2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语 于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接 讲义（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语 于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接 讲义（含答案） |  | |
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2023届高考英语语法复习
非谓语动词于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接
非谓语动词
考纲解读：
了解三种非谓语动词的基本用法、时态与语态形式的变化及其句法功能，并能在具体语境中运用；
掌握非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语及补语时的区别。
命题趋势：
非谓语动词的考查仍是今后语篇型语法填空、短文改错的必考点；
从形式上看，动词-ing时考查的重点，过去分词、不定式是常考点；
从功能上看，非谓语动词作宾语是考查的重点，作状语、定语、补语、表语、主语是常考点。
方法突破：
方法1：分析结构，判断“谓语与非谓语”
先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，若句子不缺少谓语，则用非谓语。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
She said, “I realized small fish species 46. (contain) abundant nutrients like vitamins and minerals could be helpful.”
【答案】46. containing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，contain与species为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填containing。
方法2：寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的主谓/动宾关系
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
Chinese dance drama, Confucius, 42. (produce) by the state-level China National Opera &Dance Drama Theater, will represent Chinese performing arts as part of the virtual(虚拟的) activities.
【答案】42. produced
【解析】考查非谓语动词。produce和被修饰词为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。
方法3：分析所给动词表示的动作或谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序
据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。
to have done, having done：表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；
to be doing, doing：表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作（几乎）同时发生。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
45. (visit) it several times over the last 10 years, I became interested in this amazing city. ...
【答案】45. Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作状语，visit与I是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词。再根据后面的时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，此处强调 visit 这一动作发生在became之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
【临考锦囊】如何确定作状语的现在分词的时态看非谓语动词与谓语动词所代表动作的时间关系：
（1）若两者（几乎）同时发生或前者发生在后者之后，则用一般式doing；
（2）若前者发生在后者之前，则用完成式having done。
（2014 江西）He is thought _____________(act) foolishly. Now he has on one but himself to blame for losing the job.
【答案】to have acted
【解析】句意：“他被认为做了愚蠢的事，现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。”be thought to do sth. “被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。
*在语法填空中的技法点拨：
若句中已有非谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填v.用非谓语形式；
熟记三种非谓语v.作状语的基本区别；
牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的v.；牢记作介宾时用动名词；
作主语时，在句首一般用动名词；前面出现形式主语it时，一般用不定式；
非谓语动词转化的adj.作定语或表语时，弄清-ing与-ed形式的区别。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
She began research in Bangladesh in the 1980s while working 45. (improve) the lives of malnourished(营养不良的) people.
【答案】45. to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处表目的，应用不定式形式，故填to improve。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
The 49th International Cervantino Festival is scheduled 41. (occur) both online and offline this year, according to a news conference in Mexico City.
【答案】41. to occur
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be scheduled to do sth.“被安排做某事”，是固定用法。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷三）
As part of its thirtieth birthday, WCRF looked back on data collected annually by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs on weekly food purchasing 46. (see) changes of diets these years.
【答案】46. to see【解析】考查非谓语动词。世界癌症研究基金会回顾了这些数据，目的是研究人们饮食习惯的变化。故用不定式作目的状语。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷四）
You might often hear the term emotional intelligence 42. (throw)around when
discussing soft skills.
If the employer requests you 49. (provide) references, think of those that can speak to examples that 50. (absolute) prove your soft skills and other strengths.
【答案】42. thrown
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与emotional intelligence之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填thrown。throw around“把……挂在嘴边，念叨”。
【答案】49. to provide
【解析】考查非谓语动词。request sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，故填to provide。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service works with governments, conservation organizations, various industries, and the public 42. (preserve) the birds for future generations. ...
Many of the 1,093 species of birds 44. (protect) under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act are experiencing population decline.
【答案】42. to preserve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词works，空处是非谓语动词。美国鱼类及野生动物管理局与多方合作的目的是保护这些候鸟，故用不定式作目的状语。
【答案】44. protected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是“are experiencing”，故空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，protect 与“Many of the 1,093 species of birds”是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
The remarkable development of this city which is designed to protect the past while looking forward to the future means it always has something new 50. (offer). I will be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years and discovering more of it.
