外研版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 A delicate World Starting out 词汇课件-(40张ppt)

(共39张PPT)
版本：新外研
单元：选择性必修二 Unit 5 (Starting out — Understanding ideas)
单
词
课
堂
本单元词汇梳理
1. halfway 合成词 half (一半) + way (n 路)；词块：halfway through
2. dramatically dramatic (adj 戏剧的) + -al + -ly (副词后缀)
词族：drama, dramatic, dramatically
3. heritage 词块：a World Heritage Site
4. inhabitant inhabit (v 居住) + -ant (……人)
5. subsequently subsequent (adj 随后的) + -ly (副词后缀)
subsequent: sub- (closely 接近地) + sequ (to follow 跟随) +
-ent (形容词后缀) → 紧跟其后的 → 随后的
6. appetite ap- (to 去) + petit (to seek 追求) + -e → 对食物的追求 → 食欲 / 胃口；
词块：give sb an appetite, lose one’s appetite / have no appetite, an appetite for
隐喻：对食物的“胃口”→ 对事物的“胃口”→ 欲望
7. multiply multi- (many 多) + ply (to fold 折叠) → 折叠多次 → (使) 大量增加；(使) 繁殖 → 乘
加减乘除：add, subtract, multiply, divide
8. chaos 词源：来自希腊神话故事中的混沌之神卡俄斯 (Chaos)的名字，卡俄斯(Chaos)是希腊神话中最早的的神灵，代表宇宙形成之前模糊一团的景象。
词块：in chaos
9. conservation con- (表示强调) + serve (to keep safe 使安全) + -ation (名词后缀) → 保护
同根词：preserve, observe, reserve
词族：conserve, conservation, conservationist
10. decrease de- (down) + crease (to grow) → 向下长 → 减少
注意动词、名词发音不同；反义词：increase
词块：decrease from … to …, decrease by
11. trap 一词多义，基本义“陷阱”；隐喻：具体的“陷阱” →
抽象的“圈套”；词块：be trapped in
12. departure depart (v 离开) + -ure (名词后缀)
词块：departure time / gate
13. immunity immune (adj 免疫的) + -ity (名词后缀)
14. explode ex- (out 出去) + plod (鼓掌、欢呼) + -e (动词后缀)
词源：古希腊人和古罗马人在观看戏剧时，通过掌声和喝彩声表达喜爱和赞赏之情，而不喜欢演员的表演时，他们也会通过嘘声、倒彩声以及其他各种噪声来表达反感，直到将演员轰下台为止。explode 的本义就是“通过噪声把演员轰下台”。到了18世纪后期， explode 词义慢慢变为“使其突然而又大声地爆发”，后来才完全转变为“突然而又大声地爆发、爆炸”。
词族：explode, explosion, explosive
15. collapse col (together 一起 / 共同) + laps (to slip, fall 滑、落) + -e
(动词后缀) → 一起滑落 → 倒塌 / 坍塌 (基本义)
16. substantial 英语释义：large in amount, value or importance
词块：a substantial number of, a substantial salary
17. incident in- (进入、使) + cid (to fall 落下、掉落) + -ent (名词后缀) → 落在人身上的事 → 事件；同根词：accident
accident 多指偶然或意外发生的不幸的事情，incident 尤指不平常的事件，既可指小事件或小插曲，又可指政治上有影响的事件或事变。
18. intervention inter- (between 在中间) + ven (to come 来) + -tion (名词后缀) → 来到中间 → 干预；介入
19. owe 一词多义，基本义“应偿还”
词块：owe sb sth / owe sth to sb, owe sth to sth
20. ecology eco- (环境的、生态的) + -logy (……学)
派生词：ecological, ecologist
decrease
重难点词精讲
一词多义
owe
collapse
搭配义
熟词生义
一词多义
辨析义
incident
trap
explode
词源
高考链接
根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。
The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been __________（减少）from 40 to 9.
decreased
reduced
decrease
decrease是正式用语
decrease
构词：de- (down) + crease (to grow) → 向下长 → 减少
decrease R3 反 increase
■ vt & vi（使）减少；（使）减小：
The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
The price of wheat decreased by 15% last year.
People planted trees on the waste hills to decrease water and soil loss.
■ n [C] & [U] 减少；[C] 减少的量 (reduction)：
There has been a decrease in imports.
