外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Friends Forever Using Language 定语从句课件(31张ppt)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Friends Forever Using Language 定语从句课件(31张ppt) |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-22 17:27:50 | ||
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(共31张PPT)
定语从句
About Attributive Clause
定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which,who, whom, whose 等; 关系副词有when, where, why 等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用： ⑴引导定语从句；⑵代替先行词；⑶在定语从句中担当一个成分。
For example:
The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.
who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.是定语从句,修饰先行词 the women，who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the women,在定语从句中作主语。
关系代词
关系词类别 关系词 先行词 充当从句中的
句子成分
关系代词 who 人 主，宾，表
whom 人 宾
which 物 主，宾，表
that 人或物 主，宾，表
as 人或物 主，宾，表
whose 人或物 定
关系副词
关系词类别 关系词 先行词 充当从句中的
句子成分
关系副词 where 地点 状
when 时间 状
why reason 状
1.关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词在定语从句中作_____、_____、_____。
关系副词在定语从句中作_____。
2.如何选用定语从句的关系词
(1)首先分清_____和_____。
(2)确定定语从句修饰的_____,指人还是指物。
(3)(代入法)把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中所做成分(主语,宾语,定语或状语)
(4)若先行词在从句中做_____、_____或_____则选择关系代词,若在从句中做_____,则选择关系副词
主语
宾语
定语
状语
主句
从句
先行词
主语
宾语
定语
状语
介词+关系代词
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。
Ex:⑴The service about that the students complain a lot should be improved.(改错)
⑵He is a library assistant from who I borrowed some books. (改错)
２．代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 ________________________或 ___________________________结构；of 表所属关系。
I live in a room whose windows are all broken.
=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.
= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.
the+名词+of+which/whom
of+which/whom+the+名词
３．关系副词when, where, why可以相应地转化为 "介词+ which"结构。
This is the house where/_______ I lived two years ago.
４．介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句前常有不定代词some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one等修饰。
He loves his parents deeply, __________（他们俩）are very kind to him.
in which
both of whom
５．介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的确定常常遵循以下三原则 1.介词与先行词的关系 2.从句谓语动词的搭配 3.整个句子表达的意思。简称“一先，二动，三意义”。
6.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.
非限制性定语从句
区别 限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开
与主句之间有逗号隔开
功能 对先行词进行限定、修饰。如 果省去从句部分剩余部分意义 便不完整、不明确
对先行词作附加说明。去掉后，
句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、
明确
先行词 名词、代词或名词词组
名词、名词词组或整个主句
引导词 所有关系词
除that 和 why之外的关系词
翻译 先译从句再译先行词
主句从句分别翻译
翻译 先译从句再译先行词 主句从句分别翻译
which
as
位置上 只放在主句的 后面
位置灵活,可放在主句之
前、之后或中间
搭配上 无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感
觉或心理活动的动词,如
see, hear, know, expect,
remember等
意思上 意为“这一点”
意为“正如，正像..的那样”
As 与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
Attention
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, much等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
3. 当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last修饰时。如：
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
4. 当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
5. 当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
6. 当主句以here，there，which开头时
Here is the hotel that you’ve been looking for.
There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
7. 当先行词是表语且关系代词本身在从句中作表语时
The school is no longer the place that it used to be.
B 关系代词用which不能用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时
I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these coins.
C 先行词为人时，关系代词用who不能用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
先行词为指人的one，ones，anyone或those时
Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
3. 先行词有较长的后置定语时
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting
C 先行词为人时，关系代词用who不能用that的情况
4. There be句型中，主语是指人的名词时
There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.
5. 两个定语从句中，一个用了that，另一个指人的关系代词用who
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.
D 先行词为人时，关系代词用that不能用who的情况
当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时
Who was the man that you danced with last night
2. 当先行词前有the same，形容词最高级，序数词， the last，only等词修饰时
He is the last man that I want to see.
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。
Do you know the girl is talking with your mother (误)
The boy you saw just now is Tom’s brother.(正)
2.定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that____ been produced in Hollywood.
Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that ____ been produced in Hollywood.
(“one of + 可数名词复数”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词复数形式
“the only one of + 可数名词复数”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词单数形式)
have
has
3.当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
4.当先行词是当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”)时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如：
What surprised me was not what he said but the way __________________ he said it.
that/in which/不填
5.先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间,时代”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/ during+ which引导定语从句。
⑴I could hardly remember how many times( that) I’ve failed.
⑵This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country.
