2023年高考英语语法知识强化精品课件：构词法 课件-(27张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023年高考英语语法知识强化精品课件：构词法 课件-(27张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-09-26 15:04:38 | ||
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(共23张PPT)
英语语法---构词法
一、形容词变副词的后缀
变化形式 例词
一般情况下直接加-ly quick→quickly;fluent→fluently;stupid→stupidly
少数以-e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly;绝大多数以辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly true→truly;polite→politely;wide→widely;wise→wisely;
nice→nicely
以-y结尾的,且读音为 /i/, 先将y改成i,再加-ly; 但是如果读音为 /a /,则直接加-ly happy→happily;heavy→heavily;angry→angrily;
busy→busily; dry→dryly;shy→shyly
以-ic结尾的词,加-ally economic→economically;basic→basically
(例外:public→publicly)
以辅音字母加-le结尾时,去e加y;以元音字母加-le结尾时,直接加-ly simple→simply;terrible→terribly;gentle→gently;
possible→possibly;probable→probably;sole→solely
(例外:whole→wholly)
单句填空1.(2021·全国甲)The small pine added to the interest and I placed it _________ (central) to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest. 2.But such a small thing couldn't (possible) destroy a village. 3.He sat down and started (gentle) talking to the dog. 4.(2021·全国乙)Mr Titterton said, “ (lucky) I was able to catch them and put them back.” 5.Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies,but students themselves think (different). 6.(2021·全国甲)I found myself (complete) above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.
centrally
possibly
gently
Luckily
differently
completely
二、形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short →shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient →efficiency效率;功效 fluent →fluency流利;流畅
accurate →accuracy准确性 private →privacy隐私;私密
-dom free →freedom自由;自主 wise →wisdom明智;智慧
-ness weak →weakness虚弱;弱点 kind →kindness仁慈;好意
careless →carelessness粗心大意 dark →darkness黑暗
-th strong →strength力气;强项 warm →warmth温暖;热情
true →truth真相;真理 wide →width宽度
-y/-ty/-ity difficult →difficulty困难 cruel →cruelty残酷;残暴
safe →safety安全 disable →disability无能;残疾
responsible →responsibility责任
单句填空1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)In France, quality of life is much more important than _________ (efficient). 2.My English improved a lot;more importantly,I gained much__________ (confident). 3.Annan will be remembered for his ability and his (warm). 4.(2021·山东第一次)The (strong) of the program is its ability to offer courses that are specially designed to meet any student's specific needs and goals.
efficiency
confidence
warmth
strength
三、 动词、名词变形容词的后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的
fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的
reason→reasonable有道理的
-al/-ial face→facial面部的 benefit→beneficial有益的
music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的
person→personal个人的;私人的 center→central中央的;中心的
nature→natural自然的;天生的 form→formal正式的
nation→national全国的
-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的
harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的
peace→peaceful和平的 care→careful细心的
use→useful有用的 success→successful成功的
help→helpful有帮助的
后缀 例词
-(e)d scare→scared感到恐惧的
confuse→confused感到困惑的
puzzle→puzzled迷惑的
worry→worried担心的
beard→bearded有胡须的
talent→talented有才能的
underline→underlined加下划线的
balance→balanced均衡的
-ing surprise→surprising令人惊讶的
convince→convincing令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying令人满意的
worry→worrying令人担心的
bore→boring令人厌烦的
后缀 例词
-ible access→accessible容易达到的;容易取得的
horror→horrible可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible可怕的
-ive act→active积极的;活跃的
effect→effective有效的;生效的
attract→attractive有吸引力的
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
expense→expensive昂贵的
-ous continue→continuous不断的;持续的
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
caution→cautious十分小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious好奇的
humor→humorous幽默的
后缀 例词
-some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome麻烦的
-y taste→tasty美味的;可口的
health→healthy健康的
wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的
dirt→dirty有灰尘的;脏的
rain→rainy有雨的
sun→sunny阳光明媚的
cloud→cloudy阴天的
-ern east→eastern东方的;向东的
west→western西方的;向西的
-ish child→childish孩子气的
fool→foolish愚蠢的;可笑的
self→selfish自私的
-ic science→scientific科学的
economy→economic经济的
history→historic历史上著名的
单句填空1.(2021·全国乙)It is different from (tradition) tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas. 2.(2021·浙江1月)I was (scare) at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. 3.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)Before you open the book, make sure that you are__________ (comfort). 4.Not only the teachers but also the students find the website (benefit). 5.(2021·天津第一次)Today I am living a (create) life as the designer of my own fashion brand. 6.I don't think it's a (reason) practice for them to behave in that way in our society. 7.(2021·天津第一次)While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused so that you won't make any (danger) errors.
