人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Science Fiction 单元练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Science Fiction 单元练习（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-09-22 08:56:11 | ||
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UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 单元练习
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
How It Feels to Float
by Helena Fox
If you're looking for a moving story that explores themes of mental illness, grief, and love, pick up a copy of How It Feels to Float and follow Biz as she turns 18.This moving novel will stay with you long after you finish reading it.
Two Can Keep a Secret
by Karen M. McManus
Put on your crime-solving cap and get swept away in this thriller about a girl, a boy, and a string of unsolved murders.As threats and hints pile up, you'll be burning the midnight oil trying to finish the book before dawn.
Forest of a Thousand Lanterns
By Julie C. Dao
The first book in the Rise of the Empress series takes the bones of a traditional fairy tale—a poor girl fated to gain power, an evil queen determined to stop her, love for someone who doesn't love you back, and magic—and gives them a richly imagined East Asian setting.
Dune
by Frank Herbert
If the Star Wars movies have made you fall in love with the space opera, eventually you're going to read Frank Herbert's most famous creation.The story of centuries-old political plots—about warring factions(派系)battling for the control of the extremely valuable planet Arrakis—is a classic and remains a wonderful introduction to the larger, more complex world of science fiction just beyond the Star Wars trilogy.
1.What is How It Feels to Float about
A.The murder of a teenage girl.
B.A girl's space adventures.
C.Challenges of growing up.
D.How a poor girl was born with special powers.
2.What kind of book is Two Can Keep a Secret
A.A fairy tale. B.A science fiction story.
C.A love story. D.A detective story.
3.Which book is about the battle for the control of another planet
A.How It Feels to Float.
B.Two Can Keep a Secret.
C.Forest of a Thousand Lanterns.
D.Dune.
B
Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, turned over 200 years old! It has been called the first true work of science fiction and the first English horror novel.The story has been told over and over again—not just in books, but in movies and television shows.To celebrate, New York City's Morgan Library & Museum has a special exhibit on the writer and the book.
The reason for the success is that the biologist Frankenstein and his creature, the monster, live on in numerous remakes, shows, and even comic books.
Mary Shelley's classic is one of the most famous horror stories of all time.But Frankenstein is so much more than that.It presents ideas or themes that are still important today.Knowing something about her suffering can help readers have a good knowledge of her work.Shelley wrote the book when she was only 18 years old.And it relates to her own sad life.Her mother died 10 days after she gave birth to her.She knew what it meant to be a child without a mother. It is no surprise that Shelley wrote a story about a motherless creature, one that is very much alone in the world.
Losing her mother shortly after her birth in 1797 was only part of her life story. Mary Shelley gave birth to four children, but only one child survived to adulthood.
Around the age of 17, she fell in love with the poet Percy Shelley.The two writers got married in 1816. However, the marriage of Percy and Mary Shelley was short-lived. Her husband died in a sailing accident in 1822. She was still in her twenties when she became a widow. In some ways, it's not entirely surprising that she ended up with a story about a monster without a mother.
After the publication of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley continued to write.She died from brain cancer on February 1,1851. Her most important legacy is a monster that is still very much alive today.
4.What do we know about Frankenstein
A.It exists in different forms of art.
B.It is romantic fiction.
C.It is not popular with modern readers.
D.It has been made into the most interesting science fiction movie.
5.What did Shelley and the monster have in common
A.They were quite creative.
B.They felt lonely.
C.They had the same character.
D.They behaved badly at home.
6.Why did the author mention Shelley's suffering
A.To show pity for her.
B.To introduce her to readers.
C.To make readers understand her novel better.
D.To show her difficulty in writing the novel.
7.What is the main idea of the text
A.Success comes from the struggle.
B.Hardship creates a great person.
C.Shelley's experiences contribute to the success of Frankenstein.
D.Frankenstein comes into the market.
C
Fairy tales perform many functions.They entertain people, encourage imagination, help build up the quality of integrity and teach problem-solving skills.They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the danger of failing to follow the social codes(道德准则) that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology believe they have found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature.They believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity, which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology, including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called Quixote. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.Though sounding absurd, it really works.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line, it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine early, or it can steal the medicine and escape.Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
After being tested out, Quixote is shown to work best on a robot that has a very limited function.It's a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons to robots.We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive(努力) to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
8.What function do fairy tales perform in the robots
A.They entertain robots.
B.They highlight danger.
C.They make robots more intelligent.
D.They enable robots to behave morally.
9.What is Quixote in the text
A.A punishment system. B.A character in literature.
C.A big name in technology. D.A system of educating robots.
10.What do the designers expect the robot to do in the experiment
A.Take advantage of its privilege.
B.Finish the task most efficiently.
C.Perform with good manners.
D.Be rewarded by the storekeeper.
11.Which of the following can best express the author's opinion
A.Robots will definitely have more functions.
B.Robots with human emotions are perfect.
C.Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D.The development of robots is still in a baby step.
D
Nao, the first robot able to show feelings, has been created by a European research team.When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down.When he's happy, he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the ordinary, except that Nao is a robot.Actually, Nao is more like a human than a machine.
“We're modeling the first years of life,” says Lola Canamero, a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal(言语的) expressions.”
“In the future,” says the scientist, “robots are likely to act as companions, providing support for old people, including polishing nails, fetching objects for them, or shopping online. In such uses, the display of feelings will be important in making the interaction(交流) more natural and comfortable.”
Nao has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child.It can memorize faces and know the basic rules of good and evil. Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed, but Nao decides by itself when to display them.
Nao is also programmed to have different personalities.A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room, while a more timid (胆怯的) robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
Canamero's team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors, nurses and parents.Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.“We have an urge to explore different roles—the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their anxiety,” says the scientist.
12.According to the text, Nao .
A.displays different feelings in different situations
B.is able to imitate adults' emotional displays
C.can remember people's feelings
D.learns emotions from facial expressions
13.What does the underlined word “distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A.Courage. B.Anxiety. C.Anger. D.Satisfaction.
14.What can we learn from the text
A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to show Nao's emotions.
B.The time when Nao displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
15.What is the text mainly about
A.The relationship between humans and robots.
B.The roles that robots play in different fields.
