2023届上海市高考英语翻译常考短语&成语&句型 讲义 (1)（含答案）

翻译常考短语&成语&句型 知识点梳理 （一）常考短语与句型 1. ...的原因是... (reason) The reason why...is that... 2. 据说/据报道/据称（注意两种表达方式） It is said/reported/claimed that...=sb/sth be said/reported/claimed to do/have done sth 3. 某人似乎要做/正在做/做了某事 (seem) sb seem to do/ to be doing / to have done It seems/seemed that... 4. 某人碰巧做/正在做/做了某事 (happen) sb happen to do/to be doing / to have done It (so) happens/happened that 5. (某地)曾经有.../似乎有/碰巧有 (there) There used to be.../There seem to be.../There happen to be... 6. 人们/大家普遍认为 It is generally believed/thought/accepted that... It is (generally) believed that...=sb/sth be believed to do sth 7. 某人想到某事 (occur) sth occur to sb=sth strike sb It occurred to sb that=It struck sb that 8. 做...是没有用/好处的 It is no use/good doing sth做...是浪费时间的 It is a waste of time doing sth 9. 认为...理所当然(grant) sb take sth for granted=sb take it for granted that=It is taken for granted that... 10. 很可能... (likely) It is (very) likely that... =sb/sth be likely to do sth 11. 难怪，怪不得 (It is) no wonder (that) ... 12. 当说到...时(come) When it comes to ... 13. 规定 (rule) sb make it a rule that... 14. 对某人来说重要的是... What matters to sb is/was... 15. 是....才是重要的。 It is... that matter. =It is... that count. 16. …使某人可能做某事 sth make it possible for sb to do sth 17. 某人表明… sb make it clear that… 18. 某人觉得很难做某事 sb find it hard/difficult to do sth 19. 某人做某事有困难 It is difficult for sb to do sth sb have difficulty (in) doing sth 20. 牢记，记住… sb bear/keep sth in mind… sb bear/keep in mind that…(没有it) 21. 确保 ensure that…=make sure that…=see to it that… 22. 如果你能做…的话我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it very much if you could do sth 23. 不尽如人意 far from satisfactory 24. 不久某人就要做某事了。 It won’t/will be long/ +一段时间 before sb does sth. It was/wasn’t +一段时间 before sb did sth. 25. 这是某人第一次做某事。 It is the first time that sb have done sth It was the first time that sb had done sth 26. ….由某人来定夺。 …is up to sb. It is up to sb+to do/主语从句 27. 尽管天气不好(despite) Despite the bad weather, Despite the fact that the weather was bad, 28. 做…是没有意义的。（point/sense） There is no point/sense (in) doing sth… 29. 某人没有必要做某事 There is no need for sb to do sth 30. 无可否认… There is no denying that… 31. 有可能/不可能…（possibility/chance） There is a/no possibility/chance that… There is a/no possibility/chance of one’s doing sth 32. 消息传来说… Word came that… 33. 让我印象最深的是…. What impressed/struck me most was… 34.意想不到，意料之外 beyond/out of one’s expectation 35. 事与愿违，… Contrary to one’s wish / Contrary to what sb wish for 36. 与某人预期的相反 Contrary to one’s expectation / Contrary to what sb (had) expected 37. 未必（not necessarily） 38. 从...来判断(judge) Judging from/by.... 39. 某人坚信...（belief） sb hold a firm belief that… 40. 有迹象表明...(sign) There is a sign that... 41. 向某人保证，使某人相信…(assure) assure sb of sth assure sb that 42. ...一致认为…（agreement） sb reach the agreement that... 得出结论 draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion 44. 某人刚要做某事突然...(about) sb was about to do sth when sth happened=sb was on the point of doing sth when sth happened 45. 某人有接近…的方法，某人可获得..., 某人有...的权利(access) sb have access to sth 46. 可接近，可进入； 可获得 sth be accessible to sb； sth be available to to 47. 别无选择只能做某事，不得不做某事(but) have no choice/alternative/option but to do sth 48. 情不自禁做某事(help) can’t help doing sth 49. 某人该为了...而受责备(blame) sb be to blame for sth 50. 某人充分意识到...(aware/conscious)+名词短语/wh-宾语从句 sb be fully/well aware of sth/ wh- sb be fully conscious of sth/wh- sb be fully aware that... 51. 某人不妨做某事（may/might） sb may/might (just) as well do sth 52. 到...为止，某人已经做了...(by the time) By the time sb does sth, sb will have done sth(将来) By the time sb did sth, sb had done sth(过去) 53. 使某人失望的是/使某人尴尬的是/使某人开心的是/使某人惊讶的是/使某人宽慰的是/使某人悲伤的是/使某人满意的是/使某人后悔/遗憾的是 To one’s disappointment/embarrassment/joy/delight/surprise/astonishment/relief/sorrow/satisfaction/ regret 54. 某人深感荣幸做某事(honour) sb feel it a great honour to do sth It is a great honour for sb to do sth sb feel much honoured to do sth 55. 把...考虑在内(take) take sth into account/ consideration 56. 值得做某事 be worth doing/be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done/It’s worthwhile doing/to do 该受责备 be to blame 一定会，务必 be sure to do （二）常考成语 1.机不可失,失不在来 Opportunity knocks only once 2.事实胜于雄辩 Actions speak louder than words 3.