人教版（新课程标准）必修五Unit 3 Life in the future 单元测试(含答案)
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| 名称 | 人教版（新课程标准）必修五Unit 3 Life in the future 单元测试(含答案) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-09-23 07:04:21 | ||
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必修五 Unit 3 Life in the future
单元测试
一、阅读理解
A
When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clocks tell them they're done.
These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cellphones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules get in the way of creativity.
Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours, for example, a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, and each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways Does one make us more productive Better at the tasks at hand Happier In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities from project planning, holiday shopping to yoga by time or the to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs " task time”. They found clock-timers to the more efficient(有效率的) but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task-timers were happier and more creative, but less productive. They tended to enjoy the moment when something good was happening, and seized opportunities that came up.
The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and not be supported in the business culture. This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when we are performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.
1.What does the author say about clock-based work
A.It makes workers very tired.
B.It reminds workers to come to the office on time.
C.It makes workers aware of the precious time.
D.It may have a bad effect on the creativity.
2.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers
A.They seized opportunities as they came up.
B.They always got their work done in time.
C.They tended to be more productive.
D.They could control their life.
3.What do the researchers suggest
A.Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.
B.It is important to keep a balance between work and life.
C.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.
D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job judgment.
B
I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” (风格)of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office ”
Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的)in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop. ”
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, "Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile."
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office ” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it's about five minutes from here. ’’You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it ” They don’t know.
It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation A New Yorker might say, Sorry, I have no idea. But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don't know." People in Yucatan believe that “I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
1.When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually .
A.describe the place carefully B.show him a map of the place
C.tell him the names of the streets D.refer to recognizable buildings and places
2.Which is the place where people measure distance in time
A.New York. B.Los Angeles. C.Kansas. D.Iowa.
3.People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer_____.
A.in order to save time B.as a test
C.so as to be polite D.for fun
4.what can we infer from the text
A.It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B.It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C.People have similar understandings of politeness.
D.New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
C
You get anxious if there’s no wi-fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you’re not there. All these can be called “always on” stress caused by smart phone addiction.
For some people, smart phones have liberated them from the nine-to-five work. Flexible working has given them more autonomy in their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smart phones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.
Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they’re spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken. “Moment’s goal is to promote balance in your life,” his website explains. “Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you.”
Dr. Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, “The effects of this ‘always on’ culture are that your mind is never resting, and you’re not giving your body time to recover, so you’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer.”
And as the number of connected smart phones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. “It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they’re controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office,” said Dr. Christine Grant.
1.What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A.The popularity of smart phones. B.The progress of modern technology.
C.The signs of “always on” stress. D.The cause of smart phone addiction.
2.Kevin Holesh developed Moment to __________.
A.research how people use their mobile phones
B.help people control their use of mobile phones
C.make people better use mobile phones
D.increase the fun of using mobile phones
3.What’s Dr. Christine Grant’s attitude towards “always on” culture
A.Confused. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Critical.
4.According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means __________.
A.we will become less productive B.we can make a decision more quickly
C.we will be equipped with more knowledge D.we can work more effectively
D
For sports fans, there's nothing better than watching a live event on TV or at a sporting venue(场地). But there's nothing worse than that event being called off because of bad weather. Bad light, a waterlogged pitch(场地) or excessive heat can cause matches to be postponed. But according to the latest research, extreme weather might be disrupting(打乱) the sporting calendar more than ever in the future.
In one sport, major golf tournaments like The Open Championship, are already predicted to be victims of our changing climate. In the UK, an organisation called The Climate Coalition says that golf courses such as St Andrews could be underwater by the end of the century if sea levels rise even slightly. It told the BBC that its research predicted "cancelled football matches, flooded cricket grounds and golf courses crumbling into the sea."
The threat to fixtures(体育赛事) from climate change has been further highlighted in a new report, commissioned by the Rapid Transition Alliance. Writing about this for the BBC, Matt McGrath says that "By 2050, it's estimated that almost one in four English football league grounds can be expected to be flooded every year." This will mean fewer matches played, less opportunity to watch the beautiful game and reduced revenue(收入) from ticket sales.
Cricket also faces huge challenges globally as temperatures rise in places like India, Australia and the West Indies. The report says that stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will see a 60% increase in days with temperatures over 40℃ over the next decade.
Of course, we know that the solution lies in reducing our carbon footprint. We could travel less to attend sports events, and reduce our waste when we do go. But this latest report finds that sports leaders are generally failing to address the issue seriously. However, because sport is universally popular and can be very influential, maybe it is players, teams and their sponsors who should promote a carbon-neutral message to help protect sporting venues—before it's "game over".
1.According to the passage, the following sports will be affected by extreme weather except _____.
A.golf B.table tennis C.football D.cricket
2.Why might revenue from football league tickets be reduced by 2050
A.The number of people who are interested in football matches is expected to decrease.
B.The number of football players is expected to decrease.
C.The prices of football tickets are expected to go down.
D.Some football grounds are expected to be flooded.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Sports fans like watching a live event on TV better than at a sporting venue.
B.Golf courses such as St Andrews could not be flooded if sea levels rise a little.
