外研版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 A Glimpse of the Future 单元词汇讲解课件-(40张ppt)

(共40张PPT)
单
词
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：选择性必修三 Unit 4
1. artificial 词块：artificial intelligence (AI), an artificial smile
2. humanity human (n 人) + -ity (集合名词后缀)
3. assistant assist (v 帮助、协助) + -ant (名词后缀：表示人)
词块：a teaching / shop assistant
词族：assist, assistance, assistant
4. victim 词块：fall victim to / become a victim to
5. potentially potential (adj 潜在的) + -ly (副词后缀)
6. automation automatic (adj 自动的) + -ion (名词后缀)
7. capacity cap (to hold 容纳) + -acity (……的能力) → 容纳……的能力 (基本义)
词块：have the capacity to do / for (doing) sth
本单元词汇梳理
8. analyse analysis (n 分析) — analyse
ana- (完全) + lyse (解开) → (将事物) 完全解开 → 分析
词块：analyse the data
9. regulate regul (rule 规则) + -ate (动词后缀) → 使有规则 → 控制；管理
同根词：regular
派生词：regulation
10. illegal il- (not) + legal (adj 合法的)
词块：it’s illegal (for sb) to do sth
词族：legal, legally, illegal, illegally
11. immoral im- (not) + moral (adj 道德的)
词块：it’s immoral to do sth
词族：moral, immoral, morally, immorally
12. client client 来自拉丁语 clientem。在古罗马时期， clientem
指的是置身于某一贵族保护下的平民。作为代价，这些平民必须服从贵族，听候贵族的差遣，因此被称为 clientem，意思是“服从者、追随者”。刚进入英语时，client专指律师的客户，因为在法律事务上，客户必须听从律师的建议，就像是古代平民听从贵族的命令一样。随后， client 还可指医生、咨询顾问等专业人士的客户，他们通常会尊重并听从这些专业人士的建议。
13. cite cite指提及原因或举出示例，quote只用于举例；cite较quote正式，常用于较正式的场合中，如说明法律案件。
14. assess assess 精准的汉语释义：① “评”价，强调定性 ② 估“算”，强调定量；派生词：assessment
15. horizon 词块：on the horizon, broaden one’s horizon
16. reckon 非正式用语 (对应 think)
17. cell cell 原义为“连在一起的小房间”，比如修道院中修道士或修女住的房间、监狱里的房间、蜂巢中的蜂室。1665年，英国物理学家罗伯特·虎克在用自制显微镜观察软木切片时，发现里面有很多像蜂窝一样的小室，他将其称为cell（细胞）。实际上，他所看到的是死去的植物细胞的细胞壁，而第一个发现活细胞的科学家是安东·范·列文虎克。手机以前叫做cellular phone，缩写为cell phone，这是因为移动通信网络是蜂窝式结构的。不过现在通常叫做 mobile phone（移动电话）。
18. bound 词块：be bound to (do sth), be bound for
19. cycle 名词动词化“(使) 循环”“骑自行车 / 摩托车”
词族：cycle, cycling, recycle, cyclist, recycling, recyclable
20. demand de- (completely 完全) + mand (to order 命令、要求)
词块：meet / satisfy the demand of, supply and demand,
in demand, demand to do sth, demand that sb (should) do sth
派生词：demanding
21. wavelength 合成词：wave (n 波) + length (n 长度)
22. mechanical mechanic + -al；同源词：machine
23. tightly tight (adj 紧的) + -ly
24. desperate de- (without 没有) + sper (hope 希望) + -ate (形容词后缀) → 没有希望的；
一词多义，基本义：绝望的
词块：a desperate attempt, be desperate for sth / to do sth
派生词：desperately, desperation；同根词：despair
25. clue 词块：a clue to / about / as to sth
26. faulty fault (n 故障) + -y (有……特征的)
27. consistent con- (together 一起) + sist (to stand 站立) + -ent (形容词后缀) → 一起站立的 → 一致的；始终如一的
同根词：assist, resist
词块：be consistent with sth
assess
bound
demand
一词多义
英语释义
一词多义
desperate
搭配义
精准的汉语释义
搭配义
consistent
常见的
否定前缀
重难点词精讲
tight & tightly
一词多义
capacity
一词多义
capacity n
[C] & [U]［常用单数］容量 the greatest amount that a container or space can hold：
a water bottle with a capacity of 1 liter
The Beijing National Stadium, also known as
the “Bird’s Nest”, has a capacity of 80,000.
[C] & [U]［常用单数］领悟 / 理解 / 办事能力 the ability to understand or do sth：
Children have a remarkable capacity to learn / for learning languages.
She has an enormous capacity for hard work.
[U]［单数］产能 the amount that a factory or machine, etc. can produce：
At full capacity, China’s factories are only able to produce around 20 million masks a day.
构词：cap (to hold 容纳) + -acity (……的能力) → 容纳……的能力
capacity 语义网络图
容纳……的能力
capacity
基本义
“容纳”知识 / 事件的“能力”
工厂或机器所能“容纳”的生产“能力”
领悟 / 理解 / 办事能力
产能
容量
“容纳”人 / 事物的“能力”
评价；评定
assess
估算；估价
assess vt
评价；评定 to make a judgement about a person or situation (judge)：
It’s difficult to assess the impact of the President’s speech.