活到老学到老 It is never too old to learn 4.千里之行始于足下 A thousand –li journey begins /starts with the first step 5.人不可貌相,海水不可斗量 A man can’t be judged by his appearance, nor can the sea water be measured by bucket. 6.宾至如归 feel at home/home like 7.并驾齐驱 keep pace with/keep up with 8.默默无闻 be unknown to the public/remain unknown/nameless 9.百读不厌 be worth reading again and again 10.并非一日之功 sth be not the work of a single day/sth be not made in a single day (Rome was not built in a day.) 11.勤能补拙 hard work can make up for lack of intelligence 12.留连忘返 want to stay longer/not want to leave so soon 13.获益匪浅 benefit a lot from sth/profit from/by sth 14.理所当然 It’s only right and natural that…/It goes without saying that… 15.略胜一筹 be slightly superior to/be better than 16.满载而归 back home /return with fruitful results/with load honors 17.梦寐以求 dream of sth /dream about sth /long for sth day and night 18.名列前茅 come out in front /leave many others behind/ rank high on the list 19. 名列第一 second to none/ come out first/rank first on the list 20.无以伦比 beyond comparison /incomparable/unique 21.迫不及待 can’t wait to do /too impatient to wait/wait impatiently 22.光阴似箭 Time doesn’t wait for us/How time flies/Time and tide wait for no man. 23.熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect. 24.鼠目寸光 short-sighted/near-sighted 25.置若罔闻 turn a deaf ear to sth /take no notice of sth 26.熟视无睹 turn a blind eye to sth 27.爱不释手 can’t bear /stand to put sth down (leave sth aside)/can hardly tear oneself away from sth 28.不厌其烦 be patient in doing sth/do sth with great patience 29.碍手碍脚 be /get /stand in the way 30.安然无恙 (be) safe and sound 31.昂首阔步 march forward in high spirits 32.半途而废 drop out /give up halfway 33..奔走相告 run around/about spreading the news/spread news far and wide 34.必由之路 the inevitable way to do sth/ the only way to do sth 35.标新立异/别出心裁 seek to be different/strive to be unique 36.无人问津 nobody shows interest in 37.别开生面 start sth new 38.喜出望外/欣喜若狂 be wild with joy 39.大相径庭a striking contrast 40.不出所料 just as expected/within expectations 41.不合适宜 out of date/fashion 42.不慌不忙 calmly/unhurriedly 43.不假思索/毫不犹豫 without hesitation 44.不可估量 immeasurable /beyond measure 45.不可思议 incredible/unbelievable/unimaginable/beyond belief 46.不可救药 incurable/beyond cure 47.不容质疑 There is no doubt that…/ It goes without saying that… 48.不失时机 seize every opportunity to do sth/not lose the chance to do sth/ not miss the chance to do sth 49.环顾四周 look about/around 50.情不自禁/不由自主can’t help doing sth /can’t help but do sth 51.车水马龙/ 人山人海 sp. be crowded with people and vehicles/sp be crowded with heavy traffic and a sea of people 52.出乎意料 to one’s surprise/out of one’s expectation/unexpectedly 53.全心全意/诚心诚意 do sth heart and soul/do sth from the bottom of one’s heart 54.持之以恒 persevere in doing sth /stick to doing sth /insist on doing sth/persist in doing sth 55出人头地 get ahead/mark one’s name 56.驰名中外 be famous at home and abroad 57.首屈一指/出类拔萃 be second to none/get ahead of all the others/ be outstanding/be remarkable/stand out 58.心不在焉 be absent-minded/be inattentive 59.吹毛求疵 find fault with sb 60.从容不迫do sth with great ease/unhurriedly/ calmly 61.错综复杂 be complicated/be complex 62.引人注目 catch one’s eye/attract one’s attention/catch one’s attention/draw one’s attention/be noticeable 63.依依不舍 be reluctant to part /can’t bear to part /can’t tear oneself away from sp. 64.坐失良机 miss golden opportunities/let golden opportunities slip by 65.有目共睹 It is clear to all that…/It is obviously seen that… 66.杂乱无章 be in a mess/ be out of order/ be in disorder 67.置之度外 with no thought for/not care about sth/without thinking of sth 68.专心致志 be absorbed in (doing)sth/concentrate on(doing)sth/be devoted to(doing) sth/put one’s heart into (doing) sth /get lost in (doing) sth 69.全力以赴 spare no effort to do sth / devote oneself to (doing)sth 70.三心二意 change one’s mind constantly/be of two minds about sth/have two minds about sth/be undecided about sth/be changeable about sth 课堂检测 1、时态语态（每个翻译句子都要注意时态语态） 这位总统一直为缓慢的经济复苏和诸多外交事务的挑战忧心忡忡，但至今仍束手无策。(worry) The president has been worrying about the slow economic recovery and many challenges in foreign affairs, but so far he hasn’t found a way out. 当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice） At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist / traveler (for help). 