traditional
scared
comfortable
creative
reasonable
dangerous
四、动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-ion/-sion/-ation correct→correction改正
attract→attraction吸引
conclude→conclusion结论;结束
decide→decision决定
admit→admission接纳;准许入学
invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释
expect→expectation期望
-er/-or teach →teacher老师
announce→announcer播音员
conduct →conductor指挥;售票员
-ment punish →punishment惩罚
achieve→achievement功绩;成就
argue→argument辩论;论据
equip →equipment装备;设备
后缀 例词
-ance/-ence appear →appearance出现;外貌
perform→performance表演;节目
exist →existence存在;生存
prefer→preference偏爱
-ing hear →hearing听力;听觉
begin →beginning开始
-ure/-ture fail →failure失败
press →pressure压力
mix →mixture混合;混合物
depart →departure离开;出发
-y recover →recovery恢复;痊愈
discover→discovery发现
其他 choose →choice选择
vary→variety多样化;种类
tend→tendency趋向;趋势
单句填空1.(2021·全国甲)In a wired world with constant global____________ (communicate), we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Refused as I was, I still received some great_____________ (encourage), which gives me confidence to be a writer. 3.(2021·天津第一次)After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult__________ (decide)—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
communication
encouragement
decision
五、 形容词、名词变动词的前缀与后缀
前/后缀 例词 前缀 en- able →enable使能够
large →enlarge扩大
rich →enrich使充实;使丰富
danger →endanger危及
courage →encourage鼓励
后缀 -en broad →broaden使变宽
ripe →ripen使成熟
sharp →sharpen使尖锐
wide →widen加宽
short →shorten变短
deep →deepen加深
dark →darken使变暗
hard →harden使变硬
前/后缀 例词 后缀 -en broad →broaden使变宽
ripe →ripen使成熟
sharp →sharpen使尖锐
wide →widen加宽
short →shorten变短
deep →deepen加深
dark →darken使变暗
hard →harden使变硬
-ify class →classify把……分类
just →justify证明……正确
simple →simplify简化
beauty →beautify美化
-ize apology →apologize道歉
emphasis→emphasize强调
memory→memorize记住
real→realize认识到;实现
单句填空1.(2021·全国乙)First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to (broad) the horizon. 2.(2021·全国甲)I come to you, hat in hand, (apology) for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel. 3.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)We will also discuss the origins of felt(毛毡),what (able) wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use work. 4.If you want to live a simple life,you need to (simple) your mind. 5.(2021·浙江1月)He studied it and (real) he was looking at a town's central business district from a bird's-eye view.
broaden
to apologize
enables
simplify
realized
六 表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前/后缀 例词
dis- agree →disagree不同意
advantage →disadvantage缺点
appear →disappear消失
comfort →discomfort不舒适的
honest →dishonest不诚实的
il- legal →illegal不合法的
logical →illogical不合逻辑的
im- polite →impolite无礼的
patient →impatient不耐烦的
moral →immoral不道德的
in- formal →informal非正式的
convenient →inconvenient不方便的
direct →indirect间接的
ir- regular →irregular不规则的
responsible →irresponsible不负责任的
前/后缀 例词
mis- lead →mislead误导
understand →misunderstand误解
un- usual →unusual不寻常的
willing →unwilling不愿意的
happy →unhappy不高兴的
known →unknown不出名的
-less hope →hopeless绝望的
end →endless没完没了的
care →careless粗心的
help →helpless无助的
use →useless无用的
单句填空1.(2021·全国甲)Their answers also show that they (like) talking to others. They kept very much to themselves. 2.(2021·全国甲)Without my beloved beaches and (end) blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. 3.(2021·浙江1月)He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be_ (possible). 4.(2020·浙江1月)It reminds her that children don't enter life afraid to take risks or _________ (willing) to try again when they fall down.
dislike
endless
impossible
unwilling
02
提升演练
1.(2021·浙江1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _ (sharp). 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 3.(2021·浙江1月)This was a significant (different) between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. 4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)The twins were filled with (excite) as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day. 5.(2021·全国甲)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines.
sharply
undoubtedly
difference
excitement
daily
6.(2021·全国乙)Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ) But that's how nature is—always leaving us ________ (astonish). 8.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)I told him how _ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 9.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)I was so __ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 10.(2019·全国Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __ (poor) studied.
financial
astonished
harmful
excited
poorly
03
Thank you for listening!
