2023届高考英语二轮专题 时态和语态 于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接讲义 （含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮专题 时态和语态 于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接讲义 （含答案） |  | |
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2023届高考英语语法复习
时态&语态于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接
时态&语态
考纲解读：
了解并正确运用常考的10种时态，尤其熟练运用一现、一过、现完、过完、一将等高频时态；
掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现完和一过等；
熟知各种时态的被动语态的形式和用法及主动形式表示被动意义的用法。
命题趋势：
以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅；
在语法填空和短文改错中侧重考查一般时；
v.的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高额语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确，常是根据所设置的语境中上下文的信息判断时态及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系；
主谓一致一般会与v.的时态和语态放在一起考查。
*在语法填空中的技法点拨：
慧眼识别标志词；
细心辨析语境，瞻前顾后找并列；
牢记固定句式，主从时态要呼应；
把握逻辑关系，分析主动或被动。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, 71, 42. (award) the prize several months ago for pioneering creative methods of raising fish that are rich in nutrients and convincing more people in developing countries to add fish to their diets.
【答案】42. was awarded
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据时间状语several months ago可知，空处应用一般过去时；主语与award是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was awarded。
The changes she helped bring about 50. (make) a significant difference in the diets and incomes of some of the world’s most vulnerable(易受伤的) people up to now.
【答案】50. have made
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语up to now可知，空处应用现在完成时，主语是changes，故谓语动词用复数形式。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
As an influential event of performing arts in Latin America, the International Cervantino Festival 48. (take) place annually since 1972. Due to some reason, all of the offline events 49. (abandon) in 2020.
【答案】48. has taken
【解析】考查时态。根据句中的时间状语since 1972可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has taken。
【答案】49. were abandoned
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处陈述发生在2020年的事情，应用一般过去时；abandon与events之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were abandoned。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷三）
In the past 30 years, a lot of things 43. (change), not only fashion, culture, sport and music, but also what we know about the links between diet and the risks of developing cancer. ... The data show that we 47. (buy) less tea and less red meat now than we did in 1992.
【答案】43. have changed
【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“In the past 30 years”可知此处用现在完成时。
【答案】47. are buying
【解析】考查时态。根据句中的now和下文的“is being consumed”可知，此处用现在进行时。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷四）
For example, as you look for jobs, you may find that specific soft skills 45. (list) in the “required” or “desired” sections of the job posts.
... For example, when answering a question like “Tell me about a time you 48. (overcome) difficulties”, you might talk about your problem-solving skills.
【答案】45. are listed
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；soft skills与list之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填are listed。
【答案】48. overcame
【解析】考查时态。根据语境并结合常识可知，面试时会问参加面试者以前的经历，因此此处应是让参加面试者讲述之前克服困难的经历。描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填overcame。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
About 8% of those bird species 45. (list) as either threatened or endangered not long ago.
【答案】45. were listed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“not long ago”可知用一般过去时；主语是“About 8% of those bird species”，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；list与主语是被动关系，应用被动语态。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
The remarkable development of this city which 49. (design) to protect the past while looking forward to the future means it always has something new to offer.
【答案】49. is designed
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语和design之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is designed。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷八）
When Shui 45. (take) over the national team, no one expected her to be a difference maker in such a short time.
Although the players 48. (accomplish) much under the guidance of Shui till now, Shui hopes the players and fans can calm down.
【答案】45. took
【解析】考查时态。根据主句所用的一般过去时可知，从句也用一般过去时。
【答案】48. have accomplished
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据时间状语till now可知此处应用现在完成时，且the players 与accomplish是主动关系，故填have accomplished。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
Bamboo drifting 42. (date) back over 2,000 years and originated in the Chishui River area of Guizhou. ... Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting 45. (create).
【答案】42. dates
【解析】考查时态。独竹漂发源于贵州赤水河流域，已有两千多年历史。date back (to)“追溯到”，常与一般现在时连用，故填dates。
【易错点拨】思维定式——本题易误填dated。部分考生看到下文中的“originated”就以为此处也应用一般过去时，但是忽略了 date back (to)表示“追溯到”时需用一般现在时。
【答案】45. was created
【解析】考查时态和语态。后来，当地人开始以此进行比赛，“独木漂”比赛也就此诞生。此处陈述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；create与game之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was created。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
Then in a few days, the entire road 50. (flood) with the continuously rising water. A few months later, the road will reappear.
【答案】50. will be flooded
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据时间状语in a few days可知此处用一般将来时，flood“淹没”与the entire road之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
*在短文改错中的技法点拨：
检查文中每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文语境及该句的时间状语是否一致；
查语态是否正确：
1)检查vt.之后是否有宾语，如无宾语应用被动语态；
2)vi.(短语)不能用于被动语态；
3)检查被动语态中是否缺少be动词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
Last term, nothing goes well in my study.
【答案】goes → went
【解析】根据时间状语Last term可知用一般过去时。故将goes改为went。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
Knowing that you took part in the Mandarin Speech Contest and getting the first prize, I’m writing to congratulate to you!
