2023届高三英语二轮复习定语从句知识点梳理讲义-（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习定语从句知识点梳理讲义-（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 78.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-26 12:22:07 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
定语从句复习
一 基本概念
（一）概念： 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）
The man （who lives next to us）sells vegetable.
You must do everything （that I can do）.
（二）定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。
eg: He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。如果
后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。
eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.
My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.
注意：显然，去掉下划线部分定语从句，意思仍然没有多大影响。
★ that不能用于非限制性定语从句。
（三）要点 ：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：
① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose.
关系词的分类:
关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)
1. 引导定语从句
关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分
（四）基础知识学习
I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句
1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that
先行词在从句中作主语 ：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.
先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.
关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.
2.指物的关系代词: which / that
先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.
先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.
关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.
3.表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)
表示人的所有： The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有： I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
★the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词，下面三句意思相同，例如：
The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.
There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.
4.as作关系代词的用法
as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意：★ the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物
This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it
This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.
★ such…as… vs such…that…
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.
as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，
区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”
as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.
二 使用关系代词要注意的问题
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much， a little等；
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时；
⑤若前面有疑问词which,为了避免重复，关系代词用that。
1. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
2. Wow! Look at the man and his horse are running down the road.
练一练
1. There is nothing can prevent him from doing it.
2. The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
3. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
4. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ________ he knows.
2）用which而不用 that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物；
②引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思；
③介词 + 关系代词，只用which指物;
④先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.
1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.
2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
II. 关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句
Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess (where=at which)
There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when=during which)
The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when=in which)
They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=for which)
（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词 + 关系代词）
注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。 以the city 为例
(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语
(2) This is the city where I lived last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。
总结：关系副词 = 介词/介词短语 + 关系代词
1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand ”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
2. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who
C. as D. whom
3. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
练一练：
1. 用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空
1) The house ____________ lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers’ office.
2) The house___________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3) I always remember the days __________are my family’s birthday.
4) I always remember the days __________I lived with my grandparents.
5) Xiamen ____________ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.
6) Xiamen ____________we live in is a beautiful city.
7) Xiamen _____________ many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.
8) This is the reason______________ caused me late for school today.
9) I quite agree with the reason_____________ you told me.
10) I don’t believe the reason ____________ you were late this morning.
三 定语从句中易错点
由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：
1)、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。 如：
1．误Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
正Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．
2．误The book that you need it is in the library．
正The book that you need is in the library．
2)、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。 如：
1．误Anyone who break the law will be punished．
正Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．
2．误Those who has finished may go home．
正Those who have finished may go home．
3．误He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．
正He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．
4．误This is one of the rooms that is free now．
正This is one of the rooms that are free now．
3)、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。 如：
1．误Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
正Children who／that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
2．误The key opens the bike is missing
正The key that／which opens the bike is missing．
4)、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。 如 ：
1．误The house where he lives in needs repairing．
正The house where he lives needs repairing．
或The house he lives in needs repairing．
2．误I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．
正I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
或I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing．
5)、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。 如：
1．误I still remember the day when we spent together．
正I still remember the day that／which we spent together．
2．误This is the house where we lived in last year．
正This is the house which／that we lived in last year．
6)、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。 如：
1．误Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
正Have you asked her for the reason that／which may explain her absence？
2．误I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late．
正I don’t believe the reason that／which he has given for his being late．
7)、误将强调句型当定语从句。 如 ：
1．误It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
正It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out．
2.误Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come？
正Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come？
四 同步训练
1．Another new year is coming.It's up to all of us to fill it with things ____________promise progress and happiness.
2．Can Starbucks(星巴克)find a place in China，________ tea has been the preferred drink for hundreds of years
3．The World Wide Fund for wildlife is an organization ________ aim is to protect wildlife.
4．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
5．This is Mr.Smith，________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
6．—I can't find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning
—It was in the hotel ________ he stayed.
7．________ the survival of historic interests is under threat is known to us all.
8．The reason ________ so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is that it is particularly sweet.
