人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元核心词汇突破课件(32张）

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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
　　　单元核心词汇突破
　　　　　　　核心词汇突破
1.damage vt.损害;破坏　n.损害;损失
　单句填空
①After he retired,the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from
　　　　　　　　　(damage).
②The accident caused some damage 　　　　　my car,but it’s nothing serious.
being damaged
to　
　一句多译　
众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。
③As we all know,smoking can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(damage n.)
④It is well known that smoking can 　　　　　　　　　　　.(damage vt.)
do/cause damage to our health
damage our health
【归纳】(1)be badly/seriously damaged严重受损
be slightly damaged轻微受损
damage one’s health损害某人的健康
(2)do/cause damage to...对……造成损害/破坏
brain/liver damage脑损伤/肝损伤
serious/minor damage严重的/轻微的损伤
2.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
　单句填空
①The flood 　　　　　(affect)the area greatly,destroying houses and causing many deaths.
②Affected 　　　　　a high fever,he continued with his work.
③Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have an effect
　　　　　you most deeply.
affected　
with　
on/upon
【归纳】(1)be affected by受……的影响;被……感动
be affected with感染……疾病
(2)effect n.影响;结果;效果
have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
(3)affection n.喜爱
3.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
　单句填空
①With time going on,the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely 　　　　　ruins.
②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________________
(reduce)to ruins,the city took on a new look.
　句式升级　
③He made a mistake,which ruined his chance of going abroad.(用现在分词作状语改写)
→He made a mistake,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
in　
being reduced
ruining his chance of going abroad
【归纳】(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
4.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克　vt.(使)震惊
　单句填空
①Looking at the house which lay in ruins 　　　　　shock,he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
②The survivors lay on the beach,exhausted and 　　　　　(shock).
③His not passing the final exam was 　　　　　great shock to his parents.
④I was shocked 　　　　　　　(hear)that our factory would have to close.
in　
shocked　
a
to hear
　一句多译　
这一消息令公众震惊,引起了人们对学生在校安全的极大关注。
⑤The news 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.(shocked adj.)
⑥The news 　　　　　　　　　　　　,leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.(shock vt.)
made the public shocked　
shocked the public
【归纳】(1)be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock吃惊地,震惊地
(2)shocked adj.感到震惊的
be shocked at sth/that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth因做某事而感到震惊
(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的
5.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套　n.险境;陷阱
　单句填空
①A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________________
(trap)in the mountains for two days.
②If you choose this way,you’re likely to fall/walk into 　　　　　trap.
　句式升级　
③Though she was trapped in the ruins,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.
→　　　　　　　　　　　,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.
(用过去分词作状语改写)
had been trapped
a　
Trapped in the ruins
【归纳】(1)fall/walk into a trap落入圈套
lay/set a trap for...为……设下圈套
fall into the trap of doing sth落入做某事的陷阱
(2)be trapped in...陷入……
trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事
6.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;使沉浸;使专心
　单句填空
①After the volcanic eruption,many houses 　　　　　　　(bury)by ashes.
②You’ll never solve your problems if you just bury your head 　　　　the sand.
③I wandered into the dining room and found you 　　　　　(bury)in piles of books.
were buried
in　
buried　
　一句多译　
由于埋头于功课,他对外面的事情一无所知。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he knew nothing about the outside world.
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　,he knew nothing about the outside world.
Burying himself in his lessons
Buried in his lessons
【归纳】
bury ...in ...把……埋到……里;使……沉浸于……
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
7.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
　单句填空
①Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort
　　　　　(pave)the way for their success.
②I dislike people who don’t make 　　　　　effort.
③The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort 　　 　(save)
money.
to pave
an　
to save
　一句多译　
我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
④We’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(best)
⑤We’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort)
try/do our best to help
make an effort to help/spare no effort to help
【归纳】with great effort努力
without effort毫不费力地
in an effort to do sth为了做某事
spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事
make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事
make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事
8.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
　单句填空
①People of the disaster area suffered a lot 　　　　　the typhoon,and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of 　　　　　(suffer)
during the war.
③Mary 　　　　　　　(suffer) from ill health at the moment.
from　
sufferings　
is suffering　
　句式升级　
④John has suffered from lung cancer for many years.He has decided to give up smoking.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,John has decided to give up smoking.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
Having suffered from lung cancer for many years
【归纳】
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨;患……病
(2)suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事
(3)sufferer n.受难者;患病者
9.supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.] 补给品　vt.供应;供给
　单句填空
①Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes 　　　　　large supply of baby food with her.
②I’d like to know the reason why the milk is 　　　　　short supply in this area now.
③Food 　　　　　(supply)in the flood-stricken area are running out.
a
in　
supplies　
　一句多译　
没有必要担心,我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。
④There is no need to worry.We can 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤There is no need to worry.We can 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　.
supply you with whatever you need
supply whatever you need to you
【归纳】
(1)in short supply短缺
have a good supply of ...备有许多……
(2)supply sth to sb为某人提供某物
supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物
　(1)supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。
(2)表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:
provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb
offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
10.survive vi.生存;存活　vt.幸存;艰难度过
　单句填空
①The local governments made great efforts to build shelters for people who
　　　　　(survive)the hurricane.
②None of these seems to have much chance of 　　　　　(survive).
③As far as I know,the old lady survived her husband 　　　　5 years.
④The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no ___________
(survive).
survived　
survival　
by　
survivors　
【归纳】
(1)survive sth幸免于;从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on依靠……生存下来
A survive B(by...)A比B活得长(……)
(2)survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
(3)survivor n.幸存者;生还者
　survive 表示“幸免于……”时,是及物动词,因而不需要加多余的介词。
11.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
　单句填空
①The emergency services were 　　　　　hand with medical advice.
②Write 　　　　　hand or type on a single sheet of paper.
③Though Smith did get her 　　　　　(hand) on the best sand...
　完成句子　
④俗话说,成功与失败如影随形。
As the saying goes,success and failure always go 　　　　　　　　　　　.
on　
by　
hands　
hand in hand
【归纳】
at hand 在手边;即将到来
by hand 用手;靠人工
give/lend sb a hand 帮助某人
get one’s hands on 找到
hand in hand 手拉手
on(the)one hand;on the other hand一方面;另一方面
12.strike vt.& vi.(struck,struck)击打;罢工;时钟等敲响;擦火柴);撞击;侵袭;给某人以……印象;突然想起
　写出加黑词的含义
①A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing hundreds of people.
　　 　　
②The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.　　　　
③It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.
　　　　
④I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.　　　　
突然袭击
撞击
罢工
(钟)报时
　一句多译　
John突然想起,他们可以帮助 Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　 they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(strike)
⑥　　　　　　　　 they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(hit)
⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　 they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(occur)
It struck John that
It hit John that
It occurred to John that
【归纳】
(1)be struck with/by为……所袭击/感动
It strikes sb that...某人突然想到……
strike...into one’s heart使某人刻骨铭心
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
　表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit,occur。