人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 单元练习（含答案无听力题）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 单元练习（含答案无听力题） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-22 08:54:37 | ||
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UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The 1972 Hawaii episodes opened the fourth season of The Brady Bunch, and they have become a beloved part of pop culture. Here are the top places where the Hawaii episodes of The Brady Bunch were filmed.
Sheraton Waikiki
Location: 2255 Kalakaua Avenue, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
The entrance to the Sheraton Waikiki has not changed all that much. All of its original charm remains. You can even book an ocean-view room like the one the Brady family would have enjoyed. Be sure to also check out the breathtaking infinity pool(无边泳池).
Halona Blowhole Lookout
Location: 8483 Highway 72, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825
During their tour of Hawaii, the Bradys visited the wonder at the still-active Halona Blowhole. It's one of Hawaii's many natural wonders. The rock formation and blowhole shoot ocean water high into the air when the waves roll in.
Although there are no active volcanoes on Oahu now, their effects on the island linger(继续留存). The best time to come here is when winds are strong and the tide is in.
View Rabbit Island from Makapu u Beach Park
Location:41-095 Kalanianaole Highway, Makapu u Point, Hawaii 96795
The Brady girls enjoyed the view of Rabbit Island. Although it's referred to by its nickname in the episodes, the real name of Rabbit Island is Manana Island. It got its nickname because many rabbits used to inhabit the area. It's now an uninhabited island on the eastern end of Oahu.
Hula dancing on the Ocean Lawn of the Royal Hawaiian
Location: 2259 Kalakaua Avenue, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
It's believed that the Brady ladies enjoyed their hula lesson on the Ocean Lawn of the Royal Hawaiian, a luxury collection resort(旅游胜地). The Ocean Lawn is a great place for a selfie because you can see the ocean, Diamond Head and other beautiful sights in the background.
The Royal Hawaiian does offer hula lessons to guests, but they aren't given on the Ocean Lawn. If you and your family decide to try hula dancing, try not to get your hula skirts mixed up like Alice and Cindy did!
1.Where should you go to enjoy the ocean waves
A.Sheraton Waikiki.
B.Halona Blowhole Lookout.
C.Rabbit Island.
D.The Ocean Lawn.
2.What is special about Rabbit Island
A.It has active volcanoes.
B.It has incredible sunrise.
C.It got the name because of rabbits.
D.It has remained the same ever since.
3.What can you do on the Ocean Lawn
A.Take charming pictures for yourself.
B.Take hula lessons.
C.Climb seaside rocks and go fishing.
D.Exchange skirts with others for fun.
B
A new study shows that the increased heat from Arctic(北极的)rivers is making sea ice in the Arctic Ocean gradually disappear. The study published this week in Science Advances was led by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, together with scientists in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Finland and Canada.
According to the research, the main Arctic rivers bring more heat to the Arctic Ocean than they did in 1980. River heat is one of the reasons that cause the sea ice loss of the Arctic Ocean. That loss is equal to about 120,000 square miles of 1-meter-thick ice.“If Alaska were covered by 1-meter-thick ice, 20% of it would be gone,” explained Igor Polyakov, a researcher at the University of Alaska Fairbanks' International Arctic Research Center.
Rivers have the greatest influence during spring. The warm water pours down the ice covering the Arctic Ocean and spreads below the ice, slowly destroying it. Once the sea ice melts, the warm water makes the temperature go up. The research found that much more river heat energy entered the air. Air circulates, and this means river heat can influence areas of the Arctic far from river deltas(三角洲).
The influence is the most prominent in the Siberian Arctic, where several large rivers go into the Arctic Ocean. Canada's Mackenzie River is the only river large enough to contribute to the sea ice melt near Alaska, but the state's smaller rivers are also a source of heat.
Polyakov says that rising global air temperatures will continue to warm Arctic rivers in the future. As rivers heat up, more warm water will flow into the Arctic Ocean, melting more sea ice.
4.What does the increased heat from Arctic rivers cause
A.Dry weather in the Arctic.
B.A strange disease in the Arctic.
C.The gradual loss of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.
D.The death of fish in the Arctic Ocean.
5.What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A.Alaska will disappear.
B.There's more and more sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.
C.10% of the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean melts each day.
D.Arctic rivers bring more heat to the Arctic Ocean.
6.What does the underlined word “prominent” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Obvious. B.Important.
C.Famous. D.Generous.
7.What is the best title for the text
A.Arctic Rivers Will Disappear
B.Arctic Rivers Are Melting the Arctic Sea Ice
C.Arctic Rivers Will Create a New River Delta
D.Arctic Rivers Bring More Sea Animals to the Arctic Ocean
C
Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across a few hundred of its stores. Using maps input by human employees, the AI-powered cleaners will travel in the store with no difficulty, sweeping the floor—just as human employees used to do.
Perhaps the most striking thing about these robot workers is how non-striking they are. Sci-fi movies suggest a future full of human-like robots which appear with their horrible qualities. Now the future is coming into view, and it looks like a giant lie. It's easy to imagine walking past a robot on a shopping trip without even noticing its presence.
AI has already started to become part of our everyday life. In New Jersey this week, dozens of workers were hospitalized after a robot at an Amazon fulfillment centre accidentally broke a can and workers were enveloped in eye-and-lung-damaging gas. Days earlier in California, an auto-piloted Tesla car carried a drunk, sleeping driver down a highway, which no doubt caused some potential risks for the other drivers on the road. Highway patrol officers figured out on the spot how to stop the AI car.
Of course, industrial accidents and drunk drivers existed well before AI. Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labor—horses, steam machines, self-driving cars—also come with the power to injure people. And the presence of AI-powered machines just steps away from us is, for now, still a rare thing for most people.
But the nature of robots' coming into our daily life will make it harder to recognize—or object to—the bigger changes they will bring later. Walmart insists that the robot cleaners give employees more time for customer service and other tasks. Critics point out that they could just as easily become an excuse to reduce the staff and wages.
8.What is the difference between sci-fi movies and the reality
A.Now the human-like robot is not hard to recognize.
B.Now people don't go to see the sci-fi movies.
C.Now the human-like robots can tell lies.
D.Now it is easy to ignore the robots.
9.Why were some workers in hospital in New Jersey
A.They damaged the robot first.
B.The robot caused an accident on purpose.
C.The robot made a mistake by chance.
D.The robot driving them on the highway had an accident.
10.What is the attitude of the author to AI
A.Supportive. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.
11.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Artificial intelligence is bringing great effect to our daily life.
B.Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across all its stores.
C.We should say no to artificial intelligence.
D.Artificial intelligence is dangerous to our life.
D
Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We are surprised by the intensity of the changes we see, how rapidly the content of oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on the marine ecosystem are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Ocean oxygen levels in some tropical(热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above the colder, saltier sea water. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water with the water in the depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it in the depths.
