2023届高三英语二轮复习介词&介词短语重难点剖析与方法突破 (17-22)真题演练讲义（含答案）

2023届高考英语语法复习 介词&介词短语重难点剖析与方法突破
+（17-22）真题演练
介词&介词短语
考纲解读：
掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；
掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定结构；
掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
命题趋势：
高考对介词和介词短语的考查会趋于综合化，且主要集中在常见介词的基本用法上；
语法填空：主要考查介词的基本用法，兼顾对介词短语的考查。
短文改错：主要考查介词的误用、多用、漏用。
难点剖析：
难点1：同一介词所表达的多种含义
for
含义 例句
当作、作为 I like hotpot for dinner.
因为、由于 I’m grateful to you for helping me a lot.
支持、赞成 Are you for or against the plan
表对象、用途、目的 The knife is for cutting fruit. There is a letter for you.
表时间、距离 I often run for 800 meters in the morning. We drove on for a few hours.
表去向 The train for Xi’an is leaving.
注：for常用固定搭配——for example, for instance, for certain/sure, etc.
（2018 甘肃重点中学高三联考）Industry representatives there were showing products designed to meet China’s growing demand _____________ luxury cars and larger vehicles.
【答案】for
【解析】据语境和搭配来看，demand for“对...的需求”
off
含义 例句
从sp.落下/离开 I fell off my bike last Monday. Keep off the grass. Let’s take the picture off the wall.
（时空上）离...，在...不远处 The island is about 20 miles off the coast.
不想、戒掉 He is off cigarettes.
下班、休息 She comes off duty at 5:30pm.
脱离、偏离 The ship was blown off the course. What he said was off the subject.
（2014 重庆）She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _____________ the road.
【答案】off
【解析】句意：“她开车开得太快了，在拐弯处汽车几乎偏离了公路。”off在此处表“偏离、脱离”。
against
含义 例句
反对、违背 He’s been against the idea from the beginning.
碰、撞、倚、靠 Rain beats against the window. He stood against the wall.
迎着、逆着 They sailed against the wind.
与...比赛/竞争 They’ll play against the team next Sunday.
在...的衬托下、以...为背景 The mountain looks so great against the blue sky.
以防 They took precautions against fire.
with
含义 例句
与、同、和...一起 She came with a piece of good news.
具有、带有 At the end of the trip, I came home with a sense of fulfillment.
随着... Wine improves with age, which is true of friendship.
表覆盖有或装有 Fill the bottle with water.
顺着、与...方向一致 We sailed with the wind.
用于“with+宾语+宾补”结构中 With weather permitting, we’ll go there.
beyond
含义 例句
表位置，“在..的那边，在更远处” The sea is beyond the hill.
表时间，“迟于、晚于” Some shops keep open beyond midnight.
表范围、水平、限度、能力等， “超出，为...所不能及” The book is beyond my reach. This lecture is beyond his ability/capability. They won beyond our expectations.
用于否定句和疑问句中，“除...之外” She knew nothing beyond what I told her.
难点2：介词的省略
当时间名词前有this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all, etc., 介词常省略。
（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
【答案】去掉on
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。
表时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词表“每一...”，其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
习惯搭配中介词的省略：
短语 含义
have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time + (in) doing sth.
waste some time + (in) doing sth.
spend some time + (in) doing sth.
be busy + (in) doing sth.
stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
...
I had great difficulty ________________(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
【答案】(in) finding
难点3：介词不可省略/遗漏的情况
在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏
He has been taken good care _____________ in the countryside.
【答案】of
当非谓语动词表被动意义时，相关介词也不可省
The situation is well worth paying attention ______________.
【答案】to
在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为vi.时，须加上介词
The library which we often go _____________ is not far away from our school.
【答案】to
（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __________,through agriculture.56．
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
(2016·浙江，7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在……的文化中。
在too...to, ...enough to ..., so ... as to...等结构中，含有vi.的不定式作结果状语，构成不定式的v.为vi.，且该v.与主语构成动宾关系或主语为不定式动作所发生的地点时，介词不能省略：The ice is too thin to skate _______________.
【答案】on
含有vi.的不定式在adj.(easy, hard, comfortable, etc.)后作状语，且构成不定式的v.与句子主语存在动宾关系或主语时不定式动作发生的地点时，介词常不能省：
He is difficult to work _____________.
The lake is of great danger to swim ____________.
【答案】with, in.
方法突破：
方法1：分析具体语境，注意介词含义
考查介词时常设有语境，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案
We should talk about the things _____________ the children’s understanding in a simple way.
【答案】beyond
【解析】句意：“我们应用一种简单的方式谈论超出了儿童理解能力的事物。”beyond“超出，为...所不能及”，符合句意。
方法2：积累介词的用法，注意一词多义
介词搭配灵活、意义丰富；一介词有多种用法，一意思可用不同介词表达，注意整理、积累，学会介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，据语境灵活选用。
You should fly your kite _____________ the wind, or it can not fly high.
【答案】against
【解析】句意：“你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。”against“逆着、迎着”，符合语境。
方法3：体会英语本义，注意介词的固定搭配
系统学习并掌握同一介词与不同v.、n.、adj.搭配构成的短语。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, 71,
42. (award) the prize several months ago for pioneering creative methods of raising fish that are rich 43. nutrients and convincing more people in developing countries to add fish to their diets.
