2023届高三英语一轮复习北师大版（2019）必修第三册 Unit 9 Learning 核心词汇复习讲义-（含答案）

Unit 9 Learning
【核心词汇】
Very slowly, you will start to acquire the rules and use them without thinking. (Page 109)
慢慢地,你会开始掌握规则,并不假思索地使用它们。
【词汇精讲】
acquire用作动词,意为“学习,获得(知识,技能)”。
We should try to acquire good habits.
我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。
She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
她英语已经学得很好了。
【词汇拓展】
acquisition n.(知识、技能等的)获得,得到
Life is a process about the acquisition of knowledge,wealth and happiness.
生活是一个关于获得知识、财富和幸福的过程。
Language acquisition is a long process.
语言习得是一个很长的过程。
facts and arrangements (Page 58)事实和安排
【词汇精讲】
arrangement用作名词,意为“计划;安排”。
This arrangement suits us perfectly.
这个安排对我们来说太合适了。
They have just finished the travel arrangements.
他们刚刚完成旅行安排。
He was not satisfied with the accommodation arrangement.
他对住宿安排不满意。
【词汇拓展】
arrange vt.安排;筹备
arrange sth筹备某物;筹划某事
arrange to do sth安排好做某事
arrange for sb to do sth安排某人做某事
arrange for sth安排某物
His parents arranged a big surprise party for his birthday.
他的父母为他的生日张罗了一个大的惊喜派对。
They have arranged to meet this weekend.
他们已经安排好这个周末见面。
They have arranged for a lawyer to help you.
他们已经安排了一位律师来帮你。
The company will arrange for a taxi to pick you up at the airport.
公司会安排一辆出租车去机场接你。
Well, my advice is to increase your knowledge of English beyond the classroom.(Page 108)
噢,我的建议是在课堂之外增加你的英语知识。
【词汇精讲】
beyond用作介词,意为“超出……范围”。
You mustn’t stay out beyond 10 p.m.
晚上十点以后不许在外逗留。
The bike is beyond repair.
自行车已无法修理。
His son’s grade was beyond his expectation.
他儿子的成绩超出了他的预料。
【词汇拓展】
(1)beyond sb对某人来说太难;使某人无法想象(或理解、做等)
beyond one’s reach某人够不到
(2)within prep.& adv.在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内
It was beyond me why he did that.
他为什么那样做我实在理解不了。
That question is not within the scope of this talk.
那个问题不在本次会谈范围之内。
Is it within walking distance
那里步行走得到吗
You will receive a reply within seven days.
你会在七天之内收到答复。
Today, we’re honoured to have two special guests with us to tell us about this.(Page 109)
今天,我们很荣幸邀请到两位特别的嘉宾来为我们讲述这事。
【词汇精讲】
be honoured to do sth是固定用法,意为“很荣幸做某事”。
I was deeply honoured to be playing against the former champion.
能与前冠军比赛,我很荣幸。
【词汇拓展】
honour n.尊敬;荣幸　v.尊敬;给予表扬
in honour of为了纪念;为了表示敬意
It’s a great honour to do sth.做某事感到荣幸。
honour sb with sth用某物向某人表示尊敬;授予某人某种荣誉
It’s a great honour to be invited here today.
今天承蒙邀请至此,深感荣幸。
So what do you normally do to memorise new words (Page 108)
那么你通常做什么来记住新单词
【词汇精讲】
normally在本句中用作副词,意为“通常,平常”,还可表示“正常”。
Normally he gets up at 7 o’clock.
他通常7点起床。
Her heart is beating normally.
她心跳正常。
【词汇拓展】
normal adj.正常的;一般的
return to normal恢复正常
below/above normal低于/高于正常水平
Her temperature is normal.她的体温正常。
He should be able to live a normal life.
他应该能够过上正常的生活。
It will take a long time before the people’s life returns to normal in the disaster area.
要过很长时间灾区人们的生活才会恢复正常。
The rainfall has been below normal for this time of year.
一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。
In 1885,Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve.(Page 59)
1885年,赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯出版了一本名为《记忆》的书,并提出了一个著名的遗忘曲线。
【词汇精讲】
publish用作动词,意为“出版;发表;刊登”。
Many of his novels have been published.
他的很多小说都已经出版了。
The latest unemployment figures will be published tomorrow.
最新的失业数字将于明天公布。
【词汇拓展】
come out出版;发表(无被动语态)
His new book will come out next month.
他的新书将于下个月出版。
I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature,such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.(Page 108)
我建议你尝试经典文学的简化版,比如小故事和用简单的英语重写的小说。
【词汇精讲】
recommend用作动词,意为“推荐;建议”。
He recommended reading the book before seeing the film.
