人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 3 Travel journal期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.journal ( )
2. transport( )
3. prefer( )
4. disadvantage( )
5. fare( )
6. persuade( )
7. graduate( )
8. finally( )
9. schedule( )
10. fond( )
11. organize( )
12. determine( )
13. boil( )
14. insurance( )
15. reliable( )
II.核心短语
1. ever __________ 从那以后
2. care __________ 关心；忧虑；惦念
3. make up one’s __________ 下决心；决定
4. ___________ usual 照常
5. be __________ of 喜爱；喜欢
6. __________ one’s mind 改变主意
7. give __________ 投降；屈服；让步
8. ___________ midnight 在午夜
9. ___________ from 毕业于
10. get sb. ___________ in 使某人对……感兴趣
11. dream ___________ 梦见……
12. attitude ___________ 对……的态度
13. make ___________ 编造
14. give ___________ 放弃
15. ____________ the setting sun 在落日下
16. put __________ tents 搭起帐篷
17. stay __________ 睡不着
18. leave _________ 留下
19. think _________ 思考
20. ___________ the river bank 沿着河岸
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. prefer v. （preferred/preferring） 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）
[典例]
1). I prefer dogs to cats. 猫狗之中我更喜欢狗。
2). I prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我宁愿讲实话而不愿说谎。
3). Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth 你是否更愿意把我们的婚礼推迟到下个月？21世纪教育网
[重点用法]
prefer sth../doing prefer A to B
prefer doing A to doing B prefer (sb.) to do (rather than do)
prefer that-clause
2. persuade v. 说服；劝说
[典例]
1). We persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我们说服了他接受这份工作。
2). My mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party.
妈妈最终说服我不参加这次聚会。
3). How can I persuade you of my sincerity？ 我如何能让你相信我是真诚的？
4). I am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我几乎相信了他是诚实的。
[重点用法]
persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 劝阻某人做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade that-clause 使某人相信...
3. insist v. 坚持
[典例]
You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要坚持，你就稍后再来吧。
[重点用法]
insist on/upon sth./( sb’s) doing 坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事
I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。
He insisted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。
Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
4. determine v. 决定；确定；下定决心
[典例]
1). Attitude determines everything. 态度决定一切。
2). We determined to go to the railway station at once. 我们决定立刻去火车站。
3). I wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最终下决心嫁给他的。
4). The court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那个人犯了抢劫罪。
[重点用法]
determine on/upon (doing) sth. determine + n.
determine to do sth. determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事
determine + that-clause
adj. be determined to do sth.
II.重点词组
1. care about 关心，在乎
[典例]
1). The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的东西就是金钱。
2). Family members should always care about each other. 一家人应该互相关心。
[短语归纳]
care for 喜欢（多用于否定、疑问句）；照顾
I don’t care for coffee. 我不喜欢喝咖啡。
Could you help care for my child when I am out？ 我外出时能帮忙照顾下我的孩子吗？
2. give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交
[典例]
1). Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于无法说服我，他不得不认输。
2). It’s time to give in your examination papers. 到了交试卷的时间了。
[短语归纳]
give in (to sb./sth.) 向…让步 give up sth./doing 放弃（做）某事
give away 赠送；泄露 give back 归还；恢复
give off 放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等) give over 交付
give out vt. 分配；分发；发布 vi.（食物，燃料，电力等）用光；筋疲力尽
3. change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心（做某事）
[典例]
1). Maybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。
2). I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已经下定决心，不管你说什么我都不会改主意了。
[短语归纳]
与mind 有关的常用短语
have a/no mind to do 有/无意做 lose one’s mind 失去理智
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思 speak one’s mind 直言不讳
be of the same mind 意见一致 be in/of two minds 拿不定主意
give one’s mind to 注意… keep one’s mind on 专心于…21世纪教育网
take one’s mind off sth. 转移某人的注意力 bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bring/call sth. to mind 回忆某事 put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事
III.重点句型
1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。
[解释] 强调句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。
强调主语：
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。
强调宾语：
It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把这张票给了麦克。
强调时间状语：
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
大约600年前，第一个有钟面和时针的钟诞生了。
强调地点状语：
It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Brooklyn.
布鲁克林是贝克汉姆和维多利亚第一次相遇的地方，所以他们给第一个儿子取名布鲁克林。
强调从句：
It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
[解释]insist + that-clause
insist 意为“坚持要求（做某事）”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do的形式, should可省略；而insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持某种观点”时，宾语从句的动词时态根据具体的语境变化，不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. 他坚持认为自己没有犯错。
The bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety. 出于安全考虑，护卫人员坚决要求总统远离人群。
suggest (建议)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，request (请求)，order (命令)等动词的宾语从句也常用 “(should) do” 表示虚拟语气。
三、语法突破
现在进行时表将来21世纪教育网
现在进行时除表现在外，还可以表示将来。现在进行时表将来时常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。
它常表最近或较近的将来，所用动词多是转移动词。如：
(1) I’m going. 我要走了。 21世纪教育网
(2) When are you starting 你什么时候动身？ 21世纪教育网
表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外，亦可用于某些非转移动词。如：
(1) I’m meeting you after class. 课后我找你。
(2) What are you doing next Sunday 下星期你打算干什么？
(3) She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。
但偶尔也表示较远的将来。如：
When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
表将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，多用在否定结构中。如：
(1) I’m not going. 我不走了。
(2) I’m not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。
有时也用在肯定结构中。如：
I’m backing out. 我要打退堂鼓了。
用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时可变成命令，不过语气比较温和。如：
(1) You are staying. 你留下吧。
(2) Don’t forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘记：你也要参加。
同现在一般时一样，现在进行时也可在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。如：
(1) when you are passing my way, please drop in. 你什么时候路过我们家，请进来坐。（用于时间状语从句）
(2) If they are not doing it, what I am I to do 如果他们不干，那我该怎么办？（用于条件状语从句）
(3) She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled.
表示将来的现在进行时也可用在间接引语中，表示说话人相信它将是事实。如：
He said he is going tomorrow. 他说他明天走。
表将来的现在进行时有时从属于将来时态。如：
(1) On election night we’ll be telling you what’s happening in various places in this country. 到了选举的夜晚，我们将把全国各地的情况告诉大家。
(2) when I have time, I’ll come down to the school to see how you’re both doing. 我有空时，会来学校看你们俩的学习情况。
这样呢？
现在进行时表将来练习21世纪教育网
1. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
2. Rainforests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
3. He_______ of how he can do more for the people.
A. had always thought B. is always thinking 21世纪教育网
C. has always been thought D. thinking always
4. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow.
A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. has been leaving
5. The building_______ , I can't stand its noise.
A. builds B. is built C. is being built D. was being built
6. I can't catch up with the fashion, because the clothes style_______ all the time.
A. changed B. is changed C. is changing D. has changed
7. It's seven. The Greens_______ breakfast together.
A. has B. are having C. have had D. had had
8.. Don't make any noise while the students_______ to the tape.
A. are listening B. listened C. have listened D. had listened
9. Tom and Peter_______ in the lake. Let's join them, shall we
A. swim B. have swum C. swam D. are swimming
10. Look! The children_______ football on the playground.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. are playing
11. The kite_______ high in the sky now. It looks like a bird.
A. has flown B. is flying C. was flying D. flew
12. As we all know, the world's population_______ faster and faster.
A. is grown B. is growing C. are grown D. are growing
13. To my surprise, he_______ in class. (from:http://wangzhong050700.blog./)
A. is always speaking B. would always speak
C. has always been speaking D. does speak always
14. Can you tell me when the plane_______ to America tomorrow
A. would fly B. has flown C. had flown D. is flying
15. —______ for Beijing
—Yes, and I’ll come back in two months.
A. Have you left B. Are you leaving C. Do you leave D. Did you leave
16. I’ve won a holiday for three to New York. I ______ my dad and mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken
17.----Why have you bought so much food -----My good friends____ to stay with me for the weekend.
A. come B. were coming C. are coming D. had come
18.We don’t live here; we __________.
A. just visit B. are just visiting C. just visited D. have just visited
19.I ______ when I saw my teacher coming up to me.
A. was left B. left C. was about to leave D. am leaving
20. I’ll write to her when I ____ time.
A. am having B. has C. have D. will have
21. The train ________ at 12:00. (from:http://wangzhong050700.blog./)
A. will leave B. leaves C. is leaving D. leave
22. By the time he _____, I will have left.
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. will come
23. If she ________ healthy, she must take some exercise every morning.
A, is to keep B. will keep C. is going to keep D. is supposed to keep
24. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _______ home.
A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write
25.— Do you have any problems if you ______ this job
— Well, I’m thinking about the salary….
A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered
26.I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _____ home for dinner.
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
27.According to the time-table, the train for Shanghai _____ at 7 o’clock in the evening.
A. leaves B. has left C. was left D. will leave
28.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ____ off at 18:20.
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
29.The new secretary is supported to report to the manager as soon as she ______.
A. will come B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arrived
30.If city noise _____ from increasing, people _____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept, will have to B. are not kept, have to
C. do not keep, will have to D. do not keep, have to
31.Don’t get off the bus until it _____
A. has stopped B. stopped C. will stop D. shall stop
32.I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_____ on it for more than an hour.
A. has been working B. will have worked
C. will have been working D. had worked
33.— ______ leave at the end of this month.
— I don't think you should do that until ______ another job.
A. I'm going to; you'd found B. I'm going to; you've found
C. I'll; you'll find D. I'll; you'd find[21世纪教育网
34.－How can I apply for an online course
－Just fill out this form and we__________ what we can do for you.
A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see
35.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________.
