人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists检测（含答案）

Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
选择题部分
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Sir Ronald Ross was born in Almora, India in 1857. During his early years, he developed interests in poetry, literature, music, and mathematics, all of which he continued to engage in (从事) for the rest of his life.
Although he had no tendency to study medicine, at the age of 17 he agreed to obey his father's wish to see him enter the Indian Medical Service. He began his medical studies at St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London in 1874. Later, he developed his scientific interests and took a course in bacteriology.
In 1892 he became interested in malaria and, having originally doubted the parasites' ( 寄生虫的) existence, became an enthusiastic supporter of the belief that malaria parasites were in the blood stream when this was demonstrated to him by Patrick Manson in 1894.
In 1895, Ross began to prove the hypothesis ( 假说) of Alphonse Laveran and Manson that mosquitoes ( 蚊子) were connected with the spread of malaria. However, his progress was hampered by the Indian Medical Service.
On 20 August 1897, Ross made his landmark discovery. While dissecting ( 解剖) the stomach tissue of a mosquito fed four days previously on a malarious patient, he found the malaria parasite and went on to prove the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans.
He continued his research into malaria in India, using a more convenient experimental model, malaria in birds. By July 1898, he had demonstrated that mosquitoes could serve as intermediate ( 中间的) hosts for bird malaria. After feeding mosquitoes on infected (被感染的) birds, he found that the malaria parasites could develop in the mosquitoes, allowing the mosquitoes to infect other birds during following blood meals.
In 1902 Ross was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of fighting it.” Ross wrote extensively on malaria including his book The Prevention of Malaria in 1911. While Ross is remembered for his malaria work, this remarkable man was also a mathematician, epidemiologist, sanitarian, editor, novelist, dramatist, poet, amateur musician, composer, and artist.
21. What made Ross take up medical studies
A. His father's expectation.
B. His keen interest in bacteriology.
C. The rapid spread of malaria in India.
D. The invitation from a medical college.
22. What does the underlined word “hampered” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Assisted. B. Evaluated. C. Blocked. D. Monitored.
23. How did Ross confirm Patrick Manson's hypothesis
A. By closely observing malarious birds.
B. By dissecting dead malarious patients.
C. By finding malaria parasites in mosquitoes.
D. By studying the human blood stream in depth.
24. What does the last paragraph mainly discuss
A. Ross' career. B. Ross' hobbies.
C. Ross' personal life. D. Ross' achievements.
B
Albert Einstein laid the foundation for modern physics, but he may not be the man your kids should try hard to be. That man would be the productive Thomas Alva Edison — he of the “inspiration is perspiration ( 汗水)”school of thought. Researchers came to that conclusion after doing a series of studies with college students. They found students were more inspired by the hard-working Edison type than Einstein's “genius is my birthright” model.
“There's a misleading message out there that says you have to be a genius in order to be a scientist,” study co-author Danfei Hu explains. “This just isn't true and may be a big factor in discouraging people from working on science. Struggling is a normal part of doing science and talent is not the only prerequisite (先决条件) for succeeding in science. It's important we help spread this message in science education.” The researchers hope that more Edison appreciation will draw more people to the sciences — especially at a time when increasing numbers of students are dropping out of those careers.
To help turn that tide ( 趋势), Hu and Janet N. Ahn of William Paterson University did another study. For this study, participants read the same story — about the difficulty faced by a scientist over the course of a career. Half the students were told the story's main character was Einstein; the other half were told it was Edison. It may have been the same story, but knowing it involved Einstein caused students to think that he overpowered his struggles using his smart brain. But when Edison was the hero of the story, students believed that he outworked his problems. Indeed, the latter students were more motivated to complete a series of problems.
“This information can help shape the language we use in textbooks and in public regarding what it takes to succeed in science,” Hu explains. “Young people are always trying to find inspiration from the people around them. If we can send the message that struggling for success is normal, that could be beneficial.”
25. Why does the author mention Albert Einstein in Paragraph 1
A. To introduce the achievements he made.
B. To describe his “genius is my birthright” model.
C. To explain why fewer students want to be scientists.
D. To show his stories are unable to draw students to the sciences.
26. What did the researchers do in the study
A. They read historical novels to participants.
B. They asked participants to tell their career stories.
C. They offered the same story to two groups of participants.
D. They compared the reading ability of two groups of participants.
27. Which of the following might Danfei Hu agree with according to the text
A. Students should know hard work is within everyone's reach.
B. Young people should be taught success doesn't come easy.
C. Students should carefully choose their lifelong career.
D. Young people should learn to follow their own minds.
C
An employee whose personality traits (特点) closely match the traits that are ideal (理想的) for his or her job is likely to earn more than an employee whose traits are less congruent ( 一致的), according to new research.
