(共31张PPT)
英语音标
学习目标
1.了解基础语音知识
2.学习英语48个国际音标
目录
一、语音知识
二、国际音标
三、练习
一、语音知识
1.音素
音素,是英语语音最小单位,比音素大的语音单位是音节,音节由音素构成,单词是比音节更大的表意语音单位,单词由音节构成。音素分为元音与辅音两大类。英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个辅音28个。英语辅音和元音在语言中的作用,就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。
2.音标
音标就是记录音素的符号,是音素的标写符号。
one /w n/ two /tu / three /θri /
3.音节
概念:一个音节是含有一个响亮音素的声音片段,任何一个单词可分解成一个个音节来朗读。
构成:
1.一个元音音素 比如 A[e ]
2.一个元音音素和一个或几个辅音音素结合
比如me[mi:],desk[desk]
4.元音和元音字母
元音:在发音的时候声带就要出现震动,呼出来的气体不会受到口腔内的阻碍,因此元音在发音的时候比较响亮,在音节的构成中属于主要的音节。
元音字母在26个英语字母中,元音字母包含了Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu这5个,实际在使用的时候就要注意。元音字母在发音的时候需要气流带动口腔来展现。
5.辅音和辅音字母
辅音:不管声带是不是震动,在口腔或者鼻腔发音的时候都会形成一定的阻碍,所以辅音的发音不够响亮,辅音并不是构成的主要音节。
辅音字母:在26个英语字母中,除了元音字母中的A、E、I、O、U之外,剩下的都属于辅音,其中y是属于半元音、半辅音,不过在英语中会将Y作为辅音来对待。因此辅音所包含到的就有b、c、d、f、g、h、j、k、l、m、n、p、q、r、s、t、v、w、x、y、z。
二、国际音标
元 音 12个 单元音 长元 音 [a:] [ :] [i:] [ :] [u:] 短元 音 [Λ] [ ] [i] [ ] [u] [ ] [e] 8个双元音 [ai] [ei] [ i] [i ] [e ] [u ] [au] [ u] 辅 音 10对 清辅 音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [θ] [ts]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [3] [d3] [dr] [ ] [dz]
3个鼻音 [m] [n] [η]
3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]
2个半元音 [w] [j]
元 音 12个 单元音 长元 音 [a:] [ :] [i:] [ :] [u:] 短元 音 [Λ] [ ] [i] [ ] [u] [ ] [e]
8个双元音 [ai] [ei] [ i] [i ] [e ] [u ] [au] [ u]
1.元音
/i:/
me [ mi:]
see [ si:]
sea [ si: ]
heat [ hi:t ]
/i/
sit [sit]
clip [klip]
six [siks]
chips [t ips]
/e/
leg [leɡ]
tell [tel]
desk [desk]
bed [bed]
/ /
fact [f kt]
man [m n]
fat [f t]
cat [k t]
/ :/
her [h :] bird [ b :d ]
work [ w :k ] shirt [ :t ]
/ /
ago [ 'ɡ u ]
panda [ 'p nd ]
brother [ 'br ]
sister [ 'sist ]
/ /
fun [ f n ] bus [ b s ]
must [ m st ] cut [ k t ]
/ɑ:/
art [ ɑ:t ] hard [ hɑ:d ]
star [ stɑ: ] card [ kɑ:d ]
/ :/
do [ d : ] law [ l : ]
call [ k :l ] more [ m : ]
/ /
hot [ h t ]
stop [ st p ]
not [ n t ]
box [ b ks ]
/U:/
shoe [ u: ]
food [ fu:d ]
cool [ ku:l ]
room [ ru:m ]
/u/
put [put]
book [ buk ]
good [ ɡud ]
look [ luk ]
/e /
make [ meik ] date [ deit ]
data [ 'deit ] cake [ keik ]
/a /
fly [ flai ]
cry [ krai ]
my [mai]
buy [ bai ]
/ /
boy [ b i ]
toy [ t i ]
oil [ il ]
noise [ n iz ]
/au/
out [ aut ] now [ nau ]
how [ hau ] house [ haus ]
/ /
cold [ k uld ]
boat [ b ut ] know [ n u ]
old [ uld ]
/ /
ear [ i ] near [ ni ]
clear [ kli ] here [ hi ]
/e /
air [e ] hair [ h e ]
share [ e ]
/u /
tour [ tu ] poor [ pu ]
sure [ u ]
辅 音 10对 清辅 音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [θ] [ts]
浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [3] [d3] [dr] [ ] [dz]
3个鼻音 [m] [n] [η]
3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]
2个半元音 [w] [j]
2.辅音
[p] pen /pen/ picture/ p kt (r)/ jeep /d i p/ [b] bike/ba k/ bus/b s/ book/b k/
[t] ten/ten/ itself/ t self/ cheat /t i t/
[d] desk/desk/ down/da n/ bird/b d/
[k] cake/ke k/ Kate/ke t/ thank/θ k/
[ g ] good/ɡ d/ girl/ɡ l/ egg/eɡ/
[f] fine /fa n/ five/fa v/ knife/na f/
[v] very/ veri/ seven/ sev( )n/ love/l v/
[s] sit /s t/ see /si / yes/jes/
[z] is/ z/ his/h z/ these/ i z/
[θ] thin/θ n/ think/θ k/ faith/fe θ/
[ ]this / s/ these/ i z/ father/ fɑ (r)/
[ ] cash [ k ] share [ ε ] she [ i: ]
[ ]usual [ 'ju: u l] leisure ['le ] pleasure [ 'ple ]
[tr]
tree [tri:] try [trai]
true [tru:] truth [tru:θ]
[dr]
dry [ drai ] draw [ dr : ]
dress [ dres ] driver [ draiv ]
[t ]
cheap [ t i:p ] search [ s :t ]
chair [ t e ]
[d ]
job [ d b ] orange [ ' rind ]
just [ d st ]
/ts/
seats/si:ts/
its/ ts/
cats/k ts/
/dz/
beds/bedz/
goods/ɡ dz/
hands/h ndz/
/m/
my/ma /
map/m p/
am / m; m/
game/ɡe m/
/n/
nine /na n/
new/nju /
ten/ten/
son/s n/
/ /
morning/ m n /
wrong/r /
think/θ k/
thank/θ k/
/h/ he/hi ; hi/ hat /h t/ here/h (r)/
/r/ red/red/ right/ra t/ brown/bra n/
/l/ look/l k/ hello/h l / floor/fl (r)/
/j/ yes/jes/ you/ju ; j / yellow/ jel /
/w/ we/wi ; wi/ woman/ w m n/ where/we (r)/
练习1:选出下列单词画线部分的发音
1.field A.[ ] B.[i:] C.[ ] D.[e]
2.fork A.[a:] B.[ ] C.[ ] D.[u:]
3.sweater A.[ ] B.[i:] C.[e ] D.[e]
4.straight A.[a ] B.[e ] C.[ ] D.[ ]
5.touch A.[ ] B.[u] C.[au] D.[ ]
三、练习巩固
练习2:选出单词中划线部分发音与众不同的一项
1.A.probably B.apologize C.advise D.anywhere
2.A.swim B.dish C.thin D.crime
3. A.location B.today C.wrote D. global
4.A.high B.gift C.thin D.little
5.A.discuss B.produce C.bucket D.duck
6.A.nest B.smell C.return D.website
7. A.student B.focus C.refuse D.consumer
8. A.nest B.step C.theory D.seatbelt
谢谢观看