⑶This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
6.当先行词是situation, occasion, point（地步，程度），case（情况，例子），position（职位，位置），scene（场景）等表示抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时应用关系代词which, that来引导；若从句中缺少地点作状语时，用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
THANKS
定语从句
About Attributive Clause
定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which,who, whom, whose 等; 关系副词有when, where, why 等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用： ⑴引导定语从句；⑵代替先行词；⑶在定语从句中担当一个成分。
For example:
The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.
who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.是定语从句,修饰先行词 the women，who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the women,在定语从句中作主语。
关系代词
关系词类别 关系词 先行词 充当从句中的
句子成分
关系代词 who 人 主，宾，表
whom 人 宾
which 物 主，宾，表
that 人或物 主，宾，表
as 人或物 主，宾，表
whose 人或物 定
关系副词
关系词类别 关系词 先行词 充当从句中的
句子成分
关系副词 where 地点 状
when 时间 状
why reason 状
1.关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词在定语从句中作_____、_____、_____。
关系副词在定语从句中作_____。
2.如何选用定语从句的关系词
(1)首先分清_____和_____。
(2)确定定语从句修饰的_____,指人还是指物。
(3)(代入法)把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中所做成分(主语,宾语,定语或状语)
(4)若先行词在从句中做_____、_____或_____则选择关系代词,若在从句中做_____,则选择关系副词
主语
宾语
定语
状语
主句
从句
先行词
主语
宾语
定语
状语
介词+关系代词
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。
Ex:⑴The service about that the students complain a lot should be improved.(改错)
⑵He is a library assistant from who I borrowed some books. (改错)
２．代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 ________________________或 ___________________________结构；of 表所属关系。
I live in a room whose windows are all broken.
=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.
= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.
the+名词+of+which/whom
of+which/whom+the+名词
３．关系副词when, where, why可以相应地转化为 "介词+ which"结构。
This is the house where/_______ I lived two years ago.
４．介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句前常有不定代词some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one等修饰。
He loves his parents deeply, __________（他们俩）are very kind to him.
in which
both of whom
５．介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的确定常常遵循以下三原则 1.介词与先行词的关系 2.从句谓语动词的搭配 3.整个句子表达的意思。简称“一先，二动，三意义”。
6.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.
非限制性定语从句
区别 限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开
与主句之间有逗号隔开
功能 对先行词进行限定、修饰。如 果省去从句部分剩余部分意义 便不完整、不明确
对先行词作附加说明。去掉后，
句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、
明确
先行词 名词、代词或名词词组
名词、名词词组或整个主句
引导词 所有关系词
除that 和 why之外的关系词
翻译 先译从句再译先行词
主句从句分别翻译
翻译 先译从句再译先行词 主句从句分别翻译
which
as
位置上 只放在主句的 后面
位置灵活,可放在主句之
前、之后或中间
搭配上 无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感
觉或心理活动的动词,如
see, hear, know, expect,
remember等
意思上 意为“这一点”
意为“正如，正像..的那样”
As 与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
Attention
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, much等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
3. 当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last修饰时。如：
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
4. 当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
5. 当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
6. 当主句以here，there，which开头时
Here is the hotel that you’ve been looking for.
There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
A 定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。
7. 当先行词是表语且关系代词本身在从句中作表语时
The school is no longer the place that it used to be.
B 关系代词用which不能用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时
I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these coins.
C 先行词为人时，关系代词用who不能用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
先行词为指人的one，ones，anyone或those时
Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.
3. 先行词有较长的后置定语时
Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting
C 先行词为人时，关系代词用who不能用that的情况
4. There be句型中，主语是指人的名词时
There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.
5. 两个定语从句中，一个用了that，另一个指人的关系代词用who
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.
D 先行词为人时，关系代词用that不能用who的情况
当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时
Who was the man that you danced with last night
2. 当先行词前有the same，形容词最高级，序数词， the last，only等词修饰时
He is the last man that I want to see.
1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。
Do you know the girl is talking with your mother (误)
The boy you saw just now is Tom’s brother.(正)
2.定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that____ been produced in Hollywood.
Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that ____ been produced in Hollywood.
(“one of + 可数名词复数”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词复数形式
“the only one of + 可数名词复数”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词单数形式)
have
has
3.当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
4.当先行词是当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”)时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如：
What surprised me was not what he said but the way __________________ he said it.
that/in which/不填
5.先行词是time时,若time作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;若time作“一段时间,时代”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/ during+ which引导定语从句。
⑴I could hardly remember how many times( that) I’ve failed.
⑵This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country.
⑶This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
6.当先行词是situation, occasion, point（地步，程度），case（情况，例子），position（职位，位置），scene（场景）等表示抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时应用关系代词which, that来引导；若从句中缺少地点作状语时，用关系副词where来引导定语从句。
THANKS