C.The first robot able to show feelings.
D.The long history of robots.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any other century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. 16
As it turns out, scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter(物质) and of the universe. 17 Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.In turn, it makes people have a stronger urge to explore more about science.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will bring even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science(纯科学)—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning;in applied science(应用科学)—more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
18 The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind.The application of the technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction(大规模杀伤性武器) has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. 19 Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” 20 But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war
A.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.
B.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture.
C.Fortunately, science has brought us with the greatest.
D.It offers us less access to nature as well as social life.
E.The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.
F.Many things caused the changes, but in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
G.It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Leslie Morissette's son, Graham, was six years old when he was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病).Throughout Graham's treatment in the hospital, he connected with everyone he met, from 21 patients to younger children.“He would 22 his toys to other sick children or act silly to make them laugh,” Morissette said.“Graham's special spirit was what kept me 23 .He gave me the energy and the 24 to fight together with him.” In 1997, when he was eight years old, Graham passed away.
Inspired by how Graham lived his life caring about others, Morissette founded the 25 Grahamtastic Connection in his late son's honor.The organization provides free technology—including computers, tablets and robots—for children 26 against cancer or other serious illnesses.
One of the major goals of Morissette's work is to 27 kids to their classrooms.This helps them continue their education despite frequent hospitalization (住院治疗)and days 28 from school.
The robots “ 29 ” children right into the classroom in real time.They can 30 the robots right from their hospital beds or homes.If a child is unable to attend school, he can 31 turn on the tablet or laptop and 32 the robot. Children can walk up and down the school paths, and go to lunch with their friends.But the real magic happens 33 classes.The robots enable them to walk down the hallway with their friends, talking about their weekends, their favorite foods and other things.It's a really great 34 that gives children the feeling of control, when their world is maybe out of control.
“Every time I can help a child in need, I feel 35 Graham were smiling down,” Morissette said.“I believe that Graham's love lives on in the work that I do.And I'm proud and privileged to be able to do it in his honor.”
21.A.lonely B.elderly
C.daily D.lively
22.A.lend B.submit
C.return D.apply
23.A.laughing B.imagining
C.going D.lying
24.A.opinion B.warmth
C.strength D.direction
25.A.associated B.nonprofit
C.unconditional D.appointed
26.A.reacting B.guarding
C.going D.battling
27.A.invite B.show
C.connect D.limit
28.A.gained B.missed
C.suffered D.graduated
29.A.turn B.transform
C.exchange D.transport
30.A.build B.operate
C.teach D.separate
31.A.hardly B.randomly
C.mostly D.simply
32.A.call in B.catch on
C.give away D.leave behind
33.A.over B.during
C.between D.within
34.A.responsibility B.ability
C.personality D.technology
35.A.as though B.in case
C.even if D.so that
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world's first robot police officer started to work this week.
36 (it) name is RoboCop.It is part of the Dubai Police Force. RoboCop's first official job was to greet guests at a security conference. Apart from 37 (greet) visitors, it also answered questions and gave 38 (direct).RoboCop has a built-in tablet for people to interact with it, pay traffic fines and use other police services.The tablet 39 (link) to a police station, so people can talk to real police officers.The 170-centimetre-tall robot, 40 can shake hands, salute(敬礼) people and recognize people's emotions and 41 (face) expressions, speaks six languages.
RoboCop is the first of many robot police officers in Dubai. 42 (hopeful), 25 per cent of the Dubai Police Force will have been robots by 2030 and Dubai will have the first smart police station.No humans will work there.A spokesman said, “RoboCop is the latest smart 43 (add) to the police force and has been designed to help us fight crime, keep the city safe and improve happiness level.” RoboCop will also assist and help people in the malls 44 on the streets.An official at the security conference commented, “ 45 age of robots is no longer coming. It has arrived.”
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假如你是李华,想邀请你的朋友John在周六晚上去观看科幻电影The Wandering Earth,请用英语给他写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.发出邀请;
2.介绍电影(主题:保护人类共同的家园——地球;观众评价等);
3.请求回复。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear John,
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
David Aguilar is a boy born without his right arm.Because of that, Aguilar has always stood out from the persons at the same age.As a child, he was very nervous about being in front of other guys, because he thought that he was different.While growing up, Aguilar had to learn how to do everything with just one arm. Although he was able to do almost everything people with two arms could do, Aguilar explained that he still thought about getting a prosthetic(假体的)arm throughout his childhood so that he could look a little bit more normal and fit in with everyone else.
When Aguilar told his parents that those arms were cool because they were mechanical(机械的)and could make you look like a robot, his parents began thinking about buying a prosthetic arm for him. However, when Aguilar's parents started looking into getting their son a prosthetic arm, they discovered how expensive it was. And they couldn't afford to buy one for their son.
Yet when Aguilar was playing with his Lego at the age of nine, he started experimenting with building his own prosthetic arm.He didn't know it at the time, but his favorite toy was about to change the way he viewed himself, as well as changing the course of his life.At first, he just wanted to create something that could help him and be part of him.As he linked the blocks together around his arm, he just started making his prosthetic arm from Lego.When Aguilar looked at himself in the mirror for the first time with his Lego prosthetic arm, he was amazed by what he saw.
However, the arm wasn't the most strong and would often bend and break if he tried to do any heavy lifting with it.So almost ten years later, Aguilar set out to build himself a new prosthetic arm and he hoped to help more people who didn't have enough money to buy prosthetic arms.One day, one of his dad's friends gave him a Lego plane as a gift, but all he saw was an arm.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Since then, Aguilar has built two more models of his Lego arm.
Paragraph 2:
To help these people asking for help, Aguilar is studying bioengineering at university.
