人教版(2019)必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters重点单词短语讲练课件(42张ppt)

(共42张PPT)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
重点单词短语讲练
1.surround vt.围绕;包围
◆单句填空
①The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which 　　　　　　　　
(surround) by a high wire fence
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded 　　　 his family.
③Determining where we are in relation to our　　　　　　　　　 (sur-
round) remains an essential skill for our survival
was surrounded
by
surroundings
④Surround 　　　　　　　　　 (you) with uplifting individuals who chal-
lenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the
people who are the complete opposite of that description.
◆句式升级
⑤The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe. (用过去分
词短语作原因状语改写)
→　　　　　　　　　 , the Swiss can feel secure.
yourself
Surrounded by Europe
点拨
(1)surround sb./sth. with sb./sth.使某人/物包围某人/物
surround oneself with sb./sth.喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
be surrounded by...被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
(3)surroundings n.环境
2.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电 vi.向……方向冲去
◆单句填空
①At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three
cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers 　　　　　　
(charge) five or six cents.(2019课标全国Ⅲ)
②The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and 　　　　　　　
(charge) toward me.
③We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of
what it used 　　　　　 (charge).
charged
charges
to charge
④Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, 　　　　　
extra charge may be made for providing special food.
◆完成句子
⑤约翰,你会同意负责这项工作吗
John, will you agree to 　　　　　　　　　 the work (2020全国新高考
Ⅰ)
an
take charge of
◆同义句改写
⑥Police have charged Mr. Bell with murder. (用accuse改写)
→Police 　　　　　　 　　　 murder.
⑦He is in charge of the class.
→The class 　　　　　　　　　 him.(用The class作主语改写)
→He 　　　　　　　　　 the class.(用He作主语改写)
◆句式升级
⑧Mr. Bell,who is in charge of the class, 　　　　 　　　　　 by
police. (用定语从句连接⑥⑦原句)
have accused Mr. Bell of
is in the charge of
takes charge of
has been charged with murder
点拨
(1)charge sb. with (doing) sth.=accuse sb. of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb. money for sth.因某物收某人钱
(2)free of charge免费
in the charge of被……掌管;由……负责
in charge of掌管(强调状态)
take charge of掌管(强调动作)
易错
(1)in charge of sth.意为“(某人)负责,掌管”,表示主动;in the charge of sb./in
sb.'s charge意为“(某事)由某人负责/掌管”,表示被动。
(2)类似短语有:in possession of意为“占有”,表示主动;in the possession of意
为“被……占有”,表示被动。in control of意为“管理,控制”,表示主动;in
the control of意为“由……管理/控制”,表示被动。
3.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
◆单句填空
①Encourage readers to use the library. Share library 　　　　　　　　　
(announcement)on your social media.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)
②He said the lucky woman will be 　　　　　　　 (announce)on the website
and the trip will be shared online.
③As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach
　　　　　　 (announce), “The highest honor goes to Cathy
announcements
announced
announcing
④The government yesterday announced 　　　 the media plans to create a
million new jobs.
◆同义句改写
⑤People announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced. (用it作形
式主语)
→　　 　　　　　　　 new speed restrictions would be introduced.
to
It was announced that
点拨
(1)It is/was announced that...据称……;据宣布……
announce to sb. sth./that...向某人宣布……
(2)announcement n.公告;宣布
make an announcement下通知;宣布
易错
announce后不跟双宾语,即不能说announce sb. sth.,可以说announce to sb.
sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有explain、say、report、describe、suggest、
mention、express等。
易混
(1)announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众,尤其是新闻之类的消
息。
(2)declare多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等,常用于
宣战、议和或宣判。
4.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
◆赏句猜义
①If a child approaches him,he will pause to give that child his undivided atten-
tion.(2019天津)　　　　
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
　　　　
③We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and de-
veloping a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers
from getting through.(2019北京)　　　　
接近
接洽
方法
④However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline ap-
proaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.(2018北京)　　　　
⑤As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.(2018北京)
　　　　
⑥A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two
ideas stand out.　　　　
接近
接近
方法
◆单句填空
⑦I couldn't see Don, but as I　　　　　　　　　 (approach) the tractor he
jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.
⑧In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of
welcoming new 　　　　　　　　　 (approach).
⑨China's approach 　　　 protecting its environment while feeding its citizens
“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says
the bank's Juergen Voegele.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
approached
approaches
to
◆完成句子
⑩所以我慢慢地接近不速之客,隔着栅栏,朝它脸上喷了一口。(approach)
So I 　　　　　　 　　　 and, through the fence, sprayed
him in the face.(2020浙江)
approached our uninvited guest slowly
点拨
(1)the approach of sth.某事的来临
make an approach to要求;建议
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
(2)approach sb. about/for sth.就某事与某人接洽
approach sb./sth.接近某人/某物
联想
just around/round the corner(时间上)临近地,马上,快要;(距离上)紧邻地,很近
地
5.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
◆单句填空
①We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow
　　　 crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.(20
20天津)
②Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a 　　　　　 (crowd) mountain
with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace (2019课标全国Ⅰ)
the
crowded
③Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded 　　　
small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)
④The city 　　　　　　　 (crowd) with disappointed people with no in-
terest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in
Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
⑤It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
　　　　 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
(2017课标全国Ⅱ)
with
was crowded
crowds
◆完成句子
⑥穿过一群人后,我终于找到了地铁的一个出口。
After 　　　　　　 　　　 , I finally found a
exit of the subway.