There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
《生活大爆炸》中Sheldon多次引用“It’s a trap!”，模仿《星球大战》中的阿克巴上将。
《星球大战6（绝地归来）》中，阿克巴上将在一次战役归来时发现自己中了帝国伏击舰队的圈套，说出了 “It’s a trap!（这是个陷阱）”。阿克巴上将这句略带喜感的台词后来成为了经典，被广大《星球大战》的粉丝所熟知。
trap
trap
■ n [C]
（捕鸟兽）陷阱；夹子；罗网：
set / lay / place a trap for mice
（陷害人的）圈套；诡计：
fall into / get out of a trap
牢笼；困境：
the unemployment trap
Some people feel that marriage is a trap.
■ vt
设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住：
It’s cruel to trap birds.
I trapped my coat in the car door.
把……困住；使陷入困境：
Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.
留存；储存（气体 / 水等）：
Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is
warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
trap语义网络图
陷阱
trap
（基本义）
困住动物的“陷阱”
（捕鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网
牢笼；困境
设陷阱捕捉；夹住；卡住
n
困住人的困境 / 状态
困住人的“陷阱”
（陷害人的） 圈套；诡计
把……困住；使陷入困境
v
explode
古希腊人和古罗马人在观看戏剧时，通过掌声和喝彩声表达喜爱和赞赏之情，而不喜欢演员的表演时，他们也会通过嘘声、倒彩声以及其他各种噪声来表达反感，直到将演员轰下台为止。explode 的本义就是“通过噪声把演员轰下台”。到了18世纪后期， explode 词义慢慢变为“使其突然而又大声地爆发”，后来才完全转变为“突然而又大声地爆发、爆炸”。
词源故事
vt & vi（使）爆炸 (blow up) ：
explode a bomb
The firework exploded in his hand.
vi（感情、暴力事件）爆发；激增：
explode with anger
Florida’s population exploded after World War Ⅱ.
【温故】必修二 Unit 4
explosive adj 爆炸（式）的；爆发的
（使）炸弹、爆竹等“爆炸”
感情、暴力事件“爆炸”
数字“爆炸”
explode v
【词汇拓展】
explosion n
[C] & [U] 爆炸（声）：
The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe.
[C]（感情）爆发； 激增：
a population explosion
an explosion in oil price
explode 语义网络图
数字“爆炸”
（使）炸弹、爆竹等“爆炸”
感情、暴力事件“爆炸”
（使）爆炸
（感情、暴力事件）爆发
激增
explosion
explode
爆炸（声）
（感情）爆发
激增
（使）爆炸
explode
基本义
collapse
震惊世界的9·11事件：
2001年9月11日，两架遭到恐怖分子劫持的飞机分别撞向世界贸易中心一号楼和二号楼，两座大楼在两个小时内相继倒塌，导致包括世贸中心其余5栋大楼、德意志银行大楼在内的多栋建筑物严重受损。
Two hijacked commercial planes slammed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, causing them to collapse.
两架遭到劫持的商用飞机撞向世界贸易中心双子塔，导致双塔倒塌。
构词：col (together 一起 / 共同) + laps (to slip, fall 滑、落) + -e (动词后缀) → 一起滑落 → 倒塌 / 坍塌（基本义）
collapse
■ vi
倒塌；坍塌：
These homes can easily collapse during earthquakes. 北师大新选必① – 3
（因病等）倒下；昏倒；晕倒
In November 2016, Huang collapsed and was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with cancer. 北师大新选必① – 2
collapse
崩溃；瓦解 (break down)：
Lots of people lost their jobs when the property market collapsed.
Why Maya civilization collapsed remains a mystery. 外研新选必④ – 5
collapse
■ n
[U] 倒塌；坍塌：
the collapse of the building
[U] [单数]倒下；昏倒；晕倒：
She was taken to hospital after her collapse at work.
[U] [单数] 崩溃；瓦解：
economic collapse
collapse语义网络图
倒塌
collapse
（基本义）
建筑物等
“倒塌”
突然失败；崩溃；瓦解
（突然的）倒塌；塌陷
n
组织、生意等“倒塌”
病人“倒塌”
（因病等）昏倒；晕倒
v
倒塌；坍塌
（因病等）昏倒；晕倒
突然失败；倒闭；崩溃
incident
西安事变（双十二事变）发生于1936年12月12日。张学良和杨虎城为了达到劝谏蒋介石改变“攘外必先安内”的既定国策，停止内战，一致抗日的目的，在西安发动“兵谏”。同月25日，在中共中央和周恩来主导下，以蒋介石接受“停止内战，联共抗日”的主张而和平解决。
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。
_________________（西安事变）is one of the most important events in modern Chinese history.
Xian Incident
incident n [C]
（尤指不平常的）事件 sth that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant：
a shooting incident
Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly.