C.Cricket stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will get very hot over the next decade.
D.Sports leaders take the effects of climate change very seriously.
4.What's the best title for the passage
A.Sport and Sporting Venues. B.Sport and Challenges.
C.Sport and Climate Change. D.Sport and Revenue.
二、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
California will be the first state to ban the sale and manufacture of new fur products. ①_____ It will come into effect on January 1, 2023.
California's fur law was one of several bills designed to prevent cruelty to animals. "California is a leader when it comes to animal protection and today that leadership includes banning the sale of fur," said Governor Gavin Newsom in a news report. "②_____ We are making a statement to the world that beautiful wild animals like bears and tigers shouldn't walk on trapeze(高空秋千) wires or jump through flames." ③_____ More than a dozen European countries, including the United Kingdom, Austria, Norway and the Netherlands have also passed laws to limit the fur trade.
④_____ "The signing of the ban shows the point that today's customers simply don't want wild animals to suffer extreme pain and fear while keeping up with the fashion," said Kitty Block, president and CEO of the Humane Society of the United States and CEO of Humane Society International. Not everyone, however, was pleased with the ban. Banning the killing of animals for their fur means killing the fur business, says Hyatt, an owner of a fur store. ⑤_____ Many retailers are also ending fur sales. In mid-October, Macy's (an American department store chain) announced it would stop fur sales in all its stores by the end of 2020. The stores will also close all fur vaults and salons. Other fashion brands such as Prada, Gucci, Michael Kors and Burberry have taken similar steps in recent years.
A.But we are doing more than that.
B.California is taking the lead in protecting animals.
C.Similar laws have been carried out globally already.
D.And that in turn will leave many people unemployed.
E.Two other Californian cities had already banned fur sales.
F.Not surprisingly, the ban is welcomed by animal rights activists.
G.The ban applies to clothing, shoes, handbags and other things that contain fur.
三、阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many people think of Israel as being hot all year round. But this is far from the 1 . While it's true that Israel's weather is notoriously steamy(十分闷热潮湿的) in July and August, it is surely not this way all the time. Israel's weather also 2 from that in North America and Western Europe. Here, you will basically 3 two different seasons: winter from late October to mid-March, and summer from April to October.
September and October are traditionally 4 as the busiest and most crowded months for tourism in Israel. The next 5 time is in April. In between these months, the country is typically less crowded and busy. This makes 6 a good time to visit it.
During the season, the weather in Israel is cool and rainy. The average temperatures at this time 7 from 50 to 60 degrees F at night and 62 to 72 degrees F during the day. The only areas that normally 8 snowfall are Golan Heights and Mount Hermon. Tel Aviv and other coastal areas do not receive any snow at all. As you can imagine, people 9 from coastal places to experience snowfall when it does happen!
During February and March, the 10 country experiences a beautiful 11 . Almost everywhere you look, you will see green popping up(突然出现)一a lovely 12 of the plentiful winter rain. The regions of Golan and Galilee are 13 covered with wild flowers. It is quite a beautiful view. 14 there's really no "bad" time to visit Israel. But if you'd like to visit the country during its less busy season, winter is the right time to 15 your trip.
1.A.truth B.reason C.cause D.mark
2.A.comes B.differs C.results D.rises
3.A.suffer B.refuse C.experience D.understand
4.A.regarded B.used C.impressed D.attempted
5.A.hottest B.busiest C.latest D.longest
6.A.summer B.spring C.winter D.autumn
7.A.get B.range C.rise D.keep
8.A.accept B.achieve C.receive D.gain
9.A.come back B.give up C.crowd in D.run away
10.A.entire B.general C.usual D.complex
11.A.performance B.movement C.change D.design
12.A.sense B.excuse C.cost D.result
13.A.regularly B.possibly C.occasionally D.particularly
14.A.Besides B.Though C.However D.Overall
15.A.avoid B.provide C.bring D.plan
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In science fiction, space ①_____ (describe) as a silent, empty place but things are different. In fact, all of the equipment ②_____(use) to keep a space station functioning can be so noisy ③_____ the astronauts working there cannot talk with one another ④_____(easy)—they have to shout. The high levels of sound may affect their work, and can sometimes even mean that they are ⑤_____(able) to sleep.
In addition, they must face other problems in space. Scientists have found over 70,000 items of rubbish ⑥_____ still remain in the orbit(轨道) around the earth. Most of them are ⑦_____(small) than a tennis ball, but they still threaten the ⑧_____(safe) of exploring in space. Even a small piece of metal could cause a terrible disaster if it hit a manned spacecraft. Although generally astronauts do make an effort ⑨_____(bring) most of their rubbish home, they don't always manage it. And they don't just leave their rubbish in space either. There is even a broken camera left behind on ⑩_____ moon.
五、假定你是李华,你校拟举办“有氧健步行(Aerobic Brisk Walking)”活动,请你为校英文报写一则英文通知,内容包括:
1. 举办目的;
2. 参与人员;
3. 举办时间;
4. 活动安排。
注意:
1.词数应为80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两 段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
As we get older there are certain gifts standing out in our memories for a variety of reasons.