Many of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties.
估算；估价 to calculate the value or cost of sth (estimate)：
Damage to the building was assessed at 40,000.
assessment n [C] & [U] 评定；评价；估价；估算
精准的汉语释义：“评”价，强调定性
精准的汉语释义：估“算”，强调定量
assess 小结
assess
评价；评定
强调“定性”，与judge同义，后面不接具体的数字。
估算；估价
强调“定量”，与estimate同义，后面往往接具体的数字或how much等。
温故知新
根据所给汉语，完成句子。
Something good __________________________（一定会）to happen in the end when you do not give up!
is certain / sure
/ bound
bound
bound
adj［无比较级和最高级，不用于名词前］
必定的；一定的 certain to do sth：
(be) bound to do sth:
You’ve done so much work that you’re bound to pass the exam.
准备 / 正在到……去的；（车、船等）开往……的：
a Paris-bound plane
(be) bound for:
The train is bound for Shanghai.
vi 跳跃；跳跃着前进：
Polly came bounding into the room holding a letter.
bound
n
［复数］限制范围；界限：
go beyond / within the bounds
[C] 一跳
by / in leaps and bounds 迅速地；突飞猛进地：
Julie’s reading is improving in leaps and bounds.
demand
■ vt
（坚决）要求 to ask for sth firmly：
Taylor was able to demand very high pay for her movies.
① demand to do sth:
She demanded to see the manager.
② demand + that ... (should) do sth:
Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.
需要 to need sth in order to be done successfully：
This work demands care and patience.
注意英语释义
虚拟语气：从句谓语动词用should do, should可省略
demand
构词：de- (completely 完全) + mand (to order 命令) → 完全命令 → (坚决) 要求
注：不能说
demand sb to do sth
■ n
[C] 要求 a strong request or order that must be obeyed：
a demand for higher wages
meet / satisfy the demands of the customers (= to give
them what they are asking for)
[C] & [U] 需要；需求 the desire or need for sth / sb
among a group of people：
supply and demand
Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners.
In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. 2018 浙江
in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的：
While modeling business is by no means easy to get into,
the good model will always be in demand.
on demand [正式用语] 一经要求
【词汇拓展】
demanding adj
（工作等）要求高的；费力的 needing a lot of effort, skill, care, etc.：
He decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding job recently.
Though the book is short, it is demanding.
（人）要求严格的；苛求的 always wanting
attention or expecting very high standards of people：
a demanding boss
demand vs require
demand to ask for sth very firmly 指强烈要求、坚决要求
She demanded an immediate explanation.
require (often passive) (rather formal) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards 指要求做（某事）、达到（某水平），尤指根据法规或规定
All candidates will be required to take a short test.
可以借助英语释义辨析。
A man visiting a graveyard saw a tombstone that reads, “Here lies John Kelly, a lawyer and an honest man.” “How about that!” he exclaimed. “Money is so tight that they’ve got three people buried in one grave!”
a joke
tight & tightly
tight 的基本义为“紧的”。
tight adj
紧的；绷紧的 反 loose：
The drawer is so tight that I can’t open it.
She is wearing a tight pair of jeans.
（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的：
I can’t see you next week because the schedule is very tight.
There was a tight group of people around the speaker.
Money was always tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs.
tightly 构词：tight + -ly
时间、空间、经济等“紧的”
具体事物之间“紧的”
tightly来自tight，学tightly之前需要先学习tight
（关系） 紧密的：
a tight community
严格的：
The airport security is very tight.
adv 紧紧地；充分地：
Shut the door tight.
Sleep tight!
词汇拓展
tighten vi & vt（使）变紧；（使）加紧
关系“紧的”
要求等“紧的”
tight 语义网络图
紧的；绷紧的
（时间、空间）紧凑的；（经济）紧张的
具体事物之间“紧的”
（关系） 紧密的
要求等“紧的”
严格的
时间、空间、经济等
“紧的”
关系“紧的”
紧的
tight
基本义
desperate adj
绝望的；危急的：
I was so desperate on hearing that. 2008 湖北
不顾一切的；铤而走险的；孤注一掷的：
a desperate attempt
Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life.
极度渴望的；极需要的：
The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
词汇拓展
desperately adv 绝望地；非常
构词：de- (without 没有) + sper (hope 希望) + -ate (形容词后缀) → 没有希望的，其基本义即为“绝望的”
desperate词源解读
因“绝望”所以不顾一切
想摆脱“绝望的”困境而极需某物
consistent
con- (together 一起) + sist (to stand 站立) + -ent (形容词后缀) → 一起站立的 → 一致的；始终如一的
同根词：
assist: as- (to 到) + sist (to stand 站) → 站到某人身边 → 帮助；协助
resist: re- (against 对抗) + sist (to stand 站) → 站起来对抗 → 抗拒；抵抗
consistent
adj（人、言行、文章等）前后一致的；始终如一的；连续的:
Make sure that the tenses are consistent.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 2020 山东
be consistent with sth 与某物相一致；与某物相吻合：
What we say should be consistent with what we do.