【答案】50. to offer
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处构成不定式的动词offer与something是动宾关系，但offer的逻辑主语it是不定式动作的发出者，故此处不定式用主动形式表被动含义。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷八）
When Shui took over the national team, no one expected her 46. (be) a difference maker in such a short time. ...
“The championship is honestly necessary and important for my players, with their confidence 50. (bring) back and abilities improved, but there’s still a long way to go for our team to become the top-level team in the world again.”
【答案】46. to be
【解析】考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”。
【答案】50. brought
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构，confidence与bring back之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
It’s a form of art — bamboo drifting (漂流), 41. (include) in the national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) list. ...
Yang combines dance with bamboo drifting and wears Hanfu in her performance 50. (increase) its attractiveness.
【答案】41. included
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这是一种艺术形式——独竹漂，它被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。include与其逻辑主语 bamboo drifting之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填included。
【答案】50. to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to increase。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
In southern China, there is a famous road 41. (build) across Poyang Lake, which lies in the north of Jiangxi Province, China and is known as China’s second largest lake. People in China also call it “the most beautiful road under the water”. ...
This mad is sure 43. (attract) a lot of attention towards the end of May every year. ... For thrill-seeking motorists, it’s like 49. (drive) an amphibious(水陆两栖的) super car.
【答案】41. built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰a famous road，且build和road之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填built。
【答案】43. to attract
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be sure to do sth.表示“一定会做某事”，故填不定式。
【答案】49. driving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处like为介词，介词后跟动词的-ing形式。
13. (石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）The water level of the lake is so close to the surface of the road, 45. makes the view ahead broad and bright when people drive along.
【答案】 which
【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
*在短文改错中的技法点拨：
prep.后的非谓语动词是否正确；
作主语和宾语的非谓语动词形式是否合适；
并列结构中的非谓语动词形式是否一致；
分词作状语时主动还是被动；
是否该有不定式符号to;
-ing与-ed形容词区别。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
Last term, nothing goes well in my study.
【答案】goes → went
【解析】根据时间状语Last term可知用一般过去时。故将goes改为went。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
I always remember what you’ve devoted to learn Mandarin.
【答案】learn → learning
【解析】devote sth. to…“把……用于……”结构中的to是介词，故应用-ing形式。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷四）
When discussing cities worth visited in China, many people recommend Beijing.
【答案】visited → visiting
【解析】worth doing“（某事）值得做”。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
As a student, I’ll follow their example, studied with great effort.
【答案】studied → studying
【解析】此处是非谓语动词作状语，且study与I是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
Reading not only enriches our mind and broadens our horizons, enable us to be more knowledgeable.
【答案】enable → enabling
【解析】此处是非谓语动词短语作状语，enable与Reading之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
Each morning, I see a cleaner wear a yellow uniform, responsible for cleaning the street near my house.
【答案】wear → wearing
【解析】此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰cleaner，cleaner和wear之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用wearing。
非谓语动词 2018-2022高考真题演练
2022年高考真题
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
4（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
5（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
6（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
7.（2022年浙江卷1月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
答案：astonished
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
8.（2022年新高考2卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
答案：falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
9.（2022年新高考2卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空） It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
【答案】 to plant
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】 living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系, 故答案为living。
9.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）China's National Highway 318, over 5, 000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road" for its amazing views.
A. to extend B. extended C. extending D. being extended
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为”天堂之路“。分析句子成分结构可知，is known as是整个句子的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。又因为extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间为主动关系，所以用extending。故选：C。
2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2.（（2020·新课标I卷短文改错））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
【答案】 frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3. （2020·新课标I卷短文改错）My mom told me how to preparing it
【答案】 preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
4. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
5. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
6. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】 to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
7. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67． (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
8. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
9.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
10. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
11. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
12. （2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
13．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。
14．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
15．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。
2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选A。
4.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
6.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football.
