circles.
玛丽的书包里有许多书。一些是中文书，其余的全是英语书。
_______________________________________________________________________________
原文呈现：
2. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.
as......as...... 与...一样...
是比较状语从句的一种句型，中间必须用形容词或副词的原型。否定句式为：
not as(so)....as..... 不如......
课堂小测：
Paul sent this book to me as___________ (quick) as possible.
This girl is as_____________(small) as a cat.
3. --Maling's Chinese isn't so _______ as Wangming's.
－I know them very much. But now Maling studies ______than Wangming does.
good; harder B. good;hard C.better;harder D. better;better
我和爸爸一样高。
_______________________________________________________________________________
扩展：
as soon/quickly as possible- 尽快
as much as possible- 尽可能多
as+名词+as+名词：如同….一样 as+副词+as possible:尽可能.....地；
一．单项选择
1.As the lights in the room went out, it was very dark and ___________could be seen clearly.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
2. Scientists are trying to _____ the secrets of the sea.
A. find out B. put out C. die out D. go out
3. Edison was a great ______ and he had many _________.
A. inventor; inventors B. invention; inventions
C. inventor; inventions D. invention; inventors
4. Here is _____ information about dinosaurs.
A. many B. any C. an D. some
5. Listen! _____ is coming near. It may be Li Hua.
A. Anyone B. Someone C. Everyone D. No one
6. Don’t go into the study. Dad is writing ______ there. (2018年重庆中考)
A. important nothing B. nothing important
C. important something D. something important
7. This kind of dinosaur is as _______ as a chicken.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. much smaller
8. ________ people like going shopping while ________ people like staying at home.
A. Some, others B. Some, other C. Some, the others D. Some, the other
9. If you have ________ trouble, please let me know.
A. some B. every C. no D. any
10. —Jerry has the ability to make new friends.
—What a smart boy!
A. is good at making B. is interested in making C. is able to make D is wise to make
11. —Are there dinosaurs in the world now —No. They died out many years ago.
A. disappeared B. remained C. died of D. died from
12. —How many students are there in your class
—There are more than fifty students in our class.
A. less than B. over C. only D. more
13. —We can learn about Indian history from these books.
—I really can't agree more.
A. teach students B. think about C. get information about D. learn from
14. After ________ shopping, Judy went home with ________.
A. four hour’s; happy B. four hours; happiness
C. four-hour; happiness D. four hours; happy
15.The football team played well. But they didn’t ________ the match.
A. score B. do C. succeed D. win
二、根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词
1 Mary is a girl of high i
2 The system has the a to run more than one program at the same time.
3 Their i have contributed to(对…有贡献) the development of science
4.A s usually teaches or does research in science.
5 The boss has raised my salary to 1000 d a month.
6 Some birds, such as parrots, can imitate h voice.
7 I i eggs on the list of things to buy.
三、根据句子意思,用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1 He must be (ability)to speak French for his new job.
2 His son wants to become a great (invent)in the future.
3 This art school encourages students to be sensitive and (art).
4.Even excellent (music) need constant practice.
5 Steve Job's (suddenly) death made his fans quite sad.
6 The (Italy)were the first to start making fireworks in Europe.
7 Each (win) of the English speaking competition will get a copy of a Modern English Grammar.
四．根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1. 在这节课的最后，老师给我们讲了一个故事。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ the class, the teacher told a story to us.
2. 你以为你能爬上那座山吗？
Do you think you can___________ ___________ that mountain
3. 你愿意晚饭后去散步吗？
Would you like to___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ after dinner
4. 电脑不懂人类的感情。
Computers don’t understand how___________ ___________ feel.
5. 住在城里比住在乡下费钱。
Living in the city is much more expensive than living___________ ___________ ___________.
五．根据汉语提示补全句子。每空一词。
1.它需要努力工作和适量的时间。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ and the right amount of time.
2. 阅读文学作品总是有用的。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ literary works.
3. 随着年龄的增长，他越来越调皮。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________, he was naughtier and naughtier.
4. 从很小的时候，他就决定做一名发明家。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________，he decided to be an inventor.
5. 这对你的工作将是一个极大的帮助。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ your work.
六．根据所给的汉语内容,完成下列句子。
1我们打算在乡下住几天。
We are going to spend a few days
2他从小就显现出非凡的音乐才能。
He great from
3虽然恐龙6500万年前就突然灭绝了,但我们可以通过它们的化石来了解它们。
Though dinosaurs 65 million years ago, we can them their fossils.
4地球上没有其他动物和人一样聪明了。
No other animals are
Part 2 Homework
一、完成下列短语
1. 多于，超过_________________ 2. 和……一样大/小_________________
3. 灭绝；消失_________________ 4. 得知，获悉，了解_________________
5. 因……而著名_______________ 6. 例如；诸如_________________
二、完成句子
1.那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了。
That style of music ________ _________ ten years ago.
2 .这个地方以它的绿茶而出名。
The place _______ ________ ______its green tea.
3. 他们种了许多种花，例如玫瑰花、向日葵等。
They planted many flowers, ______ ________ roses, sunflowers，etc.
4. 由于天气不好，他们没有去露营。
They didn’t go camping the bad weather.
