2023届高考英语二轮复习 定语从句考点 讲与练 讲义-（含答案）

定语从句考点 讲与练
定语从句是三大从句之一，是高考频繁考查的考点之一。在备考中，需要明确其命题规律，掌握答题技巧，这样才能高效备考。
一、高频考点剖析
（一）考查关系词的基本用法
关系词用法一览表
【考例】
1. In this box are some stem cells _______ are urgently needed for a patient—please， please， you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.（阅读理解改编）
2. Louis Braille， a blind person， lived in a time _______ the blind couldnt get much education.（阅读理解改编）
3. The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street， _______ offers several concerts from March through June.（阅读改编）
4. I’ve got to a point in my life_______ I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown， hard， but interesting. （阅读表达改编）
5. I ran the risk of losing those students _______ had a different style of thinking. （阅读改编）
6. The reason_______ any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. （阅读改编）
7. A coin is put into the cake，_______ signifies（预示） success in the New Year for the person who receives it.（阅读理解改编）
8. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery， Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place _______ cannot be missed when you visit the city.（阅读理解改编）
9. _______ is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.（）
10. I live next door to a couple _______ children often make a lot of noise.
解析：
1. that/ which。先行词为some stem cells，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/ which。
【知识拓展】（1）关系词that不可位于介词后，不可引导非限制性定语从句。 （2）关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用that的情况：先行词是all，everything，anything等不定代词；先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰；先行词既有人又有物；先行词是序数词、最高级或被序数词、最高级修饰。
2. when。先行词指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
3. which。先行词指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
【知识拓展】 which可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；先行词可指物，也可指一句话内容。
4. where。point为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。
【知识拓展】当先行词是activity，situation，point，case，stage，scene等抽象名词时，且关系词在从句中作状语时，应用where作为引导词。
5. who / that。先行词those students指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/ that。
【知识拓展】（1）who引导定语从句时，不可位于介词之后。（2）关系词常用who的情况：先行词为明确指人的anyone，one，ones，those等词时；在分隔式定语从句中，先行词指人，为了避免歧义时；当先行词为人称代词时等。
6. why。reason为先行词，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用why引导定语从句。
7. which。逗号前的一句话内容为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
8. that。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词place之前有the very修饰，故应用that作为引導词。
9. As。先行词为逗号之后的一句话内容，且关系词在从句中作主语，而定语从句位于句首时，只能用as引导。
【知识拓展】as引导非限制性定语时，可位于句首、句中或句尾，常有“正如，正像”之意，其常用结构为：as anybody can see；as we know；as is well known；as often happens；as is reported；as is often the case；as is mentioned above；as has been pointed out
10. whose。a couple是先行詞，且空格处作children的定语，故填whose。
（二）考查“介词+关系代词”的用法
“介词+关系代词”既可用于限制性定语从句中，还可用于非限制性定语从句中，是定语从句的一种常见用法。
【考例】
1. She was taking the food to the refugee camp， in _________she distributed it to children.
2. Many young people， most of________
were well-educated， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_________ school education depends.
解析：
1. which。the refugee camp为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故用which作为引导词。
2. whom。先行词指人，关系词作介词of的宾语，故whom符合题意。
3. which。先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作介词upon的宾语，故填which。
（三）考查分隔式定语从句
定语从句往往紧跟在先行词之后，但是有时可能会在从句和先行词之间插入其他成分，使从句与先行词分隔开来，从而形成了分隔式定语从句（也可称为“间隔式定语从句”）。如：
Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship. （先行词student和定语从句被介词短语“in his class”隔开） 汤姆是班里第一个获得奖学金的学生。
【考例】 After the flooding， people were suffering in that area， _________ urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive.
解析： who。people为先行词，且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故who符合题意。
（四）考查定语从句的主谓一致
当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致，即先行词为单数，从句谓语动词为单数，先行词为复数，则从句谓语动词为复数。
【考例】
1. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who always _________ （wear） evening dress.
