2023届高考英语备考之专题复习:特殊句式考点精讲精练 讲义-（含答案）

特殊句式考点精讲精练 讲义
特殊句式具有特定的形式和意义，不同于常规的语法规律和形式，在对其进行掌握和应用方面有独特之处，因此，对特殊句式的考查既是高考命题的一个重点，也是考生得分的一个难点。
高考对特殊句式的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：倒装句、省略句、强调句、虚拟语气以及其他特殊句式。
一、特殊句式的考点
1. 倒装、省略和虚拟
特殊句式的考查中，倒装与省略是最大的考查点。倒装句通过改变正常的句子成分排列顺序增加了理解的难度，主要考点如下。
（1） 表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句：Hardly/Scarcely...when...，No sooner...than...。
（2）only强调状语引起句子倒装。
（3）方位副词或否定副词置于句首引起倒装。
（4）so/such…that...引导结果状语从句引起倒装。
【典例1】 Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized
B. has she realized
C. she has realized
D. did she realize
解析：本题考查only在句首引起的倒装结构。only位于句首引导时间状语从句，主句要用主谓倒装结构。再根据句子使用的过去时态可知，答案应该选D。
【典例2】Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover
B. did I discover
C. I discovered
D. discovered
解析：本题考查only在句首引起的倒装结构。only所修饰的状语为状语从句时， 该状语从句的主谓不倒装，但是主句的谓语要倒装。因此，答案选B。
省略句则因为减少了句子成分而变得难以理解，特别是一些句子中对主语的省略。
【典例3】—The movie starts at 8：30， and we can have a quick bite before we go.
— ________ . See you at 8：10.
A. So long
B. Sounds great
C. Good luck
D. Have a good time
解析：本題考查省略了主语的习惯用语。“Sounds great.”之前省略了主语it， 指代上句中所说的看电影之前吃快餐的主意，在口语中常被省略。因此，答案选B。
如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且是主系表或者谓语是进行时或被动语态时，可以将主语和be动词一起省略。例如：
While walking the dog， you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
Though （they were） tired， they went on working.
You shouldn’t come to his party unless （you were） invited.
也有一些句子既改变句子顺序，也省略句子成分，特别是虚拟语气中if引导的条件状语从句中谓语动词含有were， had 和should这三个词时，可省去if，将这三个词提前引起倒装。请比较典例4和典例5。
【典例4】 I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn’t been wearing one， I________.
A. were injured
B. would be injured
C. had been injured
D. would have been injured
解析：本题考查if引导的虚拟语气。If引导虚拟语气时，从句使用had been wearing表示对过去动作行为的虚拟，主句要用表示对过去虚拟的would have done形式。因此，本题选D。
【典例5】Had the governments and scientists not worked together， AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen
B. would not fall
C. did not fall
D. would not have fallen
解析：本题考查if引导的虚拟语气。从句“Had the governments and scientists not worked together”既使用了省略又使用了倒装，这个句子的原型是“if the governments and scientists had not worked together”， 据此可以看出，从句是对过去动作行为的虚拟，主句也要用对过去虚拟的would have done形式。因此，本题选D。
2.强调句型
强调句型 “it be + 被强调部分+that/who+ 句子的其他成分”是高考试题对特殊句式考查的一个重点，主要考查对强调句型的识别及连接词that和who的选用。强调句式的主要特点是：去掉it be 和that/who这几个单词后，剩下的部分必须构成一个完整的句子，句子成分既不缺少，也不多余。
【典例1】 You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _______ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. that
解析：本题考查强调句型。在这个句子中，去掉it is 和that后，剩下的句子部分可以构成一个完整的句子：The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.因此可以判定，这是一个强调句型，故答案选D。
【典例2】 But like so many other things， it is only too much stress ______ does you harm.
