2023届高三英语二轮复习 并列句和状语从句课件-（32张）

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并列句和状语从句
一、并列句
1.表示并列、递进或顺承关系:and、both...and、neither...nor、not only...but also...(2020·新高考Ⅰ)As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. 正如作者所解释的,这既不是旅行书,也不是历史书,甚至不是报告文学。(2021·天津第一次)Both adults ① 　　　　youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper. (我们)需要成年人和13岁以上的青少年来投递我们的报纸。
and
一、并列句的四种类型
2.表示转折、对比关系:but、yet、whileI had an amazing time here. But it is time for me to move on. 我在这里过得很愉快。但现在是我继续前进的时候了。The problem was a little hard,yet I was able to work it out. 这道题有点难,不过我能把它做出来。The winter in Beijing is very cold ②　　　　 that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷,然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。 (2021·全国乙)To many people, saving lives is part of the job ③　　　　styling hair is an extra and should be rewarded.对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但整理发型是额外的工作,应该得到奖励。
while　
but
but不与although/though连用,但yet、still可与although/though连用。
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3.表示选择关系:or、or else、either... or...、not... but... Now you can either have a rest or go to the cinema. 现在你可以休息一下,也可以去看电影。4.表示因果关系:so、for(意为“由于”,一般不放在句首)He found it increasingly difficult to read,④　　　　 his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。
for
1.when常用于以下句式(1)sb be about to do/on the point of doing sth when... 某人正要做某事,突然……(2)sb be doing sth when.... 某人正在做某事,突然……(3)sb had (just) done sth when... 某人刚做完某事,突然……(2021·浙江)My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags ①　　　　　　　.我母亲正在把她(买)的杂货放进购物袋,这时一个陌生人向她走来。 She ②　　　　　　　 her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业,她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
when a stranger came up to her
had (just) finished
二、并列句的两大句式
2.and与or/otherwise用于并列句(1)祈使句+and+陈述句(and表示顺承关系)(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)Find ways to praise your children often,③　　　　 you'll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子们,这样你就会发现他们将会向你敞开心扉。 Hurry up,④　　　　 you will be late for class.快点儿,否则你们上课就迟到了。
and　
or/otherwise
二、状语从句
1.when、while和as的用法
连词 含义及用法
when “当……时候”,可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用;从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while “当……时候”,一般只可与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时发生
as “一边……一边……”,常与延续性动词连用,从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
一、时间状语从句
(2021·天津)When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language.当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候,我发现自己在描述一种与语言打交道的迫切需求。When you apply for a job,you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时,你必须出示你的有关证书。(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Marie, if no one takes care of your children ①while　　　　 you're away, Jennifer and I will be glad to have them stay with us.玛丽,如果你不在的时候没有人照顾你的孩子,我和珍妮弗会很高兴让他们和我们住在一起。 ②　As　　　 he grew older,he became less active. 随着他逐渐长大,他变得不那么活泼了。
如果主句谓语表示的是短暂性动作,而从句谓语用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,这时when、while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时,碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。
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2.before与since的用法(1)before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没来得及……就……”,常用于以下句型:●It will be+一段时间+before... 多久之后才……●It won't be long before... 不久之后就……●It was+一段时间+before... 过了多久才……(2020·浙江)The bear stopped attacking us and ran to the bread. But it wasn't long before he ate up all the bread and came back again.熊停止攻击我们,跑向面包。但没过多久,他就把所有的面包都吃光了,又回来了。
One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. 一个(现象)就是这些本能出现在孩子非常小的时候,这个时候大部分家长还没有开始训练他们孩子的社会行为。
(2)since的用法●since表示“自从……”,其引导的从句在句中作状语时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,从句常用一般过去时。In the more than five years ③　　　　 Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of praises. 自从汉娜开始她的活动的五年多的时间里,她得到了许多赞扬。
since
●since表示“自从……以来”,常用于“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”句型。该句型表示“自从……已经多长时间了”,从句的时态常用一般过去时,主句的时态常用现在完成时。As is reported,it has been over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道,清华大学已经建立100多年了。
3.till、until和not...until...的用法(1)until/till“直到……为止”,表示某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词且为肯定形式。We will explore every solution ④　　　　 we find an answer. 我们要探寻一切解决方案,直到找到答案为止。 (2)not...until...“直到……才”,表示某动作从某时间点开始发生,主句谓语动词是短暂性动词。As far as I know,his mother won't go to bed until he returns home every night.据我所知,每天晚上他母亲直到他回家才会去睡觉。
till/until
4.表示“一……就……;刚……就……”的常用表达(1)表示“一……就……”的表达:as soon as、immediately、directly、the moment、the minute、the instant等。The moment I heard the voice,I knew my father was coming. 我一听到那声音就知道是我父亲来了。(2)表示“刚……就……”的表达:no sooner... than...、hardly/scarcely... when...等。注意:上述结构中主句谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,句子应用倒装。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. =No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲,学生们就开始欢呼了。
1.条件状语从句的常见引导词:if、unless(=if... not)、so/as long as (只要)、on condition that (条件是)、if only、provided that (如果)、in case (万一;如果)、suppose/supposing that (假设;如果)、assuming that(假定;假设)等。If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details 如果方便的话,下星期二我可以去你的办公室告知你更多的细节吗 We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday ①　　　　 it rains or it's very cold. 除非下雨或天很冷,否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。 My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy. 我的父母不在意我从事什么工作,只要我高兴就好。
unless
二、条件状语从句
