人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land基础知识巩固（含答案）
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人教高二选修2 Unit 4基础知识巩固
基础知识归纳
单词
名词
与自然及环境有关：catastrophe, flood, pollution, circumstance
与数据统计有关：graph, phenomenon, quantity, data, trend, range, tendency, growth
其它：consequence, existence, commitment, motor, can, microwave, educator, contribution, presentation, disagreement, fuel
动词
consume, subscribe, tend, oppose, state, glance, advocate, refresh
形容词
random, opposed, mild, steady, widespread, average, outer, electrical, casual, nuclear
副词
steadily
介词
per
短语
词汇表
come about, subscribe to, quantities of, go up, result in, be opposed to, even if, keep on, on the whole, on behalf of, put up with, so long as, and so on
单元中
trap the heat from sun, greenhouse gases, human activity, natural phenomenon, carbon dioxide, water vapour, heat up, rather than, a range of, have little effect on, have the power to do sth., make a difference, as a result of, get sb. started with sth., turn off / up, put on, instead of, refresh your spirit
句式
1. There is no doubt that
例句：There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon
2. It was ... who ...
例句：It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
语法
“it”的用法（二）
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. ____________ n. 数量
2. ____________ n. 资料; 数据
3. ____________ vt. 反对; 反抗
4. ____________ n. 趋势; 倾向; 走向
5. ____________ vt. 陈述 n. 状态, 国家
6. ____________ n. 种类；范围
7. ____________ adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的
8. ____________ vi. 扫视；看一下 n.一瞥
9. ____________ vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
10. ____________ n. 后果；结果；影响
11. _____________ n. 现象
12. _____________ n. 教育家；教育工作者
13. ____________ n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
14. ____________ adj. 平均的
15. ____________ adj. 分布广的；普遍的
16. ____________ vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
17. ____________ vt. 使恢复；使振作
18. ____________ v. 同意；捐赠；订阅；签署（文件）；捐助
19. ____________ n. 环境；情况
20. ____________ n. 燃料
21. ____________ n. 生存；存在
22. ____________ n. 承诺；交托；信奉
23. ____________ n. 倾向；趋势
24. ____________ n. 大灾难；浩劫
25. ____________ adj. 电的；与电有关的
26. ____________ adj. 胡乱的；任意的
27. _____________ adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
28. _____________ adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
29. _____________ adj. 能再生的；可更新的
30. _____________ n. 承诺；交托；信奉
31. _____________ n. 环境保护论者
32. _____________ adj. 节约的；经济的
33. _____________ adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
派生单词
34. ____________ vt. 陈述(正式) n. 国家; 状态; 州
adj. 国立的
→ ____________ n.说明, 陈述
→ ____________ adj. 宏大的; 优雅从容的
35. ____________ vt. 使恢复; 使振作
→ ____________ adj. 使人振作的
→ ____________ adj. 振作的; 精神的
→ ____________ n. (精力)恢复; 点心
36. ____________ n. 污染；弄脏
→ ____________ vt. 污染
37. ____________ n. 增长；生长
→ ____________ vt. & vi. 种植；生长；增多
38. _____________ n. 分歧；不一致
→ ____________ vi. 不同意
→ ____________ n. 同意；协议
→ ____________ vi. 同意
39. ____________ n. 贡献
→ ____________ v.贡献
40. ____________ n. 反对；反抗；与（某人）较量
→ ____________ adj. 反对的；对立的
短语
1. 发生；造成 _____________
2. 上升；增长；升起 _____________
3. 即使 _____________
4. 继续 _____________
5. 忍受；容忍 _____________
6. 大体上；基本上 _____________
7. 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 _____________
8. 导致 _____________
9. 反对…… _____________
10. 同意；赞成；订购 _____________
11. 大量的 _____________
12. 等等 _____________
13. 只要 _____________
句型
1. There is no doubt that
e.g. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon
2. It was ... who ...
e.g. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
基础知识运用
基础训练篇
I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. This program could not have been successful without Ken’s valuable ________ (contribute).
