北师大版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Focus on Language 语法精练课件(41张ppt)

(共41张PPT)
Period 5　Focus on Language
语法精练
Unit 2　 Sports and Fitness
1.Learn about attributive clause(定语从句)and indefinite
pronoun(不定代词).
2.Do some exercises to strengthen the grammar.
Teaching Objectives
语法一：定语从句
一、概念
在复合句中作______的句子叫作定语从句，引导定语从句的关系词有两类：_________(who，whom，that，which，whose等)和_______
___(when，where，why)。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词、代词或整个主句之后，被修饰或限制的名词或代词叫_________。定语从句分为_______定语从句和_________定语从句。
定语
关系副
关系代词
词
作先行词
限制性
非限制性
Tom is an _______ ____ has a preference for badminton.
athlete
who
先行词
关系词
作用
连接主句和从句
替代先行词
在从句中充当主语
先行词 关系代词 在从句中所作成分
人 who __________________
_______ 宾语
that ___________________
_______ 定语
物 ____ 主语、宾语、表语
______ 主语、宾语
whose ______
二、关系代词的用法
主语、宾语、表语
主语、宾语、表语
定语
whom
whose
that
which
1.先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that引导，且不可省略。
We are worrying about the people ________ have suffered from the disease in the area.
我们正担心这个地区遭受疾病折磨的人们。
Those ______ have confidence in themselves tend to succeed in applying for the position.
那些相信自己的人在申请这个职位时更容易成功。
who/that
who
先行词指人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况：
观察例句，归纳用法
Anyone who aims to get ahead must work hard.
任何想成功的人都必须努力。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
There is a young man who wants to buy a skateboard.
有一个年轻人想买个滑板。
归纳：以下情况先行词指人时，宜用who不宜用that
(1)当先行词是指人的_________时，如：one，ones，anyone等。
(2)当先行词是___________________________等时(常用于谚语中)。
(3)当先行词为指人的_______时。
(4)在________结构中，先行词指人时。
不定代词
人称代词I，you，he，they
those
there be
2.先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用________________引导，可_____。
The boy (who/that/whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
He is the expert (who/that/whom) I mentioned to you yesterday.
他就是我昨天向你提到的那个专家。
who/that/whom
省略
温馨提示
先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom引导，且不可省略。
This is the voluntary teacher from _______ we’ve learned a lot.
这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的支教老师。
whom
3.先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，其后一般跟名词。
Do you know the girl _______ Chinese is excellent
你认识那个汉语非常优秀的女孩吗？
I prefer the room _______ windows face south.
我喜欢那间窗户朝南的房间。
whose
whose
温馨提示
whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替：
whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom=of whom+the+n., 如：
I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule.
＝I will talk to those students, ______________________ hasn’t been done on schedule.
＝I will talk to those students, _____________________ hasn’t been done on schedule.
我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。
the homework of whom
of whom the homework
4.先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that引导，且不可省略。
He is working in the company ___________ was opened in 1870.
他现在在一家1870年开业的公司工作。
China is a country __________ has a history of more than 5,000 years.
中国是一个拥有5 000多年历史的国家。
which/that
which/that
5.先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that引导，可______。
The gold medal (which/that) she won has been given to her old school.
她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which/that) he had lost on the train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
省略
温馨提示
(1)宜用that不宜用which的情况
观察例句，归纳用法
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
Who is the boy that is playing computer games there？
正在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？
Which is the book that you are interested in
你感兴趣的书是哪本？
归纳：宜用that不宜用which的情况如下：
①当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等____________。
②当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。
不定代词时
③当先行词是______________________或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
④当先行词中________________。
⑤当先行词前面出现__________________________，为了避免重复，只能用that。
序数词、形容词最高级
既有人又有物时
who，which等疑问代词时
(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况
①关系代词前有介词时。
The house in _______ I used to live has become a shoe shop.
我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。
②在非限制性定语从句中。
Have you ever read the book, ______ was written by a young girl
你读过这本书吗，它是一个年轻女孩写的？
which
which
6.先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用________引导。
He volunteered to join in the activity __________ is to help those who are in trouble.
他志愿加入这个活动，活动的目的是帮助那些处于困难中的人。
whose
whose aim
温馨提示
whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替：
whose+n.=the+n.+of+which=of which+the+n., 如：
He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble.
＝He volunteered to join in the activity,_______________ is to help those who are in trouble.
＝He volunteered to join in the activity,________________ is to help those who are in trouble.
the aim of which
of which the aim
三、使用定语从句的注意事项
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
Those who ______ over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall.