【答案】getting → got
【解析】此处与took并列，应用got。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷三）
An English contest on a theme of “I’m Proud of My Motherland” would be held in our school.
【答案】A → The
【解析】此处特指“我为祖国骄傲”这一主题，故用定冠词the。
【答案】would → will
【解析】根据下文可知，英语演讲比赛尚未举行，应用一般将来时。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
The Chinese athletes have trained hardly all the year round and manage to overcome difficulty after difficulty.
【答案】manage → managed
【解析】此处and连接两个并列的分词trained和managed。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
I together with some other schoolmate went to a farm last Sunday. We had a meaningful but unforgettable day. That morning we meet at the school gate and set off for the farm.
【答案】meet → met
【解析】last Sunday表明此处为过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
As we all know, books were a treasure house of human thought, from what we can know every corner of the world.
【答案】were → are
【解析】此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。
【答案】what → which
【解析】此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是表示物的books，故应用which。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
One hot day, while I walked out of my house he was sweeping the street as usually. I put a bottle of water in his hand after I say hello. He looked at me with surprised eye.
【答案】say → said
【解析】这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
时态&语态 2018-2022高考真题演练
2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2.（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3（2022全国甲卷）
In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案：has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
4.（2022全国乙卷）
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
答案：addressed
解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
5（2022年浙江卷1月）
Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
6（2022年浙江卷1月）
But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
7（2022年浙江卷1月）
On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案：42. was fixing 43. threw
解析：【42题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】考查谓语动词过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
5.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
9.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）
One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble
【答案】are改为is；
【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为one of the questions，表示问题中的一个，是单数意义，谓语动词应为单数，故are改为is。
10.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
把hopes改为hope
考查省略句。分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故hope应用动词原形形式。故把hopes改为hope。
11.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】把tidying改为tidy
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据句中的and可知，water和tidy应为并列动作，所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。
12.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）
We quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A. have done B. will do C. had done D. were doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句"now let's take a break."可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
13.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）
Currently, about 35, 000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A. were displaying B. are displaying C. were being displayed D. are being displayed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据本空前的Currently可知，应该用现在进行时。又因为display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动形式。故选：D。
2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
3．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
4．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
5．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
6.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
9.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
11．（2020·天津卷单项填空）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
12．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
13.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
14.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态、语和主谓一致态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
7.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】have made
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
10.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here I haven’t seen you around
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
6.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
7.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
8.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
9.【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
9.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，所以应该应该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
10.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
11.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
时态&语态于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接
时态&语态
考纲解读：
了解并正确运用常考的10种时态，尤其熟练运用一现、一过、现完、过完、一将等高频时态；
掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现完和一过等；
熟知各种时态的被动语态的形式和用法及主动形式表示被动意义的用法。
命题趋势：
以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅；
在语法填空和短文改错中侧重考查一般时；
v.的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高额语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确，常是根据所设置的语境中上下文的信息判断时态及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系；
主谓一致一般会与v.的时态和语态放在一起考查。
*在语法填空中的技法点拨：
慧眼识别标志词；
细心辨析语境，瞻前顾后找并列；
牢记固定句式，主从时态要呼应；
把握逻辑关系，分析主动或被动。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, 71, 42. (award) the prize several months ago for pioneering creative methods of raising fish that are rich in nutrients and convincing more people in developing countries to add fish to their diets.
【答案】42. was awarded
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据时间状语several months ago可知，空处应用一般过去时；主语与award是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was awarded。
The changes she helped bring about 50. (make) a significant difference in the diets and incomes of some of the world’s most vulnerable(易受伤的) people up to now.
【答案】50. have made
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语up to now可知，空处应用现在完成时，主语是changes，故谓语动词用复数形式。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
As an influential event of performing arts in Latin America, the International Cervantino Festival 48. (take) place annually since 1972. Due to some reason, all of the offline events 49. (abandon) in 2020.
【答案】48. has taken
【解析】考查时态。根据句中的时间状语since 1972可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has taken。
【答案】49. were abandoned
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处陈述发生在2020年的事情，应用一般过去时；abandon与events之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were abandoned。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷三）
In the past 30 years, a lot of things 43. (change), not only fashion, culture, sport and music, but also what we know about the links between diet and the risks of developing cancer. ... The data show that we 47. (buy) less tea and less red meat now than we did in 1992.
【答案】43. have changed
【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“In the past 30 years”可知此处用现在完成时。
【答案】47. are buying
【解析】考查时态。根据句中的now和下文的“is being consumed”可知，此处用现在进行时。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷四）
For example, as you look for jobs, you may find that specific soft skills 45. (list) in the “required” or “desired” sections of the job posts.
... For example, when answering a question like “Tell me about a time you 48. (overcome) difficulties”, you might talk about your problem-solving skills.