我已经制定了本学期的班级计划，现在大家应该将其付诸实践。(practice) I have made the plan of our class for this semester, and now everybody is supposed to put it into practice. 自从电脑发明以来，人们一直通过电子邮件来保持联系。（by means of） Since the invention of the computer, people have been keeping in touch with each other by means of emails. 应该鼓励孩子们根据自己的兴趣爱好去选择书籍。（in terms of） Children should be encouraged to choose books in terms of their own interests. 定语从句 不放弃的人永远不会被击败。（who） A person who doesn’t give up can never be defeated. 让没有受过专业培训的人操纵机器是不负责任的行为。(who) It is irresponsible to allow someone who hasn’t received professional training to operate the machine. 他从来都是毫不犹豫的提出那些他认为对别人有帮助的批评。(hesitate) He never hesitates to make the criticisms that he considers helpful to others. 正如之前预料的一样，参与家长会的很多家长自告奋勇承担了校园检查员的职务。（as） As was expected beforehand, many parents who attended the parents’ meeting volunteered to take on the responsibility of campus inspectors. 这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。(…why…) The reason why the book is highly recommended is that it provides us with hope and inspiration. 有些动物灭绝的原因是它们无法适应新的环境，因此我们必须注意保持生态平衡。 （adapt) The reason why some animals became extinct was that they couldn’t adapt to the new environment , so we must pay attention to keeping the balance of nature. 很多新移民无法适应新生活的原因在于他们不能很好理解并融入当地文化。（adapt） The reason why many new immigrants are unable to adapt themselves to new life is that they can’t fully understand and fit into local culture. 他在一些无关紧要的事上花费太多时间，导致了整个项目的失败。(lead to) He spent too much time in doing what was unimportant, which led to the failure of the whole project. 有时我们发现自己处于这样的窘境：即便觉得自己所做的不对，也要勉强为之。( where) Sometimes we find ourselves in embarrassing situations, where we do certain things even if we feel what we are doing is wrong. 先进的电脑技术正在逐渐改变我们的购物方式。（way） Advanced computer science is gradually changing/transforming the way we shop/do shopping. Or: …changing/transforming our way of doing shopping. 选举结果出乎意料，这令大多数人颇为失望。（which） The outcome/result of the election was out of expectation, which made most people feel disappointed. 鼓励市民买电动汽车，这从长远来看将有助于促进低碳经济。(which) Citizens are encouraged to buy electronic cars, which, in the long run, will help to promote the low-carbon economy. 无论你学什么，最要紧的不是考试成绩而是学习过程, 这是学生常忽视的。（which） Whatever you learn, what matters most is not the result of examinations, but the process of learning, which is often neglected by students. 昨天我把那台不能用的空调退还给了出售它的商店并得到了退款。(where) Yesterday I returned the useless air-conditioner to the shop where it was sold /I bought it and got a/the refund. 名词性从句 主语从句和表语从句 新政策会给我们带来好处还是危害还得拭目以待。(remain) Whether the new policy will do us harm or not remains to be seen. 昨天他在小组讨论中关于添置运动设备的提议是否能付诸实践还得拭目以待。(whether) It remains to be seen whether his proposal of purchasing/ buying more sports facilities in the group discussion yesterday can be put into practice. 这位百万富翁从来没有想到有朝一日他不得不向银行申请贷款。（occur） It never occurred to the millionaire that he had no choice/option/alternative but to apply to the bank for loans some day. 我从未想到过会在机场遇到多年未曾谋面的老朋友。(It) It never occurred to me that I would meet my old friend (who/whom) I hadn’t seen for quite a few years at the airport. 这条马路何时通车还不清楚。(It) It is not clear/obvious when the road is to be opened to traffic. 很难想象人的一生总是一帆风顺，所以我们能做的就是抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。（It） It is hard to imagine that our life is always smooth, so what we can do is to hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 据报道，上海所有的学校操场都将寒暑假期间免费向市民开放。（access） It is reported the citizens will have free access to all the playgrounds in Shanghai during the winter and summer vacation. 听说他的幽默感为英语节开幕式平添了一份快乐。(add） It was said that his sense of humor had added to happiness of the opening ceremony of English festival. 似乎年轻父母更注重孩子的语言学习。(seem) It seems that young parents pay more attention to a kid's language learning. 无论谁想要成功必先明白这个道理“成功来自艰苦的付出和坚持不懈”。 （Whoever） Whoever wants to be successful should first understand the principle that success comes from hard effort/ work and persistence/ perseverance. 人生最重要的不是我们置身何处，而是我们将前往何处。(matter) What matters in our life is not where we are, but where we are going . 对学生而言真正重要的是在获取知识的过程中养成良好的习惯。（matter） What matters to students most is that they should develop good habits in the process of acquiring knowledge. 