参考答案
1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C
8.D 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D
15.C 16.F 17.G 18.B 19.A 20.E 21.B
22.A 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.B
29.D 30.B 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.A
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本畅销小说。
1.C 细节理解题。根据How It Feels to Float部分中的内容可知,如果你正在寻找一个感人的探索精神疾病、悲伤和爱的主题的故事,可以选择How It Feels to Float这本书,跟着Biz走进她的成长世界。因此C项(成长的挑战)可以概括How It Feels to Float的内容,故选C。
2.D 推理判断题。根据Two Can Keep a Secret部分中的第一句可知,这是关于一个女孩、一个男孩和一系列未侦破的谋杀案的惊险小说。Two Can Keep a Secret属于侦探小说,故选D。fairy tale童话故事; science fiction story科幻故事; love story爱情故事;detective story侦探故事。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Dune部分的about warring factions battling for the control of the extremely valuable planet Arrakis可知Dune这部作品讲述了交战的派系争夺极具价值的阿拉基斯星球的控制权的故事。故选D。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了玛丽·雪莱的科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》,它存在于不同的艺术形式中,正是玛丽·雪莱的悲惨遭遇成就了这部经典作品。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The story has been told over and over again—not just in books, but in movies and television shows.可知,这个故事被一遍又一遍地讲述——不仅在书中,在电影和电视节目中也是如此。由此可知,《弗兰肯斯坦》存在于不同的艺术形式中,故选A。同时排除C。由文章首段第二句可知,《弗兰肯斯坦》是一部恐怖小说,故排除B项;D项“它被制作成最有趣的科幻电影”在文中未提及。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,这本书的创作和玛丽·雪莱的悲惨生活有关,她的母亲在生下她10天后去世了,她知道一个孩子没有母亲意味着什么,玛丽·雪莱创作了一个没有母亲的生物形象,它在世界上非常孤独。由此可知,玛丽·雪莱和怪物的共同之处是他们都感到孤独。故选B。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Knowing something about her suffering can help readers have a good knowledge of her work.可知作者提到玛丽·雪莱的苦难经历是为了让读者更好地理解她的作品。故选C。
7.C 主旨大意题。文章介绍了玛丽·雪莱的人生经历以及她创作的科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》。因此,这篇文章的主旨是玛丽·雪莱的经历促成了《弗兰肯斯坦》的成功。故选C。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员正在试验把童话故事应用于机器人,以指导它们的行为,使它们更加符合道德标准。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a team of researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology believe they have found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart可知,佐治亚理工学院的研究人员认为,他们已经找到了一种方法,可以将童话故事作为道德课程,让人工智能可以将它们带进它冰冷的机械心脏。所以童话故事可以使机器人表现得有道德。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的This system is called Quixote.It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.可知,Quixote用故事来教机器人如何表现得体,故Quixote是一个教育机器人的系统。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it.可知,机器人如果排队并礼貌地买药就会得到奖励,如果偷药就会受到惩罚;然后根据In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.可知,在实验中,设计者希望机器人学会在那种情况下有道德的行为方式。由此推断出设计者希望在实验中机器人的行为有礼貌。
11.C 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive(努力) to avoid unacceptable behavior.可知,作者认为训练机器人,使其被社会所接受是有必要的。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个能够通过姿势和动作表达情感的机器人Nao。研究团队希望能将这种情感程序运用在医学上,帮助缓解小孩在看医生时产生的焦虑。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down.When he s happy, he raises his arms for a hug.可知,Nao能在不同的情况下表达不同的情绪。
13.B 词义猜测题。courage勇气;anxiety焦虑,担心;anger生气;satisfaction满意。文中第五段提到一个独立的机器人在探索一个房间时很少寻求帮助。句中while意为“然而”,是一个并列连词,表示对比,由此可以判断,一个胆怯的机器人在一个房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出焦虑。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知,有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子感觉更舒服。
15.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句中的Nao, the first robot able to show feelings就点明了文章的主题,下文的内容都是围绕这个机器人的特性及将来会运用到的场景展开的,故C项正确。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了在20世纪,科学有了很大的进步。科学研究极大地开阔了我们的视野,给人类带来了更大的好处。但另一方面科学的创造力也被用来伤害人类。
16.F 根据第一段的The twentieth century saw greater changes than any other century before可知,该段的主题是关于二十世纪的种种变化;而F选项介绍的是作者认为科学的进步是引起众多变化的最重要的因素。由此判断F选项承接上文的话题,其中changes与上文中多次出现的changes属于词汇复现。
17.G 前句是介绍科学研究的好处,G选项也是介绍科研的好处,而且都是It开头的句子,其中It都是指代该段首句中的scientific research in physics and biology。故判断G选项内容符合语境。
18.B 第二段首句提到科学研究扩大我们的视野,第三段首句提到科学研究活动将给人类带来更大的好处;而第四段空后一句提到科学的创造力被用来伤害人类,由此推断该段话题与其前两段的话题为转折关系,纵观选项可知B选项内容符合语境, however表示话题出现转折, 故选B。
19.A 空前句提到研发和生产大规模杀伤性武器对人类的继续生存造成了威胁,由此推断空处内容仍然讲科学对人类的不利方面,由此推断A选项符合语境,以核武器为例进一步说明上一句的内容。故选A。
20.E 上句中提到William Shakespeare said,而E选项中也提到了Shakespeare said,进一步说明上文对科学应用的简要回顾似乎证明了莎士比亚所说的话。由此判断E选项内容承接上文。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了Leslie Morissette有感于儿子Graham生病时对他人的态度,在儿子去世后,建立了一个非营利组织,为与疾病作斗争的孩子免费提供电脑和机器人等技术物资的故事。
21.B 句意:在Graham在医院接受治疗的整个过程中,他与他遇到的每一个人都建立了良好的关系,从年长的病人到年幼的孩子。 lonely孤独的;elderly年长的;daily日常的;lively生气勃勃的。根据句意可知,Graham建立关系的对象是每个他遇到的人,和“younger”对应的是“elderly”,故选B项。
22.A 句意:Morissette说:“他会把玩具借给其他生病的孩子,或者装傻逗他们笑。”lend借出;submit提交;return返回;apply申请。根据or act silly to make them laugh可知,Graham会关心那些生病的孩子,会逗他们开心,所以也会把自己的玩具借给他们。故选A项。
