人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world基础知识巩固（含答案）
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人教课标高一必修1 Unit 5基础知识巩固
基础知识归纳
单词
名词
指人：self, mankind, lawyer, youth, relative, terror, president
其它：quality, republic, principle, guidance, fee, league, stage, violence, blanket, cruelty, reward, opinion
动词
devote, found, vote, attack, escape, educate, beg, sentence
形容词
mean, active, generous, selfish, selfless, devoted, peaceful, legal, hopeful, equal, willing, unfair, educated, anti-black
副词
selflessly
短语
词汇表
out of work, as a matter of fact, blow up, in trouble, turn to, lose heart, come to power, set up, be sentenced to
单元中
fight against / for, go to sb. for advice, offer guidance to, break the law, be grateful for, put sb. in prison, achieve one’s dream, be willing to, lunch break, come back to sb., show sb. over sth.
句式
1. only修饰状语位于句首引起倒装
例句：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
2. the first time引导时间状语从句
例句：I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
语法
由where, when, why, prep.+ which / whom引导的定语从句
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. ___________ adj. 慷慨的; 大方的
2. ___________ n. 舞台; 阶段; 时期
3. ___________ vt.& vi. 投票; 选举 n. 投票; 选票; 表决
4. __________ vt. 进攻; 攻击; 抨击
5. __________ vi. 逃脱; 逃走; 泄露
6. ___________ n. 原则；原理；信念
7. ___________ n. 人类
8. ___________ n. 费用；酬金
9. ___________ adj. 有希望的
10. __________ n. 社团；联盟 v.（使）结盟
11. __________ n. 毛毯；覆盖物 vt. 覆盖
12. __________ v. 乞求；恳求
13. __________ n. 亲戚 adj. 相关的
14. __________ n. 恐怖；惊骇
15. __________ vt. 宣判；判决
16. __________ n. 总统；总裁；校长
17. __________ [前缀]反；抗；阻
__________ adj. 反黑人的
18. __________ v. 建立；创立；创办；
派生单词
19. _____________ n. 质量; 品质; 性质
→ ___________ n. 数量; 量
20. ____________ adj. 积极的; 活跃的
→ ___________ adv. 积极地; 活跃地
→ ___________ n. 活动
21. _____________ adj. 和平的; 平静的; 安宁的
→ ___________ adv. 和平地; 平静地; 安宁地
→ ___________ n. 和平; 平静; 和睦
22. ____________ adj. 法律的; 依照法律的
→ __________ (反义词) 非法的; 违法的
23. _____________ adj. 相等的; 平等的
→ __________ n. 平等; 相等
→ __________ adv. 同样地; 相等地; 公平地
24. _____________ n. 暴力；暴行
→ __________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
25. ______________ vt. 教育; 训练
→ ___________ adj. 受过教育的; 有教养的
→ ___________ n. 教育
→ ___________ n. 教育工作者; 教育家
26. _____________ n. 报酬; 奖金 vt. 酬劳; 奖赏
→ __________ adj. 值得的; 有益的;