One gift I was given and treasured most was a doll named Patsy. She wasn't originally mine but was my younger sister's Christmas gift, but on holding Patsy I immediately fell in love with her and couldn't bear to part with her. Luckily, my sister was quite happy to exchange dolls. From then on Patsy was my baby and I continued to love her dearly and would have died for her.
Another gift I offered my mother has been shining in my mind. On a Saturday, I was on my way to the local cinema when I happened to glimpse (一瞥) at the window of the gift shop at the corner of our street. There were lovely gloves, pretty flowered handkerchiefs, and rose patterned teacups and saucers, all in pretty boxes. Seeing all these lovely gifts reminded me that it would soon be Mother's Day and my mother's birthday. Wouldn't it be nice, I thought, if I could give my mother something really special, something I'd bought myself So I stepped inside the shop and admired a dressing table set, which was a green cut glass with ornamental tray (装饰托盘) and several matching pieces. I was sure my mother would love it.
The lady must have seen my disappointment when she told me the price. But she had a suggestion which immediately lifted my spirits. She pulled out a large notebook and wrote my name in it and the gift I wanted to buy, and in return I paid her a penny from my pocket money. It meant no sweets that day but I didn't care. At the age of nine, I'd made my very first lay-by (分期付款)...and felt like a grown up. From then on, every Saturday I dropped in at the shop on schedule and paid a penny, which the lady dutifully recorded in her notebook.
The day before Mother's Day I paid the last two pence.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Too excited to wait till Sunday, I excitedly presented the gift to my mother.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
A.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第二段中的"clock-based work schedules get in the way of creativity" 可知,基于时间的工作会对创造力产生负面影响,故选D。
2.考查细节理解。由第四段中的"They found clock-timers to he more efficient(有效率的) but less happy because they felt little control over their lives"可知,基于时间的工作安排会使人们变得更髙效,但不快乐。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。由最后一段中的“task-based liming should be used when we are performing a job that requires more creativity"可知,作者建议在做需要更多创造性的工作时,应该使用基于任务的工作安排,故选A。
B.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.根据第二段可知,日本人在给别人指路时通常使用地标建筑,而不是街道的名称。
2.根据第四段第一句可知。
3.Yucatan,人们认为别人问路时说不知道是不礼貌的,因此,为了礼貌,他有可能说一个错误方向。
4.第一段点明不同地方的人对问路的回答风格是不一样的,并举出了许多例子,因此对游客来讲了解文化的差异是很重要的。
C.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.段落大意题。根据第一段中的最后一句话可知,这一段主要列举了人们对手机过于依赖的各种表现。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“So he developed an app— Moment—to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken.”可知,这种应用软件可以监督人们对于手机的使用时间,如果人们使用手机时间过长,它就会发出警报,提醒人们注意,以此来帮人们控制使用手机的时间。故选B。
3.态度观点题。根据倒数第二段中的内容可知,他认为总是过多地依赖手机对于人们的身体及精神都会有伤害 故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句话可知,由于数据太多,人们变得很难对一件事情做出决定,也就是使自己效率变低了。故选A。
D.答案：1-4 BDCC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的It told the BBC that its research predicted "cancelled football matches, flooded cricket grounds and golf courses crumbling into the sea."可知, 受到极端天气影响的主要是足球、板球和高尔夫球运动, B项(乒乓球运动)未提及, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的"By 2050, it's estimated that almost one in four English football league grounds can be expected to be flooded every year." This will mean fewer matches played, less opportunity to watch the beautiful game and reduced revenue from ticket sales.可知, 足球联赛的门票收入会减少的原因是足球场地会遭遇洪灾。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段的Cricket also faces huge challenges globally as temperatures rise in places like India, Australia and the West Indies. The report says that stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will see a 60% increase in days with temperatures over 40℃ over the next decade.可知, 未来十年, 阿德莱德和珀斯的板球场的温度将变得非常高。故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。第一段中的But according to the latest research, extreme weather might be disrupting the sporting calendar more than ever in the future.直接点明了极端天气可能会比以往任何时候更严重地扰乱体育赛事的日程, 下文都是对此进行分析说明。由此可推知, 本文的最佳标题为"体育运动和气候变化"。故选C项。
