(共25张PPT)
Period 5 Focus on Language
语法精练
Unit 1 Life Choices
Learn about to do不定式and -ed/-ing形容词.
Do some exercises to strengthen the grammar.
Teaching Objectives
语法一:动词不定式
动词不定式是____________的一种,它没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等,但不能作______。其基本构成是____________,(有时to可以省略)。其否定形式:________________。不定式有形式和语态变化,一般式的被动式为:__________
非谓语动词
to+动词原形
谓语
not to+动词原形
to be done
1.作主语
观察例句,归纳用法
(1)As the saying goes, “To see is to believe”.
正如谚语所说:“眼见为实”。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek.
爱与被爱是一个人所能寻求的最大幸福。
归纳:动词不定式作主语时,表示_______________________。谓语动词用______。
具体的行为或将来的行为
单数
(2)It took me half an hour to work out the difficult math problem.
我花了半个小时才解出这道数学难题。
归纳:为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作_________放在句首,将不定式置于句末。
形式主语
(3)It is friendly of Mr Smith to make me feel at home in his house.
史密斯先生很友好,在他家里他让我有宾至如归的感觉。
It’s challenging for him to complete the task ahead of schedule.
对他来说提前完成这项任务很有挑战性。
归纳:在以上It is adj.+for/of sb. to do句式中。如说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话, 用________________________;若形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时,要用________________________如:
It is adj.+for sb. to do sth.
It is adj.+of sb. to do sth.
2.作表语
根据汉语提示补全句子
The aim of the activity is ____________ people’s awareness of environmental protection.
活动的目的是为了提高人们的环保意识。
My wish is ____________ in October in 2023 to experience its rich culture.
我的愿望是在2023年的10月份去中国,去体验一番它丰富多彩的文化。
to promote
to go to China
归纳:不定式用在________后作表语,其主语的中心词通常是aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,wish等,不定式往往说明主语的具体内容,且含有__________。
系动词
将来意义
3.作宾语
观察例句,归纳用法
(1)We tend to do what we are good at and enjoy.
我们倾向于去做我们擅长和喜欢的事情。
I expect to update my knowledge and get ahead this term.
在这一学期,我期盼着更新知识,取得进步。
归纳:不定式可以直接作及物动词的______,常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有:_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
宾语
agree,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,
learn,plan,prepare,promise,refuse,tend...
(2)Actually, I think it necessary for all the countries in the world to work together to build a peaceful world.
实际上,我认为世界各国很有必要团结起来,共同建造一个和平的世界。
归纳:不定式用在句式“主语+v.+it+adj./n.+to do sth. ”中,其中it为__________,to do sth. 为____________。能用于这一句型的动词有:_______________________________________________________。
形式宾语
真正的宾语
believe,consider,feel,find,make,suppose,think...
(3)We could do nothing but/other than wait.
除了等待我们别无他法。
They had no choice but to take up the challenging task and try to meet their expectations.
他们别无选择只能接受这项具有挑战性的任务,尽量去满足他们的期望。
归纳:动词不定式用在介词_________________后时,如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式________,反之就要带to,常见结构如:have nothing to do but ___/ have no choice but _____
but,other than
不带to
do
to do
4.作定语
(1)Attention,please. I have something important to say.
请注意,我有重要的事情要说。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
给我一张写字的纸。
归纳:动词不定式作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词_____; 如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的______。
后面
介词
(2)根据汉语提示补全句子
She is hard-working and is always ___________________________.
她很勤奋,每天总是第一个来。
After staying in China for 3 years,Mr Green __________________
______________.
在中国待了3年后,格林先生能够说汉语了。
Your way __________________ is different from mine.
你解决这个问题的方法与我的不同。
the first one to come every day
has the ability to
speak Chinese
to solve the problem
归纳:常用不定式做定语的几种情况:当中心词为_______、最高级、the last、the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式作定语;当被修饰的词是ability,effort,chance,promise,way等是_________时;
序数词
抽象名词
5.作状语
根据汉语提示完成句子
_____________________,he has been working very hard.
为了赶上别人,他一直在非常努力地工作。
___________________ the task in time,we work late into the night every day.
为了能及时完成任务,我们每天工作到深夜。
To keep up with others
To/In order to finish
The Californian ship arrived too late ___________________.