23.C 句意:Graham的特殊精神是我前进的动力。laugh笑;imagine想象;go去,去从事;lie撒谎。根据下文Morissette所做的事可知,Graham的精神促使“我”继续前进。故选C项。
24.C 句意:他给了我与他一起战斗的精力和力量。 opinion意见;warmth温暖;strength力量;direction方向。根据句中“He gave me the energy”可知,设空处与and前的energy并列,意义一致。故选C项。
25.B 受到Graham关爱他人的生活方式的启发,为了纪念已故的儿子,Morissette成立了一家非营利组织。associated相关的;nonprofit非营利的;unconditional无条件的;appointed指定的。根据“The organization provides free technology—including computers...”可知该组织为与疾病作斗争的孩子提供免费技术,包括电脑等,因此该组织是个非营利组织。故选B项。
26.D 这家机构为与疾病作斗争的孩子免费提供电脑、平板电脑和机器人等技术物资。react反应;guard守卫;go走,进行;battle斗争。根据上下文可知Leslie Morissette因为被儿子Graham乐于助人的精神鼓舞,所以在尽力帮助那些生病的孩子。故此处是指与疾病作斗争的孩子。故选D项。
27.C 句意:Morissette工作的主要目标之一就是把孩子们和教室联系起来。invite邀请;show展示;connect连接;limit限制。根据下文“This helps them continue their education...”可知这有助于他们在频繁住院和缺课太多的情况下继续接受教育。由此可知,Morissette是要通过科技为这些孩子建立和教室之间的联系,帮助他们在无法去学校的情况下学习。故选C项。
28.B gain获得;miss错过;suffer受苦;graduate毕业。 根据前面的“frequent hospitalization”可知,这些孩子需要经常住院,所以会经常缺课。故选B项。
29.D 句意:这些机器人实时将孩子们直接“运送”到教室。turn转动;transform使改观;exchange交换;transport运输,运送。生病的孩子是没办法去教室上课的,而Morissette通过科技为这些孩子建立了和教室间的联系,即使用科技手段用另一种形式把孩子们“运送”到教室里,让他们可以在病床上或家里通过操作机器人来上课。故选D项。
30.B 句意:他们可以直接在病床上或家里操作机器人。build建造;operate操作;teach教;separate分离。 根据下文可知孩子们可以用他们的平板电脑或笔记本电脑来操作机器人。故选B项。
31.D 如果孩子不能去上学,他只需打开平板电脑或笔记本电脑,然后召唤机器人。hardly几乎没有;randomly随机地;mostly大部分;simply只,仅仅。根据上下文可知,只需要打开平板电脑或笔记本电脑便可以操纵机器人。故选D项。
32.A call in叫来;catch on明白,流行;give away赠送,泄露;leave behind超过。根据文章可知,机器人可以帮孩子“进入”教室,孩子通过电脑操纵机器人,因此是打开电脑后找机器人帮忙。故选A项。
33.C 句意:但真正的魔力发生在课间。over在……上面;during在……期间;between介于……之间;within在……之内。根据下一句可知,孩子们可以通过机器人和同学畅聊等,这些事应该是发生在课间。故选C项。
34.D 句意:这是一种很棒的技术,在他们的世界可能不在他们的控制之中的时候给了孩子们控制感。responsibility责任;ability能力;personality个性;technology技术。根据前文“The organization provides free technology”可知孩子们通过笔记本电脑或平板电脑操控机器人是这个组织提供的免费技术,故此处是说这项科技很棒。故选D项。
35.A 句意:每次我能帮助一个需要帮助的孩子时,我都会觉得Graham在向下面微笑。as though好像;in case以防;even if即使;so that为了。Graham已经去世,此处用了虚拟语气,表示“好像”。故选A项。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一位机器人警察Robocop。它可以说六种语言,还会握手、敬礼等。
36.Its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:它的名字叫机械战警。分析句子结构可知此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。空处位于句首,故填Its。
37.greeting 考查动名词。句意:除了接待游客,它还回答问题和指路。apart from意为“除了……之外(还)”,为介词短语,其后接名词或动名词。故填greeting。
38.directions 考查名词及其单复数。句意同上。由空前的gave可知,此处应用 direct的名词形式。direction作“(如何到达某地的)指引”讲时常用复数形式。故填directions。
39.is linked 考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意:平板电脑与警察局相连,所以人们可以和真的警察交谈。根据语境可知,此处表述一般事实,应用一般现在时;tablet表示单数概念且与link之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态。故填is linked。
40.which 考查定语从句。句意:这个身高170厘米的机器人会握手、向人敬礼、识别人的情绪和面部表情,它会说六种语言。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为robot,指物,故填which。
41.facial 考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作定语,修饰后面的 expressions。故填facial。
42.Hopefully 考查副词。句意:到2030年,机器人有望占据迪拜警力的25%,迪拜将拥有首个智能警察局。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子。故填Hopefully。
43.addition 考查名词。句意:机械战警是警察部队中最新添加的智能装备,其设计目的是帮助我们打击犯罪,保障城市安全,并提高幸福水平。形容词后接名词。addition意为“增加物”。故填 addition。
44.or/and 考查连词。句意:它也会帮助在商场或/和街上的人们。根据语境可知,此处表示选择或并列,故用连词or或and。
45.The 考查冠词。句意:机器人时代不再是即将到来了。此处特指机器人时代,所以用定冠词。故填The。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear John,
Knowing that you are interested in science fiction, I’d like to invite you to see a film this weekend. The Wandering Earth is on these days, whose theme is to save the earth and protect our common home.The movie audiences describe it as a breakthrough in the Chinese film industry and it has received a wide range of positive reviews so far.
Shall we go to watch the film if you are available How about this Saturday evening Please contact me at your earliest convenience so that I can book the tickets in advance.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Since then, Aguilar has built two more models of his Lego arm. He spent lots of time trying to improve each model. Now, his prosthetic arm is so strong that he can lift heavy objects and even do push-ups with it. Since news of his Lego arms spread around the world, Aguilar has been contacted by people asking him to build them their own Lego prosthetic arms.Although he wants to help, he has limited knowledge.
Paragraph 2:
To help these people asking for help, Aguilar is studying bioengineering at university. He works very hard at university and his dream is to make affordable prosthetic arms for people around the world. Until now, Aguilar has achieved much progress and he has helped dozens of people having the same problem as him.He wants to show others that a disability won t stop one from accomplishing his or her dreams.After graduation, Aguilar plans to set up a company which aims to produce the prosthetic arms that most people can afford.
