2023届高考英语二轮语法复习:专题2 名词讲义 八年（16-22）真题演练 （含答案）

2023届高考英语语法复习专题2 名词讲义 +八年（16-22）真题演练
名词
高频考点1 : N.基本考点
N.: 1) adj. + n.
2) art.(冠词) + n.
3) art. + adv. + adj. + n.
4) adj.性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their）+ n.
5) prep. + n.
6) vt. + n.
7) 并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时
8) 名词作定语：绵阳诊断卷短改healthy problems
health
高频考点2 : N.: Cn. & Un.
1.Cn.
单数:
1) 与冠词、adj.性物主代词或指示代词连用；
a book, an apple, the boy,
my son, their parents,
this/that boy, these/those boys
…
2)per/every/each/another + Cn.单
复数:
1)规则与不规则变化；
2) ＞1 + cn.复数
some/several/few/a few/many/a lot of/
lots of/all kinds of/different/various/a variety of/ a wide range of… + cn.复数
other + cn.复数
one/each of + cn.复数
3)固定短语中复数n.:
take measures to do sth., make friends with sb. …
注: 上下文指代一致
有一些n.惯用复数形式，表祝愿、礼貌或客气等:
congratulations“祝贺”,regards“问候”,respects“敬意”,thanks“谢谢”,wishes“愿望”等。
2.Un. -- 前无不定冠词（a/an）+无单复数变化
1) 借助于量词（注意单复数变化）
a bottle of water --- three bottles of water
a piece of news --- pieces of news
抽象n.具体化：
A dictionary is a must in study.
have a walk/swim/bath/talk)
a waste of time
make an apology to sb.
have a good knowledge of
抽象名词(Un.) 具体化(Cn.)
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor 一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)
failure失败 a failure 一个失败者/一件失败的事
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure一件乐事
comfort安慰 a comfort安慰者;令人安慰的事情
shame羞耻;羞愧 a shame一个可耻的人;一件可耻的事
... ...
3)常见Un.:
information, fun, luggage/baggage, trouble, progress, advice, equipment, furniture, homework, housework, change零钱, news, traffic, evidence, architecture, etc.
4)固定短语中的Un.:
have fun, take action, take (a lot of) exercise, make (great) progress
高频考点3 : N.拼写
1.Group 1: v --- n.
v. n.
grow
complain
succeed
affect
choose
believe
relieve
breathe
impress
imagine
fail
contribute
encourage
....
2.Group 2: adj.--- n.
adj. n.
honest
healthy
wealthy
strong
electric
happy
kind
dark
fluent
efficient
...
高频考点4 : 固定短语中的N.
take a deep breath, a large number of
高频考点5 : N.所有格
1. ’s: the boy’s mother
the teachers’ books
Lily and Lucy’s room(共用1房间)
Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms(各自的房间)
(2019大一轮）after a whole morning’s(morning) study
2. of: the cover of the book
3. 双重所有格: a friend of my father’s = one of my father’s friends
4. 所有格的省略: go to my uncle’s, go to the barber’s
（上海短改）arrive at my friend
friend’s
*在语法填空中的技法点拨：
据语境标志词+上下文+所处位置判断是否填名词；
据修饰语+主谓一致确定名词单复数。
*在短文改错中的技法点拨：
1.误把Un.作Cn.; 该用复数用单数，或反之；
2.误把n.所有格用成了通格。
注意点：
1.名词的正确拼写与单复数变化规则；
2.名词的构词法；
2016-2022高考真题演练 专题2 名词
2022年高考真题
1.（2022.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案：.populations
解析： 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __largest_ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案： responsibility
解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
3.（2022新高考二卷）He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案：son's
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
3.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
4.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.
【答案】friend改为friends
【解析】考查名词的单复数。主语为Many students ， "their friend or classmates " 中or前后一致，故前面应该把friend 改为friends。
5. （2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
7.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
【答案】dish改为dishes
【解析】考查名词。根据此句中的after meals可知， 此处指多种菜品，应该用名词的复数形式。故把dish改为dishes。
8.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
9.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by in medical science.
A. traditions B. advances C. pressures D. examples
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：由于医学的进步，公共卫生有了很大的改善。A. traditions 传统； B. advance提前、前进； C. pressures压力； D. examples例子。根据句意可知，本空应填advances。故选：B。
2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.（2020·新课标I标卷短文改错）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
4.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
【答案】将vacations改为vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
5. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空） Filled with ______________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
6.（2020·浙江卷）Later, they Learned to work with the ____________(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
【答案】seasons
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：“后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。”分析句子，一冠词限定修饰名词，二提示词为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons.
7.（2020·山东卷）Historical ______________(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
8.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
2019年高考真题
【2019·新课标I卷】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _____________(believe) that populations are increasing.
【答案】belief
【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
【答案】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different （1）I would like to do.
【解析】 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
4.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. Statement B. impact C. Impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
2.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及句意理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A 任务，作业，分配；B.协会，社团，联系；C获得；D假设。故选D。
3. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
4. 【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
5. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
6. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
2017年高考真题
1. 【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 　61　(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.
【答案】crowds
【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。
2016年高考真题
1.【2016·浙江】4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】考点：考查名词辨析。句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。A条件，状况；B收入；C学分，信用；D地位。故选C。
2.【2016·天津】10. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。故选D。
3.【2016·江苏】24.— Can you tell us your ___________ for happiness and a long life
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：-—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？—当然是尽情享受每一天。A.秘诀，食谱，药房；B.记录；C.范围；D.收据。故选A。