英语语法---构词法
一、形容词变副词的后缀
变化形式 例词
一般情况下直接加-ly quick→quickly;fluent→fluently;stupid→stupidly
少数以-e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly;绝大多数以辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly true→truly;polite→politely;wide→widely;wise→wisely;
nice→nicely
以-y结尾的,且读音为 /i/, 先将y改成i,再加-ly; 但是如果读音为 /a /,则直接加-ly happy→happily;heavy→heavily;angry→angrily;
busy→busily; dry→dryly;shy→shyly
以-ic结尾的词,加-ally economic→economically;basic→basically
(例外:public→publicly)
以辅音字母加-le结尾时,去e加y;以元音字母加-le结尾时,直接加-ly simple→simply;terrible→terribly;gentle→gently;
possible→possibly;probable→probably;sole→solely
(例外:whole→wholly)
单句填空1.(2021·全国甲)The small pine added to the interest and I placed it _________ (central) to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest. 2.But such a small thing couldn't (possible) destroy a village. 3.He sat down and started (gentle) talking to the dog. 4.(2021·全国乙)Mr Titterton said, “ (lucky) I was able to catch them and put them back.” 5.Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies,but students themselves think (different). 6.(2021·全国甲)I found myself (complete) above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.
centrally
possibly
gently
Luckily
differently
completely
二、形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-age short →shortage不足;短缺
-cy efficient →efficiency效率;功效 fluent →fluency流利;流畅
accurate →accuracy准确性 private →privacy隐私;私密
-dom free →freedom自由;自主 wise →wisdom明智;智慧
-ness weak →weakness虚弱;弱点 kind →kindness仁慈;好意
careless →carelessness粗心大意 dark →darkness黑暗
-th strong →strength力气;强项 warm →warmth温暖;热情
true →truth真相;真理 wide →width宽度
-y/-ty/-ity difficult →difficulty困难 cruel →cruelty残酷;残暴
safe →safety安全 disable →disability无能;残疾
responsible →responsibility责任
单句填空1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)In France, quality of life is much more important than _________ (efficient). 2.My English improved a lot;more importantly,I gained much__________ (confident). 3.Annan will be remembered for his ability and his (warm). 4.(2021·山东第一次)The (strong) of the program is its ability to offer courses that are specially designed to meet any student's specific needs and goals.
efficiency
confidence
warmth
strength
三、 动词、名词变形容词的后缀
后缀 例词
-able accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的
fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的
reason→reasonable有道理的
-al/-ial face→facial面部的 benefit→beneficial有益的
music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的
person→personal个人的;私人的 center→central中央的;中心的
nature→natural自然的;天生的 form→formal正式的
nation→national全国的
-ful doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的
harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的
peace→peaceful和平的 care→careful细心的
use→useful有用的 success→successful成功的
help→helpful有帮助的
后缀 例词
-(e)d scare→scared感到恐惧的
confuse→confused感到困惑的
puzzle→puzzled迷惑的
worry→worried担心的
beard→bearded有胡须的
talent→talented有才能的
underline→underlined加下划线的
balance→balanced均衡的
-ing surprise→surprising令人惊讶的
convince→convincing令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying令人满意的
worry→worrying令人担心的
bore→boring令人厌烦的
后缀 例词
-ible access→accessible容易达到的;容易取得的
horror→horrible可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible可怕的
-ive act→active积极的;活跃的
effect→effective有效的;生效的
attract→attractive有吸引力的
impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
expense→expensive昂贵的
-ous continue→continuous不断的;持续的
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
caution→cautious十分小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious好奇的
humor→humorous幽默的
后缀 例词
-some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome麻烦的
-y taste→tasty美味的;可口的
health→healthy健康的
wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的
dirt→dirty有灰尘的;脏的
rain→rainy有雨的
sun→sunny阳光明媚的
cloud→cloudy阴天的
-ern east→eastern东方的;向东的
west→western西方的;向西的
-ish child→childish孩子气的
fool→foolish愚蠢的;可笑的
self→selfish自私的
-ic science→scientific科学的
economy→economic经济的
history→historic历史上著名的
单句填空1.(2021·全国乙)It is different from (tradition) tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas. 2.(2021·浙江1月)I was (scare) at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. 3.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)Before you open the book, make sure that you are__________ (comfort). 4.Not only the teachers but also the students find the website (benefit). 5.(2021·天津第一次)Today I am living a (create) life as the designer of my own fashion brand. 6.I don't think it's a (reason) practice for them to behave in that way in our society. 7.(2021·天津第一次)While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused so that you won't make any (danger) errors.