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
How It Feels to Float
by Helena Fox
If you're looking for a moving story that explores themes of mental illness, grief, and love, pick up a copy of How It Feels to Float and follow Biz as she turns 18.This moving novel will stay with you long after you finish reading it.
Two Can Keep a Secret
by Karen M. McManus
Put on your crime-solving cap and get swept away in this thriller about a girl, a boy, and a string of unsolved murders.As threats and hints pile up, you'll be burning the midnight oil trying to finish the book before dawn.
Forest of a Thousand Lanterns
By Julie C. Dao
The first book in the Rise of the Empress series takes the bones of a traditional fairy tale—a poor girl fated to gain power, an evil queen determined to stop her, love for someone who doesn't love you back, and magic—and gives them a richly imagined East Asian setting.
Dune
by Frank Herbert
If the Star Wars movies have made you fall in love with the space opera, eventually you're going to read Frank Herbert's most famous creation.The story of centuries-old political plots—about warring factions(派系)battling for the control of the extremely valuable planet Arrakis—is a classic and remains a wonderful introduction to the larger, more complex world of science fiction just beyond the Star Wars trilogy.
1.What is How It Feels to Float about
A.The murder of a teenage girl.
B.A girl's space adventures.
C.Challenges of growing up.
D.How a poor girl was born with special powers.
2.What kind of book is Two Can Keep a Secret
A.A fairy tale. B.A science fiction story.
C.A love story. D.A detective story.
3.Which book is about the battle for the control of another planet
A.How It Feels to Float.
B.Two Can Keep a Secret.
C.Forest of a Thousand Lanterns.
D.Dune.
B
Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, turned over 200 years old! It has been called the first true work of science fiction and the first English horror novel.The story has been told over and over again—not just in books, but in movies and television shows.To celebrate, New York City's Morgan Library & Museum has a special exhibit on the writer and the book.
The reason for the success is that the biologist Frankenstein and his creature, the monster, live on in numerous remakes, shows, and even comic books.
Mary Shelley's classic is one of the most famous horror stories of all time.But Frankenstein is so much more than that.It presents ideas or themes that are still important today.Knowing something about her suffering can help readers have a good knowledge of her work.Shelley wrote the book when she was only 18 years old.And it relates to her own sad life.Her mother died 10 days after she gave birth to her.She knew what it meant to be a child without a mother. It is no surprise that Shelley wrote a story about a motherless creature, one that is very much alone in the world.
Losing her mother shortly after her birth in 1797 was only part of her life story. Mary Shelley gave birth to four children, but only one child survived to adulthood.
Around the age of 17, she fell in love with the poet Percy Shelley.The two writers got married in 1816. However, the marriage of Percy and Mary Shelley was short-lived. Her husband died in a sailing accident in 1822. She was still in her twenties when she became a widow. In some ways, it's not entirely surprising that she ended up with a story about a monster without a mother.
After the publication of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley continued to write.She died from brain cancer on February 1,1851. Her most important legacy is a monster that is still very much alive today.
4.What do we know about Frankenstein
A.It exists in different forms of art.
B.It is romantic fiction.
C.It is not popular with modern readers.
D.It has been made into the most interesting science fiction movie.
5.What did Shelley and the monster have in common
A.They were quite creative.
B.They felt lonely.
C.They had the same character.
D.They behaved badly at home.
6.Why did the author mention Shelley's suffering
A.To show pity for her.
B.To introduce her to readers.
C.To make readers understand her novel better.
D.To show her difficulty in writing the novel.
7.What is the main idea of the text
A.Success comes from the struggle.
B.Hardship creates a great person.
C.Shelley's experiences contribute to the success of Frankenstein.
D.Frankenstein comes into the market.
C
Fairy tales perform many functions.They entertain people, encourage imagination, help build up the quality of integrity and teach problem-solving skills.They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the danger of failing to follow the social codes(道德准则) that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology believe they have found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature.They believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity, which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology, including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called Quixote. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.Though sounding absurd, it really works.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line, it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine early, or it can steal the medicine and escape.Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
After being tested out, Quixote is shown to work best on a robot that has a very limited function.It's a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons to robots.We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive(努力) to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
8.What function do fairy tales perform in the robots
A.They entertain robots.
B.They highlight danger.
C.They make robots more intelligent.
D.They enable robots to behave morally.
9.What is Quixote in the text
A.A punishment system. B.A character in literature.
C.A big name in technology. D.A system of educating robots.
10.What do the designers expect the robot to do in the experiment
A.Take advantage of its privilege.
B.Finish the task most efficiently.
C.Perform with good manners.
D.Be rewarded by the storekeeper.
11.Which of the following can best express the author's opinion
A.Robots will definitely have more functions.
B.Robots with human emotions are perfect.
C.Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D.The development of robots is still in a baby step.
D
Nao, the first robot able to show feelings, has been created by a European research team.When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down.When he's happy, he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the ordinary, except that Nao is a robot.Actually, Nao is more like a human than a machine.
“We're modeling the first years of life,” says Lola Canamero, a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal(言语的) expressions.”
“In the future,” says the scientist, “robots are likely to act as companions, providing support for old people, including polishing nails, fetching objects for them, or shopping online. In such uses, the display of feelings will be important in making the interaction(交流) more natural and comfortable.”
Nao has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child.It can memorize faces and know the basic rules of good and evil. Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed, but Nao decides by itself when to display them.
Nao is also programmed to have different personalities.A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room, while a more timid (胆怯的) robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
Canamero's team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors, nurses and parents.Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.“We have an urge to explore different roles—the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their anxiety,” says the scientist.
12.According to the text, Nao .
A.displays different feelings in different situations
B.is able to imitate adults' emotional displays
C.can remember people's feelings
D.learns emotions from facial expressions
13.What does the underlined word “distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A.Courage. B.Anxiety. C.Anger. D.Satisfaction.
14.What can we learn from the text
A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to show Nao's emotions.
B.The time when Nao displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
15.What is the text mainly about
A.The relationship between humans and robots.
B.The roles that robots play in different fields.
C.The first robot able to show feelings.