超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。
are
温馨提示
“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which _____ written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who _______ learned to play golf.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过打高尔夫球的男孩。
were
has
2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the apartment which he bought last year.(bought后不可加it)
这就是他去年买的那所公寓。
语法二：不定代词
不定代词是不具体指代某个特定名词的代词，在句中可作_____、_____、______和______。
一、常见不定代词
主语
宾语
表语
定语
可数/不可数 不定代词
代替可数名词 one，each，many，another，other，either，neither，(a) few等
代替不可数名词 much，(a) little等
代替可数/不可数名词 none，any，all，some等
复合不定代词 anyone，anybody，anything；someone，somebody，something；everyone，everybody，everything；nobody，no one，nothing等
从以上表格中选中合适的不定代词填空。
I’m not satisfied with ___________ that he did.
对他做的事情我并不是都满意。
everything
___________________ is waiting for you on campus.
有人在校园里等你。
But I don’t know ________________ in the company.
但是在这个公司里我谁也不认识。
I don’t watch television unless I’ve got ________ else to do.
我不看电视，除非我没有别的事可做。
The boxing match will be held in September, but ________________ knows the date for sure.
拳击赛将在九月份举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。
Someone/Somebody
anyone/anybody
nothing
nobody/no one
二、几组常见不定代词的区别
1.观察例句区分：many，much，few，a few，little，a little
I have a lot of friends but I don’t have much money.
我有很多朋友，但是我没有很多钱。
Just as the saying goes, “Many hands make light work.”
俗话说：“人多力量大。”
The expert’s theory is so difficult that few people can understand and accept it.
这位专家的理论很深奥，很少有人能理解并接受它。
In this way they can make the trip with just a little money.
用这种方式，他们只需要一点钱就能去旅游。
归纳：
区别 意义 许多 有点/些 (表示肯定) 几乎没有
(表示否定)
可数 ______ ______ _____
不可数 _____ _______ _____
many
a few
few
much
a little
little
2.another，other，the other，others，the others
不定代词 词义 用法
_______ 另一个，又一个 用于三者或三者以上中的另一个，后接可数名词单数
______ 其他的，另外的 后接名词复数
________ 两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成one...the other...一个……另一个……结构
another
other
the other
others ________________ 是other的复数形式，不能作定语，常构成_______________结构
the others ________________ 是the other 的复数形式，常构成__________________结构
泛指别的人或物
特指其余的人或物
some...others...
some...the others...
We have two hands. One is on the left, and ________ is on the right.
我们有两只手。一只在左边，另一只在右边。
There are 40 students in our class. Three are Americans, and ______
______________________ are Chinese.
我们班有40个学生，3个是美国人，其余的都是中国人。
the other
others/the other students
the
I have eaten an apple, but I still want ________(apple).
我已经吃了一个苹果了，但是我还想要一个。
Some students like English while __________________ like physics.
一些学生喜欢英语而另外一些学生喜欢物理。
another
other students/others
3.it，one，the one，ones，the ones，that，those
不定代词 用法
____ 代替前面出现的可数名词单数或者不可数名词、前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作，以避免重复，也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等
____ 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数，为泛指，指“同类当中的某一个”
it
one
the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数，为______
ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为______
the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为特指
that 代替“_________________”，也可代替“the＋可数名词单数”，这时可以和the one 互换
_______ 代替前面出现的可数名词复数，避免重复，且表示特指，后有定语修饰，可与the ones通用
特指
泛指
the＋不可数名词
those
选词填空：
A house which is built of bricks lasts longer than ________ that is made of woods.
用砖建造的房子比用木头建造的房子耐用。
As we all know，the population of Beijing is larger than _____ of Jinan.
众所周知，北京的人口比济南的人口多。
the one
that
The athletes of this team are more dynamic and confident than _____________ of that team.
这个队的运动员比那个队的运动员更有活力、更自信。
There are various laptops in the store，and I want to buy _____.
商店里有各种各样的笔记本电脑，我想买一台。
I like your skateboard very much.Can you lend ____ to me
我很喜欢你的滑板。你能把它借给我吗？
I don’t like coloured envelopes. I like white _____.
我不喜欢彩色信封，我喜欢白色的。
those/the ones
one
it
ones
4.both，neither，either
不定代词 意义 在句中所作成分 谓语动词的形式
______ 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语或同位语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
_______ 两者都不 作主语、宾语或定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式
______ 两者中任一个 作主语、宾语或定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
both
neither
either
选词填空：
She invited _____ of us to her birthday party.
她邀请我们两个都去参加她的生日宴会。
It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _______ of his parents spoke the language.
对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中，学英语很难。
You can choose _______ of the topics, but do not attempt _____.
你可以选择任意的一个话题，但不能两个都选。
both
neither
either
both