Ocean animals, large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge(庇护) in zones with the higher oxygen content or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. “After all,” he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp(虾)move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of the low oxygen content than others. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
12.According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most
A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B.The survival of predators and various other marine animals.
C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
13.Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean
A.The melt of the polar ice consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C.The polar ice water on the surface prevents oxygen going down.
D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
14.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals' natural territories.
B.Ocean acidification is a more serious problem than deoxygenation.
C.Not all ocean animals are disturbed by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
15.Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A.The Oxygen Levels of Oceans
B.Ocean Warming Affects the Food Web
C.The Survivability of Ocean Animals
D.The Ocean Is Out of Breath
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the ocean, and we should give things to it.
We take fish from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish, every year—to feed billions of people. 16 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发). 17 Much gold and silver dissolve(溶解) in the water of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 18 Seaweed becomes foods of many kinds—even candy, and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 19 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea Garbage. 20 Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness.
G.We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Afroz Shah, a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn't had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn't spent this time preparing for court cases.
His mission Saving the world's oceans from 21 pollution.
It's a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was upset about seeing how much it had 22 . The sand was no longer 23 because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick—most of it plastic waste.
“The whole beach was like a 24 of plastic,” he said. “It hurt me.” The 25 mess Shah had seen is part of the global environmental crisis. More than 8 million tons of plastic ends up in the world's oceans each year. It's predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the oceans than fish. “Plastic in the ocean is a
26 . And the sea species have no choice at all,” Shah said. “We are 27 their habitats.”
In October 2015,Shah began 28 up plastic waste from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, there was just him and a neighbor, and then he began calling on others to join in. Word 29 and with the help of the social media, more volunteers got 30 .
For Shah, the work has always been a(n) 31 journey, but it has earned global attention. After he was honored as a Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016, Shah devoted nearly all of his free time to this 32 .
He's now spent 209 weekends on this mission, 33 more than 200,000 volunteers, some of whom are young students, to join him in what's been called “the world's biggest beach clean-up”. By October 2018, Versova Beach was 34 clean and Shah's clean-up expanded to another beach as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.
“This world talks too much. I think we must talk 35 and take more action,” he said when interviewed by CNN in October 2019. “We are a smart species. We'll adapt. We'll learn. And with these youngsters standing out, I see hope.”
21.A.plastic B.soil C.river D.oil
22.A.grown B.changed
C.reserved D.protected
23.A.pure B.golden C.shiny D.visible
24.A.curtain B.carpet
C.painting D.photograph
25.A.temporary B.permanent
C.ugly D.pretty
26.A.killer B.cleaner
C.guest D.decoration
27.A.sweeping B.attacking
C.visiting D.beautifying
28.A.pulling B.thinking
C.picking D.looking
29.A.came B.failed C.went D.spread
30.A.involved B.lived
C.stuck D.paid
31.A.easy B.tough
C.personal D.general
32.A.cause B.case
C.position D.fame
33.A.requiring B.rejecting
C.inviting D.inspiring
34.A.originally B.finally
C.politically D.theoretically
35.A.fewer B.less C.better D.worse
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36 (see) from outer space, Earth is a blue planet due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70 percent of its surface. According to a new study published in the journal Science, the ocean plays a great role in 37 (slow) down global warming. 38 The New York Times reported, it is “ 39 important buffer(缓冲物)”.
The oceans can absorb 93 percent of the heat trapped by the greenhouse gases 40 humans release into the atmosphere. And the other 7 percent 41 (absorb) by the air, land and ice caps, according to The Guardian.
“If the ocean wasn't absorbing as much heat, the surface of the land would heat up much 42 (fast) than it is right now,” said Professor Malin L. Pinsky at Rutgers University in the US. “In fact, the ocean is saving us from rapid warming right now.”
However, the ocean itself, as Discover noted, is heating up 40 percent faster on average than the United Nations 43 (believe) five years ago. “That means that if the ocean temperature increases 44 this speed, the high water temperature will destroy marine ecosystems, raise sea level and make 45 (hurricane)more destructive (破坏性的)”, The Guardian reported.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你得知你校外籍教师Peter计划在暑假回国,他想送给母亲可以代表中国文化的礼物,请给他写一封邮件,向他推荐礼物。内容包括:
1.推荐礼物;
2.推荐原因;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold windy day, a poor boy tried to pay tuition by selling goods door to door. Wandering on the street, he was not a successful seller. What's worse, he found that he only had one dime(十分硬币) left. His empty stomach reminded him constantly that for days he hadn't eaten anything. He had no choice but to beg for a meal at the next house.
Hesitantly he knocked on the door, thinking about what to say when it opened. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. “What can I do for you ” asked the young woman. The boy paused for a while. “Would you please give me some...a drink of water ” the boy dared not look directly into her eyes. She looked at the bony boy and thought he might need something to give him energy, so she brought him a glass of milk. His head rising and small hands taking the cup, he drank it up slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you ” “You don't owe me anything,” she replied with a warm smile on her face. “My mother has taught me never to accept rewards for a kindness.” Deeply moved, he said sincerely, “Then I shall thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, not only did he feel stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the whole human race. As a matter of fact, he was about to give up and quit before that point.
Years later the young woman became seriously ill. However, the local doctors were unable to give the effective medical treatment. Finally they sent her to a hospital in the big city, where specialists can be called in to cure her rare disease. Among those famous specialists, Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation(会 诊). When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her.
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room.