重要的不是你在考试中得了几分，而是你是否努力了。（matter） What matters is not what score you have got in the exam, but whether you have studied hard. 这位专家的建议是学校应该努力提高学生们的健康意识。(suggestion) The expert’s suggestion is that schools should raise students’ awareness of health. 宾语从句 飞机起飞前，乘务员的职责之一就是确保所有乘客都系好安全带。(ensure) Before the plane takes off, one of the flight attendants’ duties is to ensure that all the passengers have fastened their seat belts. 我以为你会和我一起乘高铁去北京。（think) I thought you would go to Beijing with me by high-speed rail. 学生是否必须穿校服，校方和家长各执一词。(opinion) The school (authority) and parents have / hold different opinions on whether students must wear school uniforms. 为确保行程如期开始，要求游客出发前一个月申请签证。（guarantee） To guarantee that trips can begin on schedule, visitors are required to apply for the visa one month before departure. 同位语从句 消息传来在新西兰发生地震后，中国政府立即租用直升机实施救援，为此国人感到十分自豪。(word) Word came that the Chinese government rented helicopters to rescue victims/ carry out rescue operations immediately after the earthquake hit New Zealand, which made Chinese people very proud. 人工智能程序AlphaGo打败顶级职业选手的消息引起了全世界的关注。（concern） The news that artificial intelligence program AlphaGo defeated top professional player has caused worldwide concern. 消费者对冷冻食品失去信心的事实令生产厂家一筹莫展。（loss) The fact that consumers have lost confidence in frozen food makes the manufacturers at a loss. 无用信息的传播会对人类社会产生不利影响的事实已经引起公众的注意。（that） The fact that the spread of useless information can have a bad effect on human society has attracted the attention/awareness of the public. 我们应该将有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去的说法过时了吗？(devote) Is the saying that we should devote our limited life to the unlimited work of serving people out of date 经过多年大量的研究，科学家们得出了地球正在日益变暖的明确结论。（conclusion） After a great deal of/much/a lot of research for years, scientists reached/came to a definite conclusion that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer. 没有同事的帮助，他一个人是不可能在这么短时间内完成这个项目的。（possibility） Without his colleague’s help, there is no possibility that he can finish the project in such a short time. 状语从句 时间 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。（The moment…） The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy. 这段30分钟的视频上传网上只有两小时，就有成千上万的人观看过。( after) Thousands of people viewed the 30- minute video only two hours after it was posted on the web. 说到教育，大部分人认为是一个终生学习。（When） When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that it is a lifetime study. 还要过很长一段时间，普通人才能去太空旅行。（before） It will be a long time before common people can travel to space/ can go travelling in space. 把新的科学发现应用于工业生产要花几年的时间。（before） It will be several years before new scientific discoveries are applied to industrial production. 要不了多久我的同学们定能学会抵制网络游戏的诱惑。（It） It won’t be long before my classmates (fellow students) can learn to resist the temptation of (playing) online games. 每一次他要做演讲，他总会做一些笔记，提醒他自己想要说的要点。（remind） Every time he is to give a speech, he makes a few notes to remind himself of what he wants to say. 这种病毒在德国医生偶然发现它之前，一直不为人知。 (until) The (This kind of) virus wasn't known until a German doctor (had) discovered it by chance /accident. The (This kind of) virus wasn't known until it (was) had been discovered by a German doctor by chance/accident. 尽管一次次碰壁，但他们决定继续这个项目，直到达成目标为止。(regardless) Regardless of one failure after another, they were determined to go on with the project until they achieved their goal. 随着高考的临近，越来越多的学生开始关心自己要选的大学和专业了。(As) As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near/approaching/coming, more and more students begin to concern about the universities and majors they want to choose. 等这条铁路延伸至那座偏远的小城之后，当地的经济一定会得到迅猛的发展。（by the time） By the time this railroad has been extended to the remote small city, the local economy is sure to develop/be developed very fast. 原因 汤姆错过了那场公众评价很高的电影，并非因为买不到电影票，而是因为交通堵塞。（available） Tom missed the movie (which / that) the public speak / spoke highly of not because the movie ticket was not available but because he met with / came across a traffic jam. 我们非常关心食品质量，因为它与每一个人的健康都息息相关。(concern) We are all concerned about the food quality because it is closely related to everyone’s health. 目的 家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 养成每天看天气预报的习惯，这样你就能够应付上海变幻莫测、变化多端的天气了。