(共20张PPT)
summary
Requirements
A good summary should _______.
20’— 25’(五档)
理解准确,涵盖全部要点
能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇
有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,所完成的概要结构紧凑
完全使用自己的语言
The article is a(an)___________.
A. exposition (说明文)(to explain)
B. argumentation(议论文)(to argue)
C. narration (记叙文)(to tell a story)
conclusion
Step 1 Skim the passage to get a first impression
Style, topic, structure
Topic:
Why can’t Chinese students speak
English correctly and fluently
Tip 1:The first sentence matters!!!
The topic–reasons–effects–solutions–conclusion
Para. 1
Many Chinese students have studied English for ten years or so, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles that have caused this to happen. The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit of mentally translating from Chinese to English and then changing these thoughts into spoken words and sentences. Many of these difficulties are caused by the way Chinese people study and learn the language.
The problem
The reasons
Step 2:Key sentences or key words for each paragraph
The problem
Several reasons
Chinese students
can’t
Speak English
correctly and fluently
The fear
The learning habit
Structure
Para. 1
Many Chinese students have studied English for ten years or so, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles that have caused this to happen. The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit of mentally translating from Chinese to English and then changing these thoughts into spoken words and sentences. Many of these difficulties are caused by the way Chinese people study and learn the language.
The problem
The reasons
Step 2:Key sentences or key words for each paragraph
Tip3: the transitional words(连接词)
In one’s opinion, the main, another, however, but, besides, therefore…
The relationship
The problem
The several reasons
Chinese students
can’t
Speak English
correctly and fluently
The fear
The learning habit
Structure
Tip3: the transitional words(连接词)
In one’s opinion, the main, another, however, but, besides, therefore…
Para. 2
We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning a second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. Learning to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child develops. How does a child learn the language He listens for a time and then he tries to repeat the words. Parents give great praise for the smallest effort and the lightest improvement. Therefore, the child develops courage and is excited about learning. It takes a long time before he knows something about …
Grammar,pelling or formal sentence structures.
The advice of correct way to learn
We must learn to speak as a child does
How does a child learn the language
The child
The parent
listen
repeat
Praise
Encourage
Structure
Para. 3
What should the language teachers do They should avoid criticism and be generous with praise. Criticism or pointing out faults too often causes students to lose self-confidence and develop a fear of speaking. The best way to motivate a student is using praise.
The advice for the teachers
Para. 4
The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. When most Chinese people are asked how their English is, or they are told their English is very good, they immediately respond by saying, “Oh, my English is very poor.” If you say this to yourself often enough, you will believe it. When someone compliments you, just say “thank you”.
Another advice for the students
Self -esteem
Self -confidence
Structure
①
②
③
④
①
②
③
④
①
②
③
④
Problem
Reasons
The correct way to learn
for the teachers
Another one for the students
Tip2: understand the passage as a whole
to get the structure
advice
Many Chinese students have studied English for ten years or so, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles … The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit …
Para. 1
How to rewrite in your own words
Step 3: Rewrite the main ideas
Use synonyms (近义词)
Change part of speech(词性)
Summarize examples(概括)
Change the subject(主被动语态)
Combine sentences(合并句子)
Change the sentence structure(句型转换)
Tips
Words
sentences
Many Chinese students have studied English for ten years or so, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles … The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit …
Para. 1
Mainly caused by fear and improper learning habit, many Chinese students still find it difficult to speak English even after ten years’ learning.
Para. 2
We must learn to speak as a child does. How … ,listen, repeat, the parents, praise, encourage
we should learn as a child who learns by listening and repeating, encouraged and praised by parents.
Para. 3
What should the language teachers do They should avoid criticism and be generous with praise The best way to motivate …
Teachers are supposed not to criticize but praise as much as possible to motivate.
Para. 4
The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem.
Being confident is a must in speaking good English.
Step 4: Connect the points into a passage
Mainly caused by fear and improper learning habit, many Chinese still find it difficult to speak English even after ten years’ learning.
Teachers are supposed not to criticize but praise as much as possible to motivate.
we should learn as a child who by listening and repeating, encouraged and praised by his parents.
Being confident is a must in speaking good English.
Actually,
As for the teacher, they are
Above all,
Use conjunctions (连接词)
Mainly caused by fear and improper learning habit, many Chinese students still find it difficult to speak
English even after ten years’ learning. (1) Actually, we should learn as a child who learns by listening and repeating, encouraged and praised by parents.(2) As for the teachers, they are supposed not to criticize but praise as much as possible to motivate. (3)Above all, being confident is a must in speaking good English. (4)
(69)
Step 5: check, copy
Step1: Determine the type of writing, the topic and structure
Step2: Analyze the structure to get the key sentence and key words
Step 3: Rewrite and polish the main ideas
Step 4: Connect the main ideas into a passage
Step 5: Check, copy
概要写作文本:
Many Chinese students have studied English for ten years or so, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles that have caused this to happen. The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit of mentally translating from Chinese to English and then changing these thoughts into spoken words and sentences. Many of these difficulties are caused by the way Chinese people study and learn the language.
We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning a second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. Learning to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child develops. How does a child learn the language He listens for a time and then he tries to repeat the words. Parents give great praise for the smallest effort and the lightest improvement. Therefore, the child develops courage and is excited about learning. It takes a long time before he knows something about grammar, spelling or formal sentence structures.
What should the language teachers do They should avoid criticism and be generous with praise. Criticism or pointing out faults too often causes students to lose self-confidence and develop a fear of speaking. The best way to motivate a student is using praise.
The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. When most Chinese people are asked how their English is, or they are told their English is very good, they immediately respond by saying, “Oh, my English is very poor.” If you say this to yourself often enough, you will believe it. When someone compliments you, just say “thank you”.