参考答案
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B
8.D 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.A
15.D 16.E 17.D 18.A 19.F 20.B 21.A
22.B 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.C
29.D 30.A 31.C 32.A 33.D 34.B 35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了The Brady Bunch第四季剧集中四个夏威夷拍摄地,以此吸引游客来游玩。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章Halona Blowhole Lookout中的The rock formation and blowhole shoot ocean water high into the air when the waves roll in.可知,当海浪滚滚而来时,岩层和气孔将海水喷射到空中。因此,在哈罗那喷潮口可以欣赏到海浪。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章View Rabbit Island from Makapu u Beach Park中的It got its nickname because many rabbits used to inhabit the area. 可知,它有这个绰号是因为很多兔子曾经在这个地区生活过。兔子岛特别之处在于它因为很多兔子曾经在此地栖息而得名。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章Hula dancing on the Ocean Lawn of the Royal Hawaiian中的The Ocean Lawn is a great place for a selfie because you can see the ocean, Diamond Head and other beautiful sights in the background.可知,海洋草坪是一个自拍的好地方,因为你在背景里可以看到大海,戴蒙德火山口和其他美丽的风景。由此可见,在海洋草坪上你可以为自己拍一些迷人的照片。故选A。本题易误选B项,由最后一段中The Royal Hawaiian does offer hula lessons to guests, but they aren't given on the Ocean Lawn.可知,皇家夏威夷酒店确实为宾客提供草裙舞课程,但课程不会在海洋草坪上进行。故排除B项。
B
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。研究表明,北极河流的热量正在导致北冰洋海冰逐渐消融。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的A new study shows that the increased heat from Arctic rivers is making sea ice in the Arctic Ocean gradually disappear.可知,北极河流的热量上升导致北冰洋的海冰逐渐消融。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,相比1980年,主要的北极河流给北冰洋带来了更多的热量,故选D。由If Alaska were covered by 1-meter-thick ice, 20% of it would be gone可知,如果被1米厚的冰层覆盖,20%的阿拉斯加将会消失,故这里表示假设,排除A项(阿拉斯加将会消失);由River heat is one of the reasons that cause the sea ice loss of the Arctic Ocean.一句可知,北冰洋的海冰正在减少,故排除B项;C项在文中未被提及,故排除。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段的描述可知,北极河流的热量上升导致北冰洋海冰逐渐消融;根据画线单词后面的内容可知,在西伯利亚北极,有几条大河流入北冰洋。因为北极河流的热量使北极海冰融化,而西伯利亚北极地区有好几条大河流入北冰洋。所以在西伯利亚北极,河流对北冰洋海冰的影响是明显的,prominent意为“明显的”,故选A。B.重要的;C.著名的;D.慷慨的,大方的。
7.B 主旨大意题。阅读文章首句再结合全文内容可知本文主要介绍了北极河流正在融化北极海冰的情况。“北极河流正在融化北极海冰”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。沃尔玛很快将在其数百家门店中使用360个机器人清洁工,文章以此为引子,探讨了“人工智能可能对我们的生活产生巨大影响”这个话题。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sci-fi movies suggest a future...even noticing its presence.”可知,在现实中,人们经常忽略机器人的存在。而在科幻电影中,机器人是一种可怕的存在。D项(现在很容易忽略机器人)切合题意。故选D。根据第二段可知,现在机器人是很难被注意到的,故A项“现在,类人机器人不难识别”错误。B项“现在人们不去看科幻电影”文中未提及。根据第二段中的“Now the future is coming into view, and it looks like a giant lie.”可知,这里的谎言指的是科幻电影中的机器人与现实中的机器人完全不一样,并不是类人机器人说谎。故C项“现在类人机器人可能说谎”不正确。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In New Jersey this week...in eye-and-lung-damaging gas.”可知,亚马逊物流中心的一个机器人不小心打破了一个罐子,把工人们困在了对眼睛和肺有害的气体中,导致数十名工人住院治疗。故选C。
10.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labor—horses, steam machines, self-driving cars—also come with the power to injure people.”可知,人工智能可以减轻人们的体力劳动负担,但同时有可能产生危害。因此作者对AI的态度是“客观的”。同时最后一段针对沃尔玛使用机器人清洁工这件事,分别提到沃尔玛与批评人士的观点,而作者对此没有发表看法,表明其态度也是客观的(objective)。故选B。supportive 支持的;doubtful 怀疑的;indifferent 漠不关心的。
11.A 主旨大意题。第一段提出:沃尔玛很快将在其数百家门店中使用360个机器人清洁工。结合其余每段段首句可知,文章主要论述了“人工智能正在悄无声息地进入我们的生活,对我们的生活产生巨大影响”这个话题。故结合选项可知,A(人工智能正给我们的日常生活带来巨大的影响)切合该话题。故选A。 B(沃尔玛很快将在其所有门店使用360个机器人清洁工)为文章开头引出话题的一个具体事例,且文中并未提及是所有门店;C(我们应该对人工智能说不)和D(人工智能对我们的生活是危险的)表述过于绝对和片面。
D
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章指出,海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化相关且令人担忧的趋势。文章还介绍了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及它对海洋生物的影响。
12.A 细节理解题。由第二段后三句可知,对于科学家来说,变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪,但这种下降的幅度需要引起人们的注意。研究表明,在过去的50年里,一些热带地区的海洋氧气含量下降了惊人的40%。其他地区的降幅较小,全球平均降幅为2%。所以,科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故选A。B项意为“食肉动物和其他各种海洋动物的生存”;C项意为“海洋中变化惊人的氧气水平”,相比A项,C项表述范围过大,过于笼统,没能表达出科学家真正担忧的事情;D项意为“缺乏对热带海洋变暖的关注”。
13.C 细节理解题。文章第三段说明了海洋缺氧的两点原因,分别是:一、液体温度越高,它能容纳的气体就越少;二、当极地海冰融化时,它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种类似盖子的东西,它可以防止水流将表面的水与海洋更深处的水混合。因为所有的氧气都进入了表面,所以较少的混合就意味着海洋深处的含氧量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故选C。
14.A 推理判断题。由第四段前两句可知,Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现,无论大小,海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应,它们在含氧量较高的区域寻求庇护,或是调整行为。这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的掠食者面前,或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。所以海洋中氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地,去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。故判断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然领地。故选A。由第四段最后两句可知,气候变化给海洋生物带来了海洋酸化的问题,但脱氧是海洋动物现在面临的最紧迫的问题,毕竟动物要呼吸。故排除B项;由最后一段前两句可知,动物的身体要适应较低的氧气水平。比如,中国虾在低氧环境中移动尾巴的力度较小,以保存能量。D项意为“有的动物会减少活动量来摄入更多的氧气”,表述与原文不符,故排除。由最后一段倒数第二句中的all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation可知所有海洋生物都会受到氧含量降低的影响,故排除C项。
15.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势,海洋氧含量下降的原因以及这对海洋生物的影响。所以文章主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的。故文章的最佳标题为“海洋喘不过气来了”。故选D。A.海洋的氧含量;B.海洋变暖影响食物网;C.海洋动物的存活能力。
第二节
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们生活的地球周围都是海洋,我们越来越依赖海洋的资源,但是我们却不断地污染海洋,作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
16.E 根据空前句可知,我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼,来养活数十亿人。空后句讲述人们从海洋中获取矿物质,由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处,故选E项(我们甚至用它们的骨头做肥料),且选项中的代词their指“fish s”。倒数第二段提到的fertilizer也是对此处的提示。
