2023届高三英语二轮复习语法专题：定语从句 讲义-（含答案）

　定语从句
课前预习：
1.(2020课标全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist 　　　paintings were almost lifelike.
2.(2019课标全国Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 　　　she opened with her late husband Les.
3.(2019课标全国Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters 　　　　　 had great experience with caring for these animals.
4.(2019浙江)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 　　　gives off light in the dark.
5.(2019北京)The students benefitting most from college are those 　　　are totally engaged(参与) in academic life.
6.(2018课标全国Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 　　　showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
7.(2018浙江)Many westerners 　　　come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
8.One of their ideas is to create a shimmering red carpet, 　　　will light up the sky as well as reflect the water below.
9.Alec asked the policeman with 　　　he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
10.　　　 has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
知识点梳理：
定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,是三大从句中考查最频繁的从句,在语法填空中有涉及,考查的重点是that、which、who、whose、when、where、why等关系词的用法。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系 代词 关系代词 用法 例句
who 用于指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。 (2018北京)She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. 她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。
whom 用于指人,在从句中作宾语,可用who代替;若从句中的介词提到关系代词前,只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语,不可用who代替。
which 用于指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
关系 代词 关系代词 用法 例句
that 既可指人又可指物,指人时通常可与who、whom互换,指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
whose 表示所属关系,既可指人又可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。
as 引导限制性定语从句,作关系代词,既可指人又可指物,在从句中作主语、宾语。引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,意为“正如;像”。
that 和 which 的 用 法 区 别 只用 that的 情况 先行词是all、few、little、much、something、anything、nothing等不定代词时。 The pen with which you are writing is Jeff’s.你正用来写字的那支笔是杰夫的。
先行词被the only、the very、the same、all等修饰时。
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
先行词既有人又有物时。
只用 which的 情况 引导非限制性定语从句时。
关系代词指物,且前面有介词时。
as 和 which 的 区 别 as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、中、后,as常译为“正如……,正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see、know、expect、say、mention、report等。 The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了17%。
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个主句时,只能置于主句后,常译为“这;这一点;这件事”等。
特 别 提 醒 (1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略;但介词提前时不能省略,也不能用that。 (2)as用在限制性定语从句中时,常用于下列句式:such+名词+as(像……一样的;像……之类的);the same+名词+as(和……同样的)。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系 副词 用法 例句
when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于“表时间的介词(in,at, on,during等)+which”。 The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
where 指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于“表地点的介词(in, at, on等)+which”。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
why 指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于“for+which”。 Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗
特别 提醒 当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,常用关系副词where引导。 (2019天津)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他们的孩子处于能说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。
三、步解题法
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“the+名词+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句,一般为非限制性定语从句。该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词之间为所属关系。 The newly-built café,the walls of which (=whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
“表示全部或部分的词语+of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有:不定代词(all、both、none、some、most等);数词(基数词、序数词、分数等);the+形容词的比较级/最高级。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么在哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论都尚未得到证实。 Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
“介词+which+名词”结构引导的定语从句。 He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team. 他可能会赢得这场比赛,如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。
特别提醒 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用which和whom,且不能省略。
课后巩固：
1.In 1990, my brother also passed the entrance examination and was enrolled at a university in Guangzhou, 　　　he now lives and works.
2.I asked her to find a picture of her father and put it in a place 　　　she could see it often.
3.I will never forget those days 　　　we worked in the factory.
4.Although water plays a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival, especially during the first two days 　　　water splashing is comparatively kept under control.
5.Too much homework is not the only reason 　　　students stay up late. Some often watch TV or play computer games late into the night.
6.(2020福建福州八县一中高三期中联考)In China, a tea house is a place 　　　people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize.
7.We are living in an age 　　　many things are done on computers.
8.He didn’t tell me the reason 　　　he was so upset.
9.The news 　　　is published without checking whether it is a fact or not can create unnecessary confusion and extreme feelings among the common masses.
10.In Ireland today, St. Patrick’s Day is a four-day public celebration 　　　includes parades, music, food, and games.
11.But children in those countries have usually been in a nursery, 　　　they have been learning through play and games.
12.Awkward chat is gaining its place among young people 　　　have been living under a lot of pressure.
13.Unlike in the West, 　　　everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and shared by all people.
14.I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend, Zhang Ming, 　　　guided me around Beijing.
15.I used to live in India. Occasionally, I traveled to villages　　　 people seemed to earn just enough to make ends meet.
16.In fact, I think that there might be a day 　　　the dining table art can also become a universal language in the world.
17.Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday, 　　　is the start of the holiday shopping season.
18.About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 　　　was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer.
19.The wheelchair she ordered was nowhere to be seen, so we slowly walked to the gate 　　　her daughter was waiting.
20.It has set an example to other museums in our country, most of 　　　seem to be still living in days gone by.
21.The reason 　　　I want to have my shoes repaired in the shop is that the man works very carefully.
22.We will use new media to bring the shows to more ordinary people, 　　　will let them know about the modern development of Chinese arts.
23.The road conditions there turned out to be very good, 　　　was more than we could expect.
24.Through business and trade　　　 have covered more than 10,000 kilometers and 100 years, Chinese tea has officially entered every corner of Europe.