（so that） Make a habit of watching weather forecast every day, so that you can cope with the unpredictable and changeable weather in shanghai. 结果 他有着如此坚强的意志，定会不遗余力，力争提前完成任务。(such… that) He has such a strong will that he is he is sure to spare no effort and try to finish the task in advance. 她的有关个人奋斗的演讲很真诚，让我们感动得几乎流泪。（…such …that…） She made/ delivered such a heartfelt/sincere speech about her personal strivings that we were almost moved to tears. 条件 如果我们换个角度来看问题，也许能找到切实可行的解决办法。(If) If we view the problem from a different angle, we might be able to find a practical solution. 如果你能带我参观一下你们的校园，我将非常感谢。 I would appreciate it very much if you could show me around your campus. 如果你能尽快给我一个明确的答复，我将不胜感激。（appreciate） I would appreciate it very much if you could give me a definite/clear answer as soon as possible. 你方便的话，放学后请帮我把上周借的书还到图书馆去。(convenient) If it is convenient to you, please return the books which were borrowed last week to the library after school. 孩子成年了还啃老，父母也是有责任的，甚至动物也知道应该教下一代如何生存。( responsible ) If a child depends on his (or her )parents / If children depend on their parents for everything, his (or her) / their parents are responsible for it, as/ because / since even animals know ( that ) they should teach their children how to survive. 你们俩若要合作，必须清楚地意识到你们不可能改变对方的个性而应学着相互尊重。(aware) If you two want to cooperate, you must be clearly aware that you can’t change the personality of the other but should learn to respect each other. 除非你听从李教授昨天给你的忠告，否则你将一事无成。(unless) You will achieve nothing unless you follow the advice (that/which) Professor Li gave you yesterday. 就我所知，他肯定能信守诺言。（sure） As far as I know, he is sure to keep his promise. 如果均衡饮食，就没用必要服用维生素片。（need） There is no need to take vitamin pills if you have a balanced diet. 比较 你接触的原版小说越多，对英美文化的了解就越深。（expose） The more original novels you are exposed to, the deeper understanding you’ll have on the British and American culture. 综上所述，我们可以得出这样一个结论：家庭越幸福，你就会越长寿。（conclusion） From the above/ As has been stated above, we can come to the conclusion that the happier your family is, the longer you will live. 现代互联网技术的发展越先进，人们在现实生活中的人际关系可能就会越疏远。（likely） The more advanced the development of modern Internet technology is, the more distant the relationships between people / people’s relationships are likely to be / become in the real life / world. 经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as) After years of construction, this town is as lively now as it used to be before the earthquake. 让步 尽管我们无法预测将来会发生什么事，但我们可以未雨绸缪。(plan) While we can’t predict what will happen in the future, we can plan ahead. 虽然空气污染被公认为是这个地区最严重的问题，但是当地政府所采取的行动还远不尽如人意。（take action） Although it is generally accepted that air pollution is the most serious problem in this area, the action the local government is taking is far from satisfactory. 虽然以前他从未处理过这样棘手的问题，但令人意想不到的是，他表现得非常游刃有余。（Although） Although he had never dealt with such tough problems, out of people’s expectation, he performed well. 与会者来自各行各业，但他们对教育的重要性问题的看法却是一致的。(Although) Although the people attending/at the meeting come from all walks of life, they share a common opinion/view on the importance of education. 无论他编造了多少借口，他都得为因自己失误而造成的后果买单。（no matter） No matter how many excuses he made up, he had to pay the price for the consequences caused by his errors. 不管学生提出什么问题，这位老师总是耐心回答。(patience) Whatever questions the students may ask , the teacher would answer them with patience. 无论是短途旅行还是参加体育比赛，你最好把健康保险考虑在内。（whether) Whether you will go on an excursion or participate in a sports event , you had better take health insurance into consideration. 有些题目虽看似复杂，但只要有足够的信心和毅力，通过反复摸索它们终会迎刃而解。 Complicated/Complex as some problems (may) seem, they will be settled/work out/solved at last/eventually by/through trial and error, as long as we have enough confidence and perseverance. 强调句 正是因为社会过份注重外表，不少年轻人改变了他们原有的饮食习惯。(It) It is because society puts too much value / emphasis on / focuses too much on appearance that teenagers / young people have changed their original dieting / eating habits. 你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见嫌犯实施犯罪？ (it) Was it in the newly opened restaurant that you witnessed / saw (that) the suspect committed the crime …saw the suspect commit / committing the crime… 正是他在一家IT公司的工作经历才使他在众多的申请者中脱颖而出。