17.D 根据空前两句可知,人们从海洋中提取矿物质,可以通过蒸发海水获得盐,故D项(连同盐,其他矿物质在蒸发后也会被留下来)承接上文关于盐这种物质的描述,符合题意。故选D。
18.A 根据空前两句可知,来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以制成珠宝,空后句说海藻可被制成多种食物(甚至糖果、冰激淩)以及药品。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,A项(天然海绵成为清洁助手)承上启下,符合题意。故选A。
19.F 根据空前句可知,人们不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就得到了淡水。空处应该承接上文意义,讲海水的不良影响,F项(它的某些成分可能会引发疾病)符合题意。故选F。
20.B 本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两句可知,人们给了海洋垃圾,污染了海洋,故B项(当我们把海洋当作垃圾场时,我们会污染海洋)承上启下,符合题意。故选B。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了孟买的一名律师Afroz Shah四年间利用周末时间去清理沙滩上的塑料垃圾的故事。他在2016年被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号,并且激励了20多万名志愿者加入到他的海滩清理行动中来。
21.A 句意:他的使命是什么 拯救这个世界的海洋免受塑料的污染。A.plastic塑料;B.soil土壤;C.river河流;D.oil石油。从下文中多处可以看出,Shah着力于治理海洋塑料垃圾,故选A。
22.B 当他看到他曾经玩耍的地方发生了很大的改变时,他很沮丧。A.grown发展;B.changed改变;C.reserved保留;D.protected保护。从下文because it was covered by a layer of garbage可知,他曾经玩耍的地方变了。故选B。
23.D 句意:沙滩再也看不见了,因为它被一层超过5英尺厚的垃圾覆盖——大部分是塑料垃圾。A.pure纯粹的;B.golden金色的;C.shiny光亮的;D.visible看得见的,明显的。从下文because it was covered by a layer of garbage可知选D。
24.B 句意:整片沙滩就像一层厚厚的塑料……。A.curtain窗帘;B.carpet地毯,覆盖地面的一层厚东西;C.painting绘画;D.photograph照片。a carpet of 一层厚厚的……。从上文because it was covered by a layer of garbage可知,沙滩被厚厚的塑料垃圾覆盖。故选B。
25.C 句意:Shah所看到的一团糟是全球环境危机的一部分。A.temporary暂时的;B.permanent永久的;C.ugly丑陋的;D.pretty漂亮的。从文中的mess,global environmental crisis可知,这些垃圾是不好的。故选C。
26.A 句意:海洋中的塑料是杀手。A.killer杀手;B.cleaner清洁工;C.guest客人;D.decoration装饰品。根据常识可知选A。
27.B 句意:我们正在攻击它们的栖息地。A.sweeping打扫;B.attacking攻击;C.visiting参观;D.beautifying美化。从上文the sea species have no choice at all可知,塑料让海洋物种没有选择,人类正在破坏它们的栖息地。故选B。
28.C 句意:2015年10月,Shah开始每周六早上在沙滩捡塑料垃圾。A.pulling拉;B.thinking思考;C.picking捡;D.looking看。短语pick up意为“捡起”。故选C。
29.D 句意:消息传播开来,在媒体的帮助下,更多的志愿者参与了进来。A.came来到;B.failed失败;C.went走;D.spread传播。此处指消息传播,用spread,其他选项不符合语境。故选D。
30.A 句意见上一题。结合后文more than 200,000 volunteers可知,更多的志愿者参与了进来。短语get involved表示“参与”。故选A。
31.C 句意:对于Shah来说,这项工作一直是个人的历程,但它却获得了全世界的关注。A.easy容易的;B.tough艰难的;C.personal个人的;D.general一般的。从下文but it has earned global attention的转折可得线索,同时personal与global对应。故选C。
32.A 句意:在2016年被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号后,Shah几乎把所有的空闲时间都投入到了这项事业中。A.cause事业;B.case情况;C.position位置;D.fame名声。故选A。
33.D 句意:现在,这个任务他已经执行了209个周末,激励了20多万名志愿者加入到他被称作“世界上最大的海滩清理行动”中来,其中一些是年轻学生。A.requiring需要;B.rejecting拒绝;C.inviting邀请;D.inspiring鼓舞,激励。故选D。
34.B 句意:到2018年10月,Versova海滩终于干净了,Shah的清理工作扩展到另一个海滩,以及密斯河的一个河段和印度的其他地区。A.originally起初;B.finally终于;C.politically政治上;D.theoretically理论上。故选B。
35.B 句意:“这个世界说得太多了。我认为我们必须少说多做,”他在2019年10月接受美国有线电视新闻网的采访时说。A.fewer更少的;B.less更少地;C.better更好地;D.worse更坏地。本题less和后面的more对应,表示“少说多做”。故选B。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述了海洋在减缓全球变暖中扮演着重要角色,但海洋本身的平均升温速度比联合国五年前认为的要快40%,这将带来一些破坏性的影响。
36.Seen 考查过去分词。句意:从外太空看,地球是一个蓝色的星球,因为海洋覆盖了它超过70%的表面。Earth与see在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用see的过去分词seen作状语。故填Seen。
37.slowing 考查动名词。句意:根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新研究,海洋在减缓全球变暖方面发挥着重要作用。in为介词,后接动名词。故填slowing。
38.As 考查定语从句。句意:正如《纽约时报》所报道的,它是“一个重要的缓冲物”。此处应用as引导非限制性定语从句,as意为“正如”,指代后面的整个主句,作reported的宾语。故填As。
39.an 考查冠词。句意同上。buffer为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,且important以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
40.that/which 考查关系代词。句意:海洋可以吸收93%的被人类释放到大气中的温室气体所捕获的热量。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,greenhouse gases为先行词,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,所以用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。
41.is absorbed 考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意:另外7%被空气、陆地和冰盖吸收……。由上下文语境可知,本句为一般现在时,本句的主语the other 7 percent表示不可数概念,且与absorb之间为被动关系。故填is absorbed。
42.faster 考查副词比较级。句意:如果海洋没有吸收那么多热量,陆地表面的升温速度将比现在快得多……。由than可知,设空处填比较级faster。
43.believed 考查时态。句意:然而,正如《发现》所指出的,海洋自身的平均升温速度比联合国五年前认为的要快40%。由five years ago可知,than引导的从句用一般过去时。故填believed。
44.at 考查介词。句意:《卫报》报道:“那意味着如果海洋温度以这种速度上升,高水温将毁灭海洋生态系统,提高海平面,使飓风更具破坏性。”表示“以……速度”用介词at。at this speed以这个速度。故填at。
45.hurricanes 考查名词复数。句意同上。hurricane意为“飓风”,为可数名词,设空处前无限定词,结合语境可知此处应用复数名词hurricanes。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. And I am writing to give you some advice.
Personally, I think you should buy the following two gifts: Qipao and the Chinese knotting. Qipao, very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women, can show the real beauty of a woman. I am sure your mother will like it very much. What's more, the Chinese knotting is also a good choice for you. It is usually hung in the sitting rooms or cars, which represents good luck.
Wish you a good vacation. Please give my best wishes to your family.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her. He saw her lie on the bed and recognized her at once. Her lovely face looked pale. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case. Luckily, after a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side.
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room. Hesitantly she took it. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she opened it, on the side of which a note caught her attention. She read these words. “Paid in full with a glass of milk,” signed Dr. Howard Kelly. Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently, “Thank you, God.”