Findings from previous research have shown that some personality traits are generally beneficial when it comes to a work environment. Being highly conscientious ( 勤勉认真的), lead researcher Jaap J.A. Denissen notes, is connected with being hard-working and wellorganized, qualities that are typically prized in employees. But Denissen questioned the idea that there is an ideal personality type. The researchers thought that the match, or mismatch, between a person's traits and job requirements, might be important when it comes to important outcomes like income.
The researchers developed a new way of directly comparing the fit between a given employee and a given job, using the well-established Big Five personality traits to quantify (量化) the traits that a job requires. The researchers examined personality, yearly income, and jobs of 8, 458 persons living in Germany.
The results showed that fit really does matter, at least when it comes to extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experiences. For these three traits, greater congruence between an employee's own personality and a job's requirements was connected with higher income. Importantly, the data also showed that employees who were more agreeable, more conscientious, or more open to experiences than their jobs required actually earned less than people who had congruent levels of those traits.
The researchers note that additional studies will be required to understand how job experiences, job satisfaction, and job performance might influence the association between the individual job personality fit and income. The results of the present study do suggest that achieving the right fit requires a special approach to knowing both personal traits and job-related traits. Paying attention to the approach could have important implications for both employees and employers.
28. What does the previous research show
A. Conscientious people earn much.
B. Certain personality traits are advantageous in jobs.
C. Job requirements are decisive in choosing an employee.
D. People's income can be predicted simply by the work environment.
29. What is the result of the new research
A. Employees with a strong personality earn more than others.
B. Having too little of a given trait will cause less job satisfaction.
C. A perfect individual job personality fit contributes to higher income.
D. Conscientious employees earn more than those who are open to experiences.
30. What do researchers say about their new research
A. It still needs further studies.
B. It has been applied to job interviews.
C. It will help people find the right job easily.
D. It has proved the previous study totally wrong.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cecilia Payne was born in England to highly successful parents. Her father was a fellow of Oxford University, and her mother was a talented artist. She showed a great talent for music. 31 However, it was science that stole her heart. Her mother had told her of a bee orchid, a plant that resembled (类似) a bumblebee, and upon discovering this Payne's mind was set on pursuing a career in science.
As a young adult she won herself a scholarship to study at the University of Cambridge's Newnham College, where she began studying botany, chemistry and physics. 32 After one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity, Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning. Her destiny (命运) had been set, and for the rest of her undergraduate years she majored in physics and became absorbed in astronomy (天文学), her true love.
33 She went there to work with Harlow Shapley and Princeton's Henry Norris Russell, two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time. In just two years, Payne completed her PhD essay on the chemical composition of the stars. Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium. But Russell disagreed with her findings as they conflicted with the accepted theories of the day. 34 He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means.
Payne remained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story. In the mid-1950s she made history again by becoming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship. She died of lung cancer in 1979. 35
A. It was here that she met the superstars of physics.
B. She would later go on to become a skilled pianist.
C. It changed the way astronomers understood the universe.
D. Payne gave up her studies under the pressure from Russel.
E. However, Russell stated her findings were correct four years later.
F. After completing her studies in the UK, Payne set sail for Harvard.
G. Now, she is remembered as one of astronomy's most inspirational women.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dirk Smutzler looks for ways to make science interesting and relevant in his classroom at Dickinson's Hagen Junior High School.
Smutzler teaches seventh grade life science. “I try to engage them in 36
whenever possible. Junior high kids like to be active,” he said. “As far as labs go, we'll look in depth at pond water. I 37 the students in dissecting a frog.”
When the unit is about genetics ( 遗传学), Smutzler makes the subject 38
through an experiment about taste. Some students can taste a certain 39 , while others can't. “The ones who 40 it think it's just unpleasant. They can't 41 a gene controls their ability to taste a chemical like that,” he said.
The 42 for taking up teaching “I've always enjoyed interacting with kids when I coached Little League baseball while in high school and some parents approached me and said I should be a(n) 43 . Although I'd never thought about it before, that 44
my interest in teaching. But I didn't give it full consideration until later in college,” Smutzler said.
Smutzler is 45 reviewing the district-wide science curriculum. “We're looking at ways we can improve 46 education. That definitely is going to involve more collaboration (合作),” he said. “As we review this curriculum, we will 47 more technology in the labs.”