事变：
the July 7th Incident of 1937
incident既可指小事件，又可指具有影响力的事变，如犯罪、袭击等。
He could remember every incident in great detail.
the Lugouqiao Incident
accident多指意外或偶然发生的不幸事件。
a traffic accident
affair可指私事或相关的事件，其复数形式affairs一般指公共或政治事务。
Masses of fresh reports and stories keep you up-to-date on world affairs.
event一般指重大事件、活动或体育运动的比赛项目。
the chief events of 2020
The 800 metres is not his best event.
incident, accident, affair, event
析
辨
It is to books that I owe everything that is good in me．
— Gorky
我身上所有优秀的品质都要归功于书籍。
——高尔基
owe
马克西姆·高尔基（Maxim Gorky，1868 —1936），前苏联作家、诗人、评论家、政论家、学者，是社会主义、现实主义文学奠基人，苏联文学的创始人。高尔基自传体三部曲为《童年》《在人间》《我的大学》。他的代表作还有长篇小说《母亲》和剧本《小市民》等。他被授予列宁勋章，成为苏联共产党中央委员会成员。他的诞生地被改名为高尔基市。
owe R2 vt
欠（债） ：
owe sb sth (for sth) / owe sth to sb (for sth):
She still owes her father $5,000. / She still owes $5,000 to her father.
How much do I owe you for lunch
应给予：
owe sb sth / owe sth to sb:
I owe him an apology. / I owe an apology to him.
owe的词源义是“to have, own”，引申为“用拥有的去支付或偿还”。其基本义为“应偿还”。
owe 词源解读
应该把……归功于：
owe sth to sth:
He owes his good health to his regular life.
These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
owing to 因为；由于 (because of)：
Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for
a couple of hours.
应偿还
owe
（基本义）
“应偿还”金钱
应该把……归功于
“应偿还”事情发生的原因
“应偿还”解释或歉意等
欠（债）
应给予
owe 语义网络图
本单元金句汇总
1. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.
2. There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.
3. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.
4. Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
5. I owe him an apology. / I owe an apology to him.
6. Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
随堂检测
decrease
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The new treatment led to a huge decrease __________ the number of deaths.
2. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have __________ (decrease).（2017 江苏）
3. They decreased the size of the group __________ 25 __________ 15.
4. Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease __________ 40 per cent.
5. Campus talks have decreased __________ 10 percent this year.
in
decreased
from
to
of
by
一、根据句意选出trap的最佳释义。
_______ 1. She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
_______ 2. The only way to catch mice is to set a trap.
_______ 3. I’ll describe some situations that commonly arise between teenagers and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.（2010 湖北改）
b
a
c
trap
a.（捕捉鸟兽的）陷阱；夹子；罗网
b.（陷害人的）圈套；诡计
c. 牢笼；困境
二、根据句意写出下列句子中trap的汉语释义。
1. She felt trapped in her role of wife and mother. __________
2. The consequences could be serious if we don’t keep reducing emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere. __________
3. I was trapped into signing my name. _________________
使陷入困境
储存
使中计 / 使陷入圈套
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A bomb exploded at one of London’s busiest railway stations this morning. ___________
2. The population has exploded in the last ten years. ___________
3. He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter. ________
爆炸
激增
大笑起来
explode
根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. When the market for nutria（海狸鼠）collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.（2020 全国改） _________
2. The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. _________
3. He collapsed following a vigorous（剧烈的）exercise session at his home. _________
4. The enterprise collapsed through lack of support. _________
5. Our plans will collapse unless we get more help. _________
6. Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures. _________
崩溃
坍塌 / 倒塌
昏倒
失败
倒闭
collapse
暴跌
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1. The __________ caused some damage to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
2. The minister is busy with important __________ of state.
3. During the trip, I was busy recording every __________, name and place I came across in my diary.
4. Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual __________ aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
5. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big __________ could bring in money.
incident
accident
affairs
incident
event
events
event, accident, incident, affair
owe
翻译下列句子。
1. 我想我们应该向你道歉。
__________________________________________
2. 多亏了她的帮助，我们成功地启动了发动机。
___________________________, we succeeded in starting the engine.
3. 他认为他的成功是靠运气而不是因为自己有能力。
__________________________________________
4. 谢谢您给我买来这本杂志，我该付您多少钱
Thank you for the magazine you bought for me. ________________________
5. 顺便说一句, 我想你还欠我一些钱。
Incidentally, I think ____________________________.
I think maybe we owe you an apology.
Owing to her assistance / help
He owes his success more to luck than to ability.
How much do I owe you
you still owe me some money
谢
谢
观
赏