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
1-5ACCBC 6-10CBADD 11-15BBADB 16-20ACBCC 21-25BBADC 26-30DAABA 31-35ADBDB
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1． (2011·湖南师大附中模拟)One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good ____________．
A．sight B．scene
C．view D．look
2．-----Have you ____________ him to give up the job
------Yes，I have．But he doesn’t listen to me
A．persuaded B．suggested
C．agreed D．advised21世纪教育网
3．(2012·宝鸡中学月考一) ____________ in a white dress，the girl looks very pretty.
A．Dressed B．Dressing
C．To dress D．Having dressed
4．The professor___________ his thoughts before giving his lecture，so that he could make himself understood well
A．organized B．recognized
C．realized D．advertised
5．Mrs Smith has tried many times to persuade her husband to give___________ smoking，but Mr Smith wouldn’t listen．Finally Mrs Smith had to give___________ and let him be
A. in ; in B．up；up
C．up；in D．in；up
6．(2012·浙江宁波市慈湖中学期中考试)Alice is kind， careful，energetic and has much experience in looking after children．In a word，she is very___________.
A．reliable B．flexible
C．appropriate D．aggressive
7．She is not easy to work with，because she is very____________ in everything，not willing to accept others’opinions even if she is wrong．
A．absent-minded B．stubborn
C．reliable D．confident
8．When we climbed up the mountain，my legs were so weak that I could____________ stand．
A．fairly B．almost
C．nearly D．hardly
9．As I have a full ______________ this week，I’m afraid 1 won’t have time to visit you.
A．journey B. schedule
C．route D．pace
10．He preferred ______________ public transport rather than______________ his own car to work．
A．to take；to drive B．taking；driving
C．to take：drive D．taking；drive
11．Because of the high____________ ，we can’t go high up to the top of the mountain without the oxygen tanks
A．gas B．weather
C. altitude D. water
12．(2012·江苏东台市安丰中学段考一)The reading club in our school welcomes those_________ _of detective stories.
A．interested B. enthusiastic
C．fond D．addicted
1 3．------I’m afraid that she won’t come to help me as she promised．
-----Don’t worry．Nothing will___________ her mind if she has_____________ up her mind．
A．change；made B．turn；done
C．grow；given D. make ; changed
14．(2012·吉林市月考)A ____________ person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is．
A．stubborn B．determined
C．reliable D．remarkable
1 5．___________well prepared you are，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing
A．However B．Whatever
C. No matter D．Although
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In l 901,the citizens of Colorado Springs in the USA decided to collect everyday items and to
seal them in a steel box. The box was marked” To be 1 after midnight, December 31.AD 2000”,and was 2 in the Colorado College Library.
One hundred years later, on the appointed day,300 people 3 to watch the opening of the box Many in the 4 were the descendants of people who had placed things 5 the box.
When the box was opened 6 midnight, the contents were in very good 7 .There were newspapers, photographs, diaries, name cards, family trees, books 8 dozens of letters, including one 9 by Theodore Roosevelt, who became the 10 of the USA later. One of Roosevelt’s friends lived in Colorado Springs at that time.
Many of the letters were 11 to their descendants. They describe the 12 that people of l 901 had for the people of the next 13 .At that time, Colorado springs had just a few thousand 14 .Now nearly half a million people live there.
Colorado College Library has scanned the materials and put them on a 15 .Cecil Muller, whose grandfather had 16 a collection of postcards in the box, said that the time capsule was a great 17 .“This is a wonderful educational resource. We can learn so___18____about our history, "he said.“ I never knew my grandfather, but now I feel very 19 to him.”
In April, 2001,a committee filled the time capsule with 20 from modern Colorado Springs and resealed it for another hundred years.
1. A closed B.opened C.covered D.discovered
2.A hidden B.forgotten C.stored D.packed
3. A gathered B. dismissed C. advanced D. arrived
4. A·union B.league C.group D.crowd
5. A·outside B.inside C.above D.under
6. A·before B.since C.after D.until
7. A·condition B.mass C.situation D.copy
8. A·so B.but C.or D.and
9. A·inveated B.written C.observed D.described
10. A·Minister B.Major C.President D.Commander
11. A·addressed B.suggested C.declared D.announced
12. A.feelings B.ideas C.costoms D.hopes
. 13. A·decade B.century C.year D.date
14 A·travelers B.tourists C.visitors D.residents
15.A·website B.recorder C.mobile D.telegram‘
16.·A·rescued B.survived C.placed D.stayed
17. A.diamond B.treasure C.support D.property
18. A.1ittle B.many C.few D.much
19. A.close B.near C.far D.direct
20.A.items B.diaries C.letters D.photos
第三部分 阅读理解：(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给出的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
A
In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbors.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants. Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich life--style of their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories, He called it ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ because ‘Jones’ is a very common name in the United States.’ Keeping up with the Joneses’ came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are ‘Jonses’ in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
1. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ______.
A. want to be as rich as their neighbors
B. want others to know or to think that they are rich
C. don’t want others to know they are rich
D. want to be happy
2. It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.
A. live outside New York City B. live in New York City
C. live in apartments D. have many neighbors
3. The underlined word neighborhood in the second paragraph means ________.
A. a person who lives near another B. people living in an area
C. an area near the place referred to D. an area in another town or city
4. Arthur Momand used the name ‘Jones’ in his series of short stories because’ Jones’ is ________.
A. an important name B. a popular name in the United States
C. his neighbor’s name D. not a good name
5. According to the writer, it is________ to keep up with the Joneses.
A. correct B. interesting C. impossible D. good
B
When I saw a big handmade signboard “Welcome Yuxin” at the airport, I knew I had found a caring family at the other side of the world – the United States．
My host mom had already decorated my room for me．There was a doll on one side of the room, and a bookcase full of books on the other-they had heard I loved reading．Mom had also prepared a keyboard for me, since she knew that I played the piano．
My life in the family did not go so well at first．Because I am the only child in my family in China, I was not used to having two younger kids-Zachary and Grace-running around me yelling all the time．
Mom had a serious talk with me about this problem on a Sunday afternoon．She told me:“You can’t just come home from school every day, go to your room and do your homework．You need to be a part of this family．You need to play with my kids for at least an hour．” This rule was very annoying at first．I did not have much experience playing with children．
However, the more time I spent with the kids, the more I grew to love them．We played games and read books together．I even taught them Chinese．Thanks to Mom’s rule, I began to feel like I was really part of the family．
Mom also inspired me to live a healthier life．She got up early every morning to go running．On weekends, she took the whole family to visit parks or go camping．
I did not like sports much when I was back home, but now I love to join all kinds of sports．I am healthier and more confident too．
With my American family, I found joy and laughter．I learned to live with energy and optimism thanks to the care and responsibility of my loving American parents．
6.The passage is mainly about ．
A.the cultural differences Yuxin experienced in America
B.how Yuxin learned to get along with younger kids in America[来源:21世纪教育网]
C.how much Yuxin’s caring host family in America changed her
D.various difficulties Yuxin met in America
7.From Paragraph 2,we can see that ．
A. the host mom was good at decorating room
B. Yuxin was fond of American doll
C. the host mom tried hard to make Yuxin feel at home
D. Yuxin kept busy with a lot of hobbies
8.What led Yuxin to feel like she was really part of the family
A.Yuxin’s talks with her host parents
B. Having to join in sports with the family
C.The host mom’s rule about playing with the kids
D. Enjoying weekends with the host family
9.What can we infer from the passage
A.Yuxin’s life with her American host family went very smoothly from the beginning
B.The host mom cared about Yuxin’s overall development
C.The host family’s two children didn’t like Yuxin at all
D.Yuxin didn’t notice what the host family did for her
10. .How did the host mom influence Yuxin gradually
A.By words and by force B.By words and by actions
C.By force and by behavior D.By talking and by force
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-5 CDAAC 6-10 ABDBC 11-15CCABA
第二节 B C A D B C A D D C A DB D A C B D A A
第三节A篇： BACBC B篇 CCCBB人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 1 Friendship期末知识梳理.
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.greet
2.represent
3.flight
4.curious
5.approach
6.defend
7.major
8.misunderstand
9.adult
10.spoken
11.likely
12.function
13.truly
14.anger
15.rank
II.核心短语
1．be_________a bout,对……感到好奇的
2．defend_________保卫……以免
3．apologize_________sb_________sth因某事而向某人道歉
4．put_________举起，建立
5．_________general总的来说，通常
6．shake hands_________sb同某人握手
7．come_________出现，向前
8．_________the distance在远处，在远方
9．turn one’s back_________背对，背弃
10．_________face丢脸
11．act_________表演
12．introduce sb_________sb把……介绍给……
13．_________the cheek在脸颊上
14．put_________one’s hand举起手
15．_________the contrary 正好相反
16．stand close_________站得靠近
17．be likely_________很可能
18．be intended_________旨在，打算
19．_________ease安心，放心
20．keep a record_________记录
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset)[来源:21世纪教育网]
[典例]
1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要难过--并没有造成伤害。
3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。
[重点用法]
be upset by… 被…… 打乱
upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼
2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系
[典例] 21世纪教育网
1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。
2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。
3). That's no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。
[重点用法]
as / so far as … be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言
be concerned about 关心
be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth. 牵涉到，与……有关，参与
3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居，安家；解决
[典例]
1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。
2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。
3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。
[重点用法]
settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在…定居
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
[典例]
1). Do you suffer from headaches 你常头痛吗
2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
[重点用法]
suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不适﹑ 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:
5. disagree vt. 不同意
[典例]
1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。
2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。
[重点用法]
disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定]
II.重点词组
1. add up 加起来
[典例]
1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. 21世纪教育网
把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。
2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to
汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？
[短语归纳]
add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中
add up to … 加起来是
2. go through 经历；经受
[典例]
1). The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
[短语归纳]
go after追求，追赶 go ahead前进；请说（做）吧
go by走过，（时间）过去 go along with向前，（与……）一起去
go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭
go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升
3.on purpose 故意，有目的地
[典例]
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。
[短语归纳]
do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事 on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地
4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展
[典例]
1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。
2). How are you getting along with your work 工作进展如何？
[短语归纳]
get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利
get away离开，逃离 get down下来；写下，取下
get down to (doing)开始认真干…… get over克服，摆脱
get through通过，做完 get together聚集
in order to… 为了……（可置于句首或句中）
[典例]
1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。
2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。
[短语归纳]
in order that… 以便……（后跟句子） so that…以便……（后跟句子）
so as to为了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）
III.重点句型
1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.
妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。
[解释] with复合结构：
with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases
由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况：
1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系，该分词用现在分词形式。
2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系，该分词用过去分词形式。
3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当。
[典例]
1.with + 宾语 + 副词，如：
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on).
With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty.
2.with + 宾语 + 介词短语，如：
The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand).
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes).
3.with + 宾语 + 现在分词，如：
With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy.
4.with + 宾语 + 过去分词，如：
With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.
With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.
5.with + 宾语 + 不定式，如：
With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey.
With Mr Smith to teach them English next term（= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐……
[解释] as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。
as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：
1). 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。
2). 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）
Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。
3). 引导方式状语从句，表示“以……方式”。
Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？
4). 引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，“由于，因为”。
As you were not there, I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。
5) 引导比较状语从句。
She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。
3. It is/was the…time that… ……第几次……
[解释] that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。
1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.
4.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事情都无比狂热。
句子结构： wonder ＋if 表语从句 ＋ so …that从句
4.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定语从句) 我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。
句子结构： It is/was a time when …There is /was a time when…This/That is/was a time when…
5.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
句子结构： It is/was the first (second…) time that sb + 现在完成时/过去完成时：这是某人第几次做某事
三、语法突破
动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式在句中可以用作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况。
1. 作时间状语，相当于when, while, after等引导的时间状语从句。
Hearing the teacher’s steps, these students stopped talking at once. (When they heard the teacher’s steps, these students stopped talking at once.) 听到老师的脚步声，这些学生马上不说话了。
2. 作原因状语，相当于as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。
Having lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well. (Because he has lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well.) 他在中国住了好多年了，所以汉语说得很好。
3. 作条件状语，相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Turning to the right, you will see the post office. (If you turn to the right, you will see the post office.) 向右转，你就会看到邮局。
4. 作结果状语，相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。
A small plane crashed into a hillside, killing all people on board. (A small plane crashed into a hillside so that all people on board were killed.) 一架小飞机坠毁在山坡上，致使机上人员全部遇难。
5. 作让步状语，相当于though, even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best. (Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.) 尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。
6. 作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替代，但可改写成并列句。
He walked down the hill, singing softly to him-
self. (He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.) 他从山上走下来，一路哼着小曲儿。
注：如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动作同时存在或同时发生，则用一般式(即doing)；如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前则用完成式(即having done)。
动词的非谓语形式是历年高考命题的热点，而在句中作状语的 V-ing 形式则是英语高考考点的重中之重。现笔者就 V-ing 形式作状语帮助同学们作个小结。
V-ing 形式在句中修饰主句的谓语动词，说明句中谓语动词所处的状态，它是主句主语动作的一部分。与主句谓语表示的动作几乎是同时发生的，可以表示时间、原因、伴随、结果等。
值得一提的是：当从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则应用其完成式的 V-ing 短语 having （ been ） done 。
一 . V-ing 形式表示时间
1. _______________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clear up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D. Suffered
析：句意为“当河流受到严重污染时，现在要清理它已经为时过晚了”。很明显，“污染”在前，“清理河流”在后，应用 suffer 的完成式，故选 A 项。
2. ___________________a reply, he decided to wait again.
A. No receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
析：在 V-ing 形式的否定式中，否定词（ no、 not 或 never ）应置于其前面，不能置于其后面，因此 B 、 D 项不能选，从句意来看，“未收到答案”在前，“决心等待”在后。故选 C 项。
二 . V-ing 形式表示原因
3. ______________ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
A. Not known B. Known not
C. Known not D. Not knowing
析：答案为 D 项，全句实际为 Because he didn't know anything about …的缩略形式。
4. ________________ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not
C. Not having known D. Having not known
析：答案是 A 项。
三 . V-ing 形式表示伴随情况
5. “ Can't you read ” Mary said _______________ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily point
析： A 项为正确答案，根据语法知识 B 、 C 、 D 三项都不能选。
四 . V-ing 形式表示结果
6. European football is played in 80 countries _____________ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes
C. made D. to make
析： making it …其形式相当于定语从句 which makes it the most popular sport in the world 的简化形式。故 A 项为正确答案。 21世纪教育网
【练习】
Ⅰ. 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. ______ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling
C. Having been told D. Having told
2. ______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead.
A. Fail B. Failed
C. To fail D. Having failed 21世纪教育网
3. When we visited my hometown, memory came ______ back.
A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded
4. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was sitting on the bicycle ______ to balance it.
A. having tried B. trying
C. to try D. tried
5. ______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A. To throw B. Throwing
C. Thrown D. Being thrown
6. ______ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. (2010, 北京卷)
A. Looking B. Look
C. To look D. Looked
7. The lady walked around the shops, ______ an eye out for bargains. (2010, 江西卷)
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
8. ______ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010, 上海卷)
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
9. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ______ the students to return to their classrooms. (2010, 江苏卷)
A. enabling B. having enabled
C. to enable D. to have enabled
10. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010, 福建卷)
A. sending B. to send
C. having sent D. to have sent
Ⅱ. 根据括号内的提示，用动词-ing形式完成下列句子。
1. ______________(穿过) the park, we saw a fine flower show. (walk)
2. ______________(重达近50公斤), the stone was moved by him. (weigh)
3. The storm left, ______________(造成很大损失) to this area. (cause)
4. She worked late into the night, _____________(准备一份演讲稿) for the president. (prepare)
5. ______________(从……看) the top of the hill, you can get a wonderful view of the whole city. (see)
6. ______________(和……一起生活) the man for 3 years, we all know him very well. (live)
7. ______________(对待人们) kindly, you’ll make many good friends.（treat）
8. ______________(不知道) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (know)
Key:
Ⅰ. 1–5 CDABB 6–10 ACAAA
Ⅱ. 1. Walking through 2. Weighing almost 50 kilograms 3. causing a lot of damage 4. preparing a speech 5. Seeing from 6. Having lived with 7. Treating people 8. Not knowing
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1.You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence.
A. before B once C .until D. though
2.I like getting up very early in summer ,The morning air is so good _____
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
3.Jumping out of ________airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____
Exciting experience
A. / ; the B./ ; an C. an ; an D. the ; the
4.______ in his study , he didn’t know that all the others had left
A. Buring B. Buried C. Buried himself D. He buried
5 I agree with most of what you said , but I don’t agree with_______
A. anything B. something C. everything D .nothing
6.____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are Making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
7. He had his left leg ______ when trying to save one of his working mates
From the fall of a wall
A. destroyed B. wounded C. injured D. ruined
8.Although the working mother is very busy , she still _____ a lot of time to Children .
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
9.-----Are you happy with your new computer
------No, it is _____me a lot of trouble.
A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing
10. After the traffic accident, no one ________except a few people who were Badly injured.
A. survive B. survived C .was survived D. was surviving
11. Please put the bike _____ it belongs after you have used it.
A. where B. to which C. what D. that21世纪教育网
12.One of the young man’s paintings has been____ by some experts of the Art Field.
A. high thought of B. well thought of
C. highly thought D. good thought
13. Mary never does any reading in the evening
A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn’t D. nor does John
14.The employee you had been thinking highly ______dishonest
A. of proving B .of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved
15 ----Did Jack _______having taken some books without telling anybody
-----Yes, he did. He said he took three books
A. imagine B. allow C. attempt D. admit
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The professor’s house，big and untidy，stood alone at one end of a huge garden. The place was totally uncared for，quite 1 and overgrown with all sorts of useless things. I 2
my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell.
I was glad that I had found him. In twenty minutes he 3 me right on all the 4
that had puzzled me. I was on the 5 of leaving when I looked out of his study window and said，“You’re very fond of gardening，I see.”
“No，I’m not，” he said.“ 6 ，I love this garden，though. It’s 7 I always wanted it to be. I never touch it at all.”
“It could be made lovely. It 8 a pity to let all this ground go to waste. But perhaps you don’t 9 that way ” said I.21世纪教育网
“I don’t. I lived here when I was a child，and I had 10 of gardening then. It was my father’s hobby，you see. Unfortunately，he wasn’t 11 enough to do it himself. My brother and I did all of it between us year after year. There was one right way and many wrong ways. Each blade（叶片） of grass was an enemy to be 12 by hand, not just cut off. I’ve spent a good part of life at work here.”
“I see. You took a dislike to it, and now you’re getting even！”
“I dislike it. Then, of course, I didn’t understand the 13 it had. It used to 14
me. It appeared in my dreams—a mistake here, something not quite straight here, the enemy showing its head in a place I was 15 to have cleaned. The work was too much. It seemed endless. The size of the place was itself a fight to a boy.”
“And now it’s yours，you’re just letting it go to... ”
“ 16 ” he said.“No，I don’t agree with that. This garden and I are now the best friends. I like 17 it grow 18 its own way. I make no demands on it. I never disturb it, and it never disturbs me. It has 19 at last, and so have I.”
“But the path is over grown. It’s inconvenient for you，isn’t it ”
“That’s part of my 20 ，” he laughed.“You can go out the back way. The weeds are shorter there because they don’t get the sun.”
