2023届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致考点剖析与高分技巧 同步练 讲义-（含答案）

主谓一致考点剖析与高分技巧+同步练 讲义
主谓一致是高考频繁考查的重要考点之一，在备考中，需要掌握其命题规律与答题技巧。
一、高频考点剖析
1.当or，nor， either...or，neither...nor，not only ...but （also）等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
【典例】Either my teachers or our headmaster ________ （be）to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall tomorrow.
解析：is。“Either...or...”连接的是并列主语，故空格处应与our headmaster保持一致，结合语境可知，is符合题意。
2.当and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物、同一概念或and连接的并列主语前有each，every，many a，no等修饰时，谓语动词使用单数。
【典例】The writer and teacher ________ （go）through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
解析：has gone。空前的两个名词指的是同一个人，故空格处用单数形式，结合关键词since和语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时。
3.当动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
【典例1】Memorizing hundreds of English words ________ （be）always a big headache for many students.
解析：is。动名词短语“Memorizing hundreds of English words”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时。
【典例2】（改错）What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.
解析：were→was。主语从句“What I liked best”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，故were改为was。
4.当“a （large）quantity of+可数名词或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数，而“（large）quantities of+可数名词或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
【典例】It is reported that large quantities of drinking water ________ （need）in the earthquake-hit area every day.
解析：are needed。“large quantities of drinking water”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，而主语是动作的承受者，结合句尾的状语和语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
5.当单复数同形的名词works，means，species，sheep，deer，Chinese，Japanese等作主语时，前有a，such a，this，that，each，every等修饰时，表单数含义，谓语动词用单数；当这些词前有all，these，many，those等修飾时，表复数含义，谓语动词用复数。
【典例】So far， every possible means ________ （use）to prevent the air pollution there.
解析：has been used。主语“every possible means”是承受者，且是单数概念，结合句首的状语和语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
6.当主语后跟有but，except，including，like，with，as well as，along with，in addition to，rather than，together with等内容时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
【典例】The father as well as his three children ________ （go）skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
解析：goes。空格处作为谓语动词应与主语father保持一致，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时态。
7.当“more than one/ many a +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【典例】It is reported that many a new house ________ （build）at present in a disaster area.
解析：is being built。主语是“many a new house”，谓语动词应用单数形式；主语是动作的承受者，结合语境可知，空格处应用现在进行时的被动语态。
8.“the number of +复数名词或复数代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“a （good/ large）number of+复数名词或复数代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【典例】Last week， the number of people invited ________ （be）fifty， but a number of them________ （be）absent for different reasons.
解析：was；were。“the number of people”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，而“a number of them”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，结合时间状语可知，两个空格处应用一般过去时。
9.当“part/ the rest/ 分数/ 百分数/ most/ some/ half+ of+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，of之后是复数名词时，谓语动词应用复数形式。
【典例】One third of the country ________ （be）covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.
解析：is。根据语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时，而“分数+of +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故填is。
【知识延伸】population的用法不符合这一规律，该词单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，前有分数或百分数等一类词时，谓语动词使用复数。例如：
The population of our village is twice as large as that of theirs. 我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。
Two thirds of the population is living below the poverty line there. 在那里，三分之二的人口生活在貧困线以下。
10.当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
【典例】This is the only one of the oldest customs that ________ （keep）up in this district up to now.
解析：has been kept。one是定语从句的先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故空格处用单数形式；关系词是动作的承受者，结合句尾的状语和语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态。需要注意的是，如果one之前没有“the only”修饰，则customs是先行词。
11.当题干是强调句型时，即“It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who +其他”，如果对主语强调时，谓语动词与被强调部分保持一致。
【典例】It is what the pupils do in their spare time that really ________ （prepare）them to take their place in society as citizens when they grow up.
解析：prepares。题干整体上是强调句型，对主语从句“what the pupils do in their spare time”进行了强调，而主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时。
12.当题干是倒装句时，需要判断出句子的主谓结构，谓语动词的单复数形式仍与句子的主语保持一致。
【典例】In front of my house ________ （live）a famous musician， who seems to have settled into life in China.