27. _____________ v. 意思是；打算；意味 adj. 刻薄的；卑鄙的；
→ ___________ n. 意思；意义
28. _____________ n. 自己；本性； pron. ……自己
→ ___________ adj. 自私的
→ ___________ adj. 无私的
→ ___________ adv. 无私地
29. _____________ vt. 致力于；奉献给
→ __________ adj. 投入的；全心全意的
30. ____________ n. 共和国；共和政体
→ ________________________ 中华人民共和国
31. _____________ n. 律师
→ __________ n. 法律
32. ____________ n. 指导；引导；导航
→ __________ n. 向导；指南；v. 指导；引导
33. _____________ n. 青年
→ __________ n. 青少年
→ __________ n. 成年人
34. ____________ adj. 愿意的
→ __________ 不愿意的
→ __________ n. 意愿；遗嘱
35. ____________ adj. 不公平的
→ __________ adj. 公平的
36. ____________ n. 残酷
→ __________ adj. 残忍的
短语
1. 失业 ______________________
2. 事实上 ______________________
3. 使充气; 爆炸 ______________________
4. 在危险 /麻烦等处境中 ______________________
5. 求助于; 致力于 ______________________
6. 丧失勇气或信心 _____________________
7. 当权; 上台 _____________________
8. 设立; 建立 _____________________
9. 被判处……(徒刑) _____________________
10. 愿意做某事 ____________________
句型
1…. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
“only＋状语”置于句首引起的倒装句。
2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
the first time用作连词, 用来引导时间状语从句。
基础知识运用
基础训练篇
I. 用正确的介词填空。
1. If my brother needs financial help, he always turns ________ me.
2. The company is ________ trouble primarily because of poor management.
3. Horace is so devoted ________ his garden that he hasn't been away for 10 years.
4. The man was sentenced ________ death after he was identified as a murderer.
II. 选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。
violent, guide, educate, peace, fair, hope
1. It seems ________ on him to make him pay for everything.
2. Tony was probably the most highly ________ person of that family.
3. The police are said to have used unnecessary ________ on the crowd.
4. Different ethnic groups in the area lived together in ________ co-existence.
5. In spite of our differences, we remain ________ that a solution can be found.
6. You are fortunate to have had in your youth the help and ________ of such a man.
III. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
1. Their child is at the stage ________ (which, where) she can say individual words but not full sentences.
2. We have entered into an age ________ (which, when) dreams have the best chance of coming true.
3. The reason ________ (why, which) the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
4. Many young people, most of ________ (those, whom) were well-educated, headed for remote regions to seek their dreams.
5. Self-driving is an area ________ (where, there) China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ (which, when) the weather may be better.
7. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ (which, that) has been proved.
IV. 根据括号内的提示翻译下面句子。
1. 你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。 (escape)
2. 这所学校成立了一个特殊的班级，以帮助那些孩子。 (set up)
3. 这家公司对质量比对产量更重视。 (quality)
4. 我们应邀就应该如何完成这项工作发表意见。 (opinion)
能力提升篇
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On June 24th, 1859, thirty-one-year-old Henri Dunant, from Switzerland, travelled to Solferino, northern Italy, 1. ________ (intend) to discuss his failing business interests with Napoleon III. Dunant arrived just in time 2. ________ (see) the aftermath ( 后果) of the Battle of Solferino, a nine-hour bloodbath that left tens of thousands dead and wounded. The French army had fewer doctors than vets — horses were 3. ________ (valuable) in war than men — so abandoning his plans to meet Napoleon, Dunant set about mobilizing ( 动员) local people to help care for 4. ________ wounded. At his insistence, the volunteers did not discriminate according to the colour of the soldiers' uniforms; medical care 5. ________ (give) to all. From this principle arose the 6. ________ (organize) that Dunant helped to found four years later — the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Dunant was an unlikely hero. Born in Geneva, he was a poor student who went on to become an even worse businessman. Even during the early days of the Red Cross, he had to resign 7. ________ the committee. His businesses were collapsing ( 崩溃) all around him and the authorities had ordered his arrest. He fled Geneva, never to return. In the next twenty years, he went from country to country, part-businessman, part-mouthpiece for the Red Cross. He 8. ________ (final) returned to Switzerland and settled in a small town 9. ________ (call) Heiden. Six years later, he became the first winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Today, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement has almost 100 million members, 10. ________ operate all over the world.
参考答案：
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. generous 2. stage 3. vote 4. attack 5. escape 6. principle
7. mankind 8. fee 9. hopeful 10. league 11. blanket 12. beg
13. relative 14. terror 15. sentence 16. president 17. anti- /anti-black 18. found