1. A. wild B. crazy C. large D. nice
2. A. lost B. felt C. took D. made
3. A. let B. put C. taught D. explained
4. A. gardening B. plants C. problems D. solution 21世纪教育网
5. A. time B. point C. permission D. request
6. A. Even if B. So C. As though D. Even so
7. A. as B. where C. why D. whether
8. A. seems B. is C. proves D. sounds
9. A. recognize B. sense C. see D. know
10. A. fond B. short C. free D. enough
11. A. interested B. fit C. content D. demanding
12. A. fought against B. cleared up C. rooted out D. cut down
13. A. effect B. reason C. cause D. result
14. A. astonish B. shock C. worry D. disappoint
15. A. thought B. supposed C. ordered D. expected
16. A. Sell B. Develop C. Grow D. Ruin
17. A. noticing B. attending C. watering D. watching
18. A. on B. in C. with D. of
19. A. freedom B. time C. sunlight D. space
20. A. life B. pleasure C. job D. research
第三节． 阅读理解21世纪教育网
A
Ice climb in London[来源:21世纪教育网]
The huge ice skating area at Somerset House has been drawing crowds each winter for years, but last November an ice wall was added for the first time, bringing even more danger and excitement. Standing more than 26 feet high is a long line of pure ice, featuring three climbing faces of varying difficulty using crampons (防滑鞋), ice picks and ropes. Using it costs about ￡40 (020 78454600; www.somersethouseicednk.org.uk). It is open from late November to the end of January.
Hang-gliding (悬挂式滑翔) in Rio De Janeiro
According to the hang-gliders of Rio, once you've swooped (俯冲) over the city's streets, gazing at the Sugar Loaf, and the city of Niteroion, the other side of Guanabara Bay, you will understand why birds are peaceful animals. Accept the romantic idea on a 30-minute cycling flight from the 525-meter Pedra Bonita in the Sao Conrado mountain down to the Sao Conrado beach. It costs around ￡55.
Contact Air Adventures (00 21 9843 9006; www.).
Skywalk in Sydney
This experience takes having a look at a nice view to the whole other level, as you are suspended more than 850 feet (260 m) above street level, controlled to a glass viewing platform of Sydney Tower. It's the city's highest building. After a thorough briefing and being fitted with protective skysuits, skywalkers make their way along two-purpose-built walkways and platforms, which have transparent floor, while a guide points out landmarks. Night time skywalks are also available. It costs ￡46.
Mountain boarding in Leeds
Riders roll down hills and fly off jumps, doing tricks. A number of special mountainboard parks have opened around the country (see www. ). But the Leeds body of the Boarding Society practice at least twice a week in the city in locations that include Roundhay Park. Those with their own boards are welcomed to join them. Contact the society at www.scuz.info. Alternatively, beginners can get lessons in Halifax at the Another World (01422 245196; www. Mountain boarding.co.uk) mountainboard center for ￡8 an hour, with equipment.
1. The purpose of the above ads is to ________.
A. offer some ways to experience extreme sports
B. help readers have different excitement during their holidays
C. introduce the most exciting sports around the world
D. introduce the latest sports in the world
2. Which of the following is open at night
A. Ice climb in London. B. Hang-gliding in Rio De Janeiro.
C. Skywalk in Sydney. D. Mountainboarding in Leeds.
3. What kind of feeling would you have if you went hang-gliding in Rio De Janeiro
A. Flying peacefully like a bird. B. Jumping quickly like a sportsman.
C. Flying over the city like a pilot. D. Flying like a romantic actor.
4. You have never tried dangerous sport, then you can get on _______ to find some training information.
A. www. B. www.
C. www.scuz.info D. www.mountainboarding.co.uk
B
In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools,s urprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. 62 percent of the more individually oriented（强调个性发展的）Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.
Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.
Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.
5. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ____.
A. Japanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parents
B. Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D. Japan’s higher education is better than theirs
6. Most American respondents believe that preschools should also attach importance to____.
A. problem solving B. group experience
C. parental guidance D. individually oriented development
7. In Japan’s preschools education, the focus is on ____.
A. preparing children’s artistic interests B. developing children’s artistic interests
C. tapping children’s potential D. shaping children’s character
8. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens
A. They can do better in their future studies.
B. They can gain more group experience there.
C. They can be individually oriented when they grows up.
D. They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.
单元自测答案：
第一节1-5 B B C B C 6-10 B C A C B 11-15 A B D B D
第二节 1-5 ADBCB 6-10 DAACD 11-15 BCACB 16-20 DDBAB
第三节 1-4 ACAD 5-8 CBDD人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.quality ( )
2. active( )
3. devote( )
4. peaceful( )
5. stage( )
6. vote( )
7. attack( )
8. equal( )
9. willing( )
10. escape( )
11. educate( )
12. beg( )
13. reward( )
14. president( )
15. opinion( )
II.核心短语
1. ____________ a matter of fact 事实上
2. come to ___________当权；上台
3. be___________ to 被判处…… （徒刑）
4.worry ___________担心
5. ___________ in 信仰，信任
6. in ___________ 处于麻烦中；处于困境中
7. lose ___________ 丧失勇气或信心
8. ___________ up 设立；建立
9. put… in __________ 把……投入监狱
10. fight__________ 反对……而斗争
11. be free ____________摆脱
12.devote … ____________（doing）sth. 献身于……
13. blow ____________ 炸毁
14. out___________ work 失业
15. ____________ school 毕业
16. be grateful ____________ 对……感激
17. turn___________ 转向
18. agree ___________ 适宜，同意某人
19. during the lunch ___________ 在午餐休息期间
20. beg ___________ food 乞讨食物
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. devote vt. 投入；献身
[典例]
1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。
2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。
[重点用法]
devote… to… 献身于；专心于
在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：
pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（坚持……）; lead to（导致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）; look forward to（盼望……）;
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
[典例]
1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。
2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。
3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。
[重点用法]
vote down 投票否决；投票击败 vote in 投票选出；选举
vote through 表决通过 put… to the vote 将……付诸表决
take/have a vote on 对……进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
[典例]
1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。
2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。
[重点用法]
in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）报酬、报答
give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
[典例]
1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。
2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。
[重点用法]
be equal to 与……相等
be equal with 与……平等
5. advise v. 建议
[典例]
1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.
2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.
3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.
[重点用法]
advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议……
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干…… advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议（某人）干……
advise + (that) sb. (should) do
advice n. 建议；意见
a piece of advice 一条建议
go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见
give advice to sb. on sth. 就……对某人提供建议
follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
II.重点词组
1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
[典例]
1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。
2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.
[短语归纳]
put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入监狱
The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。
2. out of work 失业,出问题
[典例]
1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。
2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。
[短语归纳]
in work 有工作
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦
out of use 没用了 out of date 过时
out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控
out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。
3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
[典例]
1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。
2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。
[短语归纳]
lose one's job 失业 lose one's balance 失去平衡
lose one's breath上气不接下气 lose one's heart (to sb/sth) 爱上
lose one's life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱
III.重点句型
1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
[解释] 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。
类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句
Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed
拓展：
介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。
He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.
Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.
The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.
[解释]当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.[来源:21世纪教育网]
Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
三、语法突破
定语从句（II）
关系代词who与that的用法区别
两者都可用作关系代词指人，有时可互换，但以下几点需注意：
1. 在 all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody 等词之后两者都可用，但以用 that 较普通。如：
All that [who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
Have you met anybody that [who] has been to Paris 你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗
2. 在序数词、形容词最高级以及 the only, the same, the very 等之后两者都可用，但以用 that 较普通。如：
Newton was one of the greatest men that [who] ever lived. 牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。
He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian. 他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
3. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常只用 who。如：
Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us next term. 史密斯夫人很有教学经验，她下个学期将来与我们一道工作。
4. 但是在下列情况，通常只用 that①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。如：
I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。
②当先行词是 who 时(为避免重复)。如：
Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion 有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢
③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)。如:
Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个汤姆了。
whose引导定语从句只能指人吗
大家知道，关系代词who只用于指人，不用于指物。我们是不是可以推出，关系代词whose也只用于指人不用于指物呢？不能！事实上，用作关系代词的whose既可用于指人，也可用于指物，同时还可以指动物，它在定语从句中用作定语，修饰其后的名词。
一、指人的用法
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。
The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. 电影讲的是一个被他妻子出卖的间谍。
He was an officer whose career meant everything to him. 他是一名军旅生涯对他来说就是一切的军官。
The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.作品获奖的那个女孩是她班上年纪最小的。
除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
Chopin, whose works are world famous, composed some of his music in this room. 肖邦的作品是世界知名的，有些乐曲就是在这个房间里谱写的。
We went with Peter, whose car broke down before we were halfway there. 我们和彼得一起去的，但是还没走到半路他的车子就抛了锚。
Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job. 安的孩子们整天都在学校，所以她在想办法找份工作。
二、指物的用法
The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。[来源:21世纪教育网]
三、指动物的用法
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。
除引导限制性定语从句外，也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾气不稳定，常常在狗展上咬裁判。
【做题小技巧】
对于考查关系代词whose的考题，掌握以下两点非常有用：
1. 它在定语从句中通常是用作定语，所以其后通常应有被修饰的名词。21世纪教育网
2. which有时也可用作定语，但与whose在语义上有很大区别：which在语义上相当于this或that，而whose在语义上则相当于one’s。比较并体会：
It was an English novel whose name I have forgotten. 那是一本英语小说，书名我忘了。
My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won’t be going on holiday. 我父亲可能需要住院，如果那样他就不去度假了。
如何使用“介词+关系代词”结构
对于“介词+关系代词”结构的使用，重点是要弄清其中的介词如何确定和判断。归纳起来，有以下几点方法：
1. 根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。如：
Water is the natural medium in which fish live. 水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境。(注意搭配live in)
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已经找到了。(注意搭配search for)
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. 这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题。(注意搭配argue about)
注意，对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此时应注意介词的位置应。如：
The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.
不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.