traditional
scared
comfortable
creative
reasonable
dangerous
四、动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
-ion/-sion/-ation correct→correction改正
attract→attraction吸引
conclude→conclusion结论;结束
decide→decision决定
admit→admission接纳;准许入学
invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释
expect→expectation期望
-er/-or teach →teacher老师
announce→announcer播音员
conduct →conductor指挥;售票员
-ment punish →punishment惩罚
achieve→achievement功绩;成就
argue→argument辩论;论据
equip →equipment装备;设备
后缀 例词
-ance/-ence appear →appearance出现;外貌
perform→performance表演;节目
exist →existence存在;生存
prefer→preference偏爱
-ing hear →hearing听力;听觉
begin →beginning开始
-ure/-ture fail →failure失败
press →pressure压力
mix →mixture混合;混合物
depart →departure离开;出发
-y recover →recovery恢复;痊愈
discover→discovery发现
其他 choose →choice选择
vary→variety多样化;种类
tend→tendency趋向;趋势
单句填空1.(2021·全国甲)In a wired world with constant global____________ (communicate), we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)Refused as I was, I still received some great_____________ (encourage), which gives me confidence to be a writer. 3.(2021·天津第一次)After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult__________ (decide)—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
communication
encouragement
decision
五、 形容词、名词变动词的前缀与后缀
前/后缀 例词 前缀 en- able →enable使能够
large →enlarge扩大
rich →enrich使充实;使丰富
danger →endanger危及
courage →encourage鼓励
后缀 -en broad →broaden使变宽
ripe →ripen使成熟
sharp →sharpen使尖锐
wide →widen加宽
short →shorten变短
deep →deepen加深
dark →darken使变暗
hard →harden使变硬
前/后缀 例词 后缀 -en broad →broaden使变宽
ripe →ripen使成熟
sharp →sharpen使尖锐
wide →widen加宽
short →shorten变短
deep →deepen加深
dark →darken使变暗
hard →harden使变硬
-ify class →classify把……分类
just →justify证明……正确
simple →simplify简化
beauty →beautify美化
-ize apology →apologize道歉
emphasis→emphasize强调
memory→memorize记住
real→realize认识到;实现
单句填空1.(2021·全国乙)First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to (broad) the horizon. 2.(2021·全国甲)I come to you, hat in hand, (apology) for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel. 3.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)We will also discuss the origins of felt(毛毡),what (able) wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use work. 4.If you want to live a simple life,you need to (simple) your mind. 5.(2021·浙江1月)He studied it and (real) he was looking at a town's central business district from a bird's-eye view.
broaden
to apologize
enables
simplify
realized
六 表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前/后缀 例词
dis- agree →disagree不同意
advantage →disadvantage缺点
appear →disappear消失
comfort →discomfort不舒适的
honest →dishonest不诚实的
il- legal →illegal不合法的
logical →illogical不合逻辑的
im- polite →impolite无礼的
patient →impatient不耐烦的
moral →immoral不道德的
in- formal →informal非正式的
convenient →inconvenient不方便的
direct →indirect间接的
ir- regular →irregular不规则的
responsible →irresponsible不负责任的
前/后缀 例词
mis- lead →mislead误导
understand →misunderstand误解
un- usual →unusual不寻常的
willing →unwilling不愿意的
happy →unhappy不高兴的
known →unknown不出名的
-less hope →hopeless绝望的
end →endless没完没了的
care →careless粗心的
help →helpless无助的
use →useless无用的
单句填空1.(2021·全国甲)Their answers also show that they (like) talking to others. They kept very much to themselves. 2.(2021·全国甲)Without my beloved beaches and (end) blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. 3.(2021·浙江1月)He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be_ (possible). 4.(2020·浙江1月)It reminds her that children don't enter life afraid to take risks or _________ (willing) to try again when they fall down.
dislike
endless
impossible
unwilling
02
提升演练
1.(2021·浙江1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _ (sharp). 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 3.(2021·浙江1月)This was a significant (different) between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. 4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ)The twins were filled with (excite) as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day. 5.(2021·全国甲)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines.
sharply
undoubtedly
difference
excitement
daily
6.(2021·全国乙)Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ) But that's how nature is—always leaving us ________ (astonish). 8.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)I told him how _ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 9.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)I was so __ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 10.(2019·全国Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __ (poor) studied.
financial
astonished
harmful
excited
poorly
03
Thank you for listening!