解析：lives。表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子采用全部倒装结构，空格处作为谓语动词应与主语musician保持一致，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时。
二、高分技巧点拨
涉及主谓一致的考点时，试题往往结合动词时态和语态进行考查，因此在分析题干时，一方面需要结合好主谓一致的相关知识对谓语动词的单复数形式进行推敲判断，另一方面还需要结合语境对空格处所使用的时态或语态的种类进行分析，不可顾此失彼，二者需要兼顾，这样才能敲定答案，提高答题的准确率。
三、专题强化训练
（一）单句改错
1. The understanding between two friends means both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.
2. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby； besides， Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.
3. He would ask who we was and pretend not to know.
4. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky— they looked like rain！
5. He works from morning till night and hard work have made him very ill.
6. Finally， there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.
7. Good night and remember， you， dear diary， is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.
8. Now my friend Ann， together with me， are going to do field study and the findings will be used as materials for our research.
9. Luckily I had all my money in my pocket， but the only clothes I had was those I had on.
10. Katia， like many other Russian girls， are nice and lively.
11. After hearing your sad stories， he will say some words that is nice and warm.
12. There exists now a park that has a small river running through.
13. One day， while my friend and I was traveling through Germany， we were very hungry but we only had a little money.
14. John Brown is a London taxi driver who love going to the theatre.
15. As summer vacation are coming soon， my classmates are trying very hard to get train tickets to go home.
（二）单句填空
1. Many a student _________ （be） late for school because of bad weather yesterday morning.
2. As everyone knows， about two thirds of the earth’s surface_________ （be）covered by water.
3. The lake smells terrible because large quantities of water _________ （pollute）by now.
4. Either you or one of your students _________ （be）to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
5. It is important to remember that success _________（be）a sum of small efforts made each day and often _________（take）years to achieve.
6. China Daily attracts a worldwide readership， which _________ （show）that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
7. All we need ________（be）a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
8. Generally， students inner motivation with high expectations from others_________（be）essential to their development.
9. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _________（be）around $8，450 a year， which is a burden for some of them.
10. Ten years ago the population of our village _________（be）twice as large as that of theirs.
11. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course and being too anxious to help an event develop often _________ （result）in the contrary to our intention.
12. Between the two buildings _________（stand）our library which is my favorite place on campus.
13. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what
（leave）.
14. In recent years， the commercial pressure from supermarket chains __________ （force）village shops across the country to close.
15. The teacher together with the students _________（discuss）Reading Skills newly published in America now.
16. If people outside China learned a bit about jasmine tea culture，they would realize there _________ （be）a lot of enjoyment in it.
17. She is one of those who _________（be）always complaining about everything and hard to please.
18. How close teachers and friends are to the kids ________ （have）a strong influence on the development of their characters.
19. The country life he was used to ________ （change）greatly since 2013.
20. The teacher， with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class， _________（visit）a museum when the earthquake struck.
21. Two fifths of the land in that district _________（be）covered with trees and grass now.
22. The Princess and the Frog is a fairy musical that ________ （date）back to the days when Walt Disney was a person， not a brand.
23. Large quantities of water， as well as some other timely help including a medical team， _________（offer）since the serious drought hit Yunnan Province.
24. Among all the birthday gifts ________ （include）a DIY card， which I like best.
25.The farm as well as its neighboring hills we once spent so much time on ________ （take）on a new look since 2013.
26. Some experts believe it is the grandparents who _________ （be）to blame for the spoiled child.
27. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea， which _________ （call）the Pacific， and we met no storm.
28. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _________ （make）into at least ten different films over the past years.
29.This kind of glasses made in Shanghai _________ （wear）comfortably.
30. The number of people， who have access to their own cars， _________（rise）sharply in the past decade.
31. Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _________（send）to the village school last week.
32. Ever since it was presented to the United States by the people of France， the Statue of Liberty _________（be）a symbol of liberty for the Americans.
33. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting_________（exhibit）at the culture show in 2015.
34. Across the Yangtze River _________（lie）more than one bridge， the Nanjing Changjiang Bridge being the first one.
35. My English teacher， as well as her students， _________（invite）to perform at the party last night.
36. So sudden _________ （be）the rain that people in the street all rushed in all directions to find a shelter.
37. No one in our class but Tom and I _________（know）that a new teacher is going to teach us English.
38. 40% of the students in our school _________（be）from the other parts of Hunan， which is relatively large number.