【答案】45. are listed
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时；soft skills与list之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填are listed。
【答案】48. overcame
【解析】考查时态。根据语境并结合常识可知，面试时会问参加面试者以前的经历，因此此处应是让参加面试者讲述之前克服困难的经历。描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填overcame。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
About 8% of those bird species 45. (list) as either threatened or endangered not long ago.
【答案】45. were listed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“not long ago”可知用一般过去时；主语是“About 8% of those bird species”，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；list与主语是被动关系，应用被动语态。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
The remarkable development of this city which 49. (design) to protect the past while looking forward to the future means it always has something new to offer.
【答案】49. is designed
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处描述客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语和design之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is designed。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷八）
When Shui 45. (take) over the national team, no one expected her to be a difference maker in such a short time.
Although the players 48. (accomplish) much under the guidance of Shui till now, Shui hopes the players and fans can calm down.
【答案】45. took
【解析】考查时态。根据主句所用的一般过去时可知，从句也用一般过去时。
【答案】48. have accomplished
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据时间状语till now可知此处应用现在完成时，且the players 与accomplish是主动关系，故填have accomplished。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
Bamboo drifting 42. (date) back over 2,000 years and originated in the Chishui River area of Guizhou. ... Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting 45. (create).
【答案】42. dates
【解析】考查时态。独竹漂发源于贵州赤水河流域，已有两千多年历史。date back (to)“追溯到”，常与一般现在时连用，故填dates。
【易错点拨】思维定式——本题易误填dated。部分考生看到下文中的“originated”就以为此处也应用一般过去时，但是忽略了 date back (to)表示“追溯到”时需用一般现在时。
【答案】45. was created
【解析】考查时态和语态。后来，当地人开始以此进行比赛，“独木漂”比赛也就此诞生。此处陈述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；create与game之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was created。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
Then in a few days, the entire road 50. (flood) with the continuously rising water. A few months later, the road will reappear.
【答案】50. will be flooded
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据时间状语in a few days可知此处用一般将来时，flood“淹没”与the entire road之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
*在短文改错中的技法点拨：
检查文中每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文语境及该句的时间状语是否一致；
查语态是否正确：
1)检查vt.之后是否有宾语，如无宾语应用被动语态；
2)vi.(短语)不能用于被动语态；
3)检查被动语态中是否缺少be动词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
Last term, nothing goes well in my study.
【答案】goes → went
【解析】根据时间状语Last term可知用一般过去时。故将goes改为went。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
Knowing that you took part in the Mandarin Speech Contest and getting the first prize, I’m writing to congratulate to you!
【答案】getting → got
【解析】此处与took并列，应用got。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷三）
An English contest on a theme of “I’m Proud of My Motherland” would be held in our school.
【答案】A → The
【解析】此处特指“我为祖国骄傲”这一主题，故用定冠词the。
【答案】would → will
【解析】根据下文可知，英语演讲比赛尚未举行，应用一般将来时。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
The Chinese athletes have trained hardly all the year round and manage to overcome difficulty after difficulty.
【答案】manage → managed
【解析】此处and连接两个并列的分词trained和managed。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
I together with some other schoolmate went to a farm last Sunday. We had a meaningful but unforgettable day. That morning we meet at the school gate and set off for the farm.
【答案】meet → met
【解析】last Sunday表明此处为过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
As we all know, books were a treasure house of human thought, from what we can know every corner of the world.
【答案】were → are
【解析】此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。
【答案】what → which
【解析】此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是表示物的books，故应用which。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
One hot day, while I walked out of my house he was sweeping the street as usually. I put a bottle of water in his hand after I say hello. He looked at me with surprised eye.
【答案】say → said
【解析】这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
时态&语态 2018-2022高考真题演练
2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2.（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3（2022全国甲卷）
In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案：has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
4.（2022全国乙卷）
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
答案：addressed
解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
5（2022年浙江卷1月）
Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
6（2022年浙江卷1月）
But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
7（2022年浙江卷1月）
On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案：42. was fixing 43. threw
解析：【42题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】考查谓语动词过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
5.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
9.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）
One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble
【答案】are改为is；
【解析】考查主谓一致。主语为one of the questions，表示问题中的一个，是单数意义，谓语动词应为单数，故are改为is。
10.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
把hopes改为hope
考查省略句。分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故hope应用动词原形形式。故把hopes改为hope。
11.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）
I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】把tidying改为tidy
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据句中的and可知，water和tidy应为并列动作，所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。
12.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）
We quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A. have done B. will do C. had done D. were doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句"now let's take a break."可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
13.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）
Currently, about 35, 000 works in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A. were displaying B. are displaying C. were being displayed D. are being displayed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据本空前的Currently可知，应该用现在进行时。又因为display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动形式。故选：D。
2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
3．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
4．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
5．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
6.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
9.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
11．（2020·天津卷单项填空）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
12．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
13.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
14.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态、语和主谓一致态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
7.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】have made
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
10.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here I haven’t seen you around
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
6.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
7.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
8.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
9.【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
9.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时，且主语为the country，所以应该应该用单数形式。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
10.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
11.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。