加利福尼亚邮轮到达得太晚,没能挽救更多的人。
___________________ that a four-year-old boy could sing so well.
看到一个4岁的孩子能唱这么好,我感到很惊讶。
归纳:不定式作状语多表示__________________等。表示原因、结果时一般不放于______。不定式作__________,常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后,如glad,pleased,sad,worried,excited等。
to save more people
I was surprised to see
目的、原因、结果
句首
原因状语
不定式短语表示结果时,常与______连用,暗示一种____________。如:
He hurried to the station,___________ the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
Mary hurried to school,______________ it was Sunday.
玛丽匆忙地赶到学校,结果被告知是星期天。
only
意外的结果
only to find
only to be told
6.作宾补
(1)We should encourage students to take part in some voluntary activities.
我们应该鼓励学生参加一些志愿者活动。
归纳:不定式常跟在动词之后作宾补,构成如encourage sb to do结构,常用该结构的动词有______________________________________________
_____________________等。
ask,advise,encourage,expect,invite,
notice,orde,warn...
(2)It will make plants grow quicker.
它会使植物长得更快。
Don’t let a child do whatever he/she wishes to.
千万不要让孩子想干什么就干什么。
归纳:不定式在使役动词和感官动词后作宾补时,常________。但是以上动词变为被动语态时不定式符号to_________。如:
Jack was often seen _______ with friends on the Internet.经常看见杰克在网上和朋友聊天。
省略to
to chat
不能省掉
7.不定式可以和疑问词连用,构成“who/which/what/how/when/...+to do”结构,在句中相当于名词,常作主语、宾语、表语等。
(1)______________ for Beijing hasn’t been decided.
什么时候动身去北京还没有决定。(作主语)
(2)He told us ______________ our lessons effectively.
他告诉我们如何有效地复习功课。(作宾语)
(3)The question is ________________ the young generation correctly.
问题是如何正确地教育年轻一代。(作表语)
When to set off
how to review
how to educate
语法二:-ed/-ing形容词
1.-ed形容词通常直接用于说明________,不用于形容事物,常见的-ed结尾的形容词有:__________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________等。
Not all of us were ___________ at the news he told us.
并不是所有的人都对他告诉我们的那条消息而感到害怕。
satisfied,ashamed,bored,tired,delighted,
excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,
worried,puzzled,amused,inspired
frightened
人的感受
Though he was a gentleman,this time she was quite ____________ at his rudeness.
尽管他是一个绅士,但是这次他的粗鲁令她相当吃惊。
The boy is __________ with his new knife because he has been wanting one for a long time.
男孩对他的新小刀很高兴。因为他一直想要一把。
After applying for a job,he often feels ________.
申请完一份工作后,他经常感到很紧张。
astonished
delighted
stressed
温馨提示 如果用来修饰smile,voice,look,expression,face等能表现出人的感情的名词,___________________。
Hearing the words,there was _____________ on the expert’s face.
听到这些话,那位专家的脸上露出了满意的微笑。
She told me the news in __________________.
她用非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
Seeing a snake,the woman has ________________ on her face.
看到一条蛇,这个女人的脸上露出了惊恐的神色。
a very excited voice
a satisfied smile
a frightened look
用-ed结尾的形容词
2.-ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物,表示__________________,若用来说明人,则表示此人__________________。常见的-ing结尾的形容词有___________________________________________________________________________________________________________等。
事物的性质或特征
具有此性质或特征
exciting,boring,tiring,frightening,interesting,moving,
surprising,worrying,puzzling,inspiring
Many of us usually think it _______ to revise the knowledge we have learnt.
我们中很多人通常认为复习我们学过的知识是很枯燥的。
Unfortunately, the injury on his back is becoming more and more serious, which is _________.
不幸的是,他背部的伤变得越来越严重,这令人担心。
boring
worrying