中考英语二轮语法总复习课件 专题十二 并列句和主从复合句 课件(共43张PPT)

(共43张PPT)
复合句考察点包括并列句和并列连词、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句
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专题十二 并列句和主从复合句
习
中
考点一 并列句和并列连词
01
常见的并列连词
关系 常用连词 例句
顺承、递进、并列关系 and, both…and…, not only… but also…, neither… nor…等 I help him and he helps me.
My sister not only sings well, but also dances well.
转折关系 Don’t talk in class! I bought my sister a present, but she didn’t like it.
选择关系 Don’t + be + adj. Is it a boy or a girl
因果关系 Don’t be late again! They were making a lot of noise, so the teacher got angry.
考点一 并列句和并列连词
02
不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词
（1）because(因为)，so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。如：
Because he was tired, he couldn't walk there.
=He was tired, so he couldn't walk there.
考点一 并列句和并列连词
03
and和or用于否定句中的区别
（1）当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时，用and连接;当列举成分在否定词之后时，用or构成完全否定。
I can't sing or dance.
Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese.
考点一 并列句和并列连词
03
and和or用于否定句中的区别
（2）在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词, 那么用and, 而不用or。
There is no water and no air on the moon.
（3）在否定句中,without之后若有列举成分，则用and连接，构成完全否定;在肯定句中,without之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定。
Man can’t live without air and water.
=Man will die without air or water.
考点二 状语从句
状语从句的定义
在主从复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开，位于句末时，其前一股不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
考点二 状语从句
01
时间状语从句
He was reading when I came in.
常用引导词有when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until等；特殊引导词有the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when等。如：
When he comes here, I will call you.
While the teacher is speaking, I am listening carefully.
考点二 状语从句
01
时间状语从句
I’ll tell him the news as soon as he arrives.
常用引导词有when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until等；特殊引导词有the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when等。如：
As soon as she got home, she threw her bag on the sofa.
考点二 状语从句
01
时间状语从句
I’ll wait for you till/until you come to see me.
常用引导词有when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until等；特殊引导词有the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when等。如：
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
考点二 状语从句
01
时间状语从句
I have worked in this school since I graduated from university.
It is 10 years since I began to study English.
常用引导词有when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until等；特殊引导词有the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when等。如：
考点二 状语从句
02
条件状语从句
I will go fishing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
We can’t pass the exam unless we study hard.
常用引导词有if, unless；特殊引导词有as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that。如：
考点二 状语从句
02
条件状语从句
Use your head, and you’ll find a way.
=If you use your head, you’ll find a way.
常用引导词有if, unless；特殊引导词有as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that。如：
考点二 状语从句
03
原因状语从句
My friends dislike me because I’m quiet.
常用引导词有because, since, as, for；特殊引导词有seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that。如：
Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone else for help.
考点二 状语从句
04
目的状语从句
I work hard so that I can go to college in the future.
常用引导词有so that, in order that；特殊引导词有 in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that。如：
He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.
=He worked day and night in order to succeed.
考点二 状语从句
04
目的状语从句
I work hard so that I can go to college in the future.
常用引导词有so that, in order that；特殊引导词有 in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that。如：
He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.
=He worked day and night in order to succeed.
考点二 状语从句
05
结果状语从句
He got up so early that he didn’t miss the first bus.
She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.
He is so young that he can’t go to school.
常用引导词有so… that, such … that；特殊引导词有such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that。如：
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_______they were talking, the bell rang.
A. While B. When C. What time D. By
03
【点拨】考查while引导的时间状语从句。when和while都有“当……的时候”之意。但while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。且while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。
【答案】A
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—The pollution in the sea is terrible!
—I believe the sea will be cleaner we take action now.
A. though B. if C. unless D. until
03
【点拨】考查连词词义辨析。句意：海里的污染很糟糕！我相信海洋将会变得更加干净，如果我们现在采取行动。根据上句“我相信海洋将会变得更加干净”和下句“我们现在采取行动”可知，上下句是互为条件的。if意为“如果”，引导从句，表条件。
【答案】B
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The doctor looks tired and sleepy ________ he stayed up late to look after his patients yesterday.
A. because B. if C. unless D.until
03
解析：考查引导结果状语从句的连接词。句意：—《哈利波特》是一本如此有趣的小说，我想再看一遍。—我同意你的说法。I want to read it again“我想再看一遍”是个句子，故排除B和D；an interesting novel “一本有趣的小说”是名词短语，需用形容词修饰。so是副词。
答案： C
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We will go ___________（无论在哪儿）the motherland needs us most.