2. 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。如：
Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(注意搭配 be interested in)
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他我要去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。(注意搭配 be familiar with)
3. 根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。如：
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 这是我们的教室，前面有老师的讲台。(注意搭配 in the front of our classroom)
I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。(注意搭配 on the day)
4. 根据句意来确定介词的使用。如：
This is the book from which I got the story. 这就是那本书，从中我读到这个故事。(由于句意含有“从……”的意思，所以用介词 from)
This I did at nine o’clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 九点钟时我做这事，之后我坐着看报。(由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思，所以用介词 after)
定语从句专项练习
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked21世纪教育网
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country [来源:21世纪教育网]
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。21世纪教育网
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
单项填空
1.Many people believe that poverty is only a problem in rural areas. _____________ ，it is also a problem in some urban areas.
A. As a result B. Furthermore
C. In the end D. As a matter of fact
2. Busy as the man is , he _____________ every weekend to staying with his wife and children.
A. picks B. spends
C. devotes D. takes
3. Only when he got home ____________ he had left his bag on the train.
A. he realized B. he had realized
C. had he realized D. did he realize
4. —Why does she always ask you for help —There is no one else________，is there A．who to turn to B．she can turn to C．for whom to turn D．for her to turn
5.Mike often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations．
A．having been fined B．to have been fined
C．to be fined D．being fined
6.As_______ matter of fact,________ beauty of________ nature there made an excellent impression on me.
7·It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude _______ life when you are _____trouble.
A．to：under B. of ; in C．to：in D. with ; in
8．Ms Black is considered a ______lady by her neighbors for she often helps the poor old man next door.
A．generous B．hopeful C．mean D． selfish
9. Although the living conditions were poor in the mountain, Xu Benyu still devoted his energies to ______ students of different ages．
A. teach B．teaching C. having taught D．be teaching
10. We all know that hard working and plain Iiving are fine ______of our Chinese people．
A. qualities B. manners C. deeds D. acts
11. Now their talks have reached a key stage ______ side must give in to the other．
A．which B．that C．where D．how
12. I think our education should give all children ______opportunities to develop their special gift．
A．reasonable B．equal C. flexible D. convenient
13. The owner of the mine was _______ to twenty years because he had broken the law to empIoy children as miners.
A_sentenced B．trapped C. sheltered D. buried
1 4．Students should be _____ in class．Only listening without taking part in the activities is not good for one's study．
A．passive B．active C．curious D．1azv
15. (2012‘山东师大附中月考)Whenever we are in _____ trouble，we should never lose_____ heart．
A．a；the B．a：a C．／；／ D. / ; the
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Culture shock is a complex topic, but I'm a simple man with simple perspectives. So my experience of foreign culture boils down to three basic stages: anger, acceptance and appreciation.[来源:21世纪教育网]
When I ___16___ my life in China I was often filled with frustration and ___17___over the way things were. Things were seen as clearly “____18____” and I rejected the view of there being other ways of doing things. Afterwards I came to ___19____different ways of doing things ___20____still saw my own ways as superior.
My views were still heavily colored by ___21____and I often accepted situations I felt ____22____by simply coining the phrase "That's China," _____23_____ China was a backward country that simply didn't do things correctly. Finally, ____24____, I came to understand and appreciate the new ____25____ and ways of doing things, sometimes using them as effectively as the____26_____.
For example, fish is never ___27___ with the head in my country, thus my feelings went from “Ugh! I can’t eat this! The fish is ___28___at me saying, `You're a ___29___ man.' Take this off the table,” to “I’ll let my friends enjoy, but I'll just stick with the other____30____,” and to "Would anyone mind if I eat the eyeball "
It is not the same with every westerner, and some take ___31___ than others to go through the three stages. It all depends on how _____32_____ you are and how tightly you ___33___to your own culture. It took a little over a year of living in China ___34___ I finally appreciate the new culture. Now, I'm more ___35___in China than in my own country.
16. A. ended B. began C. continued D. enjoyed
17. A. curiosity B. fear C. purpose D. anger
18. A. wrong B. right C. wise D. smooth
19. A. find B. use C. accept D. refuse
20. A. or B. but C. while D. so
21. A. preferences B. references C. facts D. standards
22. A. necessary B. important C. nervous D. stupid
23. A. mentioning B. saying C. meaning D. referring
24. A. therefore B. however C. besides D. thus
25. A. character B. personality C. revolution D. culture
26. A. locals B. foreigners C. researchers D. citizens
27. A. bought B. sold C. served D. separated
28. A. glancing B. laughing C. shouting D. staring
29. A. kind B. cruel C. brave D. unique
30. A. fishes B. vegetables C. dishes D. soups
31. A. more B. less C. further D. longer
32. A. adaptable B. considerable C. dependable D. enjoyable
33. A. get B. hold C. catch D. insist
34. A. since B. as C. before D .when
35. A. anxious B. welcomed C. comfortable D. miserable
第三节 阅读理解
A
No one wants to be tested．We would all like to get a driver' s license without answering questions about rights of way or showing that we can parallel park a car．Many future lawyers and doctors probably wish they could join their profession without taking an exam．[来源:21世纪教育网]
But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us from unskilled drivers, harmful products and dishonest professionals. In schools too exams play a constructive role．They tell public officials whether new school programs are making a difference and where new investments are likely to pay off．They tell teachers what their students have learned ——and have not．They tell parents how their children are doing compared with others their age．They encourage students to make more effort．
It is important to recall that for most of century, educators used intelligence tests to decide which children should get a high - quality education．The point of IQ testing was to find out how much children were capable of learning rather than to test what they had actually learned．Based on IQ scores, millions of children were assigned to dumbed-down programs instead of solid courses in science, math, history, literature and foreign language．
This history reminds us that tests should be used to improve education．Every child should have access to a high-quality education．Students should have full opportunity to learn what will be tested; otherwise their scores will merely reflect whether they come from an educated family．
In the past few years, we have seen the enormous benefits that flow to disadvantaged students because of the information provided by state tests．Those who fall behind are now getting extra instruction in after-school classes and summer programs．In their efforts to improve student performance, states are increasing teachers’salaries, testing new teachers and insisting on better teacher education．
Performance in education means the mastery of both knowledge and skills．This is why it is reasonable to test teachers to make sure they know their subject matter, as well as how to teach it to young children．And this is why it is reasonable to assess whether students are ready to advance to the next grade or graduate from high school．
1．According to the passage, school exams enable ______．
A．teachers to understand if their students have made efforts
B．parents to compare their kids' achievements across schools
C．students to meet their teachers' requirements
D．governments to make right policies
2．"Dumbed - down programs" in Paragraph 3 refer to the programs which .
A. lead to high-quality education B. are less academically challenging
C. are intended for intelligent students D. enable children to make steady progress
3．Which of the following does the author probably agree with
A．Disadvantaged students can benefit from state tests．
B．Tests should focus on what students have actually learned．
C．Intelligent tests decide if children should get a high - quality education．
D．Intelligent tests are helpful in separating excellent students from poor ones．
4．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To re-assess the value of IQ testing．
B．To defend the role of testing in education．
C．To explain what high-quality education means．
D．To call for thorough and complete reform in education．
B
Post Login Register Support[21世纪教育网
Sourcing assistant neededPosted On: Sunday, 28 March, 2010, 17:27Expires On: Monday, 27 September, 2010, 17:27Indian company’s Shanghai office is now looking for a local Chinese girl, who can speak fluent English, and has at least one year experience in trading business. Healthcare working experience would be an advantage.Main responsibilities are: sourcing for new suppliers, factory visiting, negotiating and orders following up…Interested candidates can email me your expected salary, resume and current photo to: sarah @ , Miss Sarah Wang for more details. Thanks.
Senior Interior DesignerPosted On: Sunday, 10 January, 2010, 11:50Expires On: Wednesday, 09 June, 2010, 11:50Reply to: linette, killbourn @ rhdesign. RHK Design is seeking a Senior Interior Designer for our corporate projects. Your primary role is to work closely with our American and European clients to deliver the international design solution they require. You must have an ability to work with 8 individual managers to negotiate space needs and requirements, and communicate your designs to your design support team. In depth knowledge of interesting and innovative (创新的) materials is required. Travel throughout China may be required.
Customer Service AssistantPosted On: Monday, 01 February, 2010, 15:25Expires On: Tuesday, 31 August, 2010, 15:25Reply to: chinasemeste: @ Compensation(报酬): RMB 8-10KType of job: Full-timeContract: One year contract or longerJob Category: Customer ServiceRequirements:—B.A, or B.S. degree; foreigners only:—1 year’s working experience desired, preferably in customer service or hospitality industry—Responsible, pleasant personality and self-motivated.—Customer-oriented with good communication and interpersonal skills—Good command of both spoken and written English; Putonghua is an advantage but not a must Work Load: 5-day-work; national holidaysMonthly Salary: Around RMB 8-10 K
Female English Tutor Needed Posted On: Tuesday, 05 January, 2010, 03:38Expires On: Friday, 01 October, 2010, 03:28Reply to: zsj123@ A girl is looking for an oral English tutorLocation: close to Metro Line SixTime: twice a week , in the evening and weekend, 1.5 hrs at a timeRate: 200/h[来源:21世纪教育网]Student: 10 years oldRequirements: From America: female; experienced