2.条件状语从句的时态:在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的含义;用现在完成时表示即将完成的情况;用一般过去时表示过去将来的含义。(2021·山东第一次)At the end of each seven-week session, your language skills are evaluated. And ②　　　　you've made enough progress, you're promoted to the next level.在每七周的课程结束时,你的语言技能会被评估。如果你取得了足够的进步,你就会晋升到下一个级别。
if
1.although、though、while常引导让步状语从句Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important,it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 尽管有规律的锻炼很重要,但睡前锻炼绝不是个好主意。①　　　　 online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是它的影响并不都是积极的。 2.as引导的让步状语从句须用部分倒装,此时as可与though互换。Hot as/though the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 尽管夜晚的空气很热,长途跋涉之后的我们还是因为疲惫而睡得很熟。
While/Though/Although　
三、让步状语从句
3.“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论……”,可与“no matter+疑问词”结构互换。(2020·新高考Ⅰ)Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.无论它是什么,其结果都是对最纯粹的中亚传统的一种精细而生动的描述。②　　　　　　　　 hard you try,it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力,如果不减少饭量,减肥很难。 4.“whether... or...” 引导的让步状语从句,意为“不论……还是……”,表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。We'll go on with the work,whether we can find the necessary tools or not. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们都会继续把这项工作做下去。
However/No matter how
地点状语从句表示地点、方位,通常由where、wherever引导。I cannot hear what the professor says clearly as there is too much noise 　　　　I am sitting. 因为我坐的地方噪音太大,所以我听不清教授在说什么。
判断where引导的是定语从句还是状语从句,最简单的方法是看where引导的从句是否有指代的先行词。
The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. (状语从句,其中remain为不及物动词)
→The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother. (定语从句,先行词为place)
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where
四、地点状语从句
原因状语从句可由because、as、since、now that、in that等词引导。1.because意为“因为”,表示直接原因,语气较强,能回答由why提出的问句。(2021·新高考Ⅰ)When listening to them, pay attention to words that sound strange, strange ①________ you pronounce the same words differently.在听的时候,注意听上去奇怪的单词,因为你发音不同。 2.as意为“由于”,常表示显而易见的原因,语气较轻;since(既然)、now that(既然;由于)和in that(因为)表示双方都知道的原因,语气较弱。as、since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。Now that you have got a job,you should learn to be independent.既然你已经找到了一份工作,你就应该学会独立。(2021·天津)②　　　　　　　　 I have finished my high school studies, my parents and I are going to travel to Beijing. 由于我已经完成了高中学业,我和我的父母打算去北京旅游。
because
Now that
五、原因状语从句
1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so... that...、such...that...,注意其结构形式:(1)so+形容词/副词+that从句(2)so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句(3)so+many/much/few/little(“多多少少”只用so)+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句(4)such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句(5)such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句He is such a learned person that we admire him very much. =He is so learned a person that we admire him very much. 他是一个如此有学问的人,以至于我们都非常欣赏他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to park. 天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园玩。He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.他挣钱太少,以至于养不起家。
六、结果状语从句
2.当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简化为so/such...as to...。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.=He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是一个如此聪明的学生,以至于他能够解决所有难题。
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that、in order that、for fear that、in case (that)、lest(以免;唯恐)等。1.in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句都意为“以便……;为了……”,它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。When he goes out,he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜,以便没人能认出他。
七、目的状语从句
2.for fear that、in case (that)和lest引导的目的状语从句引导目的状语从句时,for fear that表示“害怕/担心某事会发生”,in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。We put the dangerous box out of the children's reach for fear that they might touch it.我们把那个危险的盒子放到孩子们够不着的地方,怕他们碰它。(2021·天津)It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. 选择一个备选目的地是一个好主意,以防你首选的旅游景点没有了。
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as if和as though等。(2020·全国Ⅱ)I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !我总是用不同的声音阅读,好像我在用我的声音表演故事,他们都很喜欢!They treat her as though she were their daughter.他们待她如亲生女儿一样。Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain.看那些云!看起来好像要下雨了。
八、方式状语从句
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时,从句通常用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时,用一般过去时;与过去的情况相反时,用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
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单句填空
1.(2021·全国甲)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 　　　　did the job.
2.(2021·全国乙) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 　　　　the late 1980s.
3.(2021·浙江1月)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 　　　　that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. 4.(2021·浙江)Although Mary loved flowers, 　　　　she nor her husband was known as a gardener.
5.(2021·天津第一次)We all need to get involved in saving energy 　　　　it's at work, at home, or at school.
but
until
and
neither
whether
6.(2020·全国Ⅲ)　　　　 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
7.(2020·新高考Ⅰ)They kept their collection at home until it got too big 　　　　until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
8.(2020·全国Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove, I waited patiently
　　　　the oil was hot.
9.(2020·全国Ⅱ)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, 　　　　I have long been out of practice.
10.(2020·江苏)They decide to have more workers for the project so 　　　　it won't be delayed.
When/As
or
until/till
but/yet
that
Thank you for listening!