39. Still many Senior Three students haven’t realized reading English newspapers _________（be）of great help to their English study.
40. Wal-Mart， which is one of the largest American supermarket chains， _________ （keep）some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
（三）语篇填空
A
Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a chance 1 （see）your friends again. But most exciting of all，the new term lets you take up new hobbies. In Britain 2 is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays. Promising to learn something new 3 （be）a common New Year’s resolution.
Most schools offer different kinds of hobby classes. Students 4 （usual）take them in their free periods or after school. You have to pay for some classes but some 5 （be）free. For example，I once took 6 free Wednesday evening gymnastics class 7 is offered by my school. But when I learnt how to play the drum，my parents had to pay for the lessons.
The most popular extra 8 （class） at my school were piano lessons and drama club. Both classes offered exams students could take. Students with many hobbies sometimes felt more stressed than those without any. But the students with hobbies left school with many extra skills.
I haven’t continued any of the hobbies I
9 （begin）at school. But I have never regretted 10 （take）them. My best friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.
B
One of the major holiday shopping
11 （ day）is the day after Thanksgiving. It is 12 （frequent）referred to as Black Friday. The use of the word “black” is related
13 he business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So 14 （be）“in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing，a return to profits.
Black Friday is the big day for many retailers，and it presents the shopper an opportunity 15 （get）all of one’s holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices. On that day，most retailers will open very early
16 usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products，while
17 great numbers of holiday shoppers will get an early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.
Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores， 18 is the other idea of a “Black Friday”，a day they do not like. It used to be the 19 （busy）shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress involved in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas 20 （see）the biggest shopping crowds.
答案
（一）单句改错
1.mean→means。动名词understanding作主语，故谓语动词mean使用错误，应用单数形式。
2. have→ has。“The early morning barking”在句中作主語，故have使用错误，应改为has。
3. was→ were。根据主语we可知，was使用错误，应改为were。
4. was→ were。主语是arrows，故was应改为were。
5. have→ has。hard work作主语，故have错误，应改为has，。
6. were→ was。根据就近原则可知，were错误，应改为was。
7. is→ are。根据主语you可知，is应改为are。
8. are→ is。根据主语Ann可知，句中的are使用错误，应改为is。
9. was→ were。clothes是主语，故was错误，应改为were。
10. are→ is。根据主语Katia可知，are使用错误，应改为is。
11. is→ are。先行词some words在从句中作主语，故is使用错误，应改为are。
12. exist→ exists。根据主语a park可知，exist应改为 exists。
13. was→were。my friend and I在句中作主语，故was应改为复数形式。
14. love→ loves。关系词在定语从句中作主语，根据先行词taxi driver可知，love应改为loves。
15. are→is。summer vacation作主语，故are错误，应改为is。
（二）单句填空
1. was。“many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合句尾的状语可知，空格处应用一般过去时。
2. is。题干描述的是客观事实，故空格处应用一般现在时，再根据“分数+of+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故填is。
3. have been polluted。“large quantities of+名词”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式；主语是动作的承受者，结合句尾的状语和语境可知，空格处所填词应用现在完成时的被动语态。
4. is。根据就近原则可知，空格处所填词与空前的one保持一致；结合状语tomorrow可知，is符合题意。
5.is； takes。success作主语，故两个空均用单数形式，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时态。
6. shows。关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为空前的一句话内容，故空格处应用单数形式，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时态。
7. is。主语all指代a small piece of land，谓语动词应用单数，而题干语境为一般现在时，故填is。
8. is。主语为students inner motivation，空格处应用单数形式，而题干描述的是客观事实，故空格处应用一般现在时态。
9. are。主语是living expenses，谓语动词应用复数，结合语境可知，空格处填are。
10. was。population作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合句首的时间状语可知，空格处应用一般过去时。
11. results。动名词短语“being too anxious to help an event develop”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式；空格处描述的是客观事实，故空格处用一般现在时态。
12. stands。空格处作为主句的谓语动词应与主语our library保持一致，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时。