解析：本题考查强调句型，空白处应该填入that。在这个句子中，去掉it is 和that后，剩下的句子部分可以构成一个完整的句子：Only too much stress does you harm.因此可以判定，该句考查强调句型，空白处应该填入that。
和强调句型相似，容易引起误解的其他几个常考句型有：
It is + 时间段 + since...意为“自从……以来有……时间”。
It is + 时间点 + when...意为“当……的时候，时间是……”。
It is + 时间段 + before...意为“还要过……才”。例如：
It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.
It was one o’clock in the morning when he came back.
It won’t be long before they understand each other.
3. 几个特殊的状语从句
状语从句中特殊句式的考查主要集中在比较状语从句和个别特殊引导词上。比较状语从句多集中考查“The more， the better ”“A is to B what C is to D”或“as...as”的特殊句式。特殊引导词多体现在考查常见连词的熟词生义上。例如：用on doing和the moment等詞引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”等；when作“突然，在那时”或“如果”时引导的状语从句；while作“尽管”引导的让步状语从句。
【典例1】Up to a certain point， the more stress you are under， the _____（good） your performance will be.
解析：本题考查“The more， the better”比较状语从句，空白处应该填入 better。这个句型具有典型的以the +形容词比较级开头的特征，根据前半句容易判定，后面也应该填入good的比较级better。
【典例2】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite， rather than _______ us.
A. divide
B. reject
C. control
D. abandons
解析：本题考查比较句式。when引导的时间状语从句中使用了比较结构，rather than意为“而不是”，表示前后的对比，根据前面的unite（团结）选出后面的正确答案divide（分裂）。因此，答案选A。
【典例3】I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______ with students.
A. working
B. work
C. to work
D. Worked
解析：本题考查非谓语动词，但试题的理解取决于对比较结构“as...as”的理解，答案选A。题干意思是“我过去航海所获得的乐趣与现在和学生一起工作所获得的乐趣一样多”。working with students是一个分词结构，相当于时间状语从句“when I am working with students”。
【典例4】虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。（too…to...）（句子翻译）
解析：本题考查“too…to...”特殊句式，意为“太……而不能……”。答案是：Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film， I remember my family were moved to tears.
4. 其他特殊句式
除了以上列举的一些特殊句式外，常考的特殊句式还有：there be句型，祈使句+and+顺承结果，祈使句+or+相反结果，以及其他固定句式。
【典例1】为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？（point）（句子翻译）
解析：本题考查there be句型。答案是：What is the point of/in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？ / Is there any point （in） lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？
【典例2】—I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.
—Sounds great！ ________.
A. It all depends
B. Go for it
C. Never mind
D. No wonder
解析：本題考查固定句式，答案选B。“Go for it！”是一个固定句式，意为“加油！”
二、巩固练习
（一）单句填空
1. It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
2. ________（observe）carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
3. Bach died in 1750， but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
4. Not until yesterday ________ little John change his mind.
5. Don’t be discouraged. ________ （take） things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
6. The climate here is quite pleasant， the temperature rarely，if________， reaching 30 degrees in summer.
7. It was the culture， rather than the language， ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
8. ________ （there be） no modern telecommunications， we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
9. Children，when ________（accompany） by their parents， are allowed to enter the stadium.
10. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic________ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.
11. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise， if ________ （carry out） regularly， can improve our health.
12. ________ when you can find peace in your heart wills you keep good relationships with others.
13. ________ （make） what you’re doing today important， because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
14. It’s not doing the things we like， but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.
15. It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of week’s ________ I found we had a lot in common.
16. When it comes to ________ （speak） in public， no one can match him.
17. No sooner ________ （have） Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
18. was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry？
19. Give me a chance， ________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
20. If he________ （catch） the morning train， he would not have been late for the meeting.
21. Someone has used my bike， but I don’t know ________（who）.
22. While ________（wait）， I was reading some magazines.
23. Though ________（tire）， they went on working.
24. He paused as if ________（expect） her to speak.
25. No sooner had he gone to bed ________ he fell asleep.
26. Only when the war was over in 1918 ________（be） he able to get happily back to work.
27. ________ loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
28. ________ does John love Chinese， he is also good at speaking it.