9．________ important it is to combat pollution in the process of industrialization isn't mentioned at all in the article.
10．We are concerned about ________ she can finish it ahead of time.
1．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2．我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3．很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4．它表明了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心。(使用同位语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5．我最在乎的是和你在一起的美好记忆。(使用主语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
在下面短文中的空白处填上适当的连词，使短文意思通顺
A
Meet Lam Vinh，a young man 1.________lives in the village of Hoa Loe in Viet Nam.What’s 2.________he’s holding？You might call it his diploma.
Vinh received a flock of chickens from Heifer International after he graduated from a training programme at the Agricultural Training Centre for Orphans in Viet Nam.
These chickens lay beautiful eggs for Vinh.Sometimes he takes one of his chickens to market to sell，riding his bike with one hand down the dusty roads while holding on to the chicken with his other.
Vinh’s chickens mean everything to him.He lost both of his parents when he was barely old enough to walk.His grandmother did the best she could to take care of him，but often there was not enough money with 3.________ she could use to buy even one bowl of rice to share between them.Neighbours would give them food to stay alive.
In 1999，Heifer International and Cantho University opened a training centre in farming and agriculture for teenagers 4.________ have no parents.At the centre，Vinh learned creative ways 5.________ cows，rabbits，pigs and chickens can be used to produce food and income.
Vinh also learned how caring for animals and growing vegetables in his garden go hand in hand.The byproducts from the animals help the crops grow and keep away insects.The animals can eat the parts of the crops 6.________the farmer does not wish to use.
Vinh says，“My experience with Heifer International is the best thing 7.________ has ever happened to me.I have the knowledge to take care of my precious chickens.I can build their cages and vaccinate them so that they will lay many eggs and be healthy.I am strong now and have the skills to take care of myself and my grandmother.”
Vinh hopes 8.________ when he is older，he will be able to help other orphans find a new，better way of life，supporting themselves and giving to others.
定语从句复习
一 基本概念
（一）概念： 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）
The man （who lives next to us）sells vegetable.
You must do everything （that I can do）.
（二）定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。
eg: He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。如果
后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。
eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.
My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.
注意：显然，去掉下划线部分定语从句，意思仍然没有多大影响。
★ that不能用于非限制性定语从句。
（三）要点 ：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：
① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose.
关系词的分类:
关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)
1. 引导定语从句
关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分
（四）基础知识学习
I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句
1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that
先行词在从句中作主语 ：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.
先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.
关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.
2.指物的关系代词: which / that
先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.
先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.
关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.
3.表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)
表示人的所有： The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有： I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
★the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词，下面三句意思相同，例如：
The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.
There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.
4.as作关系代词的用法
as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意：★ the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物
This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it
This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.
★ such…as… vs such…that…
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.
as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，
区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”
as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.
二 使用关系代词要注意的问题
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much， a little等；
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时；
⑤若前面有疑问词which,为了避免重复，关系代词用that。
1. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
答案：that
解析：先行词the little 相当于the little thing ,带回从句中为：I have been able to do the little thing,先行词做do的宾语，故选择关系代词，又因先行词被little修饰，故只能用that不能用which，故填that
2. Wow! Look at the man and his horse are running down the road.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句中关系代词that和which的区别。先行词the man and his horse即指人，又指物，在从句中充当主语，故选择关系代词that。
练一练
1. There is nothing can prevent him from doing it.
2. The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
3. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
4. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ________ he knows.
Key: that that that that
2）用which而不用 that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物；
②引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思；
③介词 + 关系代词，只用which指物;
④先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.
1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.
答案：which
解析：考察非限制性定语从句。关系代词指代前面整个主句，且在从句中做主语，所以选择which。
2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
答案：which.
解析：因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容，做从句内动词forgot的宾语。
II. 关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句
Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess (where=at which)
There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when=during which)
The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when=in which)
They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=for which)
（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词 + 关系代词）
注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。 以the city 为例
(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语
(2) This is the city where I lived last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。
总结：关系副词 = 介词/介词短语 + 关系代词
1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand ”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
2. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who
C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
3. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。
练一练：
1. 用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空
1) The house ____________ lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers’ office.