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The 1972 Hawaii episodes opened the fourth season of The Brady Bunch, and they have become a beloved part of pop culture. Here are the top places where the Hawaii episodes of The Brady Bunch were filmed.
Sheraton Waikiki
Location: 2255 Kalakaua Avenue, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
The entrance to the Sheraton Waikiki has not changed all that much. All of its original charm remains. You can even book an ocean-view room like the one the Brady family would have enjoyed. Be sure to also check out the breathtaking infinity pool(无边泳池).
Halona Blowhole Lookout
Location: 8483 Highway 72, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825
During their tour of Hawaii, the Bradys visited the wonder at the still-active Halona Blowhole. It's one of Hawaii's many natural wonders. The rock formation and blowhole shoot ocean water high into the air when the waves roll in.
Although there are no active volcanoes on Oahu now, their effects on the island linger(继续留存). The best time to come here is when winds are strong and the tide is in.
View Rabbit Island from Makapu u Beach Park
Location:41-095 Kalanianaole Highway, Makapu u Point, Hawaii 96795
The Brady girls enjoyed the view of Rabbit Island. Although it's referred to by its nickname in the episodes, the real name of Rabbit Island is Manana Island. It got its nickname because many rabbits used to inhabit the area. It's now an uninhabited island on the eastern end of Oahu.
Hula dancing on the Ocean Lawn of the Royal Hawaiian
Location: 2259 Kalakaua Avenue, Honolulu, Hawaii 96815
It's believed that the Brady ladies enjoyed their hula lesson on the Ocean Lawn of the Royal Hawaiian, a luxury collection resort(旅游胜地). The Ocean Lawn is a great place for a selfie because you can see the ocean, Diamond Head and other beautiful sights in the background.
The Royal Hawaiian does offer hula lessons to guests, but they aren't given on the Ocean Lawn. If you and your family decide to try hula dancing, try not to get your hula skirts mixed up like Alice and Cindy did!
1.Where should you go to enjoy the ocean waves
A.Sheraton Waikiki.
B.Halona Blowhole Lookout.
C.Rabbit Island.
D.The Ocean Lawn.
2.What is special about Rabbit Island
A.It has active volcanoes.
B.It has incredible sunrise.
C.It got the name because of rabbits.
D.It has remained the same ever since.
3.What can you do on the Ocean Lawn
A.Take charming pictures for yourself.
B.Take hula lessons.
C.Climb seaside rocks and go fishing.
D.Exchange skirts with others for fun.
B
A new study shows that the increased heat from Arctic(北极的)rivers is making sea ice in the Arctic Ocean gradually disappear. The study published this week in Science Advances was led by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, together with scientists in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Finland and Canada.
According to the research, the main Arctic rivers bring more heat to the Arctic Ocean than they did in 1980. River heat is one of the reasons that cause the sea ice loss of the Arctic Ocean. That loss is equal to about 120,000 square miles of 1-meter-thick ice.“If Alaska were covered by 1-meter-thick ice, 20% of it would be gone,” explained Igor Polyakov, a researcher at the University of Alaska Fairbanks' International Arctic Research Center.
Rivers have the greatest influence during spring. The warm water pours down the ice covering the Arctic Ocean and spreads below the ice, slowly destroying it. Once the sea ice melts, the warm water makes the temperature go up. The research found that much more river heat energy entered the air. Air circulates, and this means river heat can influence areas of the Arctic far from river deltas(三角洲).
The influence is the most prominent in the Siberian Arctic, where several large rivers go into the Arctic Ocean. Canada's Mackenzie River is the only river large enough to contribute to the sea ice melt near Alaska, but the state's smaller rivers are also a source of heat.
Polyakov says that rising global air temperatures will continue to warm Arctic rivers in the future. As rivers heat up, more warm water will flow into the Arctic Ocean, melting more sea ice.
4.What does the increased heat from Arctic rivers cause
A.Dry weather in the Arctic.
B.A strange disease in the Arctic.
C.The gradual loss of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.
D.The death of fish in the Arctic Ocean.
5.What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A.Alaska will disappear.
B.There's more and more sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.
C.10% of the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean melts each day.
D.Arctic rivers bring more heat to the Arctic Ocean.
6.What does the underlined word “prominent” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Obvious. B.Important.
C.Famous. D.Generous.
7.What is the best title for the text
A.Arctic Rivers Will Disappear
B.Arctic Rivers Are Melting the Arctic Sea Ice
C.Arctic Rivers Will Create a New River Delta
D.Arctic Rivers Bring More Sea Animals to the Arctic Ocean
C
Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across a few hundred of its stores. Using maps input by human employees, the AI-powered cleaners will travel in the store with no difficulty, sweeping the floor—just as human employees used to do.
Perhaps the most striking thing about these robot workers is how non-striking they are. Sci-fi movies suggest a future full of human-like robots which appear with their horrible qualities. Now the future is coming into view, and it looks like a giant lie. It's easy to imagine walking past a robot on a shopping trip without even noticing its presence.
AI has already started to become part of our everyday life. In New Jersey this week, dozens of workers were hospitalized after a robot at an Amazon fulfillment centre accidentally broke a can and workers were enveloped in eye-and-lung-damaging gas. Days earlier in California, an auto-piloted Tesla car carried a drunk, sleeping driver down a highway, which no doubt caused some potential risks for the other drivers on the road. Highway patrol officers figured out on the spot how to stop the AI car.
Of course, industrial accidents and drunk drivers existed well before AI. Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labor—horses, steam machines, self-driving cars—also come with the power to injure people. And the presence of AI-powered machines just steps away from us is, for now, still a rare thing for most people.
But the nature of robots' coming into our daily life will make it harder to recognize—or object to—the bigger changes they will bring later. Walmart insists that the robot cleaners give employees more time for customer service and other tasks. Critics point out that they could just as easily become an excuse to reduce the staff and wages.
8.What is the difference between sci-fi movies and the reality
A.Now the human-like robot is not hard to recognize.
B.Now people don't go to see the sci-fi movies.
C.Now the human-like robots can tell lies.
D.Now it is easy to ignore the robots.
9.Why were some workers in hospital in New Jersey
A.They damaged the robot first.
B.The robot caused an accident on purpose.
C.The robot made a mistake by chance.
D.The robot driving them on the highway had an accident.
10.What is the attitude of the author to AI
A.Supportive. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.
11.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Artificial intelligence is bringing great effect to our daily life.
B.Walmart will soon use 360 robot cleaners across all its stores.
C.We should say no to artificial intelligence.
D.Artificial intelligence is dangerous to our life.
D
Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We are surprised by the intensity of the changes we see, how rapidly the content of oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on the marine ecosystem are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Ocean oxygen levels in some tropical(热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above the colder, saltier sea water. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water with the water in the depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it in the depths.
Ocean animals, large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge(庇护) in zones with the higher oxygen content or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. “After all,” he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp(虾)move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of the low oxygen content than others. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
12.According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most
A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B.The survival of predators and various other marine animals.