5. We can know from the first two ads that .
A. to be a sourcing assistant, you need to be very persuasive
B. RHK Design deals with business from European countries
C. to work for RHK Design, you need to be very experienced in trading
D. a girl from Beijing is very likely to be employed by the Indian Company
6. If you are an American woman looking for a part-time job, you can contact _ .
A. sarah @ B. linette, killbourn @ rhdesign.
C. zsj123@ D. chinasemeste: @
7. For one who doesn’t mind traveling a lot, which of the positions above can be considered
A. Sourcing assistant. B. Female English Tutor.
C. Senior Interior Designed. D. Customer Services Assistant.
8. Which of the following statements about the third position is TRUE
A. Nationalities are not required for the position.
B. There’s a requirement of maximum service period.
C. The deadline for application is July the 31st.
D. Communication skills are requested a must.
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-5 DCDBD 6-10 ACABA 11-15 CBABC
第二节 16—20. BDACB 21-25 ADCBD 26-30 ACDBC 31-35 DABCC
第三节 1-4 DBAB 5—8 ACCD人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.earthquake ( )
2.burst( )
3. million( )
4. event( )
5. nation( )
6. steam( )
7. ruin( )
8. injure( )
9. destroy( )
10. shock( )
11. rescue( )
12.trap( )
13. bury( )
14. damage( )
15. judge( )
II.核心短语
1. right ____________ 立刻，马上
2. ____________ an end 结束；终结
3. dig ___________ 掘出；发现
4. think ___________ of 考虑的少，满不在乎
5. lose ___________ 失去希望
6. be ___________ in 被困在
7. in ___________ 严重受损；破败不堪
8.a (great) ____________ of 许多；大量的
9. tens of _____________ of 数以万计的
10. be ____________ of 以……而自豪
11. run out ____________ 用完， 从……跑出
12. _____________ if 好像
13. fall _____________ 倒塌
14. _____________ train 乘火车
15. act ____________ 表演
16. give ___________ 用完，发布
17. quite ___________ few 颇多
18. put ___________ shelters 搭建避难所
19. ___________ that special day 在那个特殊的日子
20. get away ___________ 离开……
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
[典例]
1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。
2). The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。
3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.
一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。
4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。
[重点用法]
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭
2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
[典例]
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。
[重点用法]
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队
a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员
3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
[典例]
1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。
4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
[重点用法]
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……
as far as I judge 我认为
judging from… 从……来看， 根据……判断
4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
[典例]
1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。
2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。
[重点用法]
be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空
ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭
II.重点词组
1. right away 立刻，马上
[典例]21世纪教育网
1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。
2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。
[短语归纳]
“立刻，马上”的表达方式：
right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time
2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）[来源:21世纪教育网]
[典例]
1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。21世纪教育网
[短语归纳]
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end of 在……末尾 by the end of 在……末为止
in the end 最后，终于 at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态
make ends meet 收支相抵
3. instead of 代替，而不是
[典例]
1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。
2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。
3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.
她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
[短语归纳]
instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。
instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。
in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。21世纪教育网
take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。
4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
[典例]
1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
[短语归纳]
hundreds of数百的 hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of数千的 millions of数百万的
dozens of许多； 大量 scores of 许多； 大量
III.重点句型
1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。
[解释] 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。21世纪教育网
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
（1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.
因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
（3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
（4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
（5）现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。
（6）“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[解释]All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。
I don’t know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。
表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：
Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story.
并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。
Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。
Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。
Neither of the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。
三、语法突破
定语从句（I）21世纪教育网
高中英语定语从句详解
定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名 词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从 结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：
1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack
三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：
signs是：被修饰的名词；
that是：关系词；
that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句
2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中：
those是：被修饰的名词；
who是：关系词;
who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：
被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)
要点提示：
1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .
他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
（本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations
people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系）。 又例如：
Rude people are those （先行词） whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect
for the rules（先行词） that(关系词) the majority follows .
不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。
由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。）
2）"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。
这 个意思就是说，假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"，那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行 词"。"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。比如说，同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词"，如果它在从句中作主语，"关系词"就得用表示"人 的意义"的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。另外，有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却 与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。例如：
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.
我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .
有许多声音有意义但不是词。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .
如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：
tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )
告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。
(一) 关系词
从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。
定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。
1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .
我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .
whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果 whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：
Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now
刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？
Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .
昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。
(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。)
Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now （错误）
(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)
whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。
which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：
Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
I've got a novel which you may like to read .
我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。
That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。
that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如：
Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。
Who is the girl to that you talked just now （错误）
要点提示：
定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：
This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday .
这就是你昨天找的那本书。
I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .
我不喜欢你看的这本小说。
Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about
你们谈论的那个人是谁？
定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .
（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .
（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。
关系代词that 和which的区别
that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ：
-- 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：
Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .
任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。
There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。
They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。
-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .
我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。
然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：
-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：
The world in which we live is made of matter .
我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
The world that we live in is made of matter.
（正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。）
我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。
The world in that we live is made of matter.
（错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。）
-- 在非限定性定语从句（关于这一点随后就要讲解）中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .
太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。
-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 （常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中）
Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .
你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。
People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .
你描述的这种人现在很少见了。
This computer has the same functions as that one has .
这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。
非限定性定语从句 （as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。）
As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。
They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.
可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。
Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。
2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。
when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如：
People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .
人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。
He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。
We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。
where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。
He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。
That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .
那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。
why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：
He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy .
他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。
The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .
她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。
They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .
他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。
介词+关系代词
在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：
A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：
A）动词与介词的搭配
He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" ）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （ talk to + 名词 "与某人谈话" ） 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。
He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词+ rent at + 表示价格的词 "某物以某价格出租" ）
他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。
B）名词与介词的搭配
They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . （ in the house "在屋子里" ）
他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。
We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。
She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .（ to extend "到某种程度" ） 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。
C）形容词与介词的搭配
The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")
老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。
I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（ eager for "渴望得到…" ） 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。
He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .
(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。
2）定语从句的种类
在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。
非限定性定语从句
非 限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全 句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在 中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。
例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）
更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在 部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。
专项训练
1．Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world．
A．that B．which C．it D．who
2．Is there anything else you require
A．which B．that C．who D．what
3．The last place we visited was the Great Wall．
A．which B．that C．where D．it
4．He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school．
A．which B．who C．it D．that
5．The railway tunnel, though the train goes, will be completed soon．
A．which B．that C．it D．whom
6．His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made．
A．that B．which C．where D．there
7．There is no dictionary you can find everything．
A．that B．which C．where D．in that
8．Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming．
A．which B．that C．when D．where
9．Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming．
A．which B．that C．when D．where
10．I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm．
A．which B．where C．when D．who
11．He wanted to know the time he needed to know ．
A．that B．when C．where D．what
12．There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities．
A．that B．which C．where D．as
13．They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English ．
A．that B．which C．as D．what
14．The stems of bamboo are hollow makes them very light．
A．which B．as C．that D．it
15．Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely ．
A．as B．which C．that D．this
16．They’ve invited me to their party , is kind of them．
A．as B．which C．That D．this
17． we know now ,bats come out only at night ．
A．As B．Which C ．That D．What
18．John got beaten in the game , had been expected ．
A．as B．that C．what D．who
19． has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules．
A．Which B．What C．That D．As
20．Do you know the reason he was late
A．that B．which C．for what D．for which
21．He built a telescope he could study the skies．
A．in which B．with that C．through which D．by it
22．I have bought two ballpens , writes well ．
A．none of which B．neither of which C．none of them D．neither of them
23．There are two thousand students in our school , are girls ．
A．of whom two thirds B．two -thirds of them
C．two -third in them D．two -thirds in which
24．Do you know the man
A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke C．I spoke to D．that I spoke
25．The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ．
A．where B．in which C．which D．to which
26．This is one of the best films this year．
A．have been shown B．that have shown C．that have been shown D．which has been shown
27．Can you lend me the book the other day
A．you talked about B．about that you talked C．that you talked D．which you talked
28．Is there any one in you class family is in the city ．
A．who B．who’s C．which D．whose
29．I’ll never forget the days we stayed together．
A．when B．in which C．which D．what
30．Is some German friends visited last week
A．this school B．this the school C．this school one D．this school where
31．I’ll tell you he told me last month ．
A．all which B．all what C．that all D．all
32．Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday
A．for why B．for that C．which D．why
33．I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress．
A．which B．in which…… C．on that D．on which
34．I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need ．
A．in which , / B．where , which C．which , that D．that , that
35．Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long．
A．where B．when C．that D．on which
36．The train she was travelling was late．
A．which B．on which C．for which D．on that
37．The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945．
A．during which B．in that C．where D．on which
38．Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn
A．that B．/ C．which D．it
39．This is the best hotel in the city I know ．
A．which B．that C．where D．it
40．I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library ．
A．that B．/ C．which D．they
41．The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all．
A．which B．who C．that D．whose
42．She hasn’t got enough money to buy the rings ．
A．which B．that C．with which D．for which
43．Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term．
A．which B．since C．that D．till
44．We hope to get such a tool he is using ．
A．which B．as C．that D．where
45．Is there anything to you ．
A．that is belonged B．that belongs C．which belongs D．that belong
46．You can take any seat is free ．
A．which B．where C．that D．in which
47．The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher．
A．of them B．of which C．of whom D．of who
48．My hometown is no longer the same it used to be ．
A．which B．as C．that D．like
49．You may take anything useful ．
A．you want B．what you want C．you want them D．which you want
50．He tore up my photo and upset me ．
A．that B．it C．which D．what
51．During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns．
A．followed B．following C．to follow D．that followed
52．The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers ．
A．that B．wearing which C．worn by D．in which
53．The clever boy made a hole in the wall , he could see what was going on inside the house．
A．in which B．through which C．at which D．on which
54．The brave man , the tiger was shor is a good bunter．
A．by which B．by whom C．by that D．of whom
55．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ．
A．with which B．with it C．with that D．which
【答案】：
1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C
11 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B 17 A 18 A 19 D 20 D
21 C 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 A 28 D 29 A 30 B
31 D 32 D 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 B 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 A
41 C 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 B 46 C 47C 48 B 49 A 50A
51 D 52 D 53 B 54 B 55 A
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
1. By making friends with native speakers, one can ____________ a lot of their languages.
A. set up B. pick up
C. bring up D. take up
2. Unfortunately, at least 20 miners were killed , 20 ____________ and 13 _____________ in the coal mine gas explosin.
A.injuring ; trapping B. injured ; trapped
C. injured ; trapping D. injuring ; trapped
3. It was reported that 115 miners ____________ in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last.
A. Transformed B. trapped
C. defeated D. stained
4. The scientist knew nothing about the matter , because he was always ____________ himself in his study.
A. burying B. devoting
C．focusing D.concentrating
5. This book gives a brief _____________ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall
A．outline B．reference
C．article D．outlook
6．(2012·山东鄄城一中期中考试)He is one of the most excellent students in our class，and he always _____________ himself in his studies
A．buries B. hides21世纪教育网
C．covers D．1eaves
7．Hearing the old man’s ______________ experiences in Africa，we all couldn’t help _____________ laughing
A．amused；bursting out B．amusing；bursting into
C．amused；bursting into D．amusing：bursting out
8. —We____________ hope you will get a nice result on the NationaI Games
—Thank you very much
A．rapidly B．properly
C．gradually D. sincerely
9. — Doctor，it looks___________ Billy has a little trouble.