2) The house___________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3) I always remember the days __________are my family’s birthday.
4) I always remember the days __________I lived with my grandparents.
5) Xiamen ____________ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.
6) Xiamen ____________we live in is a beautiful city.
7) Xiamen _____________ many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.
8) This is the reason______________ caused me late for school today.
9) I quite agree with the reason_____________ you told me.
10) I don’t believe the reason ____________ you were late this morning.
Keys:
which/that 2) whose 3) which/that 4) when
which/that 6) which/that/x 7) which/that/ 8) which/that
三 定语从句中易错点
由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：
1)、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。 如：
1．误Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
正Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．
译 我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。
析 应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom， who或that。
2．误The book that you need it is in the library．
正The book that you need is in the library．
译 你需要的书在图书馆里。
析 应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。
2)、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。 如：
1．误Anyone who break the law will be punished．
正Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．
译 任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。
析 应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。
2．误Those who has finished may go home．
正Those who have finished may go home．
译 做完了的人现在可以回家。
析 应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。
3．误He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．
正He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．
译 他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。
析 应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。
4．误This is one of the rooms that is free now．
正This is one of the rooms that are free now．
译 这是目前空着的房间之一。
析 应改is为are，因为one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms，而不是单数one。
3)、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。 如：
1．误Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
正Children who／that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
译 吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。
析 应加上关系代词who或that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
2．误The key opens the bike is missing
正The key that／which opens the bike is missing．
译 开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。
析 应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
4)、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。 如 ：
1．误The house where he lives in needs repairing．
正The house where he lives needs repairing．
或The house he lives in needs repairing．
译 他住的房子需要修理。
析 应保留where，删去从句中的in，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where，因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。
2．误I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．
正I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
或I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing．
析 应删去on，因为when在这里的意思是on which，否则介词on就重复了，或把when改为which。
5)、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。 如：
1．误I still remember the day when we spent together．
正I still remember the day that／which we spent together．
译 我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。
析 应改when为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。
2．误This is the house where we lived in last year．
正This is the house which／that we lived in last year．
译 这是我们去年住过的那个房子。
析 应改where为which或that，因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。
6)、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。 如：
1．误Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
正Have you asked her for the reason that／which may explain her absence？
译 你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？
析 应改why为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。
2．误I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late．
正I don’t believe the reason that／which he has given for his being late．
译 我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。
析 应改why为that或which，因为从句谓语动词has given后缺少宾语，而不是少原因状语 。
7)、误将强调句型当定语从句。 如 ：
1．误It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
正It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out．
译 大火发生在厨房。
析 应将where改that，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。
2.误Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come？
正Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come？
译 你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？
析 应将when改为that，因为，原句还原为Because it snowed last night， you didn’t come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。
四 同步训练
1．Another new year is coming.It's up to all of us to fill it with things ____________promise progress and happiness.
2．Can Starbucks(星巴克)find a place in China，________ tea has been the preferred drink for hundreds of years
3．The World Wide Fund for wildlife is an organization ________ aim is to protect wildlife.
4．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
5．This is Mr.Smith，________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
6．—I can't find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning
—It was in the hotel ________ he stayed.
7．________ the survival of historic interests is under threat is known to us all.
8．The reason ________ so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is that it is particularly sweet.
9．________ important it is to combat pollution in the process of industrialization isn't mentioned at all in the article.
10．We are concerned about ________ she can finish it ahead of time.
答案：1.that/which 2.where 3.whose 4.when
who 6.where 7.That 8.why 9.How 10.whether
1．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2．我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3．很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4．它表明了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心。(使用同位语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5．我最在乎的是和你在一起的美好记忆。(使用主语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：1.Consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much as those being engineers or teachers.
2．We students should often exchange ideas with our parents，who are rich in experience，and above all，love us most in the world.