29. Not until my son had entered the university ________（do） he realize the importance of time.
30. They arrived at a house， in front of which ________（sit） an old man.
31. Then ________（follow） eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
32. ________（call） me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.
33. So loudly did Tom speak ________ everyone could hear him.
34. Clever ________ he is， he does not study well.
35. She does well in English， but is poor in math. ________ it is with Lucy.
36. Hadn’t it been for their help， we ________（finish） the work on time.
37. Hardly had he arrived ________ it began to snow.
38. —Do you think its going to rain over the weekend？
—I believe not./I believe ________.
39. ________ possible， I would like to go there tomorrow.
40. Hearing the dog barking fiercely， away________（flee） the thief.
（二）语篇填空
A
One day， Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen 1 suddenly he found that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son，
“ 2 （go） to the village and buy some salt， but pay a fair price for it； neither too much
3 too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much， Father， but if I can pay less， why 4 save a bit of money？”
“That would be a very reasonable thing to do in a big city， but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.
Nicks guests， when 5 （hear） their conversation， asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply 6 they could. Nick replied， “Only when a man was desperate for money 7 （will）he sell salt at a lower price. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect for the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing 8 it that the village couldn’t possibly be destroyed.”
“In the beginning， there 9 only a very small amount of unfairness in the world， but everyone added a little， always thinking that it was only small and not very important，
10 look where we have ended up today.”
B
Tears went out of my eyes when I talked to my parents on 1 phone. What were they doing when I called them？ I had supper at five in the dining room. There is no need for me to cook and wash the dishes. However， now it is the 2 （busy） time for my parents. Dad works from seven in the morning to nine in the evening. Therefore， all of the housework is
3 （leave） to my mum alone. She also has to work in the vineyard， 4 her own job.
Every day she gets up at 4 o’clock in the morning， and then works till dark. One day I called her at 7：30 in the evening. She told me she was still in the vineyard. Tears ran down
5 my cheeks.
Dear mum， Ill study hard in the university， but I want you to tend 6 （you） and dad.
Mum has ever said 7 the happiest time for Dad and she is when my sister and I come home. We play cards in the room， watch TV or do 8 else we like， with dad and mum 9 （prepare） delicious food in the kitchen. It is also the happiest time for me. I could forget all the difficulties and 10 （unhappy）. The only thing to do is to enjoy the time with my parents.
Love， sometimes， doesn’t need many words. Love your parents like they love you. Give them a call， and tell them you miss them.
C
Everyone has his plans. I 1 have my plans. One of my important plans is to build a school 2 poor children.
As we all know， though our country is developing fast， there are 3 many poor children in mountain villages and some faraway places. Their families are very poor. Some
4 （have） no money to go to school and some have to drop out. They don’t have normal education 5 have a strong wish to learn knowledge like 6 （we）.
How I wish to be able to help them！ I don’t have very much money but I still want to help them. I am determined to study hard and try to learn all the subjects well. 7 so， I will be able to study in a good university and find a good job after 8 （graduate）. When I have earned enough money， I will set up a school for poor children and let them 9 （study） in it for free.
Though the above is just 10 plan， I will do my best. Of course， to realize it， I must study hard now.