派生单词
19. quality quantity 20. active actively activity
21. peaceful peacefully peace 22. legal illegal
23. equal equality equally 24. violence violent
25. educate educated education educator 26. reward rewarding
27. mean meaning 28. self selfish selfless selflessly
29. devote devoted 30. republic People’s Republic of China
31. lawyer law 32. guidance guide
33. youth teenager adult 34. willing unwilling will
35. unfair fair 36. cruelty cruel
短语
1. out of work 2. as a matter of fact 3. blow up 4. in trouble
5. turn to 6. lose heart 7. come to power 8. set up
9．be sentenced to 10. be willing to do
基础知识运用
基础训练
I. 1. to 2. in 3. to 4. to
II. 1. unfair 2. educated 3. violence 4. peaceful
5. hopeful 6. guidance
III. 1. where 2. when 3. why 4. whom 5. where
6. when 7. which
IV. 1. You were lucky to escape punishment / being punished.
2. The school has set up a special class to help those kids.
3. This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity.
4. We were invited to give our opinions about how the work should be done.
能力提升
1. intending 2. to see 3. more valuable 4. the
5. was given 6. organization 7. from 8. finally
9. called 10. who
基础知识归纳
单词
名词
指人：self, mankind, lawyer, youth, relative, terror, president
其它：quality, republic, principle, guidance, fee, league, stage, violence, blanket, cruelty, reward, opinion
动词
devote, found, vote, attack, escape, educate, beg, sentence
形容词
mean, active, generous, selfish, selfless, devoted, peaceful, legal, hopeful, equal, willing, unfair, educated, anti-black
副词
selflessly
短语
词汇表
out of work, as a matter of fact, blow up, in trouble, turn to, lose heart, come to power, set up, be sentenced to
单元中
fight against / for, go to sb. for advice, offer guidance to, break the law, be grateful for, put sb. in prison, achieve one’s dream, be willing to, lunch break, come back to sb., show sb. over sth.
句式
1. only修饰状语位于句首引起倒装
例句：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
2. the first time引导时间状语从句
例句：I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
语法
由where, when, why, prep.+ which / whom引导的定语从句
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. ___________ adj. 慷慨的; 大方的
2. ___________ n. 舞台; 阶段; 时期
3. ___________ vt.& vi. 投票; 选举 n. 投票; 选票; 表决
4. __________ vt. 进攻; 攻击; 抨击
5. __________ vi. 逃脱; 逃走; 泄露
6. ___________ n. 原则；原理；信念
7. ___________ n. 人类
8. ___________ n. 费用；酬金
9. ___________ adj. 有希望的
10. __________ n. 社团；联盟 v.（使）结盟
11. __________ n. 毛毯；覆盖物 vt. 覆盖
12. __________ v. 乞求；恳求
13. __________ n. 亲戚 adj. 相关的
14. __________ n. 恐怖；惊骇
15. __________ vt. 宣判；判决
16. __________ n. 总统；总裁；校长
17. __________ [前缀]反；抗；阻
__________ adj. 反黑人的
18. __________ v. 建立；创立；创办；
派生单词
19. _____________ n. 质量; 品质; 性质
→ ___________ n. 数量; 量
20. ____________ adj. 积极的; 活跃的
→ ___________ adv. 积极地; 活跃地
→ ___________ n. 活动
21. _____________ adj. 和平的; 平静的; 安宁的
→ ___________ adv. 和平地; 平静地; 安宁地
→ ___________ n. 和平; 平静; 和睦
22. ____________ adj. 法律的; 依照法律的
→ __________ (反义词) 非法的; 违法的
23. _____________ adj. 相等的; 平等的
→ __________ n. 平等; 相等
→ __________ adv. 同样地; 相等地; 公平地
24. _____________ n. 暴力；暴行
→ __________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
25. ______________ vt. 教育; 训练
→ ___________ adj. 受过教育的; 有教养的
→ ___________ n. 教育
→ ___________ n. 教育工作者; 教育家
26. _____________ n. 报酬; 奖金 vt. 酬劳; 奖赏
→ __________ adj. 值得的; 有益的;
