语法填空
考点梳理与练习
有提示词考点梳理
Attention please!
语法填空作为高考英语的必考题型,主要考查我们的语法积累和运用能力。在积累了众多语法知识的基础上,相信同学们已经有了一些做这道题的能力和技巧,那怎么才能保证我们做这道题准确率高而且速度快呢?下面我们将对语法填空题型进行考点梳理。
和高考的亲密接触
给同学们10分钟的时间,一起来挑战一下吧!(2020年小高考)
A recent study shows that most adults did household chores 41.________(active) when they were young.Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, 42.________same study shows.
An expert said,“Parents today want their kids to spend more time 43.________things that can bring them money and honour.They have stopped 44.________(do) the one thing that has proven to bring success.That is doing household chores.”
Another study finds that compared with the kids 45.________ didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely 46.________(succeed).They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.
Personal happiness 47.________(say) to come from strong relationships.It begins by learning to be kind and 48.________(help) to their parents at home.
If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they 49.________(deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook.If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others.“What may seem like small 50.________ (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time,”says an expert.
同学们能否总结出语法填空这个题型知识点考查的方向和重难点呢?针对这个题型,同学们在做题的时候都会遇到什么问题?和小伙伴们一起讨论一下吧!
考点一 名词
考查内容
(1)n and n并列
例如:His kindness and _____________(achieve)impressed me.
(2)(a/an/the)+adj+n
例如: I’m a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
(3)介词+n
Several proposals are under _______________(consider).
(4)形容词性物主代词+n
She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate).?
(5)序数词+n
It is the third ________________(describe)about the bird.
many/several+可数名词复数
much+不可数名词
some/a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
名词变复数变化规律
1.一般情况,加-s; 如map-maps
2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词,加-es; 如:bus- buses
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i再加es; 如:baby- babies
4. 以o结尾的有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s·
5. 特殊的变化:foot-feet, tooth-teeth、sheep、deer、child-children
牛刀小试 (历年真题)
1. Any smell might attract natural (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
2.The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.
3. Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
4.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______ (compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.
考点二 动词
考查方向
Tom ____________(play)football yesterday.
I saw the boy ___________(play)near the river.
The story is very ______________(interest).
如果括号中给的提示词是动词时,首先判定考查的是谓语动词、非谓语动词还是词性转换。
考查内容
一、谓语动词
1、判定考查谓语动词的依据
(1)逗号不能连接两个句子。
例如:Two years ago,he went to the Great Wall.
(2)在一个简单句中,只能有一个谓语或并列谓语。
例如:He walked into the classroom.
He walked into the classroom and began his class.
He walked into the classroom whistling a popular tune.
2、谓语动词考察方向:时态、语态、主谓一致
(1)时态 判断依据:
①如果该空所在的句子中有时间状语,则依据时间状语判断相应的动词时态。
例如:I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ________(make) over the years.
②如果该空所在的句子中有并列谓语,则保持并列谓语的时态一致。
例如:Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________(recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
③如果上述两种情况都不存在时,则根据上下文的时态正确选择谓语动词的时态。
(2)语态
判断谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系,从而选择谓语动词语态是主动语态还是被动语态。
被动语态谓语动词形式:be done
On the last day of our week-long stay,we ________(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
(3)主谓一致
①如果主语是单数,那么谓语动词也是单数;如果主语是复数,那么谓语动词是复数。
②就近原则。通常使用就近原则的词组有or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,There be句型
例如:Either you or I ___________(be)happy.
③就远原则。通常使用就远原则的词组有:名词或代词┼with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,as much as,but,expect
例如:Tom as well as his friends _____________(be)invited to the party.
总结:谓语动词时态、语态、主谓一致做题思路:
1、要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;若是谓语动词,
2、要判断用哪一种时态
3、要根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态
4、要注意主谓一致,最后才能确定所填动词的形式。
在确定谓语动词的时态时,我们可从三个方面来进行判断:
1、看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句;
2、在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时;
3、根据上下文时态判断谓语动词时态
牛刀小试
1、The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2、This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.
3、Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection (be)on display.
4、When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____ ____ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
5、Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award,proud Irene ________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
二、非谓语动词
1、判定考查非谓语动词的依据:
根据概念(在一个句子中,除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式称为非谓语动词)
2、非谓语动词的形式及意义
基本形式:to do 表示将来、目的、主动 变化形式:to be done 将来、被动
doing 表示进行、主动 being done 进行、被动
done 表示完成、被动 having done 完成、主动
having been done完成、被动
3、非谓语动词的做题思路
(1)判定是否是非谓语动词。(根据非谓语动词的概念)
(2)找逻辑主语,分析逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主动被动关系。
(3)分析非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的时间先后关系。
(4)根据非谓语动词的基本形式和变化形式及其所表达的意义,判定出最终非谓语动词的形式。
4、非谓语动词的固定搭配
(1)doing做主语
例如:playing with his friends makes him happy every day.
(2)only to do表示出人意料的结果
例如:He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.
(3)主语+be+adj+to do
例如:The cake is easy to make.
