(共28张PPT)
单
词
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本:新外研
册别单元:选择性必修三 Unit 3
本单元词汇梳理
1. violent 来自violence
派生词:violently
2. landing land (v 着陆) + -ing
3. allied ally (v 使联盟) + -ed (形容词后缀)
4. code-name 合成词:code (n 代码) + name (v 命名)
5. supreme 词块:supreme court
6. commander command (v 指挥) + -er (名词后缀)
command:com- (completely 完全) + mand (命令) → 命令
7. parachute para (against 抵抗、应对)+ chute (fall 跌落),字面意思是“应对高空跌落 (的防护装置)”
8. objective object (物体) + -ive (……的) → 物体的,即不带个人感情的、就事论事的 → 客观的
objective (adj 客观的) 反义词:subjective
objective (n 目标) 近义词:goal
词块:set / achieve / pursue an objective
9. coastline 合成词:coast (n 海岸) + line (n 线)
10. violence 词块:domestic violence;派生词:violent
11. horror 抽象名词具体化:意为“使人感到恐怖的东西”时是可数名词
词块:a horror movie, in horror;同根词:horrible
12. gunfire 合成词:gun (n 枪) + fire (n 火)
13. tank 音译词
14. recall re- (back 回) + call (v 号召) → 通过号召带回 →
召回(基本义)
意为“回忆”是正式用语 (对应 remember)
15. barely bare (adj 仅有的) + -ly (副词后缀)
近义词:hardly, only just
16. liberate 同根词:liberty;词块:liberate ... from
派生词:liberation
17. memorial memory (n 记忆) + -al (形容词后缀)
词块:a memorial to sb / sth
18. outstanding out (adv 向外) + stand (v 站立) + -ing
拓展:stand out 引人注目、突出
19. uniform uni- (one 一) + form (形状)
词块:in (a) uniform, school uniform
20. peacekeeping peace (n 和平) + keep (v 维护) + -ing
词块:a peacekeeping mission
21. peacekeeper peace (n 和平) + keep (v 维护) + -er (……的人)
22. friction 隐喻:物体之间的“摩擦”→人、国家之间的“摩擦”
近义词:tension
词块:friction between ... and ...
23. disarm dis- (否定) + arm (v 武装) → 去掉武装
batant combat (v 战斗) + -ant (名词后缀:……的人)
25. weapon 词块:nuclear weapon
26. stability stable (adj 稳定的) + -ity (名词后缀)
词块:social stability
词族:stable, stability, instable, instability
27. professionalism profession (n 职业、专业) + -al (形容词后缀) +
-ism (抽象名词后缀)
词族:profession, professional, professionalism
28. academic 词块:academic research, academic year
词族:academy, academic, academically
29. bomb 名词动词化:“轰炸”;词块:atomic bomb
30. intellectual intellect (n 智力) + -ual (形容词后缀)
词块:intellectual property (IP)
31. associated associate (v 联合) + -ed (形容词后缀)
词块:be associated with
词族:associate, associated, association
32. rough 一词多义:基本义“粗糙的”;反义词:smooth
词块:rough time;派生词:roughly
33. disrupt dis- (apart 分开) + rupt (to break 打断) → 扰乱
同根词:erupt, interrupt
34. emerge e- (out 出) + merge (to sink 沉没) → 从沉没中出来 → 浮现、出现 (基本义);派生词:emergency
35. invader invade (v 侵略) + -er (……的人)
词族:invade, invader, invasion
36. depict de- (表示强调) + pict (to paint, picture 描画) → 描绘
同根词:picture;近义词:describe
37. peer 词块:peer pressure
38. misty mist (n 雾) + -y (充满……的)
39. crowning crown (n 王冠) + -ing (形容词后缀)
40. glory 派生词:glorious
41. dedication dedicate (v 献出、贡献) + -ion (名词后缀)
词族:dedicate, dedicated, dedication
42. representative represent (v 代表) + -ative (形容词后缀)
词块:be representative of
memorate com- (一起) + memor (memory 记忆) + -ate (动词后缀) → 一起记忆→ 纪念