2. He wrote many children’s books， nearly half of which _________ （publish） in the 1990s.
解析：
1. wears。根据always和语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时；关系词在从句中作主语，而one是定语从句的先行词，故空格处应用单数形式。（one之前如没有the only修饰时，先行词为women。）
2. were published。nearly half of which在从句中作主语，且是动作的承受者，根据语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态；结合先行词books可知，空格处填were published。
二、高分技巧点拨
对于定语从句方面的试题，首先应该找准先行词，然后再结合句子成分的知识对关系词在从句中的具体作用分析推敲，判断好关系词在从句中作的是哪一种句子成分。需要注意的是，先行词并不能决定关系词的使用。例如，先行词指时间，但是关系词在从句中作主语，则应用关系代词作为引导词，而不应使用关系副词when。
【考例】
1. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， _________my classmates recommended to me.
2. That evening， _________ I will tell you more about later， I ended up working very late.
解析：
1. which。先行词为book，且关系词在非限制性定语从句中作recommended的宾语，故填which。本题容易误填where或when，原因是认为先行词是空前的地点或时间，误认为关系词在从句中作状语。
2. which。that evening虽为表示时间的先行词，但是关系词在从句中作介词about的宾语，故用关系代词which作为非限制性定语从句的引导词。本题容易误填when，原因是没有判断好关系词在从句中的作用。
三、强化训练
（一）单句语法填空
1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears， none of _________ has been proved.
2. The next day， my mother and I went to the beach _________we watched some children play volleyball.
3. Happiness and success often come to those _________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
4. The books on the desk， ________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
5. I recently read an article about “homophobia”， ________ is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone！
6. We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， ________ other visitors seldom go.
7. Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
8. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention， _________ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months， will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.
9. The children， all of _________ had played the whole day long， were worn out.
10. We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare _________ we have so many foods available at such low prices.
11. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， _________ made her feel like a star.
12. Toms mother， _________had heard their conversation， asked if they could do it.
13. I decided to leave home for New York， ________ I might have a better chance to find a good job.
14. Behind him were other people to_________ he was trying to talk， but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me， looking annoyed.
15. The number of smokers， ________ is reported， has dropped by 17 per cent in just one year.
16. I am looking forward to the day
_________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
17. A company _________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
18. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______ his employees enjoy their work.
19. The very thing _________ brought about a complete change in her life was the liberation.
20. As the smallest child of his family， Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
21. The reason _________ more and more young people dream of becoming a famous singer or musician is that they can become millionaires overnight.
22. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _________ lives were affected.
23. He made another wonderful discovery， _________ I think is of great importance to science.
24. In my opinion，Beijing is the most beautiful city， _________ I spent my last summer holiday.
25. The two old friends talked about the persons and places _________ impressed them most.
26. Alice asked the policeman with _________ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
27. I can think of many cases _________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
28. _________ has been announced， we shall have our final exams next month.
29. George Orwell， _________ real name was Eric Arthur， wrote many political novels and essays.
30. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months， of _________ the sailing time was 226 days.
31. Last month， part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods， from _________ effects the people are still suffering.
32. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school， most of _________ were from Germany.
33. We are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer.
34. Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _________ don’t.
35. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， ________ the weather may be better.
36. By serving others， a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself， ________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
37. Last week， only two people came to look at the house， neither of _________ wanted to buy it.
38. I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， _________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
39. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that far- away village.
40. _________ we have stressed many times， “serve the people” is our first policy.
41. What is known to us all is that the old scientist， for _________ life was hard in the past， still works very hard in his eighties.
42. We went to the Lincoln Memorial yesterday， _________， not surprisingly， was crowded with visitors from all over the world.
43. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
44. As I arrived in Sydney， I wanted to see everything on my first day， _________ I knew was impossible.
45. When people talk about the cities of the U.S. ， the first _________ comes into their mind is New York.
（二）语篇语法填空
Christmas was coming and we were given
1 $25 Christmas check for social services. Mom said instead of buying food， she would use the money 2 （pay） back rent and there would be nothing for Christmas.
3 （actual）， I had already earned enough money by selling Christmas trees to buy a new pair of boots， 4 was unknown to Mom.
Well， the big moment came 5 the afternoon of Christmas Eve. I was hurried to buy my boots. On the way， I noticed a house with Christmas lights and decorations. It suddenly 6 （occur） to me that we had nothing at our house.