3．I'm sorry I couldn't reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately.
4．It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families.
5．What I care most is the wonderful memory of being together with you.
在下面短文中的空白处填上适当的连词，使短文意思通顺
A
Meet Lam Vinh，a young man 1.________lives in the village of Hoa Loe in Viet Nam.What’s 2.________he’s holding？You might call it his diploma.
Vinh received a flock of chickens from Heifer International after he graduated from a training programme at the Agricultural Training Centre for Orphans in Viet Nam.
These chickens lay beautiful eggs for Vinh.Sometimes he takes one of his chickens to market to sell，riding his bike with one hand down the dusty roads while holding on to the chicken with his other.
Vinh’s chickens mean everything to him.He lost both of his parents when he was barely old enough to walk.His grandmother did the best she could to take care of him，but often there was not enough money with 3.________ she could use to buy even one bowl of rice to share between them.Neighbours would give them food to stay alive.
In 1999，Heifer International and Cantho University opened a training centre in farming and agriculture for teenagers 4.________ have no parents.At the centre，Vinh learned creative ways 5.________ cows，rabbits，pigs and chickens can be used to produce food and income.
Vinh also learned how caring for animals and growing vegetables in his garden go hand in hand.The byproducts from the animals help the crops grow and keep away insects.The animals can eat the parts of the crops 6.________the farmer does not wish to use.
Vinh says，“My experience with Heifer International is the best thing 7.________ has ever happened to me.I have the knowledge to take care of my precious chickens.I can build their cages and vaccinate them so that they will lay many eggs and be healthy.I am strong now and have the skills to take care of myself and my grandmother.”
Vinh hopes 8.________ when he is older，he will be able to help other orphans find a new，better way of life，supporting themselves and giving to others.
答案：1.who 2.that 3.which 4.who 5.in which/that 6.that/which 7.that 8.that
一 基本概念
（一）概念： 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）
The man （who lives next to us）sells vegetable.
You must do everything （that I can do）.
（二）定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。
eg: He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。如果
后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。
eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.
My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.
注意：显然，去掉下划线部分定语从句，意思仍然没有多大影响。
★ that不能用于非限制性定语从句。
（三）要点 ：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：
① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose.
关系词的分类:
关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)
1. 引导定语从句
关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分
（四）基础知识学习
I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句
1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that
先行词在从句中作主语 ：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.
先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.
关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.
2.指物的关系代词: which / that
先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.
先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.
关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.
3.表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)
表示人的所有： The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有： I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
★the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词，下面三句意思相同，例如：
The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.
There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.
4.as作关系代词的用法
as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意：★ the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物
This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it
This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.
★ such…as… vs such…that…
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.
as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，
区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”
as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.
二 使用关系代词要注意的问题
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much， a little等；
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时；
⑤若前面有疑问词which,为了避免重复，关系代词用that。
1. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
2. Wow! Look at the man and his horse are running down the road.
练一练
1. There is nothing can prevent him from doing it.
2. The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
3. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
4. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ________ he knows.
2）用which而不用 that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物；
②引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思；
③介词 + 关系代词，只用which指物;
④先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.
1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.
2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
II. 关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句
Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess (where=at which)
There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when=during which)
The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when=in which)
They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=for which)
（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词 + 关系代词）
注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。 以the city 为例
(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语
(2) This is the city where I lived last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。
总结：关系副词 = 介词/介词短语 + 关系代词
1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand ”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
2. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who
C. as D. whom
3. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
练一练：
1. 用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空
1) The house ____________ lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers’ office.
2) The house___________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3) I always remember the days __________are my family’s birthday.
4) I always remember the days __________I lived with my grandparents.
5) Xiamen ____________ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.
6) Xiamen ____________we live in is a beautiful city.
7) Xiamen _____________ many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.
8) This is the reason______________ caused me late for school today.
9) I quite agree with the reason_____________ you told me.
10) I don’t believe the reason ____________ you were late this morning.