D.The long history of robots.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any other century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. 16
As it turns out, scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter(物质) and of the universe. 17 Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.In turn, it makes people have a stronger urge to explore more about science.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will bring even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science(纯科学)—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning;in applied science(应用科学)—more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
18 The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind.The application of the technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction(大规模杀伤性武器) has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. 19 Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” 20 But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war
A.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.
B.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture.
C.Fortunately, science has brought us with the greatest.
D.It offers us less access to nature as well as social life.
E.The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.
F.Many things caused the changes, but in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
G.It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Leslie Morissette's son, Graham, was six years old when he was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病).Throughout Graham's treatment in the hospital, he connected with everyone he met, from 21 patients to younger children.“He would 22 his toys to other sick children or act silly to make them laugh,” Morissette said.“Graham's special spirit was what kept me 23 .He gave me the energy and the 24 to fight together with him.” In 1997, when he was eight years old, Graham passed away.
Inspired by how Graham lived his life caring about others, Morissette founded the 25 Grahamtastic Connection in his late son's honor.The organization provides free technology—including computers, tablets and robots—for children 26 against cancer or other serious illnesses.
One of the major goals of Morissette's work is to 27 kids to their classrooms.This helps them continue their education despite frequent hospitalization (住院治疗)and days 28 from school.
The robots “ 29 ” children right into the classroom in real time.They can 30 the robots right from their hospital beds or homes.If a child is unable to attend school, he can 31 turn on the tablet or laptop and 32 the robot. Children can walk up and down the school paths, and go to lunch with their friends.But the real magic happens 33 classes.The robots enable them to walk down the hallway with their friends, talking about their weekends, their favorite foods and other things.It's a really great 34 that gives children the feeling of control, when their world is maybe out of control.
“Every time I can help a child in need, I feel 35 Graham were smiling down,” Morissette said.“I believe that Graham's love lives on in the work that I do.And I'm proud and privileged to be able to do it in his honor.”
21.A.lonely B.elderly
C.daily D.lively
22.A.lend B.submit
C.return D.apply
23.A.laughing B.imagining
C.going D.lying
24.A.opinion B.warmth
C.strength D.direction
25.A.associated B.nonprofit
C.unconditional D.appointed
26.A.reacting B.guarding
C.going D.battling
27.A.invite B.show
C.connect D.limit
28.A.gained B.missed
C.suffered D.graduated
29.A.turn B.transform
C.exchange D.transport
30.A.build B.operate
C.teach D.separate
31.A.hardly B.randomly
C.mostly D.simply
32.A.call in B.catch on
C.give away D.leave behind
33.A.over B.during
C.between D.within
34.A.responsibility B.ability
C.personality D.technology
35.A.as though B.in case
C.even if D.so that
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world's first robot police officer started to work this week.
36 (it) name is RoboCop.It is part of the Dubai Police Force. RoboCop's first official job was to greet guests at a security conference. Apart from 37 (greet) visitors, it also answered questions and gave 38 (direct).RoboCop has a built-in tablet for people to interact with it, pay traffic fines and use other police services.The tablet 39 (link) to a police station, so people can talk to real police officers.The 170-centimetre-tall robot, 40 can shake hands, salute(敬礼) people and recognize people's emotions and 41 (face) expressions, speaks six languages.
RoboCop is the first of many robot police officers in Dubai. 42 (hopeful), 25 per cent of the Dubai Police Force will have been robots by 2030 and Dubai will have the first smart police station.No humans will work there.A spokesman said, “RoboCop is the latest smart 43 (add) to the police force and has been designed to help us fight crime, keep the city safe and improve happiness level.” RoboCop will also assist and help people in the malls 44 on the streets.An official at the security conference commented, “ 45 age of robots is no longer coming. It has arrived.”
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假如你是李华,想邀请你的朋友John在周六晚上去观看科幻电影The Wandering Earth,请用英语给他写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.发出邀请;
2.介绍电影(主题:保护人类共同的家园——地球;观众评价等);
3.请求回复。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear John,
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
David Aguilar is a boy born without his right arm.Because of that, Aguilar has always stood out from the persons at the same age.As a child, he was very nervous about being in front of other guys, because he thought that he was different.While growing up, Aguilar had to learn how to do everything with just one arm. Although he was able to do almost everything people with two arms could do, Aguilar explained that he still thought about getting a prosthetic(假体的)arm throughout his childhood so that he could look a little bit more normal and fit in with everyone else.
When Aguilar told his parents that those arms were cool because they were mechanical(机械的)and could make you look like a robot, his parents began thinking about buying a prosthetic arm for him. However, when Aguilar's parents started looking into getting their son a prosthetic arm, they discovered how expensive it was. And they couldn't afford to buy one for their son.
Yet when Aguilar was playing with his Lego at the age of nine, he started experimenting with building his own prosthetic arm.He didn't know it at the time, but his favorite toy was about to change the way he viewed himself, as well as changing the course of his life.At first, he just wanted to create something that could help him and be part of him.As he linked the blocks together around his arm, he just started making his prosthetic arm from Lego.When Aguilar looked at himself in the mirror for the first time with his Lego prosthetic arm, he was amazed by what he saw.
However, the arm wasn't the most strong and would often bend and break if he tried to do any heavy lifting with it.So almost ten years later, Aguilar set out to build himself a new prosthetic arm and he hoped to help more people who didn't have enough money to buy prosthetic arms.One day, one of his dad's friends gave him a Lego plane as a gift, but all he saw was an arm.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Since then, Aguilar has built two more models of his Lego arm.
Paragraph 2:
To help these people asking for help, Aguilar is studying bioengineering at university.
