北师大版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 3 Celebrations Period 5 Focus on Language 语法精练课件-(32张ppt)

(共32张PPT)
Period 5　Focus on Language
语法精练
Unit 3　 Celebrations
1.Learn about continuous the passive and verb phrase.
2.Do some exercises to strengthen the grammar.
Teaching Objectives
语法一——被动语态(the passive)
一、被动语态的概述
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的______和________之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：__________和_________。
◆主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：
They prohibit smoking in public areas.
谓语prohibit的动作是由主语they发出的，即they是prohibit这个动作的执行者。
主语
主动语态
谓语动词
被动语态
◆被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如：
Smoking is prohibited by them in public areas.
主语smoking是prohibit这个动作的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。
时态 构成形式
一般现在时 _______________
一般过去时 ________________
一般将来时 ___________________________
过去将来时 _____________________
am/is/are＋done
was/were＋done
be going to/will/shall＋be done
would/should＋be done
现在进行时 _____________________
过去进行时 ____________________
现在完成时 ___________________
过去完成时 ______________
含情态动词 情态动词＋be done
am/is/are＋being done
was/were＋being done
have/has＋been done
had＋been done
请根据汉语提示完成句子;
The boy ____________ to play basketball on the court.
人们经常看到这个男孩在球场上打篮球。
The athlete _________ to enter the gym just now.
刚才有人看见这位运动员进了体育馆。
A new apartment ____________ by us next year.
明年我们要建一栋新公寓。
is often seen
was seen
will be built
The news ______________ to the volunteer’s mother the moment it arrived.
消息一到就会被送到那位志愿者的母亲那里。
The problem __________________ at the meeting at the moment.
目前，会议上正在讨论这个问题。
An informal boxing match _______________ when I arrived there.
我到那儿时，一场非正式的拳击比赛正在进行。
would be sent
is being discussed
was being held
People’s living quality _______________________ in the past ten years.
在过去的十年里，人们的生活质量得到了极大的提高。
By the end of last year, another company ___________________.
到去年年底为止，另一家公司已经建成了。
The new teaching equipment ____________ to the rural school in no time.
这些新的教学设备必须马上送到那所乡村学校。
has been greatly improved
had been completed
must be sent
三、在下列情况下使用被动语态
请根据汉语提示完成句子：
1.不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
The charity organization ________ ten years ago.
这个慈善组织是十年前成立的。
2.强调动作的承受者。
Your plan _______________ be practical.
你的计划被认为是实用的。
was built
is considered to
3.在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。
The International Space Station ____________ in the Earth’s orbit.
国际空间站已经在地球轨道上建成了。
4.习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。
You will never gain success unless you __________________ your work.
你只有全身心地投入工作才能取得成功。
has been built
are fully devoted to
四、使用被动语态的注意问题
1.以主动形式表被动意义的动词
(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove等，不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。
He _________________________ after going jogging regularly.
进行有规律的慢跑之后，他看起来很强壮并且充满活力。
The problem _____________ and is difficult to deal with.
这个问题被证明很棘手，并且很难处理。
looks strong and energetic
proves tough
(2)表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash，dry等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。
You can depend on it that this kind of cloth ___________.
你可以相信这种布料很好洗。
To our disappointment, the engine ___________.
让我们失望的是，引擎发动不起来。
washes well
won’t start
(3)不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
Attention, please.____________________________.
请注意，我有重要的事情要说。
I have something important to say
(4)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult, easy, comfortable, hard，convenient, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
Our apartment is comfortable _________.
我们的公寓住起来很舒服。
_____________________________________.
我们发现这个家伙很难相处。
to live in
We find the guy is difficult to get along with
(5)need，want，require，deserve等作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
The plan required discussing on schedule at the meeting.
＝The plan _______________________ on schedule at the meeting.
这项计划需要在会上按时讨论。
required to be discussed
(6)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run, move等。
The gym ______ at 8 am and ______ at 10 pm every day.
这家健身房每天上午八点开门，晚上十点关门。
opens
closes
2.不用被动语态的情况
不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，disappear，die，rise，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，spread，stand，break out，come true，belong to，lose heart，take place，run out，come up等。
Owing to the heavy snow, the price of vegetables _________ recently.
由于这场大雪，最近蔬菜的价格上涨了。
To our satisfaction, our dream __________ at last.
令我们满意的是，我们的梦想最终实现了。
has risen
came true
语法二——动词短语(verb phrase)
一、含义
动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词(如名词、副词、介词)构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用是和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。
二、动词短语分类
1.动词＋介词　此类动词短语均相当于及物动词，其宾语不管是名词、代词，还是动名词，都只能放在介词之后。如：
____________遭受
_______________毕业于
__________申请
_________适应
__________对付，处理
suffer from
graduate from
apply for
adapt to
deal with
____________与……不同
recover from_____________
arise from__________
give up______
crash into_________
respond to___________________
differ from
从……中康复
因……产生
放弃
猛撞，猛击
回应，对……作出反应
从以上短语中选词填空：
(1)Nobody knows for sure when he will _____________ the rare disease.
(2)My son who ________________ a medical school last year has become a doctor.
recover from
graduated from
2.动词＋副词
(1)动词＋副词(不接宾语)
___________去世
_________取得成功
____________发生
___________取得进步
______________聚集
pass away
pay off
come about
get ahead
gather around
work out_____
cheep up_________
calm down_________
break down______
从以上短语中选词填空：
My car ___________ halfway, and that was why I was late for work this morning.
It is due to his working hard all day that he __________ continually.
broke down
锻炼
高兴起来
冷静下来
出故障
gets ahead
(2)动词＋副词(接宾语)
put up_____
sweep away__________
put off_____
throw away______
put away___________
张贴
打扫；清除
推迟
扔掉
收起来放好
从以上短语中选词填空：
She called this afternoon to ________ the meeting to next week.
Before the Spring Festival, we clean the house to ___________ bad luck.
put off
sweep away
3.动词＋副词＋介词
________________期盼
__________参加……的选拔
___________报名参加
_____________跟上
______________提出
put up with___________
catch up with 赶上
make up for______
look forward to
try out for
sign up for
keep up with
come up with
忍受，容忍
弥补
单句翻译：
我们一直盼望的这一天终于到了。
_______________________________________________________
我的导师建议我报名参加高级文学社。
_______________________________________________________
The day that we were looking forward to finally came.
My adviser suggested that I should sign up for advanced literature.
4.动词＋名词
________________网上冲浪
_____________________消除某人的疑虑
_______________努力
_________________吸引某人的注意
___________________谋生
surf the Internet
remove one’s doubt
make an effort
catch sb. ’s eye
earn one’s living
请根据汉语提示完成句子：
_______________________ when she informed me of the good news.
她通知我这个好消息的时候，我正在上网冲浪。
The wonderful martial arts performance of the children __________
_____________________.
孩子们精彩的武术表演吸引了外国游客的注意。
I was surfing the Internet
caught the
foreign tourists’ eye
5.动词＋名词＋介词
__________________利用
________________注意
____________参加
______________看见
lose sight of_______
take pride in____________
make use of______
take advantage of
pay attention to
take part in
catch sight of
看不见
为……而自豪
利用
请根据汉语提示完成句子：
_____________________________________, you must sign up before July 3.
如果你想参加这次竞赛，你必须在七月三号前报名。
To be a good learner, you must ________________ library books, newspapers and magazines.
要成为一个善于学习的人，你必须充分利用图书馆里的书、报纸和杂志。
If you want to take part in the competition
make full use of