答案
（一）单句填空
1. that。本题考查强调句型，强调部分为时间状语，故用that。
2. Observe。本題考查祈使句式，应用动词原形放于句子开头，第一个字母要大写。
3. that。本题考查强调句型，强调部分为时间状语，故用that。
4. did。本题考查倒装句式，not until置于句首引导时间状语，句子要部分倒装。因此，填入did。
5. Take。本题考查祈使句式+and+顺承结果。故填Take。
6. ever。本题考查if引导的省略，表示“如果曾经……”，应用if ever。
7. that。本题考查强调句型，被强调部分为“the culture， rather than the language”，故填that。
8. Were there。本题考查if引导虚拟语气时的倒装和省略。if从句中使用“过去时/were”，时，可以把if省略掉，句子用部分倒装。
9. accompanied。本题考查状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且含有be动词的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。本题在when的后面省略了they are。因为children和动词accompany构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。
10. that。本题考查强调句型，被强调部分为时间状语，故填that。
11. carried out。“If ... regularly”是插入的条件状语从句， 完整形式是“if it is carried out regularly”。当if引导的条件状语从句使用了it作主语时， 可以省略掉it is。
12. Only。本题考查倒装句型，后面主句使用了倒装，前面应该填入能引导倒装的词。因此，填入Only。
13. Make。本题考查祈使句式，本题中的连词because后面引导的是一个原因状语从句，说明前面是主句，这个主句由make+宾语从句构成祈使句，所以要填入make的动词原形。
14. that。本题考察的是强调句型“It is/was...that/who...”。当被强调部分是人的时候，可以使用who或者that，当被强调部分不是人的时候，只能使用that。
15. that。本题考察的是强调句型“It is/was...that/who...”。被强调部分是not until引导的时间状语从句，故本空填that。
16. speaking。本题考察的是固定句式“When it comes to...”意为“当谈及/提及/涉及……”，其中的to是介词，后面接名词或者动名词作宾语，因此，填入speak的动名词形式。
17. had。本题考查固定句式“no sooner… than...”，意为“一……就……”；当否定词放在句首时，主句应使用部分倒装形式。
18. that。本题考查强调句的一般疑问句形式。本题强调的成分是原因状语从句“because Jack came late for school”。因此，应该填入that。
19. and。本题考查的是“祈使句+连词+陈述句”的特殊句式。本句相当于：If you give me a chance， I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 在变成条件句时，如果表示顺承的结果，就使用连词and。
20. had caught。本题考查if引导的虚拟语气，当表示与过去事实相反时，条件句要使用“过去完成式”，因此，本空填入had caught。
21. who。本题考查省略句，know后接的完整的宾语从句是“who （has used my bike）”，括号内的部分承接上句话省略掉，只保留who。
22. waiting。本题考查省略句，while后接的完整的让步状语从句是“while （I was ） waiting”。从句主语和主句主语一致，并且使用过去进行时，在此条件下可以省略I was， 只保留“while waiting”。
23. tired。本题考查省略句，“Though”后接的完整的让步状语从句是“Though （they were ） tired”。从句主语和主句主语一致，并且使用过去进行时，在此条件下可以省略they were， 只保留“Though tired”。
24. expecting。本题考查省略句，as if后接的完整的状语从句是“as if （he was ） expecting her to speak”。从句主语和主句主语一致，并且使用过去进行时，在此条件下可以省略he was， 只保留as if expecting her to speak。
25. than。本题考查固定句式“no sooner… than...”意为“一……就……”。因此，空白处应该填入than。
26. was。本题考查倒装句。only置于句首修饰状语从句时，主句用部分倒装结构，句子时态是一般过去时，因此，空白处要填入was。
27. So。本题考查倒装句。so…that...引导结果状语从句并且置于句首时，so后面的部分用部分倒装结构。根据句子特点可以判定，空白处应该填入so。
28. Not only。本题考查了特殊句式“not only…but also...”意为“不但……而且……”，其中but省略掉了。根据前面使用倒装的形式可以判定，空白处应该填入“Not only”。
29. did。本题考查倒装句式，not until置于句首引导时间状语时，句子用部分倒装结构。故填入did。