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
7.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】 being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
10.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
12.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。
14.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。
点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。
点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。
5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
7.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
【答案】62. to see ； 63.dying
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
8.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
【答案】sell改为selling
【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
10.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】64.looking；65.challenged
【解析】64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
11.【2018·新课标III卷·短文改错】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
【答案】wait改为waiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。
非谓语动词于Ⅱ卷题型中的技法点拨与典例链接
非谓语动词
考纲解读：
了解三种非谓语动词的基本用法、时态与语态形式的变化及其句法功能，并能在具体语境中运用；
掌握非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语及补语时的区别。
命题趋势：
非谓语动词的考查仍是今后语篇型语法填空、短文改错的必考点；
从形式上看，动词-ing时考查的重点，过去分词、不定式是常考点；
从功能上看，非谓语动词作宾语是考查的重点，作状语、定语、补语、表语、主语是常考点。
方法突破：
方法1：分析结构，判断“谓语与非谓语”
先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，若句子不缺少谓语，则用非谓语。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
She said, “I realized small fish species 46. (contain) abundant nutrients like vitamins and minerals could be helpful.”
【答案】46. containing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，contain与species为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填containing。
方法2：寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的主谓/动宾关系
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
Chinese dance drama, Confucius, 42. (produce) by the state-level China National Opera &Dance Drama Theater, will represent Chinese performing arts as part of the virtual(虚拟的) activities.
【答案】42. produced
【解析】考查非谓语动词。produce和被修饰词为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。
方法3：分析所给动词表示的动作或谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序
据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。
to have done, having done：表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；
to be doing, doing：表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作（几乎）同时发生。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
45. (visit) it several times over the last 10 years, I became interested in this amazing city. ...
【答案】45. Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作状语，visit与I是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词。再根据后面的时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，此处强调 visit 这一动作发生在became之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
【临考锦囊】如何确定作状语的现在分词的时态看非谓语动词与谓语动词所代表动作的时间关系：
（1）若两者（几乎）同时发生或前者发生在后者之后，则用一般式doing；
（2）若前者发生在后者之前，则用完成式having done。
（2014 江西）He is thought _____________(act) foolishly. Now he has on one but himself to blame for losing the job.
【答案】to have acted
【解析】句意：“他被认为做了愚蠢的事，现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。”be thought to do sth. “被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。
*在语法填空中的技法点拨：
若句中已有非谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填v.用非谓语形式；
熟记三种非谓语v.作状语的基本区别；
牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的v.；牢记作介宾时用动名词；
作主语时，在句首一般用动名词；前面出现形式主语it时，一般用不定式；
非谓语动词转化的adj.作定语或表语时，弄清-ing与-ed形式的区别。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
She began research in Bangladesh in the 1980s while working 45. (improve) the lives of malnourished(营养不良的) people.
【答案】45. to improve【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处表目的，应用不定式形式，故填to improve。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
The 49th International Cervantino Festival is scheduled 41. (occur) both online and offline this year, according to a news conference in Mexico City.
【答案】41. to occur
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be scheduled to do sth.“被安排做某事”，是固定用法。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷三）
As part of its thirtieth birthday, WCRF looked back on data collected annually by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs on weekly food purchasing 46. (see) changes of diets these years.
【答案】46. to see【解析】考查非谓语动词。世界癌症研究基金会回顾了这些数据，目的是研究人们饮食习惯的变化。故用不定式作目的状语。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷四）
You might often hear the term emotional intelligence 42. (throw)around when
discussing soft skills.
If the employer requests you 49. (provide) references, think of those that can speak to examples that 50. (absolute) prove your soft skills and other strengths.
【答案】42. thrown
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与emotional intelligence之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填thrown。throw around“把……挂在嘴边，念叨”。
【答案】49. to provide
【解析】考查非谓语动词。request sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，故填to provide。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service works with governments, conservation organizations, various industries, and the public 42. (preserve) the birds for future generations. ...
Many of the 1,093 species of birds 44. (protect) under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act are experiencing population decline.
【答案】42. to preserve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词works，空处是非谓语动词。美国鱼类及野生动物管理局与多方合作的目的是保护这些候鸟，故用不定式作目的状语。
【答案】44. protected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是“are experiencing”，故空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，protect 与“Many of the 1,093 species of birds”是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷六）
The remarkable development of this city which is designed to protect the past while looking forward to the future means it always has something new 50. (offer). I will be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years and discovering more of it.