（enable） It was his working experience in an IT company that enabled him to stand out among so many applicants. 是一个外国人不顾自己的安危救了那个轻生的男子。 （It） It was a foreigner that/ who saved the man trying/ who tried to kill himself/ commit suicide without considering his own safety. 是我的志愿者经历让我被这所大学录取了。（It） It was my volunteer experience that helped me to be admitted by the university. 正是高三的学习经历使我们相信无论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将会得到回报。（ convince, pay off ） It was the learning experience in Senior Three that convinced us that however hard the process was, our efforts would eventually pay off. it作形式主语和宾语 你真周到，帮我预先定好了票子。（It） It is so considerate of you to have booked the ticket for me in advance./ahead of time/ beforehand. 是时候采取行动控制私车数量以缓解高峰时期的交通压力。(relieve) It is time to take action to control the quantity of (the) private cars so as to relieve the traffic burden during the rush hours. 新建的游乐场令社区内的孩子们有可能在周末消磨一些美好时光。（possible） The newly-built amusement park has made it possible for the children in the community to spend some pleasant time at weekends. 说服她不再网购是没有任何作用的。(It) It is no use persuading her not to do online shopping any more. 这是他第一次出国，是吗？(It) It’s the first time that he has been abroad, isn’ t it 圣诞节来临，购物中心里人潮涌动，这已经不足为奇了。（It） It is common/not surprising that shopping centers are crowded with people when Christmas is approaching/drawing near/coming. 被称为“发展中国家”并不一定是坏事，只有这样我们才能永远在发展的路上前进，追求更为高远的目标。（It) It is not necessarily a bad thing to be called “developing country”, since only in this way can we stick to the road of developing forever for higher goals. 人们理所当然地认为颜值高的人有可能受到雇主的青睐。(grant) It’s taken for granted that those with good physical appearance are more likely to be favored by their employers. 同事们从来没有想到，他会想方设法完成大家认为不可能完成的任务（occur） It never occurred to the colleagues that he could try every possible means to accomplish the tasks which they all considered impossible. 显而易见，现代社会正在步入一个使机机对话变得十分便利的新时代。(when) It is obvious that our modern society is stepping into a new era when robot-to-robot communications are made very easy. 据说那位年轻教授当众反对了校长的提议。(object) It was said that the young professor objected to the headmaster’s proposal in public. 事实证明，你尝试的越多，就越有可能提前取得成功。(the more…) It is proved that the more you try, the more likely you are to achieve success in advance. 据报道，政府已经下定决心要解决环境污染问题。(determine) It is reported that the government has been determined to solve the problems of environmental pollution. 大家一致认为任何有责任心和毅力的人都有资格申请该职位。（whoever） It is thought that whoever has a sense of responsibility and perseverance/ persistence is qualified to apply for the position. 倒装句 否定词和词组 我再也抑制不住看篮球比赛的冲动。(no longer) I could no longer resist the urge to watch the basketball match last night. 杰克难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多。（Seldom） Seldom did / does Jack go / turn to / ask his teacher(s) for help, because he thought / thinks self-study / teaching himself would / will benefit himself more / give (bring) more benefits to him. 学生们难得有机会目睹那位著名的诺贝尔文学奖获得者。(Seldom) Seldom do students have a chance / an opportunity to see the famous winner of the Nobel Prize for literature. 我做梦也想不到会在这次化学竞赛中获一等奖。（Little) Little did I dream of being able to win the first prize in this chemistry contest. 他从未想到自己经历十多年的努力后，终于能在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出，并赢得这么多的掌声和鼓励。(Never…) Never did it occur to him that he could stand out in the fierce competition and win so much applause and encouragement after over ten years of hard work. 任何情况下父母都不能强迫孩子去做超出他们能力范围的事情。 (circumstances) Under no circumstances can parents force their kids to do what is beyond their capacity. 学校董事会没有批准这一提案，也没有做出任何解释。（nor） The school board did not approve the proposal, nor did they make an explanation. 他生来就有残疾，但从不沮丧，也从未屈服于困难。( nor ) He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he ever give in to any difficulty. Although / Though / While he was disabled from birth, he never felt frustrated, nor did he ever give in to any difficulty. Not only... but also 垃圾分类不仅有助于环境保护还有利于废物循环利用，所以人人要行动起来。（Not only) Not only does classifying/sorting rubbish help protect the environment, but also it helps recycle waste materials, so everyone should take action. 