— Don’t worry．I’ll go down and see him right away
A. as if B. even if
C. ever since D．as for
10．He told me he married well but ____________ his expression, he isn’t leading a happy life now.
A．judged from B．judging by
C．judged D. to judge
11．—The news of Sharon’s death came as a(n) _____________ to us all
—I still can’t accept it
A．suffering B．disappointment
C．shock D．excitement
12．His film is sure to win the award because it _____________ by most people．
A．thinks well of B．is thought well
C．is well thought D. is well thought of
13. ----Don’t you think that was a____________ night
-----Yes，we were almost ___________ to death by the shaking of the earth
A．frightened；frightened B．frightening；frightening
C．frightening；frightened D．frightened；frightening
14. Nowadays，people usually think if you enter a key university，you are your parents __________.
A．pride B．1uck
C．value D．cheer
15．-----I was riding along the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.
—you can never be___________ careful in the street.
A．very B．too
C．so D．much
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And ___1___ otherwise assigned（指定）a seat by the teacher, I always ___2___ to sit at the back of the classroom.
All this ___3___ after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a crazy ___4___ because I didn’t have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the ___5___ to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “___6___ for it”, I wouldn’t have decided to give a try.
Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the ___7___of it! When I first started ___8___ the practice sessions, I didn’t even know the rules of the game, much ___9___ what I was doing. Sometimes I’d get ___10___ and take a shot at the wrong direction—which made me feel really stupid. ___11___, I wasn’t the only one “new” at the game, so I decided to ___12___ on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t ___13___ “just yet”.
I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the ___14___ and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating. Very soon the competitive ___15___ in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the ___16___ — friends who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun!
With my ___17___ self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from ___18__ in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, ___19___ raising my hand — even when I sometimes wasn’t and not 100 percent ___20___ I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.
1. A. as B. until C. unless D. though
2. A. hoped B. agreed C. meant D. chose
3. A. continued B. changed C. settled D. started
4. A. idea B. plan C. belief D. saying
5. A. right B. chance C. ability D. patience
6. A. going B. looking C. cheering D. applying21世纪教育网
7. A. point B. half C. rest D. basis21世纪教育网
8. A. enjoying B. preparing C. attending D. watching
9. A. less B. later C. worse D. further
10. A. committed B. motivated C. embarrassed D. confused
11. A. Interestingly B. Fortunately C. Obviously D. Hopefully
12. A. focus B. act C. rely D. try
13. A. want B. do C. support D. know
14. A. steps B. orders C. rules D. games
15. A. roles B. part C. mind D. value
16. A. process B. operation C. movement D. situation
17. A. expressed B. improved C. preserved D. recognized
18. A. dreaming B. playing C. relaxing D. hiding
19. A. by B. for C. with D. to
20. A. lucky B. happy C. sure D. satisfied
第三节 阅读理解
A
An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same town.
In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the "If All of Seattle Read the Same Book " project in 1998. Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong.
In Chicago, the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the "One Book, One Chicago" program. As a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.
The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity can be achieved. Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point, putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.
As Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.
1. What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy
A. To invite authors to guide readers. B. To encourage people to read and share.
C. To involve people in community service. D. To promote the friendship between cities.
2. According to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out
A. In large communities with little sense of unity
B. In large cities where libraries are far from home
C. In medium-sized cities with a diverse population
D. In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached
3. The underlined words “shared a word” in Paragraph 5 probably mean .
A. exchanged ideas with each other
B. discussed the meaning of a word
C. gained life experience
D. used the same language
4. According to Nancy, the degree of success of the project is judged by .
A. the careful selection of a proper book
B. the growing popularity of the writers
C. the number of people who benefit from reading
D. the number of books that each person reads
B
The Internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village -- you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationship with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the Internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.
The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.
This is not, of course, to say that the Internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to move to the other side of the world.
In one sense, that’s a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The Internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually.21世纪教育网
5. What is stressed in the first paragraph
A. The present situation of the Internet.
B. The difficulty in communication on the Internet.
C. The socially valuable function of the Internet.
D. The role of the human mind in the Internet communication.
6. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “__________”.
A. appointment B. connection C. interview D. agreement
7. According to the passage, the author holds the view that _________ .
A. the Internet fails to play so valuable a role in communication as it promised
B. the Internet determines the quality of social relationships
C. the Internet greatly increases the size of social circles
D. the Internet communication is no less effective than the face-to-face talk
8. What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the Internet to strengthen relationships
A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of it.
C. He approves of it. D. He doubts it.
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-5 BBBAA 6-10 ADDAB 11-15 CDCAB
第二节 CDBAC ABCAD BADCB ABDDC
第三节 BDAC DBAD人教版英语必修一（必背材料）Unit 1 Friendship 重难点解析
重点词语
1. be good to 对…好 2. be good at 擅长...
3. add up 合计 4. have a good look at 好好看一看
5. another time 改时间 6. get sth. done 使…被做
7. calm down 镇定下来 8. have got to 不得不
9. be concerned about/for 关心；挂念 10. walk the dog 遛狗
11. make a list of 列出 12. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
13. go through 经历；仔细检查 14. hide away 躲藏；隐藏
15. set down 放下；记下 16. a series of 一系列；一套
17. grow/be crazy about 对…着迷 18. on purpose 故意
19. in order to/ so as to 为了 20. face to face 面对面地
21. according to 按照；根据…所说 22.get along/on with 与…相处
23. pack up 收拾，打理行装 24. fall in love 相爱
25. throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 26. join in 参加（活动）
municate with sb 和…交际 28. cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物
29. have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯
30. form a habit of… 养成…的习惯
31. be ignorant of 无知的
32. have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有麻烦
33. have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦
34. have difficulty with sth. 做…有困难
35. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做…有困难
36. disagree with sb. 不同意某人的看法 37. agree with sb. 同意，赞成
38. at dusk 在黄昏时刻 39. at dawn 在黎明时刻
40. be worried about 担忧、担心 41. be concerned with 与…有关
42. stay awake 保持清醒 43. suffer from 遭受
44. recover from 从… 中恢复、康复 45. settle down 定居
46.be/get tired of 对…厌倦、厌烦 47.be tired from/ with 因…而厌倦、疲倦
48.no longer/ not…any longer 不再 49.too much/many 太多
50.tie up 绑、系、拴 51.take no notice of 不注意
52. by accident/chance 偶然的 53.make friends with 与某人交朋友
54.do/deal with 处理、对付 55.share joys and sorrows 同甘共苦
56.two years and a half / two and a half years 两年半
57.laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 58.the night before 前天晚上
59.on the highway 在高速路上 60.receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信
61.write to sb. 给某人写信 62.swap sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
63.with the light on 开着灯 64.with so many clothes on 穿着这么多衣服
65.take the final exam 进行期末考试 66.be grateful to sb. for sth.因…而感激某人
67.one by one/one after another 一个接一个 68. go outdoors 到室外
69.ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议 70.take/follow sb. advice 采纳…的建议
重点句子
1. I wonder if… 我想知道是否….
2. It’s because… 这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。
4. What do you think a good friend should be like 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？
5. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
=While you were walking the dog,…在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds,
moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。
11. She found it difficult to settle and…她发现定居下来很难…
12. I still find it hard to make good friends with them.我仍然发现同他们交朋友很难。
13. This series of readers is very interesting.
14. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
15. I didn`t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.直到窗户关上，我才敢下楼。
16. Why not have a try = Why don`t you have a try 为什么不试一试？
重难点句型
1. get /have sth./ sb. to do ; get/ have sth./ sb. doing; get/ have sth./ sb. done
2. keep sb. / sth. + a. / ad. / doing / done 使……保持某种状态
3. happen to do … ; It happens(ed) that … 碰巧……
4. have difficulty / trouble ( in ) doing 某人做某事有困难
There is difficulty / trouble ( in ) doing 做某事有困难
have difficulty / trouble with sth.
5. It / This is the first / second …time that +主语+have / has done.
It / This was the first / second / third … time that + 主语+ had done.