Smutzler also advises Hagen's science club. He said, “It's a(n) 48 for an extracurricular activity and it's 49 to any student. It's supplemental ( 补充的) to the classroom.” The club exposes (使接触) students to 50 not available in the daily classroom. Last fall, the eighth graders went on a field trip. They were 51 to go fossil hunting on private land.
Hagen Principal Perry Braunagel said, “I had the opportunity to observe him in the classroom and 52 how well he managed his classroom and 53 students to succeed. Mr. Smutzler worked hard to develop 54 learning opportunities for his students and provided them with the necessary resources to complete assignments.”
Braunagel also described Smutzler as an educator who has 55 professional development opportunities through in-service workshops and classes.
36. A. conversations B. activities C. options D. services
37. A. prefer B. promise C. guide D. advise
38. A. more relevant B. more difficult
C. more important D. more traditional
39. A. drink B. plant C. food D. chemical
40. A. smell B. imagine C. taste D. answer
41. A. believe B. conclude C. realize D. say
42. A. procedure B. talent C. reason D. medium
43. A. teacher B. engineer C. doctor D. artist
44. A. expressed B. excited C. followed D. satisfied
45. A. worried about B. occupied with
C. particular about D. addicted to
46. A. university B. health C. adult D. science
47. A. include B. develop C. recognize D. experience
48. A. framework B. annoyance C. opportunity D. instruction
49. A. available B. unique C. harmful D. inappropriate
50. A. businesses B. risks C. jobs D. projects
51. A. warned B. permitted C. forced D. persuaded
52. A. admit B. wonder C. accept D. witness
53. A. wished B. ordered C. challenged D. reminded
54. A. simple B. interesting C. familiar D. amusing
55. A. made up for B. taken charge of
C. looked back on D. taken advantage of
非选择题部分
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
So far, the battle with COVID-19 has been done across the world, and one of the fronts we're fighting on is trying to increase testing 56. ________ (measure) so scientists can see where COVID-19 is spreading the most.
Lots of data can be 57. ________ (huge) helpful in tracking and controlling the spread of the disease, 58. ________ doesn't always reveal 59. ________ (it) through noticeable symptoms ( 症状). A team of researchers put forward a potential testing method that promises 60. ________ (be) fast, affordable, and accurate: it uses a paper-based device to detect the 61. ________ (present) of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. While it has its limitations, it has 62. ________ number of advantages too — it gathers data in close to real time, and it's generally accurate. What's more, the paper devices are easy to store, and can be burned after use.
When people are not sure whether they are infected, real-time community wastewater detection through the paper devices could determine whether there are COVID-19 carriers in an area to enable rapid prevention and reduce the threat 63. ________ public health. In areas where SARS-CoV-2 is found, additional steps can 64. ________ (take) to control the spread, 65. ________ (give) health experts another way to get on top of the situation.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校将举办校园科技创新大赛。请你给留学生朋友Eric写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 时间、目的；2. 参赛形式：个人或团队合作创新作品；3. 期待合作。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I found myself dealing with worries right before the new school year started.
My neighbor Ollie and I were skateboarding in the park when we happened to see some kids from my school.
“I wish summer wasn't ending,” said Rose. “But at least I'll be in Ms. Ramirez's class. My brother had her last year. She's so nice.”
“I got Mr. Nishimoto,” said Jack. “I've heard he brings his guitar and plays funny songs.”
“I'd love to have a singing teacher!” I said. “I have Ms. Newman, and I know nothing about her.”
“Oh no!” said Alex. “I'm sure she's the one people call the mean, green homework machine.”
“I don't listen to rumors (谣言),” I said with a smile. But part of me thought, “What if what Alex said is true ” And that's when the worry button got pushed in my brain. And as you know, once the worry button gets pushed, one worry can turn into lots and lots of worries surprisingly quickly.
That night, I had a wild dream. I was searching for my perfect first-day-of-school suit, but a hungry goat got to it first and ate it up. So I was stuck wearing the only thing left in my house — a swimsuit.
So how does someone wearing a swimsuit get to school By swimming, of course. And since swimming through the busy streets of San Francisco isn't easy, I arrived at school really late. By the time I made it to my classroom, it was almost lunchtime.
“You're late!” shouted a terrible green monster ( 怪兽). “Now you'll have to do ten times as much homework! Every night, forever!”
I woke up with my heart racing.
That afternoon, Ollie's grandma, Abuela, asked if I was looking forward to school starting.
“Um, not exactly,” I said. And I started describing my frightening dream. The more I described it, the sillier it sounded. By the end of my story, Ollie, Abuela, and I were laughing so hard that we could hardly catch our breath.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Abuela said she thought there might be some information about the teachers on our school's website.