二、答案：①-⑤ GACFD
解析：①空前句子说明了加利福尼亚州将禁止新毛皮产品的生产和销售, 空后句子又说明了这项禁令将于2023年1月1日开始生效, 故推知设空处也应在介绍这项禁令, G项说明了该禁令的适用范围, 符合语境, 且空后的It指代的是G项中的The ban。故选G项。
②空前句子表明加利福尼亚州禁止销售毛皮, 空后表明他们正在向世界宣告野生动物不应该出现在一些表演中, 由此可推断, 该空需要一个过渡句, 表明他们做出的努力不只是禁止销售毛皮, A项符合语境。故选A项。
③空后的More than a dozen European countries...说明类似的法律已经在全球范围内实施。C项符合语境, 其中Similar laws和globally为关键词。故选C项。
④空后引用美国人道协会主席兼首席执行官兼国际人道协会首席执行官的一段话, 表明了他对于这个禁令的支持, 这说明这项禁令受到一些人的欢迎。F项符合语境, 且与后文的Not everyone, however, was pleased with the ban.形成了对比。故选F项。
⑤空前表明禁止为了获取毛皮而猎杀动物意味着扼杀毛皮生意, 设空处承上启下, 应讲到扼杀这种生意的其他后果, D项符合语境。故选D项。
三、答案：1-5.ABCAB; 6-10.CBCCA; 11-15.CDDDD
解析：1.前文提到很多人认为以色列全年天气很热,而But表示转折,说明人们的那种看法是不正确的,即远非事实。truth意为“事实”。故选A项。
2.以色列的天气不同于(differs from)北美和西欧的天气。故选B项。
3.此处表示在这里你大体上将经历两个不同的季节。experience表示“体验,经历”。故选C项。
4.句意:九月和十月历来被认为(are regarded as)是以色列旅游业最繁忙、最拥挤的月份。故选A项。
5.空前面的The next是解题关键,表示答案应该是前文提到过的事物,因此根据上一句中the busiest and most crowded months(最繁忙、最拥挤的月份)可知,第二个最繁忙(busiest)的时间在四月份。故选B项。
6.上文提到了9月、10月和4月是旅游旺季,这三个月都属于夏季,所以可推知冬季(winter)是游览的好时机,不拥挤。
7.根据from 50 to 60 degrees F at night and 62 to 72 degrees F during the day可知,此处指温度在一定范围内变化(range),故选B项。range from...to...表示“在从……到……之间变化”。
8.此处与下一句中的receive属于词汇复现。
9.句意:正如你能想象到的那样,当确实下雪的时候沿海地区的人们会蜂拥而至(crowd in),欣赏美丽的雪景。crowd in意为“涌入”,come back回来;give up放弃;run away逃跑。
10.句意:在二月和三月期间,整个(entire)国家经历了美丽的改变。结合下文提到的“到处是绿色”可知选A项。
11.绿色突然出现,这里发生了美丽的改变(change),故选C项。
12.春天草木丛生(green popping up)是冬季雨水充足(the plentiful winter rain)的结果。故选D项。
13.句意:尤其(particularly)是Golan和Galilee地区野花遍野。particularly意为“特别,尤其”,表程度的加强。故选D。A:定期地;有规律地;B:可能;或许;C:偶然;偶尔。
14.there's really no "bad" time to visit Israel是对整篇的总结,因此用Overall,表示“总的来说”。
15.句意:但如果你想在淡季游览这个国家,冬季是计划(plan)旅游的好时机。故选D项。
四、答案：①is described ②used ③that ④easily ⑤unable ⑥that/which ⑦smaller ⑧safety ⑨to bring ⑩the
解析：①考查时态和语态。space与describe之间是被动关系, 用被动语态; 此处表示经常或反复发生的事情, 用一般现在时。故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
②考查非谓语动词。"all of the equipment"与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用动词-ed形式作定语, 故填used。
③考查固定句式。所有的设备噪声都太大了, 以至于在那里工作的宇航员彼此之间不能轻易交谈。so...that..."太......以至于......", 是固定用法, 所以填that。
④考查副词。空处修饰动词短语talk with, 用副词easily。
⑤考查词形转换。有时甚至意味着他们不能睡觉。此处表示不能睡觉, 故用unable。
⑥考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词items of rubbish, 并在从句中作主语, 指物, 所以填that/which。
⑦考查形容词的比较级。由"than a tennis ball"可判断这里表示比较, 所以填smaller。
⑧考查名词。空处作threaten的宾语, 所以用名词safety。
⑨考查固定用法。make an effort to do sth."努力做某事", 是固定用法, 所以填to bring。
⑩考查冠词。表示世界上独一无二的事物前应用定冠词the。
五、答案：
Notice
Aerobic Brisk Walking
To advocate the idea of living a low-carbon life, our school plans to organize a schoolwide program called "Aerobic Brisk Walking" from the school gate to the nearby park—Peach Blossom Mountain.
It starts at 4 p.m. and ends at 5:30 p.m. on Dec 7. Every teacher and student is welcome to take part in the program. It's different from the race. The participants are encouraged to pick up litter along the way and distribute the leaflets of environmental protection to the passers-by. Of course, we can enjoy the beautiful natural scenery along the route.
The Students' Union
Dec 2
六、答案：
The day before Mother's Day I paid the last two pence. As the lady wrapped the gift in brown paper and tied it with string, I attentively signed the notebook to say I had completed my lay-by. I thanked her and excitedly left the shop. "Be careful not to drop it," she called after me. Securely, the gift tucked under my arm, I skipped the short distance home.
Too excited to wait till Sunday, I excitedly presented the gift to my mother. I placed the parcel on my mother's lap and I stood by her side, hopping from one foot to the other, as she painstakingly opened every single knot in the string and slowly peeled away the brown paper as if she were unfolding butterfly wings, to reveal the box. My heart was racing. Then, as I bit into my bottom lip, she carefully began to lift the lid. "Do you like it, do you like it " I asked excitedly. "Yes, I love it so much and I'll keep it with me." said my mother. She was delighted, smiling sweetly. The special gift survived many moves, and it was still sitting on my mother's dressing table.