他建议先看这本书,再去看那部电影。
I borrowed the book from the library last week,which my classmates recommended to me.
上周我从图书馆借了这本书,这是我同学推荐给我的。
Can you recommend a good dictionary
你能推荐一本好的词典吗
【词汇拓展】
(1)recommend sb to do sth建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth建议做某事
recommend sb sth= recommend sth to sb向某人推荐某物
recommend sb for sth推荐/介绍某人到……
recommend后接从句时,谓语动词用虚拟语气,其形式是should do(should可以省略)。
(2)recommendation n.推荐;建议
accept/reject a recommendation接受/拒绝一项建议
I recommend that he (should) see a doctor.= I recommend him to see a doctor.
我建议他去看医生。
We chose the hotel on their recommendation.
我们根据他们的推荐选了这家酒店。
I recommend him for the job.
我推荐他做这份工作。
As a result,we remember them much better,as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.(Page 58)
因此,我们能更好地记住它们,因为重述事件有助于修复我们记忆中的经历。
【词汇精讲】
as a result是固定词组,意为“作为结果”。
It was raining heavily;as a result,we had to stay at home.
由于下大雨,我们只好待在家里。
【词汇拓展】
as a result of 因为,由于
We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain.
由于下大雨,我们只好待在家里。
Many people lost their lives as a result of the earthquake.
由于发生了地震,很多人失去了生命。
According to him,the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.(Page 59)
据他说,记忆的丧失在学习后的早期阶段最为明显。
【词汇精讲】
sharp在本句中用作形容词,意为“急剧的,猛烈的;尖的,锋利的”,还可表示“敏捷的”。
There are several sharp bends in the road.
这条路上有好几处急转弯。
We’ll need a sharp knife to cut the beefsteak.
我们需要一把锋利的刀来切牛排。
It was very sharp of you to see that!
你能看到这一点,很有洞察力!
【词汇拓展】
sharpen vt.使变得锋利;使尖锐
sharpener n.磨具;削具
to read simplified classic works (Page 56)
阅读经典作品的简化本
【词汇精讲】
simplified用作形容词,意为“简化了的”。
The application forms have now been simplified.
申请表格现在已经简化了。
This is a simplified example,but it shows the pattern.
这是一个简化示例,但它演示了该模式。
【词汇拓展】
simplify vt.简化
simple adj.简单的
simply adv.简单地;简朴地;确实;仅仅
I grew anxious:what if the family had simply left the cat behind
我变得焦虑:要是那家人就是不要那只猫了呢
deal with unfamiliar words(Page 56)解决生词
【词汇精讲】
unfamiliar用作形容词,意为“不熟悉的,不了解的”。
She grew many wonderful plants that were unfamiliar to me.
她种了很多我不熟悉的奇妙植物。
She can’t speak Japanese and is unfamiliar with Japanese culture.
她不会说日语并且不熟悉日本文化。
The voice sounded unfamiliar to her.
那个声音她听起来很陌生。
【词汇拓展】
familiar adj.熟悉的
sb be familiar/unfamiliar with sth某人熟悉/不熟悉某物
sth be familiar/unfamiliar to sb某人对某物熟悉/不熟悉
It was a relief to be back in familiar surroundings.
回到熟悉的环境里让人松了一口气。
I am familiar with his style of design.= His style of design is familiar to me.
我很熟悉他的设计风格。
While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and should be encouraged,the low numbers of boys reading for enjoyment and their limited choices when they do,is evidence of an issue that needs to be addressed.(Page 66)
虽然所有形式的阅读肯定是有益的,并且应该加以鼓励,但是为了乐趣而阅读的男孩数量很少,而且他们的选择有限,表明了这是一个需要解决的问题。
【词汇精讲】
evidence用作名词,意为“证据,证明”。
The new evidence led to the thief being caught.
新证据最终使小偷被捉住了。
There wasn’t enough evidence to prove that he had stolen the money.
没有充分的证据证明他偷钱了。
Medical evidence shows that men are more likely to have heart disease than women.
医学证据表明男人比女人更容易患心脏病。
【词汇拓展】
evident adj.明显的
evidently adv.明显地
From the look on his face it was evident that the news came as a complete shock.
从他脸上的表情可以明显看出,这个消息让他感到很震惊。
Evidently,he has nothing to do with it.
很明显,他和这件事情毫无关系。
Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.(Page 67)
各国需要想办法激发男孩对阅读的兴趣,并确保他们从小就接触到各种各样的不同类型的文学作品。
【词汇精讲】
expose用作动词,意为“使接触;使体验”。
Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴儿受到强烈的阳光照射。
He smiled suddenly,exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
他突然一笑,露出一口洁白的牙齿。
【词汇拓展】
(1)expose...to...把……暴露在……
be exposed to接触;暴露于
(2)exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露
Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.