志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以提高他们与陌生人合作的意识。（Not only...）(可用于写作) Not only can volunteer activities enable teenagers to learn how to help the disabled, but they can also raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers. Not only can volunteer activities make teenagers learn how to help the disabled, but they can raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers as well. 中外游客们不仅领略了古城的美景，也对当地的传统文化和悠久历史有了一个大致的了解。(Not only) Not only did the visitors from home and abroad appreciate the beauty of the ancient city, but also had a rough idea of the local traditional culture and the long history. 不但政府应该制定政策防止进一步污染，而且每个公民都该责无旁贷地保护环境。(Not only) Not only should the government make policies to prevent further pollution, but also every citizen should take full responsibility for protecting the environment. Only 只有充分利用你遇到的每个机会，你才能实现自己的梦想。（Only) Only by making full use of every chance that you come across can you realize your dream. 整个团队只有互相配合才能按时完成这项任务。（Only） Only by cooperating with each other can the whole team finish this task on time/schedule/punctually. 他只是在特殊场合才戴那根领带以配他的衬衫。(Only) Only on special occasions will he wear that tie to go with/match his shirt. 只有自己愿意投身其中你才能做好你正在做的事情。（Only) Only when you will devote yourself to what you are doing can you do it well. 只有相关各方更多地关注青少年，他们才能形成正确的价值观。(Only) Only if parties concerned pay more attention to the younger generation will teenagers form proper values. 他到美国呆了一段时间后，才知道之前他对这个国家的了解是何等肤浅。(Only) Only after he stayed in America for some time did he know / realize how poor his knowledge of the country was. So/Such...that 他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。(So...) So badly was he wounded/ hurt that he should be sent to hospital immediately. 手机在人们日常生活中起着如此重要的作用，没有人敢不带手机去旅行。（So...) So important a role/ part does the mobile phone/ do mobile phones play in people’s daily life that no one dares to travel without it. 他在那个偏远小镇过着如此宁静的生活以至于他都不想返回家乡了。（Such） Such a peaceful life does he live in that remote small town that he doesn’t feel like returning to his hometown. Hardly...when/No sooner...than 他高中一毕业就迫不及待地出国旅游去了。 （Hardly） Hardly had he graduated from the high school when he hurried to travel aboard. 这款手机一上市就吸引了世界各地的年轻人。（Hardly） Hardly had this kind of cell phone been put / been launched on the market when it attracted/drew/appealed to young people all over/across / throughout the world. 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner) （2013高考） No sooner had she finished watching that programme about those extinct species, than she decided to join the Wildlife Conservation Organization. Not until 直到他走出空调房间，才意识到今天有多冷（Not...) Not until he went out of the air-conditioned room did he realize how cold it is today. 直到那位母亲确信她的儿子已安然无恙地到家，她才松了一口气。(Not until…) Not until the mother made sure that her son had got home safe and sound did she feel relieved. 直到最近发生了一系列空难事故后，人们才开始关注飞行员的心理健康。(Not) Not until series of air crash happened did people begin to pay attention to pilots’ psychological health. as引导让步状语从句 在线预订出租车虽然很时尚，但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as) Fashionable as booking a taxi online is, many related problems remain to be settled/ solved. 尽管她独身一人，但是她忙于妇女权利方面的工作，所以一点也不感到孤独。(as) Alone as she is, she is so busy with her work for women's rights that she feels anything but lonely. 全部倒装 网购存在风险，因此下单之前的深思熟虑有助于避免不必要的损失。(exist) There exist risks in online shopping, so careful consideration before placing an order can help avoid unnecessary losses. 那个刚被批评的女孩哭着跑了出去，根本不知道这样其实让她的父母更伤心。(Out) Out rushed the boy who had just been criticized, crying and not knowing at all that in fact it made his parents sadder. 她的内心深处一直存着一个疑惑，她可能是18年前被父母领养的。(In the depth) In the depth of her heart always lies a suspicion that she might have been adopted by her parents eighteen years ago. 8、非谓语 阅读英文报能使完美接触大量的词汇。（expose） Reading English newspapers can expose us to a large vocabulary. 与有不同价值观的人接触对孩子的成长有好处。(expose) Being exposed to people with different values does good to children’s growth. 没日没夜地工作对他的健康消耗很大，因此不久他就病倒了。(drain) Working day and night was a great drain on his health/drained his health greatly, so he fell ill soon. 犯了这么严重的错误，你解释也无济于事。（no use） You have made so serious a mistake/such a serious mistake that it is no use explaining. 