44. anniversary anni- (year 年) + vers (turn 转) + -ary (名词后缀) →
一年转到一次 → 周年纪念日
45. reaffirm re- (再) + affirm (v 确认)
46. collective collect (v 收集) + -ive (形容词后缀) → 收集到一起的 → 集体的
词族:collect, collection, collective
47. blueprint 合成词:blue (n 蓝色) + print (n 复印)
在复印机发明之前,工程设计人员使用一种特殊药水把设计图样描画到一张描图纸上,再通过晒图机将图样复印到更多图纸上。由于通过这种方式复印出来的图样是蓝色的,所以称为 blueprint (蓝图)
48. sum 词块:a large / small sum of, to sum up
派生词:summary, summarise
49. grain 词块:grains of sand / salt
50. relevant 词块:(be) relevant to;反义词:irrelevant
objective
重难点词精讲
一词多义
emerge
academic
辨析义
一词多义
精准的汉语释义
一词多义
rough
memorial
sum
relevant
一词多义
话题词汇
写作高级词
recall
熟词生义
objective
温故知新
根据所给汉语,完成句子。
If we’d all work together, I think we could ________________(实现我们的目标).
achieve our goal
objective比goal更正式
achieve our objective
■ adj 客观的 反 subjective:
an objective assessment / analysis
【温故】objectively adv 客观地(选必二 Unit 2)
■ n [C] 目的;目标 (goal):
set / achieve / pursue an objective
The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. 2020 山东
A way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives. 2019 全国
objective
构词:object(物体)+ -ive(……的)→ 物体的,即不带个人感情的、就事论事的 → 客观的
【词汇拓展】
object
■ n [C]
物体:
Signs in the zoo warn people not to feed the animals or throw objects.
对象:
an object of study
目标;目的:
The object of the game is to improve children’s language skills.
[语法]宾语
■ v
vi 反对;不赞成:
If nobody objects, we’ll put off the meeting till next week.
object to (doing) sth:
Why do some people strongly object to human cloning
We object to leaving him alone.
vt 提出……作为反对的理由:
object + that 从句:
They objected that the schedule was too tight.
objection n [C] & [U] 反对;反对的理由:
Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it.
这四个词都含有“目标”之意。
objective最正式;表示想要达到的目标时可用objective, goal, target,不用object。
I will try to reach my objective / goal / target because I want to live an exciting life.
target后可接area, audience, group等词,表示“目标范围 / 观众 / 群体”。
It’s a clear advantage if you can identify with your target audience.
goal及target的目标可以是数字,如销量、考试分数、日期等。
They achieved their goal / target of increasing sales by five percent.
objective, target, goal, object
析
辨
recall
构词:re- (back 回) + call (v 号召) → 通过号召带回 → 召回
vt
[正式用语][不用于进行时]回忆;回想:
It’s time to recall those beautiful days we spent together.
召回;收回:
More than 3,000 cars were recalled yesterday because of a brake problem.
memorial
构词:memory (n 记忆) + -al (形容词后缀)
【温故】memory n 必修一 Unit 3
[C] & [U] 记忆力;记性:
loss of memory
She has an excellent memory for names, which helps her quite a lot in her work.
[C][常用复数]记忆;回忆:
childhood memories
Those songs bring back lots of good memories.
[计算机][C] 存储器;[U] 存储量:
Memory Stick / memory card
flash memory
Personal computers now have much increased memory capacity.
memorial来自memory,学memorial之前需要先复习memory
in memory of 作为对……的纪念;纪念:
After Dr Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him.