As I continued walking， I began to feel
7 （guilt）. I was going to buy a pair of boots while Mom was home in tears. I stopped and stood there for what seemed a long time until I decided what I had to do.
Feeling excited， I went into a grocery store and spent all 8 （I） hard-earned money buying the Christmas goods home. Opening the door， Mom stood there saying nothing.
9 （hold） back the tears， I shouted： “Merry Christmas Mother！ There really is a Santa Claus！”. That day I got enough hugs and 10 （kiss） from Mom to last two lifetimes.
答案
（一）单句语法填空
1. which。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，theories为先行词，且关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故填which。
2. where。beach为先行词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
3. who。先行词those指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。
4. whose。books为先行词，关系词在从句中作covers的定语，故whose符合题意。
5. which。nomophobia（无手机恐惧症）为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
6. where。先行词指地点，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故where符合题意。
7. which。an atmosphere为先行词，且关系词作介词宾语，故用which作为引导词。
8.which。invention为先行词，空格处在从句中作主语，故用which作为引导词。
9. whom。两个逗号之间是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故填whom。
10. when。先行词occasions指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
11. which。第二个逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的一句话内容，故填which。
12.who。先行词Toms mother指人，两个逗号之间是非限制性定语从句，且先行词在从句中作主语，故填who。
13. where。地点名词New York为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
14. whom。other people为先行词，关系词在从句中作介詞宾语，故用whom作为引导词。
15. as。此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句的一句话内容，as is reported是常用结构。
16. when。先行词day指时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故when符合题意。
17. whose。“A company”为先行词，关系词在从句中作名词profits的定语，故填whose。
18. where。an easy atmosphere是先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
19. that。先行词thing用“The very”修饰，且关系词在从句中作主语，故用that作为引导词。
20. when。先行词time指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
21. why。reason为先行词，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，故用why引导定语从句。
22. whose。先行词为those，且空格处在从句中作名词lives的定语，故用whose作为引导词。
23. which。another wonderful discovery为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
24. where。先行词指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
25. that。先行词“persons and places”中既有人又有物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填that。
26. whom。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，故填whom。
27. where。many cases为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
28. As。逗号前是非限制性定语从句，而位于句首的定语从句只能使用as引导。
29. whose。George Orwell为先行词，关系词在从句中作定语，故填whose。
30. which。nine months为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。
31. whose。floods为先行词，关系词在从句中作名词的定语，故填whose。
32. whom。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故whom符合题意。
33. when。先行词age表示时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when作为引导词。
34. who。先行词those指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故空格处填who。
35. when。先行词是next week，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。
36. which 。先行词为第二个逗号之前的一句话内容，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
37. whom。先行词为two people，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，故whom符合题意。
38. when。the fifth grade为先行词，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用when作为引导词。
39. when。hours为先行词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
40. As。逗号前是位于句首的非限制性定语从句，而关系词之中只有as有这一用法。
41. whom。the old scientist为先行词，关系词在从句中作介词for的宾语，故填whom。
42. which。the Lincoln Memorial为先行词，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
43. where。business为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
44. which。第二个逗号前的一句话内容为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
45. that。the first为先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that。
（二）语篇语法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者家庭贫困，在圣诞节到来之际，作者用自己赚的钱购买了礼物，给家里带来了惊喜。
1. a。考查冠词。名词check在句中表示泛指，故填不定冠词。
2. to pay。考查非谓语动词。根据短语“use sth. to do sth.”可知，空格处填不定式。
3. Actually。考查词性转换。空格处在句中作状语，故填提示词的副词形式。
4. which。考查定语从句。第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的一句话内容，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
5. on。考查介词。表示在具体的某一天上午、下午或晚上， 应用介词on。
6. occurred。考查动词时态。空格处作为谓语动词，是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。 7. guilty。考查词性转换。空格处在句中作表语，结合语境可知，空格处填形容词。
8. my。考查代词。空格处作名词的定语，故空格处填物主代词my。
9. Holding。考查非谓语动词。逗号前为非谓语动词短语作伴随状语，且与主语是主动关系，故填现在分词。
10. kisses。考查名词复数。根据空前的hugs和语境可知，空格处填写复数名词。