2023届高考英语语法定语从句课件(20张ppt)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高考英语语法定语从句课件(20张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-25 13:42:51 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共19张PPT)
定语从句
Tip 1 who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
一、 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语,whom在从句中只作宾语,两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。(2020·全国Ⅰ)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. 不要跟随让你感觉不够好的人。I've become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与几个在去年英语演讲比赛中结识的学生成了好朋友。
(2021·全国甲)Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children ① are “really, really smart”.更糟糕的是,研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右,她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动。
2.whose表示所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which,指人时相当于of whom。I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class ② creativity would infect other students.我在班上有一位意想不到的助教,他的创造力会感染其他学生。
who/that
whose
Tip 2 that、which引导的定语从句
1.which指物,常在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。Last month, an English festival was held in our school, and our class performed a song which/that you taught us at the festival.上个月,我们学校举办了一场英语节,我们班表演了你在节日上教我们的一首歌。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
2.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况:(1)先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little、few、the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something ① was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place ② they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
that
that
(3)先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。They will never forget the things and persons ③ they've seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中所见到或听说过的人和事。
that
3.关系代词只用which而不用that的情况:(1)关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, ④ plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. 布拉德福德将这栋楼和土地出售给当地的一家开发公司,该公司计划在剧院所在地建一个购物中心。
which
(2)关系代词前有介词时。We live in an age in which information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得信息的时代。
which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句整句话的内容时只能位于主句之后。
He kept lying to me,which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎,这使我很恼火。
特
别
提
醒
Tip3 as引导的定语从句
1.as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“such/the same+先行词+as...”结构中。Such machines ① are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的类似的插入语有as the saying goes、as is said above、as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as is reported in the newspaper等。(2020·全国Ⅲ)The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.众所周知,巴瑶人在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。“You can't judge a book by its cover,”② the old saying goes. 俗话说:“人不可貌相。”
as
as
二 、关系副词引导的定语从句
Tip 1 where引导的定语从句
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+which”。(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的东西,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个地方,让你可以坐下来使你酸痛的双腿得以歇息。
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point、activity、atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。
You reach a point where medicine can't help. 你到了药物无法治疗的地步。
特
别
提
醒
Tip 2 when引导的定语从句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园野餐的时间推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。
when
Tip 3 why引导的定语从句
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+which”。Do you know the reason he didn't attend the meeting 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗
在非限制性定语从句中,用for which表示原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把我没有去开会的理由告诉了他们。
特
别
提
醒
why/for which
三 、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
Tip 1 介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:(1)先行词的意义;(2)从句中的动词或形容词的固定搭配;(3)句子的意思。
(2021·浙江1月)Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal
① they wish to communicate.黑猩猩会检查自己是否得到了想要与之交流的动物的关注。 I wish to thank Professor Smith,② help I would never have gone this far. 我希望能够感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我不可能走这么远。 Recently I bought an ancient vase,whose price(=the price of which) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。
with which
without whose
Tip 2 “of+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding, are his family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是他的家庭成员。
most of whom
提升练习
1.(2021·浙江1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 2.(2021·天津第一次)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from we can learn without repeating them. 3.(2021·天津第一次)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 4.(2021·北京)When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories. 5.(2021·天津)In the spring, a season we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
that/which
which
where
that
when
6.(2021·全国乙)However, that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus, ________ accommodated around 250,000 people. 7.(2021·全国甲) a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world”. 8.(2020·全国Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 9.(2020·全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. 10.(2020·新高考Ⅰ)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.
which
As
where
whose
which/that
Thank you for lsitening
定语从句
Tip 1 who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
一、 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语,whom在从句中只作宾语,两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。(2020·全国Ⅰ)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. 不要跟随让你感觉不够好的人。I've become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与几个在去年英语演讲比赛中结识的学生成了好朋友。
(2021·全国甲)Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children ① are “really, really smart”.更糟糕的是,研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右,她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动。
2.whose表示所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which,指人时相当于of whom。I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class ② creativity would infect other students.我在班上有一位意想不到的助教,他的创造力会感染其他学生。
who/that
whose
Tip 2 that、which引导的定语从句
1.which指物,常在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。Last month, an English festival was held in our school, and our class performed a song which/that you taught us at the festival.上个月,我们学校举办了一场英语节,我们班表演了你在节日上教我们的一首歌。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
2.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况:(1)先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little、few、the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something ① was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place ② they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
that
that
(3)先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。They will never forget the things and persons ③ they've seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中所见到或听说过的人和事。
that
3.关系代词只用which而不用that的情况:(1)关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, ④ plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. 布拉德福德将这栋楼和土地出售给当地的一家开发公司,该公司计划在剧院所在地建一个购物中心。
which
(2)关系代词前有介词时。We live in an age in which information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得信息的时代。
which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句整句话的内容时只能位于主句之后。
He kept lying to me,which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎,这使我很恼火。
特
别
提
醒
Tip3 as引导的定语从句
1.as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“such/the same+先行词+as...”结构中。Such machines ① are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的类似的插入语有as the saying goes、as is said above、as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as is reported in the newspaper等。(2020·全国Ⅲ)The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.众所周知,巴瑶人在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。“You can't judge a book by its cover,”② the old saying goes. 俗话说:“人不可貌相。”
as
as
二 、关系副词引导的定语从句
Tip 1 where引导的定语从句
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+which”。(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的东西,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个地方,让你可以坐下来使你酸痛的双腿得以歇息。
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point、activity、atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。
You reach a point where medicine can't help. 你到了药物无法治疗的地步。
特
别
提
醒
Tip 2 when引导的定语从句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. 我们将把在公园野餐的时间推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。
when
Tip 3 why引导的定语从句
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+which”。Do you know the reason he didn't attend the meeting 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗
在非限制性定语从句中,用for which表示原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason,for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把我没有去开会的理由告诉了他们。
特
别
提
醒
why/for which
三 、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
Tip 1 介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:(1)先行词的意义;(2)从句中的动词或形容词的固定搭配;(3)句子的意思。
(2021·浙江1月)Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal
① they wish to communicate.黑猩猩会检查自己是否得到了想要与之交流的动物的关注。 I wish to thank Professor Smith,② help I would never have gone this far. 我希望能够感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我不可能走这么远。 Recently I bought an ancient vase,whose price(=the price of which) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。
with which
without whose
Tip 2 “of+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding, are his family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是他的家庭成员。
most of whom
提升练习
1.(2021·浙江1月)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 2.(2021·天津第一次)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from we can learn without repeating them. 3.(2021·天津第一次)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 4.(2021·北京)When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories. 5.(2021·天津)In the spring, a season we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
that/which
which
where
that
when
6.(2021·全国乙)However, that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus, ________ accommodated around 250,000 people. 7.(2021·全国甲) a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world”. 8.(2020·全国Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 9.(2020·全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. 10.(2020·新高考Ⅰ)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.
which
As
where
whose
which/that
Thank you for lsitening