making my way through a crowd of/crowds of people
点拨
(1)a crowd of=crowds of一大群;一群人
the crowd人群
(2)crowd in/into(想法、问题等)涌上心头;涌入脑海
crowd around/round (sb./sth.)聚集在某人/物周围;聚拢
(3)crowded adj.拥挤的
be crowded with充满,挤满
易错
crowd是集合名词,作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调个体,
谓语动词用复数。类似的词还有family、class、team、government、compa-
ny、group等。
1.break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
◆介、副词填空
①Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help
break　　　　 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
②Breaking 　　　 firms like Google into five small ones would not stop
remaking themselves:in time,one of them would become great again.
down
up
③Her friends came to help her when the war broke　　　 .(2017浙江)
④I didn't know where to go and how to find courage to break 　　　　　　
the barriers that were holding me back.
⑤There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break 　　　 the house.
◆完成句子
⑥他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。
He 　　　　 　　　　　 last year, since then I have seen him no more.
out
through
into
broke away from our company
点拨
break down打倒;分解;出故障
break in强行进入;插嘴,打断
break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生,爆发
break through冲突;突破;克服;战胜
break up拆开;结束
2.belong to 属于
◆单句填空
①And I have never known an average man who had both. The two 　　　　
(belong) together.
②First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they be-
long 　　　 a particular group.
③Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly
greater sense of 　　　　　　 (belong), a bond with others.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
belong
to
belonging
④Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we of-
ten assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their 　　　　　　
(belong) (2018课标全国Ⅲ)
belongings
◆一句多译
老虎是一种大而凶猛的动物,属于猫科。
→⑤A tiger is a large fierce animal 　　　　　　　　　 the cat family. (现
在分词短语作定语)
→⑥A tiger is a large fierce animal 　　　　　　　　　 the cat family. (定
语从句)
belonging to
which/that belongs to
点拨
(1)belong vi.应在(某处);适应
(2)belonging n.归属感
a sense of belonging归属感
(3)belongings n.财产;所有物
易错
belong to无被动语态,无进行时,后接名词或代词宾格。
联想
类似belong to,不能用于进行时态和被动语态的短语还有:date back to/date
from(追溯到), consist of(包括), take place(发生)等。
3.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
◆单句填空
①Amy, as well as her brothers, 　　　　　　　　　 (give) a warm wel-
come when returning to the village last week.
②These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our
chick to start calling　　　 well.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)
③—What does Mr. Li do
—He works on newspapers as well as 　　　　　 (teach) us English.
was given
as
teaches
◆同义句改写
④The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase their pay.
→　　　　　　　 　　 , but they also want to
reduce working hours.(用not only...but also...和倒装结构改写)
Not only do the workers want to increase their pay
点拨
(1)as well as用作连词,连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词等,通常不位于
句首。
(2)当主语含有as well as时,谓语动词要和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一
致。类似用法的还有together with、along with、with、besides、but、ex-
cept、including、rather than等。
(3)as well as作介词,相当于besides、in addition to,意为“除……之外(还有…
…)”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。
(4)as well意为“也;又;而且”,相当于too、also。may/might as well表示委婉
的建议,一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议,意为“不妨……,还是……
吧”。
1.if any省略句
教材原句
So what is the difference between them, if any
◆同义句改写
①And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe th-
ere is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.(2020北京)
→And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe
there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, 　　 　　　 .
(改成完整句)
if there is ever
②Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If so, you may be
surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
→Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library 　　　　　　 ,
you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. (改成完
整句)
③If it is possible, you should try it once more.
→　　　　　　　　　 , you should try it once more. (改成省略句)
If it is so
If possible
④Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, 　　　 . (改成省略句)
◆完成句子
⑤如果你方便的话,我们8:30在校门口外面见面。如果不方便,让我知道什么
时间最适合你。
If it‘s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. 　　　　
　　　　 .
if any
If not, let
me know what time suits you best
点拨
该句中,if any相当于if there is any difference。当状语从句的主语是it/there be
句型时,从句的主语和谓语部分的be或there be可以省略。
联想
if构成的其他省略形式:
if so如果这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if not如果不是的话
if necessary如果必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
2.as引导状语从句
教材原句
The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that
has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
◆单句填空
①When in Rome, do 　　 the Romans do.
②　　　 is known to us all/we all know,the earth goes around the sun.
as
As
◆同义句改写
③As/Though he is young, he has travelled to many countries.
→　　　　　　　　　 , he has travelled to many countries.(改为倒装句)
④Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—includ-
ing other environmental influences or genetic factors
→Of course, our brains can decline 　　　　　　　　　 for lots of reasons
—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.(with复合结构)
Young as/though he is
with us growing older
◆完成句子
⑤计划是好的,因为它详细地决定了我们如何做我们想做的事。(2016浙江)
Planning is good 　　　　　　 　　　 .
as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do
点拨
(1)as表示“因为;由于”时,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为
附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因。
(2)as表示“虽然;尽管”时,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装语序,即把从
句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词放在as前面,可以用though替代。
(3)as表示“按照;依照;像”时,引导方式状语从句,通常置于主句之后。
(4)as表示“像……一样”时,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态
加以比较,从句常省略与主句相同的部分。