(4)have trouble/problems/difficulty+(in)doing sth/with sth
(5)It takes sb. some time/money to do sth
(6)跟to do形式作宾语
(7)跟doing形式作主语
(8)介词后加doing形式作宾语
牛刀小试
1. I enjoy _______________(climb)mountains whenever I can find the time to do so.
2. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.
3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch.
4. Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_______ (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
5. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garde
三、词性转换
动词转换为名词、形容词或副词
1、动词转换为名词
(1)n and n并列
(2)(a/an/the)+adj+n
(3)介词+n
(4)形容词性物主代词+n
(5)序数词+n
many/several+可数名词复数
much+不可数名词
some/a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词
2、动词转换为形容词
(1)形容词作表语
(2)形容词作定语,修饰名词或代词
例如:She gave us a ________________(surprise)look.
3、动词转换为副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。
例如:________________(luck), he didn’t hurt himself.
牛刀小试
1. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _______________(able).
2. There are _____________(amaze)stories of instant transformation.
3. Now people are still _______________(interest)in Nessie.
4. You will be ______________(surprise) to find you’re gaining weight.
考点三 形容词、副词
考查方向
1、形容词、副词的判定及两者之间的词性转化
2、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级
形容词使用情况:修饰名词、代词或者放在系动词之后作表语
副词使用情况:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
形容词变副词规律
1.一般情况下直接加“y”;如: quick- quickly,
2.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y;
如:possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly
3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ly;
如happy-happily;heavy-heavily
4.少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly;如true-truly
形容词比较级、最高级变化规律
1. 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成;如:tall--taller--tallest
2. 以e结尾的单词加r/st;如 wide--wider--widest
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,把y变为i,再加er/est; 如:busy-busier-busiest
4. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er/est;如big-bigger-biggest
5. 部分双音节词,多音节词在词前面加more或most;(比较级more+adj;最高级most+adj)
如: interesting-more interesting-most interesting
不规则变化
good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst
many/much -more--most. little/few-less-least
far--farther/further--farthest/furthest
牛刀小试
1.Abercrombie &Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_____________(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2. The river was so polluted that it ______________(actual)caught fire and burned.
3. Fans from around the world gathered_______________(cheerful)to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty.
4.The secretary arranged______________(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an Interview.
5.As the Chinese old saying goes:“It is_____________(good)to travel ten thousand miles than to read
ten thousand books.”
相信大家在经过了语法填空的考点梳理之后,做题已经游刃有余了,给同学们10分钟的时间,来做一下下面的题吧!
举一反三
1. What I've learned over the years is that learning to accept each other’s faults is one of the most important_________(key) to creating a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship.
2. Taking a shower often______________(need) a lot of water.
3. She_________(work) for seven months at a child care center in the Harlem area of New York city when she was 20 years old.
4.Shortly after he borrowed this book, he_____________(call) to London to continue his research.
5. Yangshuo_______________(be) really beautiful.
6. You'd better write down her phone number before you______________(forget) it.
7. Many children around the world live in the areas where adults_______________(regular)smoke.
8.Children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and_______________(many) illnesses.
9. One people was killed, and several were_______________(serious)hurt.
10. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was_______________(miss).
11. Please answer the question_____________(use) another way.
12 Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision________________(make)at the meeting will
influence the future of our company.
语法填空真题训练
2019真题
Once, there lived a poor man in a small village. He was very clever but didn't want 1. (work) at all. He lived on 2. the villagers gave him every day. One day he got a basket of eggs 3. a kind lady. He began to think that he would save eggs until they were in short supply. Then he could earn a small amount of money by 4. (sell) them at a-very good price. And then he would buy a couple of goats. Very soon, he would have 5. large group of goats. The goat milk would bring him much more money. With the money, he would buy a cow.6. (it)milk would bring him a lot of money. He would become much7. (rich ), build a big house and marry a pretty woman. They would have a lot of 8. (child). While he was lost in thought, 9. (unlucky ), he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. He was very sad. That 10. (bring) an end to the man's beautiful dream.
2018真题
There are various kinds of theme parks. Some are famous for 1. _______(have)the biggest or longest
roller coasters, 2. ___________for showing the famous sights and sounds of culture. Whichever and whatever you like , there is a theme park 3. ____________you! Disneyland, a fantasy 4. ____________(amuse) park, 5. _________offers a variety of attractions for tourists, will bring you into a magical world. Dollywood, one of the 6. ___________(much) unique theme 7. _________(park) in the world, shows and celebrates America’s 8. __________(tradition) southeastern culture. 9. _______ you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England’s Camelot Park 10. __________(be) the place for you.
2017真题
Lucy is the most creative person I know.At school,she 1 (create) many interesting projects and won some prizes,so her parents were very 2 (pride) of her.Now Lucy works as a 3 (write) for a TV show.Together with her colleagues,she has to think of fresh ideas and come up with 4 (fun) dialogues for the actors on their show.It is not 5 easy job, but Lucy does it 6 (proper).Lucy is very curious.She likes to travel and meet new people 7 have their own opinions that are different 8 hers.She often keeps a notebook in 9 (she) bag and writes down what she sees and hears.I always enjoy 10 (talk) with her.