C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
13.Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean
A.The melt of the polar ice consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C.The polar ice water on the surface prevents oxygen going down.
D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
14.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals' natural territories.
B.Ocean acidification is a more serious problem than deoxygenation.
C.Not all ocean animals are disturbed by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
15.Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A.The Oxygen Levels of Oceans
B.Ocean Warming Affects the Food Web
C.The Survivability of Ocean Animals
D.The Ocean Is Out of Breath
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the ocean, and we should give things to it.
We take fish from the ocean—millions of kilograms of fish, every year—to feed billions of people. 16 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发). 17 Much gold and silver dissolve(溶解) in the water of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 18 Seaweed becomes foods of many kinds—even candy, and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 19 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea Garbage. 20 Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness.
G.We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Afroz Shah, a lawyer in Mumbai, hasn't had a weekend off in four years. But he hasn't spent this time preparing for court cases.
His mission Saving the world's oceans from 21 pollution.
It's a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was upset about seeing how much it had 22 . The sand was no longer 23 because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick—most of it plastic waste.
“The whole beach was like a 24 of plastic,” he said. “It hurt me.” The 25 mess Shah had seen is part of the global environmental crisis. More than 8 million tons of plastic ends up in the world's oceans each year. It's predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the oceans than fish. “Plastic in the ocean is a
26 . And the sea species have no choice at all,” Shah said. “We are 27 their habitats.”
In October 2015,Shah began 28 up plastic waste from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, there was just him and a neighbor, and then he began calling on others to join in. Word 29 and with the help of the social media, more volunteers got 30 .
For Shah, the work has always been a(n) 31 journey, but it has earned global attention. After he was honored as a Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016, Shah devoted nearly all of his free time to this 32 .
He's now spent 209 weekends on this mission, 33 more than 200,000 volunteers, some of whom are young students, to join him in what's been called “the world's biggest beach clean-up”. By October 2018, Versova Beach was 34 clean and Shah's clean-up expanded to another beach as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.
“This world talks too much. I think we must talk 35 and take more action,” he said when interviewed by CNN in October 2019. “We are a smart species. We'll adapt. We'll learn. And with these youngsters standing out, I see hope.”
21.A.plastic B.soil C.river D.oil
22.A.grown B.changed
C.reserved D.protected
23.A.pure B.golden C.shiny D.visible
24.A.curtain B.carpet
C.painting D.photograph
25.A.temporary B.permanent
C.ugly D.pretty
26.A.killer B.cleaner
C.guest D.decoration
27.A.sweeping B.attacking
C.visiting D.beautifying
28.A.pulling B.thinking
C.picking D.looking
29.A.came B.failed C.went D.spread
30.A.involved B.lived
C.stuck D.paid
31.A.easy B.tough
C.personal D.general
32.A.cause B.case
C.position D.fame
33.A.requiring B.rejecting
C.inviting D.inspiring
34.A.originally B.finally
C.politically D.theoretically
35.A.fewer B.less C.better D.worse
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
36 (see) from outer space, Earth is a blue planet due to the fact that the ocean covers over 70 percent of its surface. According to a new study published in the journal Science, the ocean plays a great role in 37 (slow) down global warming. 38 The New York Times reported, it is “ 39 important buffer(缓冲物)”.
The oceans can absorb 93 percent of the heat trapped by the greenhouse gases 40 humans release into the atmosphere. And the other 7 percent 41 (absorb) by the air, land and ice caps, according to The Guardian.
“If the ocean wasn't absorbing as much heat, the surface of the land would heat up much 42 (fast) than it is right now,” said Professor Malin L. Pinsky at Rutgers University in the US. “In fact, the ocean is saving us from rapid warming right now.”
However, the ocean itself, as Discover noted, is heating up 40 percent faster on average than the United Nations 43 (believe) five years ago. “That means that if the ocean temperature increases 44 this speed, the high water temperature will destroy marine ecosystems, raise sea level and make 45 (hurricane)more destructive (破坏性的)”, The Guardian reported.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你得知你校外籍教师Peter计划在暑假回国,他想送给母亲可以代表中国文化的礼物,请给他写一封邮件,向他推荐礼物。内容包括:
1.推荐礼物;
2.推荐原因;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold windy day, a poor boy tried to pay tuition by selling goods door to door. Wandering on the street, he was not a successful seller. What's worse, he found that he only had one dime(十分硬币) left. His empty stomach reminded him constantly that for days he hadn't eaten anything. He had no choice but to beg for a meal at the next house.
Hesitantly he knocked on the door, thinking about what to say when it opened. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. “What can I do for you ” asked the young woman. The boy paused for a while. “Would you please give me some...a drink of water ” the boy dared not look directly into her eyes. She looked at the bony boy and thought he might need something to give him energy, so she brought him a glass of milk. His head rising and small hands taking the cup, he drank it up slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you ” “You don't owe me anything,” she replied with a warm smile on her face. “My mother has taught me never to accept rewards for a kindness.” Deeply moved, he said sincerely, “Then I shall thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, not only did he feel stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the whole human race. As a matter of fact, he was about to give up and quit before that point.
Years later the young woman became seriously ill. However, the local doctors were unable to give the effective medical treatment. Finally they sent her to a hospital in the big city, where specialists can be called in to cure her rare disease. Among those famous specialists, Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation(会 诊). When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her.
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room.