Paragraph 2:
Abuela also suggested I make a list of my worries, and that helped too.


参考答案
21-25 ACCDD 26-30 CBBCA 31-35 BAFEG
36-40 BCADC 41-45 ACABB 46-50 DACAD
51-55 BDCBD
56. measures 57. hugely 58. which 59. itself
60. to be 61. presence 62. a 63. to
64. be taken 65. giving
应用文写作
One possible version:
Dear Eric,
I'm writing to invite you to participate in the campus science and technology innovation competition to be held next Friday in our school.
The competition aims at enriching our afterclass life, inspiring students to love and learn science, and promoting the scientific spirit. Participants are encouraged to create new technological products by themselves and the ones created through cooperation are also welcome. I know you're interested in creating technological products, so I'd like you to join our team, which I believe will definitely add strength to it.
Looking forward to your reply and cooperation.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写
One possible version：
Abuela said she thought there might be some information about the teachers on our school's website. She suggested I do a little research. On the website, we finally found a picture of Ms. Newman, who was actually a smiling human, not a terrible monster. Beside her photo was a description of her hobbies and her pet dog. The minute I learned some facts about my new teacher was the minute my worry button finally switched off.
Abuela also suggested I make a list of my worries, and that helped too. Being able to see my worries on paper made it much easier to talk about them and to plan ahead. I realized I needed to prepare something for my school a few days early. I also made sure I knew exactly when the school bus would arrive, and I printed out a map of the school with directions to my new classroom. And I was sure my school life was going to be just fine once I got used to it.

部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了罗纳德·罗斯是如何证实疟疾是由蚊子传播的。
21. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的Although he had no tendency to study medicine, at the age of 17 he agreed to obey his father's wish to see him enter the Indian Medical Service可知，罗斯并未打算学医，但他的父亲希望他能参加印度的医疗服务，罗斯顺从了父亲的意愿。
22. C。词义猜测题。由划线词前的In 1895, Ross began to prove the hypothesis和However以及下一段中的On 20 August 1897, Ross made his landmark discovery可知，罗斯证明蚊子传播疟疾这一假说的进展受到了印度医疗服务的阻碍。
23. C。推理判断题。由第五段中的While dissecting the stomach tissue of a mosquito ... he found the malaria parasite and went on to prove the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans和第六段中的he found that the malaria parasites could develop in the mosquitoes, allowing the mosquitoes to infect other birds during following blood meals可知，罗斯在蚊子体内发现了疟原虫，证实了蚊子传播疟疾。
24. D。段落大意题。由最后一段的描述可知，本段主要讲述了罗斯的个人成就。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。研究表明: 学生更易被爱迪生激发他们的科研热情。
25. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Albert Einstein laid the foundation for modern physics, but he may not be the man your kids should try hard to be. That man would be the productive Thomas Alva Edison — he of the “inspiration is perspiration” school of thought可知，作者提到爱因斯坦是为了说明他的故事不能激发学生的科研热情。
26. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的For this study, participants read the same story ... Half the students ... the other half ...可知，研究人员让两组学生读了同一个故事。
27. B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This information can help shape the language we use in textbooks and in public regarding what it takes to succeed in science以及Young people are always trying to find inspiration from the people around them. If we can send the message that struggling for success is normal可知，Hu的话表明她认为年轻人应该被教导成功并非易事的道理。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。研究发现性格特点与工作需求一致的人挣得更多。
28. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Findings from previous research have shown that some personality traits are generally beneficial when it comes to a work environment可知，以往的研究表明某些特定的性格特点对工作有利。
29. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的greater congruence between an employee's own personality and a job's requirements was connected with higher income以及employees who were more agreeable, more conscientious, or more open to experiences than their jobs required actually earned less than people who had congruent levels of those traits可知，研究结果表明，性格特点与工作需求的匹配度恰当的人收入更多。
30. A。细节理解题。根据末段中的The researchers note that additional studies will be required to understand how job experiences, job satisfaction, and job performance might influence the association between the individual job personality fit and income可知，研究者认为他们仍然需要进一步研究工作经历、工作满意度和工作表现对个人工作和性格契合度与收入之间关系的影响。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了首次提出太阳和其他恒星主要由氢和氦所组成的美籍英国天文学家Cecilia Payne。
31. B。设空处承接上文。B项中的become a skilled pianist和上文中的showed a great talent for music呼应。
32. A。设空处在该段中起承上启下的作用。A项中的here指代上文中的the University of Cambridge's Newnham College。下文中的one lecture given by Arthur Eddington把A项中的met the superstars of physics的行为具体化了。
33. F。设空处是过渡句，承接第二段内容，引出第三段内容。下文中的there指代F项中的Harvard。
34. E。设空处和上文之间是转折关系。E项中的her findings和下文中的the same conclusion是相同的发现。
35. G。该段缺尾句，设空处是对全文的总结。G项是对天文学家Cecilia Payne的评价。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是记叙文。Dirk Smutzler是一名初中科学老师，他热爱教育工作，努力让科学课变得有趣。
36. B。由下文中Smutzler指导学生解剖青蛙和在课堂上做实验的描述可知，Smutzler尽可能让学生参与课堂“活动（activities）”。
37. C。由上文中的As far as labs go, we'll look in depth at pond water以及下文中的Smutzler makes the subject ... through an experiment about taste可知，Smutzler努力让科学课变得有趣，故此处应该是Smutzler在实验室里“指导（guide）”学生解剖青蛙。
38. A。由上文中的Dirk Smutzler looks for ways to make science interesting and relevant in his classroom可知，当所学单元是关于遗传学时，Smutzler会通过一个有关味觉的实验使得所学与主题“更加相关（more relevant）”。
39. D。下文中的a gene controls their ability to taste a chemical是提示，本空应该选chemical。
40. C。由上文中的through an experiment about taste. Some students can taste ...可知，那些能“尝出（taste）”某种化学物质的学生认为味道太糟糕了。
41. A。由上文中的Some students can taste ... while others can't可知，有的学生能尝出某种化学物质，而有的学生尝不出，他们不敢“相信（believe）”一个基因控制了他们品尝出那种化学物质的能力。
42. C。由下文中的I've always enjoyed interacting with kids可知，此处是问Smutzler从事教师职业的“原因（reason）”。
43. A。44. B。由文中的Although I'd never thought about it before, that ... my interest in teaching可知，Smutzler说有很多家长走过来告诉他，他应该当“老师（teacher）”，那“激发了（excited）”他对教学的兴趣。
45. B。由下文中的We're looking at ways ...和As we review this curriculum可知，Smutzler “忙于（occupied with）”地区的科学课程的审查。
46. D。由上文中的science curriculum以及下文中的more technology in the labs可知，他们正在寻找改进“科学（science）”教育的方法。
47. A。由上文中的improve ... education和involve more collaboration可知，Smutzler和其他教师在审查科学课程时，将在实验室中“加入（include）”更多的技术。
48. C。49. A。由下文中的It's supplemental to the classroom和The club exposes students to ... not available in the daily classroom可知，科学俱乐部对于学生来说是参加课外活动的“机会（opportunity）”，并且任何学生都可以“参加（available）”。
50. D。由下文中让八年级的学生去实地考察，寻找化石的事实可知，科学俱乐部能让学生接触日常课堂上没有的“项目（projects）”。
51. B。八年级的学生进行了一次实地考察，他们“获准（permitted）”在私人土地上寻找化石。
52. D。53. C。由上文中的observe him in the classroom可知，校长Perry Braunagel有机会“见证（witness）”Smutzler如何把课堂管理得井然有序，见证他如何“激发（challenged）”学生获得成功。
54. B。由上文中的Dirk Smutzler looks for ways to make science interesting and relevant in his classroom可知，Smutzler努力为学生创造“有趣的（interesting）”学习机会。
55. D。校长Braunagel还形容Smutzler是一位能够通过在职讲习班和课堂充分“利用（taken advantage of）”自己的职业发展机会的教育家。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范
本文是说明文。科学家通过试纸检测社区污水中是否含有新冠病毒来确定社区内是否有病毒携带者，以期能及时采取措施，保护公众健康。
56. measures。考查名词复数。结合句意可知，measure在此处用作可数名词，意为“措施”，且其前没有冠词，应用其复数形式，故填measures。
57. hugely。考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，修饰helpful，故填hugely。
58. which。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 the disease，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
59. itself。考查反身代词。设空处在句中作宾语，且该句的主语和宾语都指代the disease，宾语应用反身代词，故填itself。
60. to be。考查固定用法。promise to be ...意为“预计会……”，故填to be。
61. presence。考查名词。根据空前的the可知，设空处应用名词形式，故填presence。
62. a。考查冠词。根据设空后的advantages并结合句意可知，设空处填a，a number of是固定用法，意为“一些”。
63. to。考查介词。the threat to ...意为“对……的威胁”，故填to。
64. be taken。考查被动语态。take和steps之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；又因为设空前有情态动词can，故填be taken。
65. giving。考查动词-ing形式作结果状语。设空处在句中作结果状语，且是自然而然的结果，故填giving。