03
解析：考查地点状语从句的引导词。句意：我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。go是不及物动词，在句中作谓语，wherever是副词，引导the motherland needs us most这个句子，修饰go，作状语。
答案： wherever
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—Many boy students think physics is________geography．
—I agree. I’ m weak in geography．
A. much difficult than B. as difficult as
C. less difficult than D. more difficult than
03
解析：考查比较状语从句。句意：—许多男学生认为物理不如地理难。—我同意。我不擅长地理。根据I agree. I’ m weak in geography. “我同意。我不擅长地理” 可推知，许多男学生认为物理不如地理难。 less…than “不如；不及”，than引导的比较状语从句。
答案： C
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—Harry Potter is ____ an interesting novel ____ I want to read it again.
— I agree with you.
A. so; that B. too; to C. such; that D. as; as
03
解析：考查引导原因状语从句的连接词。句意：这位医生看起来又困又累，他昨天因照顾病人而熬夜了。根据looks tired and sleepy “看起来又累又困”可猜测出，是由于昨天熬夜照顾病人了。because引导原因状语从句。
答案： A
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—What a mess! The sharing bikes are thrown everywhere.
—Let’s collect and put them in the right place _____ they can be used conveniently.
A. unless B. so that C. because D. so long as
03
解析：考查引导目的状语从句的连接词。句意：—太乱了！共享单车被扔的到处都是。—为了我们可以很便利地使用它们，让我们把它们整理一下放到合适的地方。由What a mess“太乱了”可推知，把单车整理一下放到合适的地方是为了方便使用。so that“为了；以便于”引导目的状语从句。
答案： B
考点三 宾语从句
01
宾语从句的含义
He knew who sang best in his class. (从句who sangbest in his class 放在动词 knew的后面,作宾语, who 是引导该从句的连接词)
I agree with what you said just now. (从句放在介词with的后面，作宾语,what是连接词)
置于动词、介词等后面,充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。无论何时宾语从句都是陈述句语序,即引导词(连接词)+主语+谓语+ 。例:
考点三 宾语从句
02
引导宾语从句的连接词
that: 没有词义, 只起连接作用, 用来引导意思完整的陈述句,可以省略。
(2) whether/if: "是否”,在从句中不作成分, 不可省略。通常可以互换,但是介词后面只能用whether。
I wonder if/whether he goes to work by car today.
考点三 宾语从句
02
引导宾语从句的连接词
(3) 特殊疑问词: 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来时,连接词就用原来的特殊疑问词, 但从句一定要注意用陈述句语序。
①连接代词: what, which, who, whom , whose (在宾从句中作主、宾、表和定语)
②连接副词: where, when, how, why (在宾语从句中作状语)
People don't know what is going to happen next. (what在宾语从句中作主语)
He asked me whose computer it is. ( whose在宾从中作定语)
Could you tell me why you were late this morning (why在宾语从句中作原因状语)
考点三 宾语从句
03
宾语从句应该注意两点
时态 需求原则 主句为一般现在时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定 I remember( that) he gave me a book yesterday.
She wonders when he will come back.
转折关系 呼应原则 主句为一般过去时,从句应用一种相应的过去时态 He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked me if I had had fun at the party.
语态 特殊原则 当从句为客观事实或真理时,从句永远用一般现在时 He told me that the earth goes around the sun. (真理)
语态 主谓顺序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序(先主后谓) What is his e-mail address
→Do you know what his e-mail address is
考点三 宾语从句
03
宾语从句应该注意两点
时态 需求原则 主句为一般现在时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定 I remember( that) he gave me a book yesterday.
She wonders when he will come back.
转折关系 呼应原则 主句为一般过去时,从句应用一种相应的过去时态 He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked me if I had had fun at the party.
语态 特殊原则 当从句为客观事实或真理时,从句永远用一般现在时 He told me that the earth goes around the sun. (真理)
语态 主谓顺序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序(先主后谓) What is his e-mail address
→Do you know what his e-mail address is
考点三 宾语从句
04
宾语从句的简化
情况 从句简化 例句
主、从句主语一致时 主句谓语动词hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等 hop/wish/decide/agree/ choose+ to do I hope that I can receive your e-mail.
=I hope to receive your e-mail.
特殊原则 主句谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn 等 know/remember/forget/learn +疑问词+to do She doesn't know what she can write about.
=She doesn't know what to write about.
主句的谓语动词接双宾语,从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致 ask/tell/show/teach + 疑问词+to do Will you please show me how I can work it out
=Will you please show me how to work it out
其他 简化为对应的名词或名词短语 I don't believe what Tom said.