杰克收到老师表扬这件事使他的父母很高兴。（动名词） Jack’s having been praised by the teacher pleased his parents. 我很难在这份菜单上找到素食。(difficulty) I have / had （great）difficulty (in)finding vegetarian food / dishes on this menu. 对于越来越多的城市居民而言，有车意味着得拼命去找一个停车位。（mean) To / For more and more/ a growing number of city residents , having a car means trying /struggling/making efforts to find a parking place. 为了赶时髦，一些年轻人花费一个月的工资去购买新发行的电子产品。(spend) To follow the fashion, some young people spend one-month salary in buying a newly-released electronic product. 虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。（too…to…） Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears. 今天下午我太累了，就取消了和Smith先生的约会。(so…as to…) I was so tired this afternoon as to cancel the appointment with Mr. Smith. 干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（Why） Why not / Why don’t you go to the cinema to relax yourself 为了免受交通拥挤之苦, 越来越多的市民搬到了市郊，享受渴望已久的宁静生活。(free) To be free of (from) heavy traffic, more and more citizens move to the suburbs, enjoying a peaceful life(which/that) they have been eager for a long time. 这个明年将竣工的游乐园可为当地创造5万个新职位。(entertainment) The entertainment park to be completed next year can create 50,000 new jobs for the local area. 考虑到成本问题，他们不得不拒绝我们这个独具匠心的提议。（alternative） Considering the cost, they had no alternative but to turn down our unique proposal. 接完电话，他既没关门也没关灯就匆匆忙忙离开了办公室。（with） Having answered the phone, he left the office in a hurry with the door open and the light(s ) on. 沿外滩一路缓步走来，你可以欣赏到从19世纪到21世纪的各种不同风格的欧式建筑。(range) Walking slowly along the Bund, you can appreciate all kinds of European architecture/buildings of different styles, ranging from the 19th century to the 21st century. 看到照片中这位父亲不顾自己，在倾盆大雨中为他的孩子撑伞，网民们 (netizens) 情不自禁想起了自己的父亲。(regardless) Seeing the father holding an umbrella for his kid in the pouring/ heavy rain regardless of himself in the photo, the netizens can’t help thinking/but think of their own fathers. 诺贝尔医学奖的获得者--屠呦呦为我们树立了很好的榜样，激励我们不要半途而废，而是要坚持追求梦想。（set） The winner of the Nobel Prize in/for Medicine-Tu Youyou has set a good example to/for us, stimulating us not to give up halfway but to pursue our dreams. 面对越来越严重的恐怖袭击，许多国家决意联手铲除恐怖组织。（determine） Faced with the more and more serious terrorist attacks, many countries have determined to unite together to eliminate terrorist organizations. 她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术的熏陶。（expose) She often takes her son to concerts at weekends, exposing him to art. 站在山顶，极目远望，大自然的壮美让我们惊叹不己。（amaze) Standing at the top of the mountain and looking as far as the eyes can see, we are amazed at the magnificence of nature. 看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn) Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down. 近年来随着3D电影变得越来越流行，似乎3D电视也可能在不久的将来进入每个家庭。(with ) With the 3D movies / films becoming more and more popular in recent years, it seems that 3D TV ( sets ) may go into / enter every household / home in the near future. 微风吹拂着她的头发，那小女孩注视着彩蝶在花海中飞舞。（With…） With the breeze blowing through her hair, the little girl watched the colorful butterflies dancing in the sea of flowers. 随着各种支付方式的出现，许多人越来越担心的是，和现金或信用卡相比，他们的电子钱包是否足够安全。（concern) With various payment methods emerging, what many people are more and more concerned about is whether their e-walkers are safe enough, compared with cash or credit card. 9、祈使句 再尝试与失踪孩子的家人或朋友联系，否则只能求助警方米追查他的下落。(or) Try to contact the family or friends of the missing child one more time or we can only turn to the police to trace him. 趁一切还来得及，去赞美你爱着、关心着的人吧。 (before) Compliment those you love and care for/about before it is too late. 当你独自在外时，记得让手机保持开机状态。(keep) Remember to keep your cell phone on when you’re away from home. 务必保管好你的密码，否则别人会获取你储存在电脑中的重要信息。 （access） Do keep your password safe, or others can have access to the important information stored in your computer. 千万别卷入那件事，否则你将自寻麻烦。(involve) Be sure not to get involved in that matter, otherwise you will invite trouble. 现在就预订展览会的门票，你将有机会欣赏到众多的艺术作品。(chance) Book the ticket for the exhibition now, and you will have the chance to appreciate a great number of works of art. 7) 在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那就去向他道歉吧。(apology) If there is someone in your life to whom you need to say sorry, go ahead and make an apology.