三 定语从句中易错点
由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：
1)、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。 如：
1．误Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
正Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．
2．误The book that you need it is in the library．
正The book that you need is in the library．
2)、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。 如：
1．误Anyone who break the law will be punished．
正Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．
2．误Those who has finished may go home．
正Those who have finished may go home．
3．误He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．
正He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．
4．误This is one of the rooms that is free now．
正This is one of the rooms that are free now．
3)、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。 如：
1．误Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
正Children who／that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
2．误The key opens the bike is missing
正The key that／which opens the bike is missing．
4)、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。 如 ：
1．误The house where he lives in needs repairing．
正The house where he lives needs repairing．
或The house he lives in needs repairing．
2．误I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．
正I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
或I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing．
5)、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。 如：
1．误I still remember the day when we spent together．
正I still remember the day that／which we spent together．
2．误This is the house where we lived in last year．
正This is the house which／that we lived in last year．
6)、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。 如：
1．误Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
正Have you asked her for the reason that／which may explain her absence？
2．误I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late．
正I don’t believe the reason that／which he has given for his being late．
7)、误将强调句型当定语从句。 如 ：
1．误It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
正It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out．
2.误Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come？
正Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come？
四 同步训练
1．Another new year is coming.It's up to all of us to fill it with things ____________promise progress and happiness.
2．Can Starbucks(星巴克)find a place in China，________ tea has been the preferred drink for hundreds of years
3．The World Wide Fund for wildlife is an organization ________ aim is to protect wildlife.
4．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
5．This is Mr.Smith，________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
6．—I can't find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning
—It was in the hotel ________ he stayed.
7．________ the survival of historic interests is under threat is known to us all.
8．The reason ________ so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is that it is particularly sweet.
9．________ important it is to combat pollution in the process of industrialization isn't mentioned at all in the article.
10．We are concerned about ________ she can finish it ahead of time.
1．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2．我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3．很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4．它表明了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心。(使用同位语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5．我最在乎的是和你在一起的美好记忆。(使用主语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
在下面短文中的空白处填上适当的连词，使短文意思通顺
A
Meet Lam Vinh，a young man 1.________lives in the village of Hoa Loe in Viet Nam.What’s 2.________he’s holding？You might call it his diploma.
Vinh received a flock of chickens from Heifer International after he graduated from a training programme at the Agricultural Training Centre for Orphans in Viet Nam.
These chickens lay beautiful eggs for Vinh.Sometimes he takes one of his chickens to market to sell，riding his bike with one hand down the dusty roads while holding on to the chicken with his other.
Vinh’s chickens mean everything to him.He lost both of his parents when he was barely old enough to walk.His grandmother did the best she could to take care of him，but often there was not enough money with 3.________ she could use to buy even one bowl of rice to share between them.Neighbours would give them food to stay alive.
In 1999，Heifer International and Cantho University opened a training centre in farming and agriculture for teenagers 4.________ have no parents.At the centre，Vinh learned creative ways 5.________ cows，rabbits，pigs and chickens can be used to produce food and income.
Vinh also learned how caring for animals and growing vegetables in his garden go hand in hand.The byproducts from the animals help the crops grow and keep away insects.The animals can eat the parts of the crops 6.________the farmer does not wish to use.
Vinh says，“My experience with Heifer International is the best thing 7.________ has ever happened to me.I have the knowledge to take care of my precious chickens.I can build their cages and vaccinate them so that they will lay many eggs and be healthy.I am strong now and have the skills to take care of myself and my grandmother.”
Vinh hopes 8.________ when he is older，he will be able to help other orphans find a new，better way of life，supporting themselves and giving to others.
定语从句复习
一 基本概念
（一）概念： 修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）
The man （who lives next to us）sells vegetable.
You must do everything （that I can do）.
（二）定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。
eg: He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。如果
后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。
eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.
My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.
注意：显然，去掉下划线部分定语从句，意思仍然没有多大影响。
★ that不能用于非限制性定语从句。
（三）要点 ：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：
① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose.