单元测试
一、阅读理解
A
When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clocks tell them they're done.
These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cellphones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules get in the way of creativity.
Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours, for example, a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, and each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways Does one make us more productive Better at the tasks at hand Happier In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities from project planning, holiday shopping to yoga by time or the to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs " task time”. They found clock-timers to the more efficient(有效率的) but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task-timers were happier and more creative, but less productive. They tended to enjoy the moment when something good was happening, and seized opportunities that came up.
The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and not be supported in the business culture. This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when we are performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.
1.What does the author say about clock-based work
A.It makes workers very tired.
B.It reminds workers to come to the office on time.
C.It makes workers aware of the precious time.
D.It may have a bad effect on the creativity.
2.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers
A.They seized opportunities as they came up.
B.They always got their work done in time.
C.They tended to be more productive.
D.They could control their life.
3.What do the researchers suggest
A.Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.
B.It is important to keep a balance between work and life.
C.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.
D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job judgment.
B
I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” (风格)of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office ”
Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的)in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop. ”
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, "Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile."
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office ” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it's about five minutes from here. ’’You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it ” They don’t know.
It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation A New Yorker might say, Sorry, I have no idea. But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don't know." People in Yucatan believe that “I don't know" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
1.When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually .
A.describe the place carefully B.show him a map of the place
C.tell him the names of the streets D.refer to recognizable buildings and places
2.Which is the place where people measure distance in time
A.New York. B.Los Angeles. C.Kansas. D.Iowa.
3.People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer_____.
A.in order to save time B.as a test
C.so as to be polite D.for fun
4.what can we infer from the text
A.It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B.It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C.People have similar understandings of politeness.
D.New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
C
You get anxious if there’s no wi-fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you’re not there. All these can be called “always on” stress caused by smart phone addiction.
For some people, smart phones have liberated them from the nine-to-five work. Flexible working has given them more autonomy in their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smart phones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.
Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they’re spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken. “Moment’s goal is to promote balance in your life,” his website explains. “Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you.”
Dr. Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, “The effects of this ‘always on’ culture are that your mind is never resting, and you’re not giving your body time to recover, so you’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer.”
And as the number of connected smart phones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. “It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they’re controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office,” said Dr. Christine Grant.
1.What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A.The popularity of smart phones. B.The progress of modern technology.
C.The signs of “always on” stress. D.The cause of smart phone addiction.
2.Kevin Holesh developed Moment to __________.
A.research how people use their mobile phones
B.help people control their use of mobile phones
C.make people better use mobile phones
D.increase the fun of using mobile phones
3.What’s Dr. Christine Grant’s attitude towards “always on” culture
A.Confused. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Critical.
4.According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means __________.
A.we will become less productive B.we can make a decision more quickly
C.we will be equipped with more knowledge D.we can work more effectively
D
For sports fans, there's nothing better than watching a live event on TV or at a sporting venue(场地). But there's nothing worse than that event being called off because of bad weather. Bad light, a waterlogged pitch(场地) or excessive heat can cause matches to be postponed. But according to the latest research, extreme weather might be disrupting(打乱) the sporting calendar more than ever in the future.
In one sport, major golf tournaments like The Open Championship, are already predicted to be victims of our changing climate. In the UK, an organisation called The Climate Coalition says that golf courses such as St Andrews could be underwater by the end of the century if sea levels rise even slightly. It told the BBC that its research predicted "cancelled football matches, flooded cricket grounds and golf courses crumbling into the sea."
The threat to fixtures(体育赛事) from climate change has been further highlighted in a new report, commissioned by the Rapid Transition Alliance. Writing about this for the BBC, Matt McGrath says that "By 2050, it's estimated that almost one in four English football league grounds can be expected to be flooded every year." This will mean fewer matches played, less opportunity to watch the beautiful game and reduced revenue(收入) from ticket sales.
Cricket also faces huge challenges globally as temperatures rise in places like India, Australia and the West Indies. The report says that stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will see a 60% increase in days with temperatures over 40℃ over the next decade.
Of course, we know that the solution lies in reducing our carbon footprint. We could travel less to attend sports events, and reduce our waste when we do go. But this latest report finds that sports leaders are generally failing to address the issue seriously. However, because sport is universally popular and can be very influential, maybe it is players, teams and their sponsors who should promote a carbon-neutral message to help protect sporting venues—before it's "game over".
1.According to the passage, the following sports will be affected by extreme weather except _____.
A.golf B.table tennis C.football D.cricket
2.Why might revenue from football league tickets be reduced by 2050
A.The number of people who are interested in football matches is expected to decrease.
B.The number of football players is expected to decrease.
C.The prices of football tickets are expected to go down.
D.Some football grounds are expected to be flooded.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Sports fans like watching a live event on TV better than at a sporting venue.
B.Golf courses such as St Andrews could not be flooded if sea levels rise a little.
C.Cricket stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will get very hot over the next decade.
D.Sports leaders take the effects of climate change very seriously.