参考答案
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B
8.D 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.A
15.D 16.E 17.D 18.A 19.F 20.B 21.A
22.B 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.C
29.D 30.A 31.C 32.A 33.D 34.B 35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了The Brady Bunch第四季剧集中四个夏威夷拍摄地,以此吸引游客来游玩。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章Halona Blowhole Lookout中的The rock formation and blowhole shoot ocean water high into the air when the waves roll in.可知,当海浪滚滚而来时,岩层和气孔将海水喷射到空中。因此,在哈罗那喷潮口可以欣赏到海浪。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章View Rabbit Island from Makapu u Beach Park中的It got its nickname because many rabbits used to inhabit the area. 可知,它有这个绰号是因为很多兔子曾经在这个地区生活过。兔子岛特别之处在于它因为很多兔子曾经在此地栖息而得名。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章Hula dancing on the Ocean Lawn of the Royal Hawaiian中的The Ocean Lawn is a great place for a selfie because you can see the ocean, Diamond Head and other beautiful sights in the background.可知,海洋草坪是一个自拍的好地方,因为你在背景里可以看到大海,戴蒙德火山口和其他美丽的风景。由此可见,在海洋草坪上你可以为自己拍一些迷人的照片。故选A。本题易误选B项,由最后一段中The Royal Hawaiian does offer hula lessons to guests, but they aren't given on the Ocean Lawn.可知,皇家夏威夷酒店确实为宾客提供草裙舞课程,但课程不会在海洋草坪上进行。故排除B项。
B
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。研究表明,北极河流的热量正在导致北冰洋海冰逐渐消融。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的A new study shows that the increased heat from Arctic rivers is making sea ice in the Arctic Ocean gradually disappear.可知,北极河流的热量上升导致北冰洋的海冰逐渐消融。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,相比1980年,主要的北极河流给北冰洋带来了更多的热量,故选D。由If Alaska were covered by 1-meter-thick ice, 20% of it would be gone可知,如果被1米厚的冰层覆盖,20%的阿拉斯加将会消失,故这里表示假设,排除A项(阿拉斯加将会消失);由River heat is one of the reasons that cause the sea ice loss of the Arctic Ocean.一句可知,北冰洋的海冰正在减少,故排除B项;C项在文中未被提及,故排除。
6.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段的描述可知,北极河流的热量上升导致北冰洋海冰逐渐消融;根据画线单词后面的内容可知,在西伯利亚北极,有几条大河流入北冰洋。因为北极河流的热量使北极海冰融化,而西伯利亚北极地区有好几条大河流入北冰洋。所以在西伯利亚北极,河流对北冰洋海冰的影响是明显的,prominent意为“明显的”,故选A。B.重要的;C.著名的;D.慷慨的,大方的。
7.B 主旨大意题。阅读文章首句再结合全文内容可知本文主要介绍了北极河流正在融化北极海冰的情况。“北极河流正在融化北极海冰”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。沃尔玛很快将在其数百家门店中使用360个机器人清洁工,文章以此为引子,探讨了“人工智能可能对我们的生活产生巨大影响”这个话题。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sci-fi movies suggest a future...even noticing its presence.”可知,在现实中,人们经常忽略机器人的存在。而在科幻电影中,机器人是一种可怕的存在。D项(现在很容易忽略机器人)切合题意。故选D。根据第二段可知,现在机器人是很难被注意到的,故A项“现在,类人机器人不难识别”错误。B项“现在人们不去看科幻电影”文中未提及。根据第二段中的“Now the future is coming into view, and it looks like a giant lie.”可知,这里的谎言指的是科幻电影中的机器人与现实中的机器人完全不一样,并不是类人机器人说谎。故C项“现在类人机器人可能说谎”不正确。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In New Jersey this week...in eye-and-lung-damaging gas.”可知,亚马逊物流中心的一个机器人不小心打破了一个罐子,把工人们困在了对眼睛和肺有害的气体中,导致数十名工人住院治疗。故选C。
10.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labor—horses, steam machines, self-driving cars—also come with the power to injure people.”可知,人工智能可以减轻人们的体力劳动负担,但同时有可能产生危害。因此作者对AI的态度是“客观的”。同时最后一段针对沃尔玛使用机器人清洁工这件事,分别提到沃尔玛与批评人士的观点,而作者对此没有发表看法,表明其态度也是客观的(objective)。故选B。supportive 支持的;doubtful 怀疑的;indifferent 漠不关心的。
11.A 主旨大意题。第一段提出:沃尔玛很快将在其数百家门店中使用360个机器人清洁工。结合其余每段段首句可知,文章主要论述了“人工智能正在悄无声息地进入我们的生活,对我们的生活产生巨大影响”这个话题。故结合选项可知,A(人工智能正给我们的日常生活带来巨大的影响)切合该话题。故选A。 B(沃尔玛很快将在其所有门店使用360个机器人清洁工)为文章开头引出话题的一个具体事例,且文中并未提及是所有门店;C(我们应该对人工智能说不)和D(人工智能对我们的生活是危险的)表述过于绝对和片面。
D
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章指出,海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化相关且令人担忧的趋势。文章还介绍了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及它对海洋生物的影响。
12.A 细节理解题。由第二段后三句可知,对于科学家来说,变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪,但这种下降的幅度需要引起人们的注意。研究表明,在过去的50年里,一些热带地区的海洋氧气含量下降了惊人的40%。其他地区的降幅较小,全球平均降幅为2%。所以,科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故选A。B项意为“食肉动物和其他各种海洋动物的生存”;C项意为“海洋中变化惊人的氧气水平”,相比A项,C项表述范围过大,过于笼统,没能表达出科学家真正担忧的事情;D项意为“缺乏对热带海洋变暖的关注”。
13.C 细节理解题。文章第三段说明了海洋缺氧的两点原因,分别是:一、液体温度越高,它能容纳的气体就越少;二、当极地海冰融化时,它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种类似盖子的东西,它可以防止水流将表面的水与海洋更深处的水混合。因为所有的氧气都进入了表面,所以较少的混合就意味着海洋深处的含氧量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故选C。
14.A 推理判断题。由第四段前两句可知,Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现,无论大小,海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应,它们在含氧量较高的区域寻求庇护,或是调整行为。这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的掠食者面前,或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。所以海洋中氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地,去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。故判断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然领地。故选A。由第四段最后两句可知,气候变化给海洋生物带来了海洋酸化的问题,但脱氧是海洋动物现在面临的最紧迫的问题,毕竟动物要呼吸。故排除B项;由最后一段前两句可知,动物的身体要适应较低的氧气水平。比如,中国虾在低氧环境中移动尾巴的力度较小,以保存能量。D项意为“有的动物会减少活动量来摄入更多的氧气”,表述与原文不符,故排除。由最后一段倒数第二句中的all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation可知所有海洋生物都会受到氧含量降低的影响,故排除C项。
15.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势,海洋氧含量下降的原因以及这对海洋生物的影响。所以文章主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的。故文章的最佳标题为“海洋喘不过气来了”。故选D。A.海洋的氧含量;B.海洋变暖影响食物网;C.海洋动物的存活能力。
第二节
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们生活的地球周围都是海洋,我们越来越依赖海洋的资源,但是我们却不断地污染海洋,作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
16.E 根据空前句可知,我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼,来养活数十亿人。空后句讲述人们从海洋中获取矿物质,由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处,故选E项(我们甚至用它们的骨头做肥料),且选项中的代词their指“fish s”。倒数第二段提到的fertilizer也是对此处的提示。