关系词的分类:
关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)
1. 引导定语从句
关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分
（四）基础知识学习
I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句
1.指人的关系代词: who / whom / that
先行词在从句中作主语 ：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.
先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.
关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.
2.指物的关系代词: which / that
先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.
先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.
关系代词前有介词： Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.
3.表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)
表示人的所有： The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有： I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
★the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词，下面三句意思相同，例如：
The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.
There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.
4.as作关系代词的用法
as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意：★ the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物
This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it
This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.
★ such…as… vs such…that…
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.
as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，
区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”
as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
As was expected beforehand, the concert was very successful.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very high.
二 使用关系代词要注意的问题
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much， a little等；
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时；
⑤若前面有疑问词which,为了避免重复，关系代词用that。
1. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
答案：that
解析：先行词the little 相当于the little thing ,带回从句中为：I have been able to do the little thing,先行词做do的宾语，故选择关系代词，又因先行词被little修饰，故只能用that不能用which，故填that
2. Wow! Look at the man and his horse are running down the road.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句中关系代词that和which的区别。先行词the man and his horse即指人，又指物，在从句中充当主语，故选择关系代词that。
练一练
1. There is nothing can prevent him from doing it.
2. The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
3. This is the best film _______ I have ever seen.
4. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ________ he knows.
Key: that that that that
2）用which而不用 that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物；
②引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思；
③介词 + 关系代词，只用which指物;
④先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.
1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.
答案：which
解析：考察非限制性定语从句。关系代词指代前面整个主句，且在从句中做主语，所以选择which。
2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
答案：which.
解析：因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容，做从句内动词forgot的宾语。
II. 关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句
Do you remember the teahouse where we used to play chess (where=at which)
There was a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. (when=during which)
The days are gone when he was an ignorant boy. (when=in which)
They didn’t explain the reason why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=for which)
（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词 + 关系代词）
注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。 以the city 为例
(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语
(2) This is the city where I lived last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。
总结：关系副词 = 介词/介词短语 + 关系代词
1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand ”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
2. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who
C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
3. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。
练一练：
1. 用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空
1) The house ____________ lies in the back of our classroom is the teachers’ office.
2) The house___________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3) I always remember the days __________are my family’s birthday.
4) I always remember the days __________I lived with my grandparents.
5) Xiamen ____________ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.
6) Xiamen ____________we live in is a beautiful city.
7) Xiamen _____________ many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.
8) This is the reason______________ caused me late for school today.
9) I quite agree with the reason_____________ you told me.
10) I don’t believe the reason ____________ you were late this morning.
Keys:
which/that 2) whose 3) which/that 4) when
which/that 6) which/that/x 7) which/that/ 8) which/that
三 定语从句中易错点
由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：
1)、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。 如：
1．误Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．
正Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．
译 我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。
析 应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom， who或that。
2．误The book that you need it is in the library．
正The book that you need is in the library．
译 你需要的书在图书馆里。
析 应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。
2)、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。 如：
1．误Anyone who break the law will be punished．
正Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．
译 任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。
析 应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。
2．误Those who has finished may go home．
正Those who have finished may go home．
译 做完了的人现在可以回家。
析 应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。
3．误He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．
正He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．
译 他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。
析 应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。
4．误This is one of the rooms that is free now．
正This is one of the rooms that are free now．
译 这是目前空着的房间之一。
析 应改is为are，因为one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms，而不是单数one。
3)、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。 如：
1．误Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
正Children who／that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．
译 吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。
析 应加上关系代词who或that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
2．误The key opens the bike is missing
正The key that／which opens the bike is missing．
译 开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。
析 应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。
4)、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。 如 ：
1．误The house where he lives in needs repairing．
正The house where he lives needs repairing．
或The house he lives in needs repairing．
译 他住的房子需要修理。
析 应保留where，删去从句中的in，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where，因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。
2．误I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．
正I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．
或I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing．
析 应删去on，因为when在这里的意思是on which，否则介词on就重复了，或把when改为which。
5)、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。 如：
1．误I still remember the day when we spent together．
正I still remember the day that／which we spent together．
译 我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。
析 应改when为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。
2．误This is the house where we lived in last year．
正This is the house which／that we lived in last year．
译 这是我们去年住过的那个房子。
析 应改where为which或that，因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。
6)、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。 如：
1．误Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
正Have you asked her for the reason that／which may explain her absence？
译 你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？
析 应改why为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。
2．误I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late．
正I don’t believe the reason that／which he has given for his being late．
译 我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。
析 应改why为that或which，因为从句谓语动词has given后缺少宾语，而不是少原因状语 。
7)、误将强调句型当定语从句。 如 ：
1．误It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out．
正It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out．
译 大火发生在厨房。
析 应将where改that，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。
2.误Was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come？
正Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come？
译 你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？
析 应将when改为that，因为，原句还原为Because it snowed last night， you didn’t come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。
四 同步训练
1．Another new year is coming.It's up to all of us to fill it with things ____________promise progress and happiness.