27. _____________ v. 意思是；打算；意味 adj. 刻薄的；卑鄙的；
→ ___________ n. 意思；意义
28. _____________ n. 自己；本性； pron. ……自己
→ ___________ adj. 自私的
→ ___________ adj. 无私的
→ ___________ adv. 无私地
29. _____________ vt. 致力于；奉献给
→ __________ adj. 投入的；全心全意的
30. ____________ n. 共和国；共和政体
→ ________________________ 中华人民共和国
31. _____________ n. 律师
→ __________ n. 法律
32. ____________ n. 指导；引导；导航
→ __________ n. 向导；指南；v. 指导；引导
33. _____________ n. 青年
→ __________ n. 青少年
→ __________ n. 成年人
34. ____________ adj. 愿意的
→ __________ 不愿意的
→ __________ n. 意愿；遗嘱
35. ____________ adj. 不公平的
→ __________ adj. 公平的
36. ____________ n. 残酷
→ __________ adj. 残忍的
短语
1. 失业 ______________________
2. 事实上 ______________________
3. 使充气; 爆炸 ______________________
4. 在危险 /麻烦等处境中 ______________________
5. 求助于; 致力于 ______________________
6. 丧失勇气或信心 _____________________
7. 当权; 上台 _____________________
8. 设立; 建立 _____________________
9. 被判处……(徒刑) _____________________
10. 愿意做某事 ____________________
句型
1…. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
“only＋状语”置于句首引起的倒装句。
2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
the first time用作连词, 用来引导时间状语从句。
基础知识运用
基础训练篇
I. 用正确的介词填空。
1. If my brother needs financial help, he always turns ________ me.
2. The company is ________ trouble primarily because of poor management.
3. Horace is so devoted ________ his garden that he hasn't been away for 10 years.
4. The man was sentenced ________ death after he was identified as a murderer.
II. 选用方框内合适的单词并用其正确形式填空（每个单词限用一次）。
violent, guide, educate, peace, fair, hope
1. It seems ________ on him to make him pay for everything.
2. Tony was probably the most highly ________ person of that family.
3. The police are said to have used unnecessary ________ on the crowd.
4. Different ethnic groups in the area lived together in ________ co-existence.
5. In spite of our differences, we remain ________ that a solution can be found.
6. You are fortunate to have had in your youth the help and ________ of such a man.
III. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
1. Their child is at the stage ________ (which, where) she can say individual words but not full sentences.
2. We have entered into an age ________ (which, when) dreams have the best chance of coming true.
3. The reason ________ (why, which) the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
4. Many young people, most of ________ (those, whom) were well-educated, headed for remote regions to seek their dreams.
5. Self-driving is an area ________ (where, there) China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ (which, when) the weather may be better.
7. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ (which, that) has been proved.
IV. 根据括号内的提示翻译下面句子。
1. 你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。 (escape)
2. 这所学校成立了一个特殊的班级，以帮助那些孩子。 (set up)
3. 这家公司对质量比对产量更重视。 (quality)
4. 我们应邀就应该如何完成这项工作发表意见。 (opinion)
能力提升篇
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On June 24th, 1859, thirty-one-year-old Henri Dunant, from Switzerland, travelled to Solferino, northern Italy, 1. ________ (intend) to discuss his failing business interests with Napoleon III. Dunant arrived just in time 2. ________ (see) the aftermath ( 后果) of the Battle of Solferino, a nine-hour bloodbath that left tens of thousands dead and wounded. The French army had fewer doctors than vets — horses were 3. ________ (valuable) in war than men — so abandoning his plans to meet Napoleon, Dunant set about mobilizing ( 动员) local people to help care for 4. ________ wounded. At his insistence, the volunteers did not discriminate according to the colour of the soldiers' uniforms; medical care 5. ________ (give) to all. From this principle arose the 6. ________ (organize) that Dunant helped to found four years later — the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Dunant was an unlikely hero. Born in Geneva, he was a poor student who went on to become an even worse businessman. Even during the early days of the Red Cross, he had to resign 7. ________ the committee. His businesses were collapsing ( 崩溃) all around him and the authorities had ordered his arrest. He fled Geneva, never to return. In the next twenty years, he went from country to country, part-businessman, part-mouthpiece for the Red Cross. He 8. ________ (final) returned to Switzerland and settled in a small town 9. ________ (call) Heiden. Six years later, he became the first winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Today, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement has almost 100 million members, 10. ________ operate all over the world.
参考答案：
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. generous 2. stage 3. vote 4. attack 5. escape 6. principle
7. mankind 8. fee 9. hopeful 10. league 11. blanket 12. beg
13. relative 14. terror 15. sentence 16. president 17. anti- /anti-black 18. found
派生单词
19. quality quantity 20. active actively activity
21. peaceful peacefully peace 22. legal illegal
23. equal equality equally 24. violence violent
25. educate educated education educator 26. reward rewarding
27. mean meaning 28. self selfish selfless selflessly
29. devote devoted 30. republic People’s Republic of China
31. lawyer law 32. guidance guide
33. youth teenager adult 34. willing unwilling will
35. unfair fair 36. cruelty cruel
短语
1. out of work 2. as a matter of fact 3. blow up 4. in trouble
5. turn to 6. lose heart 7. come to power 8. set up
9．be sentenced to 10. be willing to do
基础知识运用
基础训练
I. 1. to 2. in 3. to 4. to
II. 1. unfair 2. educated 3. violence 4. peaceful
5. hopeful 6. guidance
III. 1. where 2. when 3. why 4. whom 5. where
6. when 7. which
IV. 1. You were lucky to escape punishment / being punished.
2. The school has set up a special class to help those kids.
3. This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity.
4. We were invited to give our opinions about how the work should be done.
能力提升
1. intending 2. to see 3. more valuable 4. the
5. was given 6. organization 7. from 8. finally
9. called 10. who