课前预习答案：
1.whose　考查定语从句。句意:在中国古代有一位画家,他的画栩栩如生。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词an artist。将先行词代入从句后为:The artist’s paintings were almost lifelike.由此可知引导词在从句中充当定语,所以要用关系代词whose。
2.which　句意:现在,Irene Astbury每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作,这家店是她和已故丈夫Les共同开的。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the pet shop。关系词在从句中作opened的宾语,所以要用关系代词which引导。
3.who/that　设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词masters。关系词在从句中作主语,先行词是指人的名词,所以要用关系代词who或that。
4.that/which　句意:在夹克的边缘,有一块在黑暗中发光的布。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a piece of cloth。关系词在从句中作主语,应该用关系代词that或which引导。
5.who　句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。　　　 are totally engaged(参与) in academic life是定语从句,修饰先行词those,故填who。
6.that/which　设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a study。关系词在从句中作主语,所以应该用关系代词that或which引导。
7.who/that　句意:许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜,他们就会比在自己国家做饭少得多。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词westerners。关系词在从句中作主语,所以要用关系代词who或that引导。
8.which　句意:他们的想法之一就是创造一个能发光的红地毯,既能照亮天空又能反射出下面的水。逗号后是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,应该用关系代词which引导定语从句。
9.whom　句意:亚历克要求和他一起工作的警察一旦发生事故就联系他。分析句子结构可知:with 　　　he worked是定语从句,修饰先行词the policeman。因为先行词是人,所以介词with后要用关系代词whom。
10.As　句意:正如所宣布的那样, 下个月我们将进行期末考试。本句中as引导定语从句,表示“正如……”,所修饰的先行词并非是某个名词或代词,而是整个主句。
课后巩固答案：
1.where　句意:1990年,我弟弟也通过了高考,进入了广州的一所大学,现在在那里生活和工作。设空处引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Guangzhou,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以要用关系副词where引导。
2.where　句意:我让她找出一张她爸爸的照片,并把它放到一个她能经常看到的地方。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词a place,该从句中缺少表示地点的状语,所以要用关系副词where引导。
3.when　句意:我永远都不会忘记我们在工厂工作的那段日子。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词days。关系词在从句中作状语,表示时间,应该用关系副词when引导。
4.when　句意:尽管在庆祝活动中水起到了至关重要的作用,但对这个节日来说,还有更多的东西。尤其是在最初的两天,泼水是相对被控制的。分析句子结构可知设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词days,该从句中缺少表示时间的状语,所以要用关系副词when引导。
5.why　句意:作业太多并不是学生熬夜的唯一原因。一些学生经常看电视或玩电脑游戏到深夜。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词reason。关系词在从句中作状语,表示原因,所以要用关系副词why引导。
6.where　句意:在中国,茶馆是人们聚在一起喝茶、聊天和社交的地方。考查限制性定语从句,先行词为a place。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。
7.when　句意:我们生活在一个很多事情都在电脑上完成的时代。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词an age。先行词在从句中充当表示时间的状语,所以要用关系副词when引导。
8.why　句意:他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the reason。即he was upset for the reason,所以要用关系副词why引导。
9.that/which　句意:未经核实发布的新闻,会在普通民众中造成不必要的混乱和极端情绪。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词The news,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以要用关系代词that或which引导。
10.that/which　句意:如今在爱尔兰,圣帕特里克节是一个为期四天的公共庆祝活动,包括游行、音乐、食物和游戏。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词celebration,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以要用关系代词that或which引导。
11.where　句意:但那些国家的孩子通常都在托儿所,在那里他们一直通过玩耍和游戏来学习。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a nursery,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以要用关系副词where引导。
12.who/that　设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词young people,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以要用关系代词who或that。
13.where　设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the West。关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以要用关系副词where引导。
14.who　句意:我用手机叫了一辆出租车去见我的中国朋友张明,他带我游览了北京。第二个逗号后是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Zhang Ming,关系词在定语从句中充当主语,所以要用关系代词who引导。
15.where　句意:我曾在印度生活过。偶尔,我去一些村庄旅行,那里的人们的收入似乎只够维持生计。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词villages,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,所以要用关系副词where引导。
16.when　句意:事实上,我认为可能有一天餐桌艺术也可以成为世界通用的语言。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词a day,关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语,所以要用关系副词when。
17.which　设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Black Friday。关系词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指物,要用关系代词which引导。
18.whom　句意:大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府提供的免费门票,其中包括77岁的公共安全志愿者张志福。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词visitors,指人,所以要用关系代词whom。
19.where　句意:她订的轮椅不见了,所以我们慢慢地走到门口,她的女儿正在那里等着。设空处引导的是定语从句,先行词为the gate,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。
20.which　此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词other museums,且先行词是指物的名词,所以要用关系代词which引导。
21.why　句意:我想在这家店里修鞋是因为那个人工作非常仔细。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词The reason。关系词在从句中作原因状语,所以要用关系副词why引导。
22.which　句意:我们将用新媒体把节目带给更多的普通人,让他们了解中国艺术的现代发展。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句,所以要用关系代词which引导。
23.which　句意:那里的路况被证明是非常好的, 这超出了我们的期望。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句,所以要用关系代词which引导。
24.that/which　句意:经过长达100多年、绵延一万多公里的商贸往来,中国茶叶已正式进入欧洲的每一个角落。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词business and trade。从句中缺少主语,所以要用关系代词that或which引导。