2．Can Starbucks(星巴克)find a place in China，________ tea has been the preferred drink for hundreds of years
3．The World Wide Fund for wildlife is an organization ________ aim is to protect wildlife.
4．The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
5．This is Mr.Smith，________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
6．—I can't find Mr.Smith.Where did you meet him this morning
—It was in the hotel ________ he stayed.
7．________ the survival of historic interests is under threat is known to us all.
8．The reason ________ so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is that it is particularly sweet.
9．________ important it is to combat pollution in the process of industrialization isn't mentioned at all in the article.
10．We are concerned about ________ she can finish it ahead of time.
答案：1.that/which 2.where 3.whose 4.when
who 6.where 7.That 8.why 9.How 10.whether
1．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2．我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3．很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。(使用定语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4．它表明了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心。(使用同位语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5．我最在乎的是和你在一起的美好记忆。(使用主语从句)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：1.Consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much as those being engineers or teachers.
2．We students should often exchange ideas with our parents，who are rich in experience，and above all，love us most in the world.
3．I'm sorry I couldn't reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately.
4．It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families.
5．What I care most is the wonderful memory of being together with you.
在下面短文中的空白处填上适当的连词，使短文意思通顺
A
Meet Lam Vinh，a young man 1.________lives in the village of Hoa Loe in Viet Nam.What’s 2.________he’s holding？You might call it his diploma.
Vinh received a flock of chickens from Heifer International after he graduated from a training programme at the Agricultural Training Centre for Orphans in Viet Nam.
These chickens lay beautiful eggs for Vinh.Sometimes he takes one of his chickens to market to sell，riding his bike with one hand down the dusty roads while holding on to the chicken with his other.
Vinh’s chickens mean everything to him.He lost both of his parents when he was barely old enough to walk.His grandmother did the best she could to take care of him，but often there was not enough money with 3.________ she could use to buy even one bowl of rice to share between them.Neighbours would give them food to stay alive.
In 1999，Heifer International and Cantho University opened a training centre in farming and agriculture for teenagers 4.________ have no parents.At the centre，Vinh learned creative ways 5.________ cows，rabbits，pigs and chickens can be used to produce food and income.
Vinh also learned how caring for animals and growing vegetables in his garden go hand in hand.The byproducts from the animals help the crops grow and keep away insects.The animals can eat the parts of the crops 6.________the farmer does not wish to use.
Vinh says，“My experience with Heifer International is the best thing 7.________ has ever happened to me.I have the knowledge to take care of my precious chickens.I can build their cages and vaccinate them so that they will lay many eggs and be healthy.I am strong now and have the skills to take care of myself and my grandmother.”
Vinh hopes 8.________ when he is older，he will be able to help other orphans find a new，better way of life，supporting themselves and giving to others.
答案：1.who 2.that 3.which 4.who 5.in which/that 6.that/which 7.that 8.that