北师大版（2019） 必修第一册Unit 1 Life Choices Grammar 语法动词不定式课件（38张ppt）

(共38张PPT)
The Infinitive
Unit 1 Grammar
To do的形式（以动词write为例）
主动 被动
一般式 to write to be written
进行式 to be writing /
完成式 to have written to have been written
否定式：not + (to) do
I、动词不定式的形式
1. 一般时：表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在之后发生。如：
I planned to attend the meeting.
2. 完成时：不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
3. 进行时：不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：
They are said to be working hard.
II、动词不定式的作用
Functions of Infinitive
1 主语 (subject)
2 表语 (predicative)
3 宾语 (object)
4 宾补 (object complement)
5 定语 (attribute)
6 状语 (adverbial)
7 独立结构 (absolute construction)
1、不定式作主语 (subject)
To keep smiling is healthy for you.
It’s important to look up the new
words in the dictionary when you
study English.
单个不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
若不定式太长, 往往用it作形式主语, 不定式后置。
2. 作表语 (Predicative)
My dream is to be a great football player.
My purpose is to help you solve your problem
注①：不定式to let, to blame,做表语时，用主动形式，表被动。
The house is to let．　
I felt I was to blame for this accident．　
The cause of the great fire is far to seek．
　
All you have to do is (to) finish the
job quickly.
如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。
Jeremy Lin likes to play basketball.
The girl decided to do it herself.
We hope to get there before dark.
3、不定式作宾语 (object)
4、不定式作宾补 (object complement)
My mum asks me to play the piano
two hours every day.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.
引导不定式作宾补的动词：
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等
+ sb. to do sth.
notice
listen to
hear
watch
五看
see
look at
observe
三使
let
make
have
二听
一感觉:
feel
+ sb. do sth.
（不带to）
1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from
the tree.
The boy was seen to fall suddenly
from the tree.
当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：
Mother made John wash the car for
a week.
John was made to wash the car for
a week.
3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides
后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的
各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to,
相反则带to。
1) She could do nothing but cry.
2) I have no choice but to go.
3) What do you like to do besides sleep.
(1). 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(常常表示将来的动作)
(a) She was very busy and had no time
to visit her friends.
(b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have
something important to tell you.
5、不定式作定语 (attribute)
(2). 当被the first, the last, the only等词以及形容词最高级修饰时
eg: She is always the first to come and
the last to leave.
(3). something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
eg: I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
(5). 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需
适当的介词。
Please pass me some paper to write____.
She has a nice pen to write _____.
He bought a flat for the family to live ____
on
(4). 也可用在have … to do和there be
句型中。
There is no one to take care of her.
I have no jewelry to wear.
with
in
eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order)
to be heard.
1) 表示目的: to
in order to
so as to
6、不定式作状语 (adverbial)
2) 表示原因:
不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作
状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad,
eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong,
slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed
等。
eg: I’m glad / pleased to see you.
We were surprised to hear the news.
so + adj. / adv. + as to do …
such + n. + as to do …
adj. / adv. + enough + to do
too + adv. / adj. + to do
He was so foolish as to believe it.
= He was such a fool as to believe it.
= He was foolish enough to believe it.
We hurried to the station only to find the
train had left.
3) 结果状语:
To tell the truth, I am not happy at the
moment.
to be frank
to be honest
to tell the truth
7、独立结构 (absolute construction)
8. 与疑问词等连用
He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important. (主语)
My question is when to start. (表语)
不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
1. It is + for sb. to do sth.
常用句型:
It is difficult for you to read this book.
2. It is + of sb. to do sth.
It is silly of you to say so.
注意: 对of后的宾语称赞或责备时,
用此句型.
for sb. to do sth./ of sb. to do sth.
常用句型:
III、动词不定式的符合结构
The question is very difficult to answer.
The problem is difficult to deal with.
1. 主语 + be + adj. + to do
能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome
(使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.
IV、动形式表被动意义的不定式
The box is light enough to carry.
The river water is warm enough to
swim in.
2. 主语 + be + adj. + enough + to do
The books seemed too heavy to carry.
The ice is too thin to skate on.
3. 主语 + be + too + adj. + to do
1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make, let , have 或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 等，不定式不带to.
2. 在下列结构后 had better, would rather, would rather…than, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, can’t help but 等
3. Why…. 或 why not … 表建议
V、动词不定式的省略
Review
1. It is good to help others.
2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.
3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.
I. Identify its function.
(subject)
(subject)
(predicative)
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.
6. A big company has decided to buy it from me.
7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.
(attribute)
(attribute)
(object)
(object)
8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life.
9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.
10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.
(adverbial)
(adverbial)
(object complement)
1. 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。
____________________ are both great happiness.
2. 据说他已经完成了他的工作。
He is said _________________________
________.
3. 根据报道他们已安全到达。
They are reported ___________________.
To love and to be loved
to have finished/completed
his work
II. Translation.
to have arrived safely
4. 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。
I want this bike _____________________
______________.
5. 玛莉仿佛已经被告知此事了。
Mary seemed ______________________.
6. 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚
金牌。
He is known _________________ a gold medal at the Olympics.
to be repaired at once
to have been told about it
to have been given
/immediately
III. 阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法性和
上下文连贯的要求，在空格处使用括
号中词语的正确形式填空。
Children aren’t born knowing that some people may be different from them. Children have to be taught what disabilities are so that they can understand them. They also have to know how _______ (treat) people with disabilities.
to treat
Talking to your kids about disabilities is an important aspect of the parenting role. Your children should know that it is wrong ________ (make) fun of people just because they are different. Children need to learn _________ (respect) others if they themselves want _____________ (respect). It is parents’ job _________ (make) sure their children understand disabilities and treat all people kindly.
to make
to respect
to be respected
to make
I want to tell you something ...
Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the passage is given below.
For example
Hi, I want to tell you something. I will go
to Ruian for shopping this afternoon. Do
you want to go with me First, I’d like to
go to Kaitai Store. But to be frank, most
of time I am there only to do some
window shopping, because everything is
expensive. Then, I plan to go to HongQiao
Road to buy some clothes. I like to try the
new fashion style of this season. By the
way, do you know anything to entertain us
If so, I can’t wait to have a try!
Why not come and join me
Thank you!