【答案】50. to offer
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处构成不定式的动词offer与something是动宾关系，但offer的逻辑主语it是不定式动作的发出者，故此处不定式用主动形式表被动含义。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷八）
When Shui took over the national team, no one expected her 46. (be) a difference maker in such a short time. ...
“The championship is honestly necessary and important for my players, with their confidence 50. (bring) back and abilities improved, but there’s still a long way to go for our team to become the top-level team in the world again.”
【答案】46. to be
【解析】考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”。
【答案】50. brought
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构，confidence与bring back之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
It’s a form of art — bamboo drifting (漂流), 41. (include) in the national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) list. ...
Yang combines dance with bamboo drifting and wears Hanfu in her performance 50. (increase) its attractiveness.
【答案】41. included
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这是一种艺术形式——独竹漂，它被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。include与其逻辑主语 bamboo drifting之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填included。
【答案】50. to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to increase。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
In southern China, there is a famous road 41. (build) across Poyang Lake, which lies in the north of Jiangxi Province, China and is known as China’s second largest lake. People in China also call it “the most beautiful road under the water”. ...
This mad is sure 43. (attract) a lot of attention towards the end of May every year. ... For thrill-seeking motorists, it’s like 49. (drive) an amphibious(水陆两栖的) super car.
【答案】41. built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰a famous road，且build和road之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填built。
【答案】43. to attract
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be sure to do sth.表示“一定会做某事”，故填不定式。
【答案】49. driving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处like为介词，介词后跟动词的-ing形式。
13. (石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）The water level of the lake is so close to the surface of the road, 45. makes the view ahead broad and bright when people drive along.
【答案】 which
【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
*在短文改错中的技法点拨：
prep.后的非谓语动词是否正确；
作主语和宾语的非谓语动词形式是否合适；
并列结构中的非谓语动词形式是否一致；
分词作状语时主动还是被动；
是否该有不定式符号to;
-ing与-ed形容词区别。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷一）
Last term, nothing goes well in my study.
【答案】goes → went
【解析】根据时间状语Last term可知用一般过去时。故将goes改为went。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷二）
I always remember what you’ve devoted to learn Mandarin.
【答案】learn → learning
【解析】devote sth. to…“把……用于……”结构中的to是介词，故应用-ing形式。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷四）
When discussing cities worth visited in China, many people recommend Beijing.
【答案】visited → visiting
【解析】worth doing“（某事）值得做”。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷五）
As a student, I’ll follow their example, studied with great effort.
【答案】studied → studying
【解析】此处是非谓语动词作状语，且study与I是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷九）
Reading not only enriches our mind and broadens our horizons, enable us to be more knowledgeable.
【答案】enable → enabling
【解析】此处是非谓语动词短语作状语，enable与Reading之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词。
(石室中学2023届暑期安魂提分卷十）
Each morning, I see a cleaner wear a yellow uniform, responsible for cleaning the street near my house.
【答案】wear → wearing
【解析】此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰cleaner，cleaner和wear之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用wearing。
非谓语动词 2018-2022高考真题演练
2022年高考真题
1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
4（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
5（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
6（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
7.（2022年浙江卷1月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
答案：astonished
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
8.（2022年新高考2卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
答案：falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
9.（2022年新高考2卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空） It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
【答案】 to plant
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】 living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系, 故答案为living。
9.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）China's National Highway 318, over 5, 000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road" for its amazing views.
A. to extend B. extended C. extending D. being extended
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为”天堂之路“。分析句子成分结构可知，is known as是整个句子的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。又因为extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间为主动关系，所以用extending。故选：C。
2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2.（（2020·新课标I卷短文改错））I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
【答案】 frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3. （2020·新课标I卷短文改错）My mom told me how to preparing it
【答案】 preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
4. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
5. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
6. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】 to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
7. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67． (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
8. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
9.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
10. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
11. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
12. （2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。
13．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。
14．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
15．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.
A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。
2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选A。
4.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
6.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football.
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
7.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】 being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
10.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
12.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。
14.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。
点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。
点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。
5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
7.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
【答案】62. to see ； 63.dying
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
8.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
【答案】sell改为selling
【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
10.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】64.looking；65.challenged
【解析】64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
11.【2018·新课标III卷·短文改错】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
【答案】wait改为waiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
12.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。