= I don't believe Tom's words.
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1. I want to know if he ____ tomorrow. If he ____, I will call you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; comes
C. will come; will come D. comes; will come
03
【点拨】if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，从句时态的确定依据：主过从过、主现从需、从事从现；if引导状语从句时，意为“如果”，表条件，从句时态依据：主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现。tomorrow是一般将来时的时间状语标志。
【答案】B
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2. I don’t know _________.
A. what happened to him B. what did he happen
C. what he happened D. what happened him
03
【点拨】happen“发生”是不及物动词，其用法是sth. happen to sb.相当于sb. have sth.,对sth.提问应用what，疑问句的语序不变。类似用法的除了what之外，还有Which is the way to school Who helped us 等。
【答案】A
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3. I want to know _________next.
A. what to do B. where to do
C. how to do D. when to do
03
【点拨】what to do是宾语从句变来的简单句，相当于“what+主语+情态动词或助动词+do”。do是及物动词，后边必须加宾语。how to do it才是正确的，相当于“how +主语+情态动词或助动词+do it”；when to do 和how to do 用法同理。
【答案】A
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—Wow, your dress is really nice. Could you tell me ？
—In Beauty Clothes Store.
A. when you bought it B. how much you spent on it
C. where you bought it D. how long you have had it
03
解析：考查宾语从句连接词。由答语In Beauty Clothes Store“在美丽服装店”可知，上句询问地点，连接词应用where。
答案： C
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There is so much noise in the next room. I wonder____________.
A. what are they doing B what were they doing
C. what they are doing D. what they were doing
03
解析：考查宾语从句语序。句意：隔壁的房间如此吵闹，我想知道他们正在做什么。宾语从句使用陈述句语序，排除选项A、B；根据第一句及主句的时态可知宾语从句使用现在时态，排除选项D。
答案： C
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—Tom, I went to the party yesterday evening.
—Oh, I want to know at the party.
A. who do you meet B. who you meet
C. who did you meet D. who you met
03
解析：考查宾语从句的时态和语序。宾语从句要注意引导词、陈述语序、时态。 由上文yesterday evening可以判断下文谈论的是昨天晚上的晚会，故要用过去时，且宾语从句用陈述语序。
答案： D
考点四 定语从句
01
定语从句的基本知识
1.含义
在主从复合句中,放在名词或代词后面作定语的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。
2.关系词
引导定语从句的是关系词。分为两类;关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose A when, where, why。
3.结构
关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
考点四 定语从句
01
定语从句的基本知识
1.含义
在主从复合句中,放在名词或代词后面作定语的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。
2.关系词
引导定语从句的是关系词。分为两类;关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose A when, where, why。
3.结构
关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
考点四 定语从句
02
关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代对象 所作成分
that 人或物 主语或宾语
which 物 主语或宾语
who 人 主语或宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 宾语
考点四 定语从句
02
关系代词的用法
1.一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who, whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语。关系代词作谓语动词的宾语时可以省略。如果紧跟在介词后作介词的宾语,不能用that,只能用whom或which,且不能省略。who在从句中既可以作主语又可以作宾语;whom只能作宾语。whose在从句中作定语。例:
(1) He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
(2) I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.(先行词the day指时间,关系词在定语从句中作介词on的宾语,应用which)
(3) Yesterday I saw a film whose name is Mulan. (先行词film指物,与后面的名词name为所属关系,应用whose,在定语从句中作定语)
考点四 定语从句
02
关系代词的用法
类别 例句
先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词 All that glitters is not gold.
先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时 This is the only book that I can find.
先行词前面有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best book that I have ever read.
先行词前面有all, any, no等修饰时 I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句 Which is the hotel that you like best
2.先行词指物时，关系代词只能用that的情况
考点四 定语从句
03
关系副词的用法
1.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。例:
I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,常用于the reason why...。例：
We don't know the reason why he was late for school.
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。例:
That is the school where I studied three years ago.
This is the factory where my father works.
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This is the most exciting match _____ I have ever watched.
A. who B. which C. that D.whom
03
解析：考查定语从句关系代词的选择。句意：这是我曾经看过的最令人兴奋的比赛。先行词是match，排除A、D，先行词由形容词最高级修饰的时候，关系代词必须是that。
答案：C
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I like the city the people are really kind and friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
03
解析：考查定语从句关系词的选择。句意：我喜欢这座城市，这儿的人们很善良、友好。先行词the city表示地点，在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词选where。
答案： C