4.What's the best title for the passage
A.Sport and Sporting Venues. B.Sport and Challenges.
C.Sport and Climate Change. D.Sport and Revenue.
二、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
California will be the first state to ban the sale and manufacture of new fur products. ①_____ It will come into effect on January 1, 2023.
California's fur law was one of several bills designed to prevent cruelty to animals. "California is a leader when it comes to animal protection and today that leadership includes banning the sale of fur," said Governor Gavin Newsom in a news report. "②_____ We are making a statement to the world that beautiful wild animals like bears and tigers shouldn't walk on trapeze(高空秋千) wires or jump through flames." ③_____ More than a dozen European countries, including the United Kingdom, Austria, Norway and the Netherlands have also passed laws to limit the fur trade.
④_____ "The signing of the ban shows the point that today's customers simply don't want wild animals to suffer extreme pain and fear while keeping up with the fashion," said Kitty Block, president and CEO of the Humane Society of the United States and CEO of Humane Society International. Not everyone, however, was pleased with the ban. Banning the killing of animals for their fur means killing the fur business, says Hyatt, an owner of a fur store. ⑤_____ Many retailers are also ending fur sales. In mid-October, Macy's (an American department store chain) announced it would stop fur sales in all its stores by the end of 2020. The stores will also close all fur vaults and salons. Other fashion brands such as Prada, Gucci, Michael Kors and Burberry have taken similar steps in recent years.
A.But we are doing more than that.
B.California is taking the lead in protecting animals.
C.Similar laws have been carried out globally already.
D.And that in turn will leave many people unemployed.
E.Two other Californian cities had already banned fur sales.
F.Not surprisingly, the ban is welcomed by animal rights activists.
G.The ban applies to clothing, shoes, handbags and other things that contain fur.
三、阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many people think of Israel as being hot all year round. But this is far from the 1 . While it's true that Israel's weather is notoriously steamy(十分闷热潮湿的) in July and August, it is surely not this way all the time. Israel's weather also 2 from that in North America and Western Europe. Here, you will basically 3 two different seasons: winter from late October to mid-March, and summer from April to October.
September and October are traditionally 4 as the busiest and most crowded months for tourism in Israel. The next 5 time is in April. In between these months, the country is typically less crowded and busy. This makes 6 a good time to visit it.
During the season, the weather in Israel is cool and rainy. The average temperatures at this time 7 from 50 to 60 degrees F at night and 62 to 72 degrees F during the day. The only areas that normally 8 snowfall are Golan Heights and Mount Hermon. Tel Aviv and other coastal areas do not receive any snow at all. As you can imagine, people 9 from coastal places to experience snowfall when it does happen!
During February and March, the 10 country experiences a beautiful 11 . Almost everywhere you look, you will see green popping up(突然出现)一a lovely 12 of the plentiful winter rain. The regions of Golan and Galilee are 13 covered with wild flowers. It is quite a beautiful view. 14 there's really no "bad" time to visit Israel. But if you'd like to visit the country during its less busy season, winter is the right time to 15 your trip.
1.A.truth B.reason C.cause D.mark
2.A.comes B.differs C.results D.rises
3.A.suffer B.refuse C.experience D.understand
4.A.regarded B.used C.impressed D.attempted
5.A.hottest B.busiest C.latest D.longest
6.A.summer B.spring C.winter D.autumn
7.A.get B.range C.rise D.keep
8.A.accept B.achieve C.receive D.gain
9.A.come back B.give up C.crowd in D.run away
10.A.entire B.general C.usual D.complex
11.A.performance B.movement C.change D.design
12.A.sense B.excuse C.cost D.result
13.A.regularly B.possibly C.occasionally D.particularly
14.A.Besides B.Though C.However D.Overall
15.A.avoid B.provide C.bring D.plan
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In science fiction, space ①_____ (describe) as a silent, empty place but things are different. In fact, all of the equipment ②_____(use) to keep a space station functioning can be so noisy ③_____ the astronauts working there cannot talk with one another ④_____(easy)—they have to shout. The high levels of sound may affect their work, and can sometimes even mean that they are ⑤_____(able) to sleep.
In addition, they must face other problems in space. Scientists have found over 70,000 items of rubbish ⑥_____ still remain in the orbit(轨道) around the earth. Most of them are ⑦_____(small) than a tennis ball, but they still threaten the ⑧_____(safe) of exploring in space. Even a small piece of metal could cause a terrible disaster if it hit a manned spacecraft. Although generally astronauts do make an effort ⑨_____(bring) most of their rubbish home, they don't always manage it. And they don't just leave their rubbish in space either. There is even a broken camera left behind on ⑩_____ moon.
五、假定你是李华,你校拟举办“有氧健步行(Aerobic Brisk Walking)”活动,请你为校英文报写一则英文通知,内容包括:
1. 举办目的;
2. 参与人员;
3. 举办时间;
4. 活动安排。
注意:
1.词数应为80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两 段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
As we get older there are certain gifts standing out in our memories for a variety of reasons.