2. The company’s ________ (commit) to providing quality products at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
3. The 350-page report was based on ________ (state) from witnesses to the events.
4. They were preparing for the ________ (present) of a new musical when I reached there.
5. There were ________ (disagree) among doctors about the best way to treat the disease.
6. Public worries about accidents are threatening the very ________ (exist) of the nuclear power industry.
II. 用适当的介词填空。
1. These youth are ________ average better educated than those already in the marketplace.
2. We received several answers, and we picked one ________ random.
3. You have made a few mistakes but ________ the whole you have done well.
4. I have never subscribed ________ the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
III. 将A框中的介词填入B框中空白处，并用短语的正确形式补全下面句子（每项均限用一次）。
A
a. in b. of c. on d. to e. with
f. about
B
come ①________ result ②________
keep ③________ be opposed ④________
on behalf ⑤________ put up ⑥________
1. ________________ the department I would like to thank you all.
2. The food is not very good, but we shall just have to ________________ it.
3. Sugar and fat can more easily ________________ obesity than some other foods.
4. The neighbors asked them to stop making a noise, but they ________________.
5. I ________________ the idea that it is the woman’s job to bring up the child.
6. How does it ________________ that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary
IV. 根据括号内的提示翻译下面句子。
1. 是谁赢了昨天的乒乓球比赛 (强调句型)
2. 昨天我到家时看到桌子上有很多食物。 (quantities of )
3. 我喜欢那个小男孩，尽管他有时很烦人。 (even if )
4. 只要我们继续打得好，我们就会继续赢得比赛。 (so long as)
能力提升篇
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1895 Swedish physicist and chemist Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) was one of the first persons to ask an important question: “Is the mean temperature of the ground in any way influenced by the presence of the heat 1. ________ (absorb) gases in the atmosphere ” Arrhenius’ field was not climate change however, 2. ________ he regarded as a hobby, but electrochemistry, and it was his research in this field 3. ________ won him the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903. The pursuit of his hobby meanwhile led him to found a group of 4. ________ (scientist) interested in “cosmic physics”, the study of the earth, the sea and the atmosphere, and he first put forward his “hot-house theory” of the atmosphere in a book intended for 5. ________ general public, Worlds in the Making. In it he described how his research had shown that no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would cause temperatures 6. ________ (fall). This was because at the time he was not concerned with global warming but trying to explain how ice ages 7. ________ (start). Later, however, with the advance of industry, Arrhenius did become interested in carbon dioxide emissions 8. ________ (make) by humans, although he believed burning fossil fuels could make earth’s climates 9. ________ (friendly) than before, encouraging plant growth and therefore making food more plentiful for earth’s growing population. Still, it’s important to note that, 10. ________ (like) Arrhenius, most scientists before the 1960s thought humans could not affect global temperatures at all.
参考答案：
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. quantity 2. data 3. oppose 4. trend