【必修一 Unit 1】 memorise / memorize vt 记住;熟记
memorisation / memorization n [U] 记忆
【选必二 Unit 1】memorable adj 值得纪念的;难忘的 (unforgettable)
【知新】memorial
■ adj 纪念的;悼念的:
a memorial festival / prize
■ n [C] 纪念物;纪念日;纪念碑;纪念馆:
The statue is a memorial to all the soldiers who died in the wars.
同族词: memory, memorise, memorisation, memorable, memorial
academic
你知道AW吗?
AW = Academic Words 学术词汇
学术词汇指常出现在各学科、学术文章中的词汇,而不是日常谈话所使用词汇。学术词汇相对更正式。
日常学习中,我们可以借助学术英语词典,更好地了解、学习学术词汇。
academic
学术的
academic
在希腊神话中有一位绝世美女海伦。当她还是一名少女的时候,来自雅典的英雄忒修斯将她劫走。海伦的两个哥哥来到雅典,要求雅典人归还自己的妹妹,并威胁要动用武力。正在这危急时刻,一个名叫阿卡德摩斯(Akademos)的农夫告诉了他们海伦的位置。两兄弟很快就夺回了自己的妹妹。而Akademos也因为使雅典避免了一场战争而成为英雄,得到神灵的庇佑,他的橄榄树林年年丰收。这片橄榄树林也因此得名Akademeia。
后来,哲学家柏拉图在这片橄榄树林里创建了学园。人们将他的学园也称为Akademeia。英语单词academy就来源于柏拉图创建的Akademeia学园。原本专指柏拉图所创建的学园,但后来词义进一步扩充,泛指各种学术研究性机构。
词源解读:academic 来自academy(学院),词源义为“学院的”。
academy n [C]
(某一领域的)研究院;学会:
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
专科学校;(尤指音乐、军事)学院:
a police / military academy
an academy of music
(美国的)私立学校
academic
■ adj[常用于名词前]
学校的;学院的 connected with the educational activities of schools, colleges and universities:
the office of academic affairs
an academic degree / qualification
the start of the new academic year
学术的 connected with studying from books, opposite to practical skills:
academic subjects
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.
■ n [C] 大学教师
academically adv 学术上;学业上:
In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.
rough
一般而言,词汇释义的演化是有一定的时间顺序的,首先产生的是表示物理 / 生理特征的词义,之后才产生表示“情感 / 性格”特征的词义,因而,rough的基本义是“粗糙的”,随后才出现“粗略的”,“难受的”,“多暴力的;犯罪率高的”等词义,这样才符合人类思维发展的顺序。
rough ground / road
rough kids
a rough sketch
粗野的小孩
高低不平的地面
草图
rough adj
(表面)粗糙的;(道路)崎岖的 反 smooth;简陋的:
a rough road
Your hand was rough but strong and warm.
(天气)恶劣的;有暴风雨的;风浪大的:
rough weather
sail in rough sea
[无比较级变化]粗略的:
a rough estimate
艰难的 (tough);难受的:
have a rough time
多暴力的;犯罪率高的:
It was a rough neighbourhood and it was already dark.
rough 语义网络图
“粗糙的”思考即不确切
“粗糙的”感受即不舒服
“粗糙的”环境即不安全
粗糙的
rough
(基本义)
“粗糙的”天气、水面等
“粗糙的”道路
(表面)粗糙的;
(道路)崎岖的
(天气)恶劣的;有暴风雨的;风浪大的
粗略的
艰难的;难受的
多暴力的;犯罪率高的
【词汇拓展】
roughly adv 粗略地;大约:
Confucius lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.
同义异构:
翻译: 人非圣贤,孰能无过;
过能改之,善莫大焉;
about / around / approximately
朦胧的青春是草稿,打造人生的基础。正值青春的同学如同未经打磨的璞玉。成语rough diamond的意思就是“未经打磨的璞玉”。如:
Peter looks awkward, but he is a rough diamond.
I’ll have to say that Mary is a diamond in the rough.
成语 rough diamond
谢
谢
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