【答案】was awarded; in
【解析】42. 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语several months ago可知，空处应用一般过去时；主语与award是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was awarded。
43. 考查介词。be rich in“富含……”为固定搭配，故填in。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）89 of the scheduled 110 performances will be given 45. public in major theaters in the Mexican city of Guanajuato, the rest of which will be broadcast online, Aymerich said.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。在预先安排好的110场演出中，有89场将在墨西哥瓜纳华托市的大剧院公开上演，其余的将在线播放。in public“公开”，是固定搭配。
In some case, different approaches ___________ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.
【答案】to
【解析】句意：“在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的推测。 an approach to ...“一个...的方法”，为固定搭配。
*在语法填空中的技法点拨：
据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系；
据语境含义结合介词用法；
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷四）43. hard skills, soft skills are often less job-specific and harder to learn.
【答案】Unlike
【解析】考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示与硬技能不同，故填Unlike。unlike“与……不同”。
据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;
据介词与v.、adj.、n.等的搭配——注意积累介词短语。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）However, drivers can still drive across the lake safely 48. watching the guardrails(防撞护栏) fixed on either side of the road.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。此处表示驾驶者通过看路旁的防撞护栏可以安全驶过鄱阳湖。故用介词by表示方式。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）Beijing also shows the modern life to the highest degree, with towering buildings and the cultural relics(遗迹) coexisting 43. perfect harmony.
【答案】 in
【解析】考查介词。in harmony是固定搭配，表示“融洽地，和谐地”，故填in。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）The many successful bird conservation activities which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is a part 50. with partners are the very examples.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。分析句子结构可知，“which the U.S. Fish… partners”是定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，故空处应是介词。be (a) part of“是……的一部分”，是固定搭配。
*在短文改错中的技法点拨：
1.看有无介词，意义不同：know sb. - know about sb., shoot sb. - shoot at sb.；
2.勿画蛇添足，介词滥用：enter the room, return your book, serve the people;
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
On arrival, we threw us into work, helping the farmers feed on pigs and collect eggs.
【答案】删掉feed与pigs之间的on
【解析】feed“喂养，饲养”是及物动词，feed on“以……为食”。
3.莫张冠李戴，中英混用：be caught in the rain(by:X), leave for sp.(to: X);
4.别丢三落四，结构缺失：look down upon(别丢upon), drop in on sb.(别丢in)。
（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Who will you go in times of trouble .
【答案】go后面加上to
【解析】考查固定搭配。go to sb.表示想某人寻求帮助，故go后面加上to。
（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
【答案】a lot后加上from
【解析】考查介词。根据句子中的benefit及doing可知，考查benefit… from…的固定用法，表示 "从……中收获到……" 。故在a lot后加上from。
莫受汉语思维影响：在墙上(有一个洞),英语应用in the wall而不是on the wall
6.熟记介词短语搭配及辨析：
（2021·河南六市第一次联考) Just at that time，an old lady handed me with a mask，telling me not to worry.
【答案】去掉with
【解析】考查固定搭配。Hand sb sth. 递给某人某物
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷三）In addition, people here are friendly and politely, who always lend a willing hand with others.
【答案】with → to
【解析】lend a hand to sb.“帮助某人”。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
Never did you give up, what happened. And that pays out.
【答案】out → off
【解析】此处表示那奏效了，应用pay off。pay out表示“支付，偿付”。
介词与介词短语2017-2022高考真题演练
2022年高考真题
1.（2022年新高考1卷）Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案： as
解析：考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
2.（2022全国甲卷） He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案： from
解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
3.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
答案： by
解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】 in
【解析】考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段时间，故填 in。
2.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Who will you go in times of trouble .
【答案】go后面加上to
【解析】考查固定搭配。go to sb.表示想某人寻求帮助，故go后面加上to。
3.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意：……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填of。
4.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现1985-2017年间，男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少，故答案为by。
5.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser...
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。buy sth. for +价格，表示以什么价格购买某物。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
6.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help.
【答案】去掉out
【解析】考查固定搭配。turn to sb. For help表示想某人寻求帮助，故turn后面去掉out。
7.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
【答案】a lot后加上from
【解析】考查介词。根据句子中的benefit及doing可知，考查benefit… from…的固定用法，表示 "从……中收获到……" 。故在a lot后加上from。
2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
【答案】将off改为on
【解析】考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为n。
2.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
3.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
【答案】去掉on
【解析】考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。
4.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
【答案】将yours改为your
【解析】考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
5.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70． earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
6.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换；B. in answer to回答；C. in contact with接触，与……有联系；D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
7．（2020·天津卷单项填空）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of
C．at the mercy of D．on the side of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状；B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配；D. on the side of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
8.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
9.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56． ，through agriculture.56．
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
3.【2019·新课标Ⅱ卷·短文改错】When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
【答案】　When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
4.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
5.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
区分：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。
2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但它毕竟还是去了。at first 首先；after all毕竟，终究；above all首先；at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，所以选B。
3.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows ______the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。
4.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】 for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
2017年高考真题
1.【2017·天津卷】12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
【答案】A
【解析】 考查介词辨析。句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间； be against 反对； be behind 在后面； be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。
2.【2017·天津卷】13. We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard.
A. On average B. At best C. in return D. After all
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：“我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。”A平均；B最多，充其量； C作为回报；D毕竟，终究。故据句意选C。
【2017·江苏卷】32.Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。故选D。
4.【2017·北京卷】35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】B
试题分析：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。