17.D 根据空前两句可知,人们从海洋中提取矿物质,可以通过蒸发海水获得盐,故D项(连同盐,其他矿物质在蒸发后也会被留下来)承接上文关于盐这种物质的描述,符合题意。故选D。
18.A 根据空前两句可知,来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以制成珠宝,空后句说海藻可被制成多种食物(甚至糖果、冰激淩)以及药品。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,A项(天然海绵成为清洁助手)承上启下,符合题意。故选A。
19.F 根据空前句可知,人们不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就得到了淡水。空处应该承接上文意义,讲海水的不良影响,F项(它的某些成分可能会引发疾病)符合题意。故选F。
20.B 本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两句可知,人们给了海洋垃圾,污染了海洋,故B项(当我们把海洋当作垃圾场时,我们会污染海洋)承上启下,符合题意。故选B。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了孟买的一名律师Afroz Shah四年间利用周末时间去清理沙滩上的塑料垃圾的故事。他在2016年被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号,并且激励了20多万名志愿者加入到他的海滩清理行动中来。
21.A 句意:他的使命是什么 拯救这个世界的海洋免受塑料的污染。A.plastic塑料;B.soil土壤;C.river河流;D.oil石油。从下文中多处可以看出,Shah着力于治理海洋塑料垃圾,故选A。
22.B 当他看到他曾经玩耍的地方发生了很大的改变时,他很沮丧。A.grown发展;B.changed改变;C.reserved保留;D.protected保护。从下文because it was covered by a layer of garbage可知,他曾经玩耍的地方变了。故选B。
23.D 句意:沙滩再也看不见了,因为它被一层超过5英尺厚的垃圾覆盖——大部分是塑料垃圾。A.pure纯粹的;B.golden金色的;C.shiny光亮的;D.visible看得见的,明显的。从下文because it was covered by a layer of garbage可知选D。
24.B 句意:整片沙滩就像一层厚厚的塑料……。A.curtain窗帘;B.carpet地毯,覆盖地面的一层厚东西;C.painting绘画;D.photograph照片。a carpet of 一层厚厚的……。从上文because it was covered by a layer of garbage可知,沙滩被厚厚的塑料垃圾覆盖。故选B。
25.C 句意:Shah所看到的一团糟是全球环境危机的一部分。A.temporary暂时的;B.permanent永久的;C.ugly丑陋的;D.pretty漂亮的。从文中的mess,global environmental crisis可知,这些垃圾是不好的。故选C。
26.A 句意:海洋中的塑料是杀手。A.killer杀手;B.cleaner清洁工;C.guest客人;D.decoration装饰品。根据常识可知选A。
27.B 句意:我们正在攻击它们的栖息地。A.sweeping打扫;B.attacking攻击;C.visiting参观;D.beautifying美化。从上文the sea species have no choice at all可知,塑料让海洋物种没有选择,人类正在破坏它们的栖息地。故选B。
28.C 句意:2015年10月,Shah开始每周六早上在沙滩捡塑料垃圾。A.pulling拉;B.thinking思考;C.picking捡;D.looking看。短语pick up意为“捡起”。故选C。
29.D 句意:消息传播开来,在媒体的帮助下,更多的志愿者参与了进来。A.came来到;B.failed失败;C.went走;D.spread传播。此处指消息传播,用spread,其他选项不符合语境。故选D。
30.A 句意见上一题。结合后文more than 200,000 volunteers可知,更多的志愿者参与了进来。短语get involved表示“参与”。故选A。
31.C 句意:对于Shah来说,这项工作一直是个人的历程,但它却获得了全世界的关注。A.easy容易的;B.tough艰难的;C.personal个人的;D.general一般的。从下文but it has earned global attention的转折可得线索,同时personal与global对应。故选C。
32.A 句意:在2016年被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号后,Shah几乎把所有的空闲时间都投入到了这项事业中。A.cause事业;B.case情况;C.position位置;D.fame名声。故选A。
33.D 句意:现在,这个任务他已经执行了209个周末,激励了20多万名志愿者加入到他被称作“世界上最大的海滩清理行动”中来,其中一些是年轻学生。A.requiring需要;B.rejecting拒绝;C.inviting邀请;D.inspiring鼓舞,激励。故选D。
34.B 句意:到2018年10月,Versova海滩终于干净了,Shah的清理工作扩展到另一个海滩,以及密斯河的一个河段和印度的其他地区。A.originally起初;B.finally终于;C.politically政治上;D.theoretically理论上。故选B。
35.B 句意:“这个世界说得太多了。我认为我们必须少说多做,”他在2019年10月接受美国有线电视新闻网的采访时说。A.fewer更少的;B.less更少地;C.better更好地;D.worse更坏地。本题less和后面的more对应,表示“少说多做”。故选B。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述了海洋在减缓全球变暖中扮演着重要角色,但海洋本身的平均升温速度比联合国五年前认为的要快40%,这将带来一些破坏性的影响。
36.Seen 考查过去分词。句意:从外太空看,地球是一个蓝色的星球,因为海洋覆盖了它超过70%的表面。Earth与see在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用see的过去分词seen作状语。故填Seen。
37.slowing 考查动名词。句意:根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新研究,海洋在减缓全球变暖方面发挥着重要作用。in为介词,后接动名词。故填slowing。
38.As 考查定语从句。句意:正如《纽约时报》所报道的,它是“一个重要的缓冲物”。此处应用as引导非限制性定语从句,as意为“正如”,指代后面的整个主句,作reported的宾语。故填As。
39.an 考查冠词。句意同上。buffer为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,且important以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
40.that/which 考查关系代词。句意:海洋可以吸收93%的被人类释放到大气中的温室气体所捕获的热量。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,greenhouse gases为先行词,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,所以用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。
41.is absorbed 考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意:另外7%被空气、陆地和冰盖吸收……。由上下文语境可知,本句为一般现在时,本句的主语the other 7 percent表示不可数概念,且与absorb之间为被动关系。故填is absorbed。
42.faster 考查副词比较级。句意:如果海洋没有吸收那么多热量,陆地表面的升温速度将比现在快得多……。由than可知,设空处填比较级faster。
43.believed 考查时态。句意:然而,正如《发现》所指出的,海洋自身的平均升温速度比联合国五年前认为的要快40%。由five years ago可知,than引导的从句用一般过去时。故填believed。
44.at 考查介词。句意:《卫报》报道:“那意味着如果海洋温度以这种速度上升,高水温将毁灭海洋生态系统,提高海平面,使飓风更具破坏性。”表示“以……速度”用介词at。at this speed以这个速度。故填at。
45.hurricanes 考查名词复数。句意同上。hurricane意为“飓风”,为可数名词,设空处前无限定词,结合语境可知此处应用复数名词hurricanes。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to hear that you want to buy some gifts for your mother that represent Chinese culture. And I am writing to give you some advice.
Personally, I think you should buy the following two gifts: Qipao and the Chinese knotting. Qipao, very beautiful traditional dress for Chinese women, can show the real beauty of a woman. I am sure your mother will like it very much. What's more, the Chinese knotting is also a good choice for you. It is usually hung in the sitting rooms or cars, which represents good luck.
Wish you a good vacation. Please give my best wishes to your family.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her. He saw her lie on the bed and recognized her at once. Her lovely face looked pale. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case. Luckily, after a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side.
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room. Hesitantly she took it. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she opened it, on the side of which a note caught her attention. She read these words. “Paid in full with a glass of milk,” signed Dr. Howard Kelly. Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently, “Thank you, God.”