强烈的阳光暴晒会伤害身体。
Her skin was dry after exposure to the wind.
经过风吹后她的皮肤很干。
In countries such as Estonia, Latvia ,Lithuania and the Netherlands, the difference between boys and girls was most significant, where they found a 30% gap or more between the genders.(Page 66)
在爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛和荷兰等国,男孩和女孩之间的差别最大,男女差距达30%或更多。
【词汇精讲】
gap用作名词,意为“(大的)差距,差额,差别”,还可以表示“间隔;开口”。
There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.
床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。
The generation gap has become a common problem.
代沟已经成为一个常见的问题。
He went around the world in his gap year.
他在间隔年里周游了世界。
【词汇拓展】
bridge the gap,close the gap,narrow the gap都可表示“消除或缩小差距”。
a growing/widening gap不断加大的差距
a trade gap贸易差额
an age gap年龄差距
Parents and children should communicate more to bridge the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
父母和孩子应该多交流来消除他们之间的差距,这样他们就能更好地互相理解。
In places like Japan, boys and girls read for enjoyment at an almost identical level, with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading.(Page 66)
在日本这样的地方,男孩和女孩为了乐趣而阅读几乎在相同的水平上,54%的男孩和58%的女孩说他们喜欢阅读。
【句式剖析】
本句为简单句,其中with 54% of boys and 58% of girls reporting that they enjoy reading为with复合结构,其中动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
They were singing and dancing,with the fire burning in the middle.
他们围着燃烧的火堆又唱又跳。
The thief came in,with his hands tied back.
小偷走了进来,双手被绑在身后。
With a lot of work to do,I can’t go to the cinema tonight.
有好多工作要做,我今天晚上不能去看电影了。
He went to sleep with the windows open.
他开着窗户睡觉。
She left for work with the light on.
灯没关她就去上班了。
Who is the woman with a baby in her arms
那个怀里抱着孩子的女子是谁
【句式拓展】
在with复合结构中,不同形式的宾语补足语的用法不同。具体如下:
(1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行,和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
(2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成,和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作暂时没有发生,有将来的含义。
(4)形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语表示宾语的特征或性质。
In addition, it is important for me to make plans for the work I need to do.(Page 62)
此外,对我来说,为我需要做的工作做计划是很重要的。
【句式剖析】
本句为简单句,其中it is important for me to make...属于“It is/was+adj./n.+for sb+to do sth”句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。
It is dangerous for a new driver to drive on the icy road.
对于一个新手司机来说,在结冰的路面上驾驶太危险。
It is necessary for students to read more classic literature.
学生有必要多读一些经典文学。
It is a struggle for him to learn English well.
对他来说学好英语不容易。
【句式拓展】
(1)此句型中,“for sb”表示“对于某人来说”。注意be后面一定是描写事物性质的形容词。例如：
important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible,right,convenient等。
(2)It is/was+adj.+of sb+to do sth表示“某人做某事真是太……”。
此句型中的形容词一定是描述人的品质的。
例如：
good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,stupid,lazy,careful,careless,brave,cruel,honest,naughty,rude等。
Getting to know the secrets of our memory means learning not only the facts about it,but also the ways to improve it.(Page 62)
了解我们记忆的秘密意味着不仅要了解有关它的事实,还要了解提升它的方法。
【句式剖析】
在本句中,not only...but also...连接learn的两个并列宾语。
not only... but also...连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式采取“就近一致”原则。
All these will not only make you relax but also do good to your health.
所有这些不仅会让你放松,也会对你的健康有益。
He is not only a successful writer but also a great actor.
他不仅是一个成功的作家,而且是一个优秀的演员。
Not only I but also Mary is fond of watching television.
不但我而且玛丽也喜欢看电视。
【句式拓展】
not only放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构,但but (also)后的句子不倒装。
Not only do the workers want a pay increase,but also they want reduced hours.
工人们不仅想涨工资,还想减少工作时间。
Now I understand why we remember the events in childhood better than those that happened recently.(Page 62)
现在我明白了为什么我们对童年发生的事情要比最近发生的事情记得更好。
【句式剖析】
在本句中,those是代词,相当于“the +复数名词”,在本句中相当于the events。
Salaries here are higher than those in that country.
这里的薪水比那个国家的高。
The books on the shelf are more expensive than those on the desk.
架子上的书比桌子上的更贵。
【句式拓展】
that也有类似的用法,代替的是“the +单数名词/不可数名词”。
The population of this city is smaller than that of that city.
这个城市的人口比那个城市的人口少。
The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than that in the newspaper.
网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得快得多。