词汇拓展
consistently adv 始终如一地；一贯地
否定前缀
原词 否定 legal 合法的
moral 道德的
aware 意识到的
agree 同意
understand 理解
在英语中可以在单词的词首加一个表示否定的前缀，变成该词的反义词。常见的否定前缀有：un-、in-、dis-、mal-、mis-、non- 等等。掌握不同的否定前缀，可以推断出大量的派生词词义。
在表格中的单词前加上表示否定意义的前缀，并说出其汉语释义。
illegal
immoral
unaware
disagree
misunderstand
违法的
不道德的
没意识到的
不同意
误解
常见的否定前缀 例词 词缀含义
dis-（常加在名词、形容词、动词前） discomfort, dishonest, dislike “非”、“无”、“不”、“未”等
in- （常加在形容词、名词、副词前） im-（常加在以字母m-、p-开头的形容词前） in-: inexpensive, incorrect im-: impossible, impolite il-: illegal, illogical, ir: irregular il-（常加在以字母l-开头的形容词前） ir-（常加在以字母r-开头的形容词前） un-（常加在形容词、副词、名词前） unusual, unhappiness non-（常加在名词、形容词、副词前） nonsense, nonstop mis-（常加在动词、名词前） misjudge, misfortune 知识梳理
本单元金句汇总
1. Children have a remarkable capacity to learn / for learning languages.
2. It’s difficult to assess the impact of the President’s speech.
3. You’ve done so much work that you’re bound to pass the exam.
4. Julie’s reading is improving in leaps and bounds.
5. Her teachers demanded that she wear longer skirts.
6. Money was always tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs. 2008 浙江
7. The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
8. What we say should be consistent with what we do.
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The fuel tank（油箱）has a capacity of 40 litres. ___________
2. The company has the capacity to build 15,000 trucks a year.
___________
3. The theatre has a seating capacity of 2,000. ___________
二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。
作为一个高中生，你必须有沟通和解决问题的能力。(have the capacity to do sth)
_______________________________________________________
capacity
容量
产能
能容纳
As a senior high school student, you must have the capacity to communicate and solve problems.
assess
一、根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的汉语释义。
评价；评定 估算；估价
1. Use the information below to assess how much money Dave and Jane will be able to give to charity. ____________
2. I was determined to be assessed as a musician, not as a deaf musician, and I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music in London. ____________
二、根据句意，选出下列句子中assess的近义词。
1. Our house is assessed at $200,000 but it’s only 2,100 square feet (judged / estimated) ____________
2. This exam is a tool to help me and you assess how well you are learning the course material. (judge / estimate) ____________


estimated
judge
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to happen. ___________
2. We tried to get seats on a Rome-bound flight. ___________
3. He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door. ___________
4. Her health has improved in leaps and bounds. ___________
5. The plane is bound for Tokyo. ___________
肯定会发生 / 在所难免
开往罗马的
跳上
bound
迅速
开往……
demand
一、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella _____________（需要时）.
2. _______________________________________（应观众的强烈要求）, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
3. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are _______________（大受欢迎）in this city.
4. It is self-evident that we will never have enough resources to __________________（满足需求）.
on demand
In response to the audience’s great demand
in great demand
meet the demand
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 如有任何需要，我很乐意帮忙。
___________________________________________________
2. 在中国对理科毕业生的需求大于文科毕业生。 ___________________________________________________
3. 这位老师要求学生们准时到校。
___________________________________________________
4. 法律规定必须系安全带。
___________________________________________________
Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
You are required by law to wear a seat belt.
The teacher demanded that the students (should) be on time to every class.
If there is any demand, I would be very happy to help.
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. My shoes were so tight that I could hardly walk. __________
2. Time is tight, and she has another meeting to go to this afternoon.
__________
3. Together, the young film-makers formed a tight group. __________
4. Anna was determined to keep a tight hold on her feelings. __________
5. The driver slowed down at a tight bend in the road. __________
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold __________ (tight) to its mother.（2013 浙江）
2. I used my thumbnail to __________ (tight) the screw（螺丝）on my lamp.
tight
紧的
时间紧张
关系紧密的
牢牢控制
急转弯
tightly
tighten
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Time was running out and we were getting desperate. _________
2. The doctors made one last desperate effort to save the boy’s life. _________
3. The children are in desperate need of love and attention. _________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. He was so desperate _________ a job that he would have done anything.
2. He was desperate _________ (tell) someone his good news.
3. They fought _________ (desperate) for their lives.
绝望的
拼命努力
非常需要
desperate
for
to tell
desperately
consistent
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Your conduct is not consistent with what you say. _________
2. She is a consistent girl in her feeling. _________
3. There has been consistent growth in 5G mobile subscribers. ________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. There has been a ____________ (consist) improvement in her attitude.
2. The results are entirely consistent ____________ our earlier research.
3. We have argued ____________ (consistent) for a change in the law.
consistent
with
consistently
言行不一
始终如一的
连续的
谢
谢
观
赏