5. state 6. range 7. steady 8. glance
9.advocate 10.consequence 11. phenomenon 12. educator
13. graph 14. average 15. widespread 16. consume
17. refresh 18. subscribe 19. circumstance 20. fuel
21. existence 22. commitment 23. tendency 24. catastrophe
25. electrical 26. random 27. casual 28. mild
29. renewable 30. measurement 31. environmentalist 32. economical 33. nuclear
派生单词
34. state statement stately
35. refresh refreshing refreshed refreshment
36. pollution pollute
37. growth grow
38. disagreement disagree agreement agree
39. contribution contribute
40. oppose opposed
短语
1. come about 2. go up 3. even if 4. keep on
5. put up with 6. on the whole 7. on behalf of 8. result in
9. be opposed to 10. subscribe to 11. quantities of 12. and so on
13. so long as
基础知识运用
基础训练篇
I. 1. contribution(s) 2. commitment 3. statements
4. presentation 5. disagreements 6. existence
II. 1. on 2. at 3. on 4. to
III. ①f ②a ③c ④d ⑤b ⑥e
1. On behalf of 2. put up with 3. result in 4. kept on
5. am opposed to 6. come about
IV. 1. Who was it that won yesterday’s table tennis match
2. I saw quantities of food were on the table when I arrived home yesterday.
3. I like that little boy even if he can be annoying at times.
4. So long as we keep playing well, we’ll keep winning games.
能力提升篇
1. absorbing 2. which 3. that 4. scientists 5. the
6. to fall 7. started 8. made 9. friendlier 10. unlike
基础知识归纳
单词
名词
与自然及环境有关：catastrophe, flood, pollution, circumstance
与数据统计有关：graph, phenomenon, quantity, data, trend, range, tendency, growth
其它：consequence, existence, commitment, motor, can, microwave, educator, contribution, presentation, disagreement, fuel
动词
consume, subscribe, tend, oppose, state, glance, advocate, refresh
形容词
random, opposed, mild, steady, widespread, average, outer, electrical, casual, nuclear
副词
steadily
介词
per
短语
词汇表
come about, subscribe to, quantities of, go up, result in, be opposed to, even if, keep on, on the whole, on behalf of, put up with, so long as, and so on
单元中
trap the heat from sun, greenhouse gases, human activity, natural phenomenon, carbon dioxide, water vapour, heat up, rather than, a range of, have little effect on, have the power to do sth., make a difference, as a result of, get sb. started with sth., turn off / up, put on, instead of, refresh your spirit
句式
1. There is no doubt that
例句：There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon
2. It was ... who ...
例句：It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
语法
“it”的用法（二）
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. ____________ n. 数量
2. ____________ n. 资料; 数据
3. ____________ vt. 反对; 反抗
4. ____________ n. 趋势; 倾向; 走向
5. ____________ vt. 陈述 n. 状态, 国家
6. ____________ n. 种类；范围
7. ____________ adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的
8. ____________ vi. 扫视；看一下 n.一瞥
9. ____________ vt. 拥护；提倡；主张
10. ____________ n. 后果；结果；影响
11. _____________ n. 现象
12. _____________ n. 教育家；教育工作者
13. ____________ n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
14. ____________ adj. 平均的
15. ____________ adj. 分布广的；普遍的
16. ____________ vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
17. ____________ vt. 使恢复；使振作
18. ____________ v. 同意；捐赠；订阅；签署（文件）；捐助
19. ____________ n. 环境；情况
20. ____________ n. 燃料
21. ____________ n. 生存；存在
22. ____________ n. 承诺；交托；信奉
23. ____________ n. 倾向；趋势
24. ____________ n. 大灾难；浩劫
25. ____________ adj. 电的；与电有关的
26. ____________ adj. 胡乱的；任意的
27. _____________ adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
28. _____________ adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
29. _____________ adj. 能再生的；可更新的
30. _____________ n. 承诺；交托；信奉
31. _____________ n. 环境保护论者
32. _____________ adj. 节约的；经济的
33. _____________ adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
派生单词
34. ____________ vt. 陈述(正式) n. 国家; 状态; 州
adj. 国立的
→ ____________ n.说明, 陈述
→ ____________ adj. 宏大的; 优雅从容的
35. ____________ vt. 使恢复; 使振作
→ ____________ adj. 使人振作的
→ ____________ adj. 振作的; 精神的
→ ____________ n. (精力)恢复; 点心
36. ____________ n. 污染；弄脏
→ ____________ vt. 污染
37. ____________ n. 增长；生长
→ ____________ vt. & vi. 种植；生长；增多
38. _____________ n. 分歧；不一致
→ ____________ vi. 不同意
→ ____________ n. 同意；协议
→ ____________ vi. 同意
39. ____________ n. 贡献
→ ____________ v.贡献
40. ____________ n. 反对；反抗；与（某人）较量
→ ____________ adj. 反对的；对立的
短语
1. 发生；造成 _____________
2. 上升；增长；升起 _____________
3. 即使 _____________
4. 继续 _____________
5. 忍受；容忍 _____________
6. 大体上；基本上 _____________
7. 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 _____________
8. 导致 _____________
9. 反对…… _____________
10. 同意；赞成；订购 _____________
11. 大量的 _____________
12. 等等 _____________
13. 只要 _____________
句型
1. There is no doubt that
e.g. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon
2. It was ... who ...
e.g. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
基础知识运用
基础训练篇
I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. This program could not have been successful without Ken’s valuable ________ (contribute).