13. was left。在题干中，what作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式；what是动作的承受者，结合空前的时态和语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
14. has forced。主语为the commercial pressure，空格处应用单数形式，结合标志性状语“In recent years”和语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时。
15. is discussing。根据主语“The teacher”可知，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合now和语境可知，空格处应用现在进行时。
16.is。主句和从句都是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，但realize所接的宾语从句描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时，根据enjoyment可知，空格處应用单数形式。
17. are。关系代词who在从句中作主语，指代先行词those，故空格处用复数形式，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时。
18. has。主语从句“How close teachers and friends are to the kids”作主语，谓语动词用单数，题干描述的是客观事实，故空格处应用一般现在时态。
19. has changed。“The country life”作主语，空格处作为主句的谓语动词应用单数形式，结合句尾的标志性状语和语境可知，空格处应用has changed。
20. was visiting。“The teacher”为主语，空格处应用单数形式，而“主语+be +doing sth+when...”为常用句式，结合语境可知，空格处应用过去进行时。
21. is。“分数+of+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合now和语境可知，is符合题意。
22. dates。动词短语date back to常用一般现在时态，结合先行词musical可知，空格处填dates。
23.have been offered。“Large quantities of water”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，而主语是动作的承受者，结合空后的语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
24. is included。题干是全倒装结构，主语a DIY card是单数形式，且是动作的承受者，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
25. has taken。空格处作为谓语动词，应与主语“The farm”保持一致，结合句尾的时间状语可知，空格处所填词应用现在完成时态。
26. are。关系词在从句中作主语，结合先行词grandparents和语境可知，空格处填are。
27. is called。关系代词在从句中作主语，且是动作的承受者，结合先行词the open sea和语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
28. has been made。主语是动作的承受者，且是单数概念，结合句尾的标志性状语和语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态。
29. wears。“This kind of+名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，而根据空格处描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
30. has risen。“the number of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；空格处是主句的谓语动词，结合句尾的标志性状语可知，空格处应用现在完成时。
31. was sent。主语“Modern teaching equipment”是动作的承受者，结合句尾的时间状语可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
32. has been。the Statue of Liberty在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，结合空前的标志性状语可知，空格处应用现在完成时态。
33. were exhibited。主语arts是动作的承受者，结合空后的时间状语可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
34. lies。空格处作为谓语动词，应与主语more than one bridge保持一致，而“more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，结合语境可知，lies符合题意。
35. was invited。主语“My English teacher”是单数，且是动作的承受者，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
36. was。根据空后的主語the rain可知，空格处应用单数形式，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时态。
37. knows。“No one”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时态。
38. are。“百分数+of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时态。
39. is。reading English newspapers作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，而realized之后描述的是客观事实，故空格处应用一般现在时。
40. keeps。空格处为主句的谓语动词，主语是Wal-Mart；结合空前的is和语境可知，空格处描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
（三）语篇填空
A
【文章大意】文章主要介绍的是作者参加兴趣班的经历。
1.to see。考查非谓语动词。chance后面常跟动词不定式作后置定语。
2.it。考查人称代词。空格处为形式主语，真正的主语是空后的不定式短语，故填it。
3.is。考查动词时态和主谓一致。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，结合语境可知，is符合题意。
4.usually。考查副词。空格处在句中作状语，故填提示词的副词形式。
5.are。考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语some指代classes，结合语境可知，空格处填are。
6.a。考查冠词。可数名词class在句中表示泛指，故空格处填不定冠词a。
7.which/ that。考查定语从句。先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/ that。
8.classes。考查名词复数。根据空后的were可知，空格处应填复数名词。
9.began。考查动词时态。空格处是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时态。
10. taking。考查非谓语动词。regret doing sth为固定短语，故本空填动名词形式。
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是黑色星期五的由来。
11.days。考查名词复数。根据空前的“One of”可知，空格处填复数名词。
12. frequently。考查词性转换。空格处在句中作状语，故填副词frequently。
13.to。考查介词。be related to为常用短语，意为“与……有关”，故填to。
14.being。考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语“being ‘in the black on the Friday after Thanksgiving”作主语。
15.to get。考查非谓语动词。名词opportunity之后常用不定式作后置定语。
16.and。考查并列连词。此处为并列连词and连接两个并列谓语。
17.a。考查冠词。a great number of为常用短语，意为“许多”。
18.which。考查定语从句。两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的一句话内容，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
19.busiest。考查形容词的最高级形式。根据空前的定冠词和语境可知，空格处填最高级形式。
20.has seen。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据In recent years可知，空格处用现在完成时，而主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数，故填has seen。