参考答案
1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C
8.D 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D
15.C 16.F 17.G 18.B 19.A 20.E 21.B
22.A 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.B
29.D 30.B 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.A
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本畅销小说。
1.C 细节理解题。根据How It Feels to Float部分中的内容可知,如果你正在寻找一个感人的探索精神疾病、悲伤和爱的主题的故事,可以选择How It Feels to Float这本书,跟着Biz走进她的成长世界。因此C项(成长的挑战)可以概括How It Feels to Float的内容,故选C。
2.D 推理判断题。根据Two Can Keep a Secret部分中的第一句可知,这是关于一个女孩、一个男孩和一系列未侦破的谋杀案的惊险小说。Two Can Keep a Secret属于侦探小说,故选D。fairy tale童话故事; science fiction story科幻故事; love story爱情故事;detective story侦探故事。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Dune部分的about warring factions battling for the control of the extremely valuable planet Arrakis可知Dune这部作品讲述了交战的派系争夺极具价值的阿拉基斯星球的控制权的故事。故选D。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了玛丽·雪莱的科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》,它存在于不同的艺术形式中,正是玛丽·雪莱的悲惨遭遇成就了这部经典作品。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The story has been told over and over again—not just in books, but in movies and television shows.可知,这个故事被一遍又一遍地讲述——不仅在书中,在电影和电视节目中也是如此。由此可知,《弗兰肯斯坦》存在于不同的艺术形式中,故选A。同时排除C。由文章首段第二句可知,《弗兰肯斯坦》是一部恐怖小说,故排除B项;D项“它被制作成最有趣的科幻电影”在文中未提及。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,这本书的创作和玛丽·雪莱的悲惨生活有关,她的母亲在生下她10天后去世了,她知道一个孩子没有母亲意味着什么,玛丽·雪莱创作了一个没有母亲的生物形象,它在世界上非常孤独。由此可知,玛丽·雪莱和怪物的共同之处是他们都感到孤独。故选B。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Knowing something about her suffering can help readers have a good knowledge of her work.可知作者提到玛丽·雪莱的苦难经历是为了让读者更好地理解她的作品。故选C。
7.C 主旨大意题。文章介绍了玛丽·雪莱的人生经历以及她创作的科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》。因此,这篇文章的主旨是玛丽·雪莱的经历促成了《弗兰肯斯坦》的成功。故选C。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员正在试验把童话故事应用于机器人,以指导它们的行为,使它们更加符合道德标准。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a team of researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology believe they have found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart可知,佐治亚理工学院的研究人员认为,他们已经找到了一种方法,可以将童话故事作为道德课程,让人工智能可以将它们带进它冰冷的机械心脏。所以童话故事可以使机器人表现得有道德。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的This system is called Quixote.It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.可知,Quixote用故事来教机器人如何表现得体,故Quixote是一个教育机器人的系统。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it.可知,机器人如果排队并礼貌地买药就会得到奖励,如果偷药就会受到惩罚;然后根据In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.可知,在实验中,设计者希望机器人学会在那种情况下有道德的行为方式。由此推断出设计者希望在实验中机器人的行为有礼貌。
11.C 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive(努力) to avoid unacceptable behavior.可知,作者认为训练机器人,使其被社会所接受是有必要的。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个能够通过姿势和动作表达情感的机器人Nao。研究团队希望能将这种情感程序运用在医学上,帮助缓解小孩在看医生时产生的焦虑。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down.When he s happy, he raises his arms for a hug.可知,Nao能在不同的情况下表达不同的情绪。
13.B 词义猜测题。courage勇气;anxiety焦虑,担心;anger生气;satisfaction满意。文中第五段提到一个独立的机器人在探索一个房间时很少寻求帮助。句中while意为“然而”,是一个并列连词,表示对比,由此可以判断,一个胆怯的机器人在一个房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出焦虑。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知,有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子感觉更舒服。
15.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句中的Nao, the first robot able to show feelings就点明了文章的主题,下文的内容都是围绕这个机器人的特性及将来会运用到的场景展开的,故C项正确。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了在20世纪,科学有了很大的进步。科学研究极大地开阔了我们的视野,给人类带来了更大的好处。但另一方面科学的创造力也被用来伤害人类。
16.F 根据第一段的The twentieth century saw greater changes than any other century before可知,该段的主题是关于二十世纪的种种变化;而F选项介绍的是作者认为科学的进步是引起众多变化的最重要的因素。由此判断F选项承接上文的话题,其中changes与上文中多次出现的changes属于词汇复现。
17.G 前句是介绍科学研究的好处,G选项也是介绍科研的好处,而且都是It开头的句子,其中It都是指代该段首句中的scientific research in physics and biology。故判断G选项内容符合语境。
18.B 第二段首句提到科学研究扩大我们的视野,第三段首句提到科学研究活动将给人类带来更大的好处;而第四段空后一句提到科学的创造力被用来伤害人类,由此推断该段话题与其前两段的话题为转折关系,纵观选项可知B选项内容符合语境, however表示话题出现转折, 故选B。
19.A 空前句提到研发和生产大规模杀伤性武器对人类的继续生存造成了威胁,由此推断空处内容仍然讲科学对人类的不利方面,由此推断A选项符合语境,以核武器为例进一步说明上一句的内容。故选A。
20.E 上句中提到William Shakespeare said,而E选项中也提到了Shakespeare said,进一步说明上文对科学应用的简要回顾似乎证明了莎士比亚所说的话。由此判断E选项内容承接上文。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了Leslie Morissette有感于儿子Graham生病时对他人的态度,在儿子去世后,建立了一个非营利组织,为与疾病作斗争的孩子免费提供电脑和机器人等技术物资的故事。
21.B 句意:在Graham在医院接受治疗的整个过程中,他与他遇到的每一个人都建立了良好的关系,从年长的病人到年幼的孩子。 lonely孤独的;elderly年长的;daily日常的;lively生气勃勃的。根据句意可知,Graham建立关系的对象是每个他遇到的人,和“younger”对应的是“elderly”,故选B项。
22.A 句意:Morissette说:“他会把玩具借给其他生病的孩子,或者装傻逗他们笑。”lend借出;submit提交;return返回;apply申请。根据or act silly to make them laugh可知,Graham会关心那些生病的孩子,会逗他们开心,所以也会把自己的玩具借给他们。故选A项。