2. The company’s ________ (commit) to providing quality products at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
3. The 350-page report was based on ________ (state) from witnesses to the events.
4. They were preparing for the ________ (present) of a new musical when I reached there.
5. There were ________ (disagree) among doctors about the best way to treat the disease.
6. Public worries about accidents are threatening the very ________ (exist) of the nuclear power industry.
II. 用适当的介词填空。
1. These youth are ________ average better educated than those already in the marketplace.
2. We received several answers, and we picked one ________ random.
3. You have made a few mistakes but ________ the whole you have done well.
4. I have never subscribed ________ the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
III. 将A框中的介词填入B框中空白处，并用短语的正确形式补全下面句子（每项均限用一次）。
A
a. in b. of c. on d. to e. with
f. about
B
come ①________ result ②________
keep ③________ be opposed ④________
on behalf ⑤________ put up ⑥________
1. ________________ the department I would like to thank you all.
2. The food is not very good, but we shall just have to ________________ it.
3. Sugar and fat can more easily ________________ obesity than some other foods.
4. The neighbors asked them to stop making a noise, but they ________________.
5. I ________________ the idea that it is the woman’s job to bring up the child.
6. How does it ________________ that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary
IV. 根据括号内的提示翻译下面句子。
1. 是谁赢了昨天的乒乓球比赛 (强调句型)
2. 昨天我到家时看到桌子上有很多食物。 (quantities of )
3. 我喜欢那个小男孩，尽管他有时很烦人。 (even if )
4. 只要我们继续打得好，我们就会继续赢得比赛。 (so long as)
能力提升篇
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1895 Swedish physicist and chemist Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) was one of the first persons to ask an important question: “Is the mean temperature of the ground in any way influenced by the presence of the heat 1. ________ (absorb) gases in the atmosphere ” Arrhenius’ field was not climate change however, 2. ________ he regarded as a hobby, but electrochemistry, and it was his research in this field 3. ________ won him the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903. The pursuit of his hobby meanwhile led him to found a group of 4. ________ (scientist) interested in “cosmic physics”, the study of the earth, the sea and the atmosphere, and he first put forward his “hot-house theory” of the atmosphere in a book intended for 5. ________ general public, Worlds in the Making. In it he described how his research had shown that no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would cause temperatures 6. ________ (fall). This was because at the time he was not concerned with global warming but trying to explain how ice ages 7. ________ (start). Later, however, with the advance of industry, Arrhenius did become interested in carbon dioxide emissions 8. ________ (make) by humans, although he believed burning fossil fuels could make earth’s climates 9. ________ (friendly) than before, encouraging plant growth and therefore making food more plentiful for earth’s growing population. Still, it’s important to note that, 10. ________ (like) Arrhenius, most scientists before the 1960s thought humans could not affect global temperatures at all.
参考答案：
基础知识默写
基本单词
1. quantity 2. data 3. oppose 4. trend
5. state 6. range 7. steady 8. glance
9.advocate 10.consequence 11. phenomenon 12. educator
13. graph 14. average 15. widespread 16. consume
17. refresh 18. subscribe 19. circumstance 20. fuel
21. existence 22. commitment 23. tendency 24. catastrophe
25. electrical 26. random 27. casual 28. mild
29. renewable 30. measurement 31. environmentalist 32. economical 33. nuclear
派生单词
34. state statement stately
35. refresh refreshing refreshed refreshment
36. pollution pollute
37. growth grow
38. disagreement disagree agreement agree
39. contribution contribute
40. oppose opposed
短语
1. come about 2. go up 3. even if 4. keep on
5. put up with 6. on the whole 7. on behalf of 8. result in
9. be opposed to 10. subscribe to 11. quantities of 12. and so on
13. so long as
基础知识运用
基础训练篇
I. 1. contribution(s) 2. commitment 3. statements
4. presentation 5. disagreements 6. existence
II. 1. on 2. at 3. on 4. to
III. ①f ②a ③c ④d ⑤b ⑥e
1. On behalf of 2. put up with 3. result in 4. kept on
5. am opposed to 6. come about
IV. 1. Who was it that won yesterday’s table tennis match
2. I saw quantities of food were on the table when I arrived home yesterday.
3. I like that little boy even if he can be annoying at times.
4. So long as we keep playing well, we’ll keep winning games.
能力提升篇
1. absorbing 2. which 3. that 4. scientists 5. the
6. to fall 7. started 8. made 9. friendlier 10. unlike