30. sat。本句考查倒装句式。表示方向和位置的副词用在句子开头，句子要倒装；前一句话使用了一般过去式，所以此处也应该填入sit的一般过去式。
31. followed。本题考查倒装句式。表示时间的副词now或者then用在句子开头，句子要倒装；根据时间状语then可知，此处应该填入follow的一般过去式。
32. Call。本题考查特殊句式“祈使句+and+顺承结果句”，所以，call需要使用原形，放在句子开头，大写第一个字母。
33. that。本题考查特殊句式“so…that...”，意为“如此……以至于……”。
34. as。本题考查as引导的让步状语从句，句子应倒装。形式为：动词/名词/形容词+as+句子的其他成分，意为“尽管，虽然”。
35. So。在表示某人某种情况也适合另一个人时，肯定句用so+助动词+主语；否定句用neither/nor+助動词+主语；既有肯定又有否定，就如本题时，使用特殊句式：so+it is with +sb。
36. couldn’t have finished。本题考查虚拟语气。前句使用了hadn’t it been for的倒装形式，实际是if it had not been for， 表示对过去的虚拟，由此可知，后面的finish相应地也要使用对过去虚拟的形式couldn’t have finished。
37. when。本题考查特殊句式“hardly…when...”， 意为“一……就……”。
38. so。本题考查承上文省略的一种特殊形式，当使用think，believe，suppose等词表示“认为、相信、猜想”时，可以用so指代上文提到的情况。
39. If。本题考查省略句式。当从句是“if it is +necessary/possible...”时，可以将it is省略掉。
40. fled。本题考查全部倒装结构。表示地点方位的副词away放于句首时，句子要全部倒装。正常的语序是“The thief fled away.”故填入过去式fled。
（
二）语篇填空
A
【文章大意】文章说明了一个道理：如果人人都贪小便宜，不尊重别人辛苦的劳动，就会导致社会的最终灭亡。
1. when。考查特殊句式“be doing…when...”， 意为“正在做……突然……”。
2. Go。考查特殊句式“祈使句+and+顺承结果句”。
3. nor。考查特殊句式“neither…nor...”， 意为“既不……也不……”。
4. not。考查省略句。“Why do not you do...？”常省略成“why not do…？”形式，表示建议。
5. hearing。考查省略句。when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，又使用了进行时态，可以省略主语和be动词。
6. if。考查省略句。If引导条件状语从句，可省略重复内容。
7. would。考查倒装句。only修饰状语从句时，主句要倒装。
8. is。考查倒装句式。such… that...引导结果状语从句时，such置于句首时，引导的状语从句要部分倒装。
9. was。考查there be句型。there be句型中的be动词使用就近原则，本句中的名词中心词是unfairness，是不可数名词，故填was。
10. and。考查并列句。and承接上文表示顺承的结果。
B
【文章大意】爱，有时候不需要太多的语言，就如父母爱你一样爱他们就可以了。
1. the。空格表示谈话双方都知道的东西，因此应填定冠词the。
2. busiest。由However可以推出空格表示“最忙的”，因此应填busiest。
3. left。空格表示“被留下”，因此应填过去分词left。
4. besides。空格表示“除……之外还”，因此应填besides。
5. from。空格表示“从……”，因此应填from。
6. yourself。由宾语you可以推出空格表示“你自己”，因此应填yourself。
7. that。“the happiest time for Dad and her is when my sister and I come home”所介绍内容意义已完整，因此空格应填无意连词that引导宾语从句。
8. anything。空格表示“任何事情”，因此应填anything。
9. preparing。空格用于with+名词+V-ing形式作伴随状语的独立主格结构中，因此应填preparing。
10. unhappiness。空格作forget的宾语，因此应填unhappy的名词形式unhappiness。
C
【文章大意】每个人都有计划，作者的计划是为贫困的儿童建立一所学校。
1. also。空格表示“也”，且位于句中，因此应填also。
2. for。空格表示“为”，因此应填for。
3. still。由句中though的让步性逻辑关系可以推出空格表示“仍然”，因此应填still。
4. have。本句的时态环境为一般现在时，因此空格应填have的一般现在时形式。
5. but。空格含转折性逻辑关系，故填but。
6. us。like为介词，故填宾格人称代词us。
7. If。由空格前后的逻辑关系推出空格处表示“如果”，因此应填If。
8. graduation。after为介词，空格应填graduate的名词形式graduation作宾语。
9. study。let后面应接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，因此空格应填study。
10. a。空档表示“一”，且修饰辅音发音开头的名词plan，因此应填a。