One gift I was given and treasured most was a doll named Patsy. She wasn't originally mine but was my younger sister's Christmas gift, but on holding Patsy I immediately fell in love with her and couldn't bear to part with her. Luckily, my sister was quite happy to exchange dolls. From then on Patsy was my baby and I continued to love her dearly and would have died for her.
Another gift I offered my mother has been shining in my mind. On a Saturday, I was on my way to the local cinema when I happened to glimpse (一瞥) at the window of the gift shop at the corner of our street. There were lovely gloves, pretty flowered handkerchiefs, and rose patterned teacups and saucers, all in pretty boxes. Seeing all these lovely gifts reminded me that it would soon be Mother's Day and my mother's birthday. Wouldn't it be nice, I thought, if I could give my mother something really special, something I'd bought myself So I stepped inside the shop and admired a dressing table set, which was a green cut glass with ornamental tray (装饰托盘) and several matching pieces. I was sure my mother would love it.
The lady must have seen my disappointment when she told me the price. But she had a suggestion which immediately lifted my spirits. She pulled out a large notebook and wrote my name in it and the gift I wanted to buy, and in return I paid her a penny from my pocket money. It meant no sweets that day but I didn't care. At the age of nine, I'd made my very first lay-by (分期付款)...and felt like a grown up. From then on, every Saturday I dropped in at the shop on schedule and paid a penny, which the lady dutifully recorded in her notebook.
The day before Mother's Day I paid the last two pence.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Too excited to wait till Sunday, I excitedly presented the gift to my mother.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、
A.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第二段中的"clock-based work schedules get in the way of creativity" 可知,基于时间的工作会对创造力产生负面影响,故选D。
2.考查细节理解。由第四段中的"They found clock-timers to he more efficient(有效率的) but less happy because they felt little control over their lives"可知,基于时间的工作安排会使人们变得更髙效,但不快乐。故选C。
3.考查细节理解。由最后一段中的“task-based liming should be used when we are performing a job that requires more creativity"可知,作者建议在做需要更多创造性的工作时,应该使用基于任务的工作安排,故选A。
B.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.根据第二段可知,日本人在给别人指路时通常使用地标建筑,而不是街道的名称。
2.根据第四段第一句可知。
3.Yucatan,人们认为别人问路时说不知道是不礼貌的,因此,为了礼貌,他有可能说一个错误方向。
4.第一段点明不同地方的人对问路的回答风格是不一样的,并举出了许多例子,因此对游客来讲了解文化的差异是很重要的。
C.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.段落大意题。根据第一段中的最后一句话可知,这一段主要列举了人们对手机过于依赖的各种表现。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“So he developed an app— Moment—to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken.”可知,这种应用软件可以监督人们对于手机的使用时间,如果人们使用手机时间过长,它就会发出警报,提醒人们注意,以此来帮人们控制使用手机的时间。故选B。
3.态度观点题。根据倒数第二段中的内容可知,他认为总是过多地依赖手机对于人们的身体及精神都会有伤害 故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句话可知,由于数据太多,人们变得很难对一件事情做出决定,也就是使自己效率变低了。故选A。
D.答案：1-4 BDCC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的It told the BBC that its research predicted "cancelled football matches, flooded cricket grounds and golf courses crumbling into the sea."可知, 受到极端天气影响的主要是足球、板球和高尔夫球运动, B项(乒乓球运动)未提及, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的"By 2050, it's estimated that almost one in four English football league grounds can be expected to be flooded every year." This will mean fewer matches played, less opportunity to watch the beautiful game and reduced revenue from ticket sales.可知, 足球联赛的门票收入会减少的原因是足球场地会遭遇洪灾。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段的Cricket also faces huge challenges globally as temperatures rise in places like India, Australia and the West Indies. The report says that stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will see a 60% increase in days with temperatures over 40℃ over the next decade.可知, 未来十年, 阿德莱德和珀斯的板球场的温度将变得非常高。故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。第一段中的But according to the latest research, extreme weather might be disrupting the sporting calendar more than ever in the future.直接点明了极端天气可能会比以往任何时候更严重地扰乱体育赛事的日程, 下文都是对此进行分析说明。由此可推知, 本文的最佳标题为"体育运动和气候变化"。故选C项。