意为“某人第几次做某事”
6. It will be + 时间段 + before … 得过多久才…
It will not be + 时间段+ before … 用不了多久就…
It was + 时间段+ before … 过了多久之后才……
It wasn’t long before … 没过多久就……人教新课标版高一必修一Unit 2 English around the world期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.official ( )
2. base( )
3. gradually( )
4. fluently( )
5. frequent( )
6. command( )
7. expression( )
8. recognize( )
9. contain( )
10. direct( )[来源:21世纪教育网]
11. native( )
12. block( )
13. identity( )
14. direction( )
15. actually( )
II.核心短语
1. ___________ of 由于，因为
2. at __________ 现在，目前
3. such __________ 例如
4. more __________ 不仅仅是， 不只是
5. communicate ___________ sb. 与……交流/交际
6. the ___________ of …… 的数量
7. ___________ it or not 信不信由你
8. come __________ 走进，上来
9. make __________ of 利用，使用
10. play a __________ in 扮演一个角色，参与
11. leave __________ 动身去某地
12. ___________ space 在太空
13. hold ___________ 稍候， 别挂断
14. turn ___________ 关掉
15. ____________ sea 乘轮船
16. feel ___________ 感到高兴
17. ____________ the corner 即将来临
18. take note ___________ 注意
19. build ___________ 增强
20. make ___________ 有意义
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
[典例]
1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。
2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3). Were you present when the decision was announced 宣布那项决定时你在场吗？
4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
5). May I present my new assistant to you 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。
[重点用法]
make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人
at present/ at the present time目前
be present at出席
present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握21世纪教育网
[典例]
1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]
command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
be in command of 控制…
be at one’s command 听任某人支配
have / take command of… 指挥…
[特别提醒]
command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求
[典例]
1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。.
2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]
at sb's request/at the request of sb应某人之请求
by request (of sb) 应（某人的）请求; 经（某人之）要求:
on request 一经要求:
request sth (from/of sb)要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事:
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
[典例]
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]
recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物
recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直
[典例]
1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
[典例]
1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
a block of 一大块
block out 堵住
block off 封锁；封闭
block up 堵塞；阻碍
II.重点词组
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
[典例]
1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。
2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3). Were you present when the decision was announced 宣布那项决定时你在场吗？
4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
5). May I present my new assistant to you 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。
[重点用法]
make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人
at present/ at the present time目前[来源:21世纪教育网]
be present at出席
present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握
[典例]
1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]
command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
be in command of 控制…
be at one’s command 听任某人支配
have / take command of… 指挥…
[特别提醒]
command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求
[典例]
1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。.
2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]
at sb's request/at the request of sb应某人之请求
by request (of sb) 应（某人的）请求; 经（某人之）要求:
on request 一经要求:
request sth (from/of sb)要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事:
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
[典例]
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]21世纪教育网
recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物
recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直
[典例]
1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块21世纪教育网21世纪教育网
[典例]
1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
a block of 一大块
block out 堵住
block off 封锁；封闭
block up 堵塞；阻碍
III.重点句型
1. Which country do you think has the most English learners
[解释]do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。
What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？
What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？
你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？
Why do you think their team could win the football match 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？
2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
[解释] than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：
The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。
三、语法突破
直接引语和间接引语（二）
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——>
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——>
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon ” ——>
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2、时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时
现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
例如：
“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——>
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——>
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV ” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus ” ——>
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there ” the teacher asked. ——>
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV ” ——>
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——>
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——>
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——>
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
例如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——>
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——>
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”——>
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine ”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
［注］：此处用had to代替must更好
8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
now then tomorrow the next（following）day
today that day next week the next（following）week（month, year）
yesterday the day before two days ago two days before
last week （month, year） the week（month, year）before this week that week（month, year）
2）指示代词：these 变成those
3）地点状语：here变成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——>
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation ”——>
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you ”——>
He asked whether I was interested in English.
3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French ”——>
He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train ”—— >
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What's your name ”——> He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country ”——>
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”——> He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——>
He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——>
The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——>
The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6）有些含有“建议”——>、“劝告”——>的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”——> He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”——> He offered to help me.
7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door ” he asked. ——>He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk ” he asked us. ——>
He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”——> She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day
直接引语和间接引语练习2
I. 请选出正确的答案：
1. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you ” she asked.
She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
2. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member ”
He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
3. He asked, “How are you getting along ”
He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along
4. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
5. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He ___me _____that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
6. Can you make sure ___________
A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here today
C. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today
7. Do you happen to know ________
A. where is her address B. in which place is her address
C. what her address is D. the place her address is
8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________
A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library
C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library
9. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.
A. how would I like B. if or not would I like
C. whether I would like D. which I would like
10. I’d like to know ________ Chinese.
A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn
C. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn
II. 将下列句子变为间接引语：
1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.
2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children”
3. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.
4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”
5. She said to him, “It’s time that you left here.”
6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”
8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July first,
1921.”
9. He said, “Are you a student ”
10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George ” she said.
11. “She’s here to ask for help, isn’t she ” he asked.
12. “Where are you going ” the father asked his son.
13. “Are you sorry for what you have done ” the mother asked the naughty boy.
14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li ”
15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.
16. “Please come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her.
17. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said.
18. “Don’t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher.
19. “What a lovely day it is!”
20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said.
III. 把下列句子变为直接引语：
1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.
2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.
3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.
4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.
5. The stranger asked me what my name was.
6. She said that she would finish her work the next day.
7. The teacher asked if we could do it.
8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.
9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.
10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.
答案
I. 1---5 B C C D D 6----10 A C D C A
II.
1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.
2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.
3. Mary said that she hadn’t heard from her parents those days.
4. The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.
5. She told him that it was time that he left there.
6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.
7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.
8. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July first,
1921.
9. He asked whether I was a student.
10. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.
11. He asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.
12. The father asked his son where he was going.
13. The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done.
14. She asked Mr. Li whether he had met that man at the station two hours before.
15. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.
16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next/ following day.
17. He offered to pack the parcel for me.
18. The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.
19. He/ She exclaimed that it was really a lovely day.
20. He wished me a Happy New Year.
III.
1. I said to him, “I have lost my money. I will find it.”
2. She asked, “You will be free tomorrow, won’t you ”
3. I asked her, “Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow ”
4. His father said, “Don’t climb this high tree in your new coat.”
5. The stranger asked, “What’s your name ”
6. “I’ll finish my work tomorrow,” she said.
7. The teacher asked, “Can you do it ”
8. The commander ordered his men, “Don’t cross the river before dawn.”
9. My teacher asked, “Is he coming ”
10. The scientist asked me, “What are you doing ”
四、单元自测
第一节 单项选择
第一节 . 单项填空
1．(2012·浙江台州四校联考)One of Jobs’unique contributions to Apple is his ability to__________ when the public may finally be ready to adopt such a technology。
A．create B．admit
C．recognize D．adjust
2．(2012. 厦门外国语学校段考)This argument sounds reasonable, but_________it’s incorrect
A．actually B．fortunately
C．naturally D．obviously
3．My mother ___________ recovered from her illness after taking the new medicine
A．gradually B．frequently
C．fluently D.especially
4. It is known to everybody that________ lorry plays__________ important part in transporting the goods
A．the；an B．／；the
C. / ; an D. the ; the
5·David spent all his money going on a _________ cross the oceans. round the world，which made his wife very angry
A．travel B．tour
C. voyage D．trip21世纪教育网
6．The teacher made a __________that all the students should arrive at the classroom before class
A．request B．promise
C．decision D. change
7. On arriving at the gate of the supermarket，I saw a beggar _________ to me and asked for money
A. come up B．come off
C. come through D. come at
8，(2012. 福建厦门市三校联考)How did a11 these __________
A. came out B．come up
C. come across D．come about
9. ___________ the extreme fire danger，campfires are not allowed except at Mather and Desert View campgrounds．
A.Because of B．Because
C.Since D．As
10. You must make use of any opportunity you have__________English．
A．spoken B．speaking
C．to speaking D．to speak
11．(2012·山东鄄城一中期)Nobody knows the man killed in the accident，so it is difficult for the police to find out his __________.
A.thought B．height
C．weight D．identity
12.For example. we can take a subway or bus to work __________driving private cars to reduce greenhouse gas．
A．thanks to B．in spite of
C．instead of D. due to
13. The manager commanded that all the gates__________at once.
A．would be shut B．be shut
C．should shut D．shut
14．It is so nice to hear from her. ___________，we last met more than thirty years ago．
A. What’more B．That is to say
C．In other words D．Believe it or not
15. (2012·浙江台州四校联考)Nicholas Allegra，a teenage hacker，__________ a fine position at Apple
A．come up with B．end up with
C．go through with D．get away with
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But 1 are these really, and how do ____2 operate
Leadership today is not about ___3 others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short- term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something 4 their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will ___5 more harm in the long term, and they will also experience fear.
Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to___ 6 at his or her best. If they associate you with this 7 of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, 8 possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. __9 has no place in leadership. 21世纪教育网
The way we influence people ___10 a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, 11 may be part of the day work; or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully ___12 to the projects and provide some of their own motivation. Today's work place is all about 13 .
As a human being as 14 as a worker, everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders __15 the way things work. They know the pay check is not the 16 most motivating factor in the work life of most people.
The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that __17 from the confidence of emotional intelligence--knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and ___18 of others. Developing your emotional__19 is the single best thing you can do if you want to __20__your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.
1. A. where B. how C. what D. who
2.A. we B. they C. I D. you
3.A. forcing B. making C. hoping D. agreeing
4.A. with B. for C. according to D. against21世纪教育网
5.A. do B. give C. make D. order
6.A. open B. carry C. function D. cause
7.A. sense B. emotion C. appearance D. absence
8.A. and B. so C. or D. but
9.A. Fear B. Employment C. Anger D. Affection
10.A. with B. in C. by D. through
11.A. what B. that C. which D. it
12.A. occurred B. addicted C. accustomed D. devoted
13.A. relationships B. powers C. motivations D. factors
14.A. well B. soon C. good D. far21世纪教育网
15.A. teaches B. understand C. feels D. admires
16.A. just B. complete C. single D. effective
17.A. gets B. comes C. takes D. separates
18.A. that B. one C. those D. these
19.A. strength B. experience C. confidence D. intelligence
20.A. develop B. bring C. affect D. spread
单元自测答案：
第一节 1-5 CAAAC 6-10 AADAD 11-15 DCBDB
第二节 1-5CBADA 6-10 CADAB 11-15CDAAB 16-20 CBCDA