23.C 句意:Graham的特殊精神是我前进的动力。laugh笑;imagine想象;go去,去从事;lie撒谎。根据下文Morissette所做的事可知,Graham的精神促使“我”继续前进。故选C项。
24.C 句意:他给了我与他一起战斗的精力和力量。 opinion意见;warmth温暖;strength力量;direction方向。根据句中“He gave me the energy”可知,设空处与and前的energy并列,意义一致。故选C项。
25.B 受到Graham关爱他人的生活方式的启发,为了纪念已故的儿子,Morissette成立了一家非营利组织。associated相关的;nonprofit非营利的;unconditional无条件的;appointed指定的。根据“The organization provides free technology—including computers...”可知该组织为与疾病作斗争的孩子提供免费技术,包括电脑等,因此该组织是个非营利组织。故选B项。
26.D 这家机构为与疾病作斗争的孩子免费提供电脑、平板电脑和机器人等技术物资。react反应;guard守卫;go走,进行;battle斗争。根据上下文可知Leslie Morissette因为被儿子Graham乐于助人的精神鼓舞,所以在尽力帮助那些生病的孩子。故此处是指与疾病作斗争的孩子。故选D项。
27.C 句意:Morissette工作的主要目标之一就是把孩子们和教室联系起来。invite邀请;show展示;connect连接;limit限制。根据下文“This helps them continue their education...”可知这有助于他们在频繁住院和缺课太多的情况下继续接受教育。由此可知,Morissette是要通过科技为这些孩子建立和教室之间的联系,帮助他们在无法去学校的情况下学习。故选C项。
28.B gain获得;miss错过;suffer受苦;graduate毕业。 根据前面的“frequent hospitalization”可知,这些孩子需要经常住院,所以会经常缺课。故选B项。
29.D 句意:这些机器人实时将孩子们直接“运送”到教室。turn转动;transform使改观;exchange交换;transport运输,运送。生病的孩子是没办法去教室上课的,而Morissette通过科技为这些孩子建立了和教室间的联系,即使用科技手段用另一种形式把孩子们“运送”到教室里,让他们可以在病床上或家里通过操作机器人来上课。故选D项。
30.B 句意:他们可以直接在病床上或家里操作机器人。build建造;operate操作;teach教;separate分离。 根据下文可知孩子们可以用他们的平板电脑或笔记本电脑来操作机器人。故选B项。
31.D 如果孩子不能去上学,他只需打开平板电脑或笔记本电脑,然后召唤机器人。hardly几乎没有;randomly随机地;mostly大部分;simply只,仅仅。根据上下文可知,只需要打开平板电脑或笔记本电脑便可以操纵机器人。故选D项。
32.A call in叫来;catch on明白,流行;give away赠送,泄露;leave behind超过。根据文章可知,机器人可以帮孩子“进入”教室,孩子通过电脑操纵机器人,因此是打开电脑后找机器人帮忙。故选A项。
33.C 句意:但真正的魔力发生在课间。over在……上面;during在……期间;between介于……之间;within在……之内。根据下一句可知,孩子们可以通过机器人和同学畅聊等,这些事应该是发生在课间。故选C项。
34.D 句意:这是一种很棒的技术,在他们的世界可能不在他们的控制之中的时候给了孩子们控制感。responsibility责任;ability能力;personality个性;technology技术。根据前文“The organization provides free technology”可知孩子们通过笔记本电脑或平板电脑操控机器人是这个组织提供的免费技术,故此处是说这项科技很棒。故选D项。
35.A 句意:每次我能帮助一个需要帮助的孩子时,我都会觉得Graham在向下面微笑。as though好像;in case以防;even if即使;so that为了。Graham已经去世,此处用了虚拟语气,表示“好像”。故选A项。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一位机器人警察Robocop。它可以说六种语言,还会握手、敬礼等。
36.Its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:它的名字叫机械战警。分析句子结构可知此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。空处位于句首,故填Its。
37.greeting 考查动名词。句意:除了接待游客,它还回答问题和指路。apart from意为“除了……之外(还)”,为介词短语,其后接名词或动名词。故填greeting。
38.directions 考查名词及其单复数。句意同上。由空前的gave可知,此处应用 direct的名词形式。direction作“(如何到达某地的)指引”讲时常用复数形式。故填directions。
39.is linked 考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意:平板电脑与警察局相连,所以人们可以和真的警察交谈。根据语境可知,此处表述一般事实,应用一般现在时;tablet表示单数概念且与link之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态。故填is linked。
40.which 考查定语从句。句意:这个身高170厘米的机器人会握手、向人敬礼、识别人的情绪和面部表情,它会说六种语言。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为robot,指物,故填which。
41.facial 考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作定语,修饰后面的 expressions。故填facial。
42.Hopefully 考查副词。句意:到2030年,机器人有望占据迪拜警力的25%,迪拜将拥有首个智能警察局。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子。故填Hopefully。
43.addition 考查名词。句意:机械战警是警察部队中最新添加的智能装备,其设计目的是帮助我们打击犯罪,保障城市安全,并提高幸福水平。形容词后接名词。addition意为“增加物”。故填 addition。
44.or/and 考查连词。句意:它也会帮助在商场或/和街上的人们。根据语境可知,此处表示选择或并列,故用连词or或and。
45.The 考查冠词。句意:机器人时代不再是即将到来了。此处特指机器人时代,所以用定冠词。故填The。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear John,
Knowing that you are interested in science fiction, I’d like to invite you to see a film this weekend. The Wandering Earth is on these days, whose theme is to save the earth and protect our common home.The movie audiences describe it as a breakthrough in the Chinese film industry and it has received a wide range of positive reviews so far.
Shall we go to watch the film if you are available How about this Saturday evening Please contact me at your earliest convenience so that I can book the tickets in advance.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Since then, Aguilar has built two more models of his Lego arm. He spent lots of time trying to improve each model. Now, his prosthetic arm is so strong that he can lift heavy objects and even do push-ups with it. Since news of his Lego arms spread around the world, Aguilar has been contacted by people asking him to build them their own Lego prosthetic arms.Although he wants to help, he has limited knowledge.
Paragraph 2:
To help these people asking for help, Aguilar is studying bioengineering at university. He works very hard at university and his dream is to make affordable prosthetic arms for people around the world. Until now, Aguilar has achieved much progress and he has helped dozens of people having the same problem as him.He wants to show others that a disability won t stop one from accomplishing his or her dreams.After graduation, Aguilar plans to set up a company which aims to produce the prosthetic arms that most people can afford.