二、答案：①-⑤ GACFD
解析：①空前句子说明了加利福尼亚州将禁止新毛皮产品的生产和销售, 空后句子又说明了这项禁令将于2023年1月1日开始生效, 故推知设空处也应在介绍这项禁令, G项说明了该禁令的适用范围, 符合语境, 且空后的It指代的是G项中的The ban。故选G项。
②空前句子表明加利福尼亚州禁止销售毛皮, 空后表明他们正在向世界宣告野生动物不应该出现在一些表演中, 由此可推断, 该空需要一个过渡句, 表明他们做出的努力不只是禁止销售毛皮, A项符合语境。故选A项。
③空后的More than a dozen European countries...说明类似的法律已经在全球范围内实施。C项符合语境, 其中Similar laws和globally为关键词。故选C项。
④空后引用美国人道协会主席兼首席执行官兼国际人道协会首席执行官的一段话, 表明了他对于这个禁令的支持, 这说明这项禁令受到一些人的欢迎。F项符合语境, 且与后文的Not everyone, however, was pleased with the ban.形成了对比。故选F项。
⑤空前表明禁止为了获取毛皮而猎杀动物意味着扼杀毛皮生意, 设空处承上启下, 应讲到扼杀这种生意的其他后果, D项符合语境。故选D项。
三、答案：1-5.ABCAB; 6-10.CBCCA; 11-15.CDDDD
解析：1.前文提到很多人认为以色列全年天气很热,而But表示转折,说明人们的那种看法是不正确的,即远非事实。truth意为“事实”。故选A项。
2.以色列的天气不同于(differs from)北美和西欧的天气。故选B项。
3.此处表示在这里你大体上将经历两个不同的季节。experience表示“体验,经历”。故选C项。
4.句意:九月和十月历来被认为(are regarded as)是以色列旅游业最繁忙、最拥挤的月份。故选A项。
5.空前面的The next是解题关键,表示答案应该是前文提到过的事物,因此根据上一句中the busiest and most crowded months(最繁忙、最拥挤的月份)可知,第二个最繁忙(busiest)的时间在四月份。故选B项。
6.上文提到了9月、10月和4月是旅游旺季,这三个月都属于夏季,所以可推知冬季(winter)是游览的好时机,不拥挤。
7.根据from 50 to 60 degrees F at night and 62 to 72 degrees F during the day可知,此处指温度在一定范围内变化(range),故选B项。range from...to...表示“在从……到……之间变化”。
8.此处与下一句中的receive属于词汇复现。
9.句意:正如你能想象到的那样,当确实下雪的时候沿海地区的人们会蜂拥而至(crowd in),欣赏美丽的雪景。crowd in意为“涌入”,come back回来;give up放弃;run away逃跑。
10.句意:在二月和三月期间,整个(entire)国家经历了美丽的改变。结合下文提到的“到处是绿色”可知选A项。
11.绿色突然出现,这里发生了美丽的改变(change),故选C项。
12.春天草木丛生(green popping up)是冬季雨水充足(the plentiful winter rain)的结果。故选D项。
13.句意:尤其(particularly)是Golan和Galilee地区野花遍野。particularly意为“特别,尤其”,表程度的加强。故选D。A:定期地;有规律地;B:可能;或许;C:偶然;偶尔。
14.there's really no "bad" time to visit Israel是对整篇的总结,因此用Overall,表示“总的来说”。
15.句意:但如果你想在淡季游览这个国家,冬季是计划(plan)旅游的好时机。故选D项。
四、答案：①is described ②used ③that ④easily ⑤unable ⑥that/which ⑦smaller ⑧safety ⑨to bring ⑩the
解析：①考查时态和语态。space与describe之间是被动关系, 用被动语态; 此处表示经常或反复发生的事情, 用一般现在时。故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
②考查非谓语动词。"all of the equipment"与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用动词-ed形式作定语, 故填used。
③考查固定句式。所有的设备噪声都太大了, 以至于在那里工作的宇航员彼此之间不能轻易交谈。so...that..."太......以至于......", 是固定用法, 所以填that。
④考查副词。空处修饰动词短语talk with, 用副词easily。
⑤考查词形转换。有时甚至意味着他们不能睡觉。此处表示不能睡觉, 故用unable。
⑥考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词items of rubbish, 并在从句中作主语, 指物, 所以填that/which。
⑦考查形容词的比较级。由"than a tennis ball"可判断这里表示比较, 所以填smaller。
⑧考查名词。空处作threaten的宾语, 所以用名词safety。
⑨考查固定用法。make an effort to do sth."努力做某事", 是固定用法, 所以填to bring。
⑩考查冠词。表示世界上独一无二的事物前应用定冠词the。
五、答案：
Notice
Aerobic Brisk Walking
To advocate the idea of living a low-carbon life, our school plans to organize a schoolwide program called "Aerobic Brisk Walking" from the school gate to the nearby park—Peach Blossom Mountain.
It starts at 4 p.m. and ends at 5:30 p.m. on Dec 7. Every teacher and student is welcome to take part in the program. It's different from the race. The participants are encouraged to pick up litter along the way and distribute the leaflets of environmental protection to the passers-by. Of course, we can enjoy the beautiful natural scenery along the route.
The Students' Union
Dec 2
六、答案：
The day before Mother's Day I paid the last two pence. As the lady wrapped the gift in brown paper and tied it with string, I attentively signed the notebook to say I had completed my lay-by. I thanked her and excitedly left the shop. "Be careful not to drop it," she called after me. Securely, the gift tucked under my arm, I skipped the short distance home.
Too excited to wait till Sunday, I excitedly presented the gift to my mother. I placed the parcel on my mother's lap and I stood by her side, hopping from one foot to the other, as she painstakingly opened every single knot in the string and slowly peeled away the brown paper as if she were unfolding butterfly wings, to reveal the box. My heart was racing. Then, as I bit into my bottom lip, she carefully began to lift the lid. "Do you like it, do you like it " I asked excitedly. "Yes, I love it so much and I'll keep it with me." said my mother. She was delighted, smiling sweetly. The special gift survived many moves, and it was still sitting on my mother's dressing table.