没有空气人就不能生存。
No one can live water.
她跟他一样富有.
She is ______ ________ ______him.
Mr Green 刚刚打电话给我，了解她女儿的学习情况。
Mr Green phoned me________ ________ ________ his daughter’s study just now.
三、单项选择
( ) 1. You can’t see any dinosaurs any more. They all died _________.
A. / B. out C. in D. off
( ) 2. Beijing is famous ________ the Great Wall.
A. for B. with C. at D. in
( ) 3. Tom can run as _______ as his father.
A. faster B. fastest C. fast D. the fast
( ) 4. Trees of this kind are not common. You can’t see them ________.
A. where B. nowhere C. anywhere D. everywhere
( ) 5．Nobody ______ a child can understand it. How clever he is .
A. ever B. but C. however D. like
( ) 6. I’m sorry to learn _____ your illness.
A. of B. on C. about D. for
( ) 7．Light rain is ________but very heavy rain is________.
A. harm, harmless B. harmful, harmless
C. harmless, harmful D. harmless, harm
( ) 8.After _____ school，he worked as a worker.
A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave
( ) 9.My computer is as _____ as yours.
A. good B. well C. better D. cheaper
( ) 10．_____in our class _____ reading English，so we all do well in English.
A. Nobody，like B. Everybody, like C. Nobody，likes D. Everybody, likes
四、语法选择
Only Mother’s Love is true love. She gives you everything all her life. When you are a baby, Mother looks after you __1__.In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she __2__ her work right away to look after you. When you are growing up, she feels _3__.When you are __4__ to go to school, Mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you __5__ more clothes. She always stands in the wind __6__ for you to come back from school. When you leave home __7__ school with little breakfast, she always feels __8__ about
you at home. She usually knows about your study and spends much money __9__ your school things. When you do well in the exam, you __10__ the happiest smile on her face. We should remember Mother’s Love forever (永远).
( )1.A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. most careful
( )2.A. stopped B. stopping C. stops D. is stopping
( )3.A. unhappy B. happily C. happier D. happy
( )4.A. old enough B. young enough C. enough old D. enough young
( )5.A. to take off B. to put on C. take off D. put on
( )6.A. wait B. waits C. waiting D. waited
( )7.A. to B. for C. at D. in
( )8.A. angry B. active C. worried D. pleased
( )9.A. on B. in C. with D. for
( )10.A. saw B. will see C. sees D. seeing
五、阅读理解
People in different countries have different hobbies around the world. For example，in America people’s favorite hobby is watching TV in their spare time. It is the main entertainment for American to watch TV at least one hour in a day. 96% of American see watching TV as their first hobby. The second one is going to the cinema or doing some sports. Next it is reading or gardening. Except these，fishing is also a very popular hobby.
In England，it’s quite different. People there like to go to the flea market(跳蚤市场).They like to go there to see if there is something new. In addition，Englishmen like drinking tea.
Russians like reading very much. Wherever you go，you will see the people who are reading carefully. Germans like reading as well. According to a survey，Germans read 11 books on average in 2006.
( ) 1. How many kinds of hobbies that Americans have are mentioned
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven.
( ) 2.What is the first hobby for Americans
Watching TV. B. Going to the cinema.
C. Doing some sports. D. Reading.
( ) 3.Where do Englishmen like to go in their spare time
A. Garden. B. Flea market. C. Library. D. Cinema.
( ) 4.The people in ________ like reading.
A. Russian and German B. Russia and Germany
C. America and England D. England and Germany
( ) 5.The people in ________ like drinking tea.
A. America B. England C. Russia D. Germany
六．根据句意及首字母提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺。
1. I didn’t w ___________ first prize in the competition. I felt sorry for it.
2.Edison was famous as a great i___________. He invented many things.
3.The young girl wants to be a s___________ in the future.
4.She shows great i ___________ in singing. She can learn a song in a short time.
5.Our school subjects i___________ Chinese, Maths, English, history, Geography, physics, chemistry and biology.
6.The remote control is an important I___________. We can turn on or off the TV with it.
7.N___________ will believe that he is in trouble because he has already told a lot of lies.
8.Mary was b___________ in a happy family. Everyone loves her.
9.P___________ this book will give you some useful advice on your studies.
10.H___________ brains can produce lots of new ideas, so we are smarter than computers.
七、语法填空
One year, Xiao Rui and his classmates went to a forest. Everything (1) ____ (be) new and exciting there. (2)_____ (sudden), Xiao Rui saw a butterfly. Without (3) _______ (think) too much, he followed it. Finally, he didn’t know how far he rail and where he was. There were just a few tall (4) _____ (tree).He was lost! At first, he had no idea of what to do. Then, he remembered his teacher’s words, “If you get lost in a forest, don’t keep worrying (5) _______ keep calm. Then try to think of some ways.” So he started to think about how to get out of the difficulty. Soon, he had (6) ____ plan. First, he tried to find when he left his classmates. Next, he carefully watched everything around. He was lucky (7) ____ (find) his footprints. Then, he followed the footprints. An hour later, he finally (8) ___ (hear) his classmates shouting for him. At that moment, he got (9) ____ excited that he cried. He successfully saved (10) ______.