细节理解题
C B B
A A
B B A
B
B
【练习】 D C A
主旨大意题
B “These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. ”很难找到15岁以上的人没有手机，对应流行度popularity.
D 定位首段内容，找到关键词 ocean、plastic、sculpture
B 原文 why…以及the most likely explanation，段落内容是对研究发现的结果讲述原因
D positive effects 对应 benefits，列举了green plants 的好处
D 定位开头两段并结合全文，文章讲述了China culture是其他国家的时尚设计的来源
推理判断题
D take over 接管；取代
C 原文中的cooler way than I can表明作者是认可支持的态度
D 根据原文中及所给中文释义——生物测量可知
D 目光长远的，定位原文对人物 the boss of the publishing house的言行可知“he ended up at a publishing house, where the boss persuaded his father to send him back to school for a three-year vocational degree. ”
A 原文多次出现主人公年龄相关字眼“when he was 97”、”A graduate at this age”等。活到老学到老
A 通过将鸟与人类在开心时会唱歌相比较来说明
B 第一段的目的多为吸引读者到与相关主题上
词义猜测
B
猜词义 supercilious 通过in contrast与 后面的humble和modest谦虚的相对比，猜得出为“傲慢的”
slipped up 与前面的make serious mistakes呼应，为“出错”的意思
B “baffle”通过并列and可猜测与“beaten the finest mathematical”词义相近
D 通过后文的解释“I’m talking about the people who have stooped learning on growing because…”可知
猜词义 Pantomime 哑剧 prestidigitator 变戏法的人 on the night shift 上夜班
B 后文的补充说明“working out before breakfast”可知
A 首先要搞清楚划线部分是在对shoppers即购物者的定语从句中，是对人的描述，便可锁定答案A
B 前面说 best，但后文紧接着转折词but说明是不好的方面，结合perfect等词结合实际，可知去种植它是比较困难的，所以是vain hope妄想。
【作业】
（一）
B
C 定位原文第三段破折号后“finding that the solution to the air pollution lies in nature”lie in在于
D 定位原文第五段结尾
B 依题目关键词“CityBreeze”锁定最后一段，“slimmer model”与reduced space occupation”相对应
（二）
B
C 细节理解题，定位第二段开头句in the study, 495 men and women between the ages of 18 and 93”可知
B 由题目关键词人名Dr. Carla Naumburg锁定第四段，结合他的发言“the power of spending time with another person is a gift we can give at any moment.”可得
C 全文都在突出face-to-face bond即亲自到场陪伴presence比礼物更重要。count作动词，重要
（三）
B
D 对应原文第四段最后一句话“capture beautiful fall photos”可知
A 全文都是采取解释说明、描述的手法来展开的
C 定位第六段最后一句“This process exposes pigments, which creates the beautiful colors associated with fall foliage.”这题容易误选D，对它的解释“responsible for turning leaves green”只能让树叶变绿。阅读理解
一、文章体裁：
应用文（A篇）——广告、旅游指南、新闻报道...（多为细节理解匹配题）
记叙文: 纯叙事 或 夹叙夹议（结尾升华想说明的大道理）
说明文：多在结尾摆结论
议论文：多在开头摆观点
题目类型：
细节理解（最多）——关键词匹配，对比
主旨大意（topic; mainly about; best title...）
推理判断（多）（infer; imply; suggest表明; from..., we learn that...)
词义猜测——上下文逻辑对比推测；注意and、but并列关系；构词法等
细节理解题
解题技巧一、关键词快速匹配
划关键词（特殊疑问词；人名/地名等；时间/数字/比较级最高级等——易查找）
定位原文（句子/段落，一般不跨段）
对比选项与原文（原文复现；同义替换！！！信息整合—原文精简句）
干扰项——（1）无中生有（切忌主观臆断）
（2）与原文相反（is变is not；expensive—cheap …）
（3）半对半错 （有错就排除）
（4）偷换概念 （如A do B变为C do B）
（5）过于绝对的选项—must/all...
例题演练：
Train Information【2020·全国卷I，A】
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit . au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart Origin Destination Arrive
6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm
7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm
8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm
11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am
1. What would you do to get ticket information
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit .au.
C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule.
2. At which station can you find the lost property office
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
3. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes
A.6:42 pm. B.7:29 pm. C.8:57 pm. D.11:02 pm.
解题技巧二、注意同义替换，如原文为30 minutes, 题目/选项为half an hour 注重积累！！！
例题演练：
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature 【2022年新高考I卷】
Grading Scale
90-100 A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration:3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration:3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration:3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration:3 hours(7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
Which tour do you need to book in advance
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
解题技巧三、数字计算题——看清题目，列数学计算公式（注意人数、价格、折扣等）
例题演练：
4 UK campsites with availability for summer 2021
Caravan Park
Right on a sandy beach, this site has wide-open views of the sea. Choose from gentle walks exploring the coast to exciting hikes in the Torridon mountains. The team can arrange boating, surfing and other water sports on the river or sea. Bikes can be hired.
22 for tent, car and 2 adults, 3 child.
Swanns Glamping
For a back-to-nature stay with creature comforts, Swanns Glamping is a good choice. It's surrounded by impressive scenery. There's a choice of furnished yurts, bell tents and cabins—which come with real beds and towels, so guests can travel light.
Cabins sleep 75 a night, yurts sleep 90, bel tents sleep 95.
Ling's Meadow
This campsite on a family-run farm offers a real escape, with plentiful animals to spot. With a maximum of 25 people on the site at one time, everything centres around nature: waste water is recycled on the farm.
Camping 12/ 6 a night for adult/child, under-3s free, 20% off stays of seven nights or longer.
Walesby Forest
Walesby Forest is a non—profit outdoor adventure centre which usually hosts school groups—but this year is offering public camping in woodland surroundings. The huge choices of activities offered, from watersports to climbing, make it a great choice for families.
Camping from 10 a night adult, 8 child, under-4s free.
Which is suitable for those who prefer to travel light
A．Caravan Park. B．Swanns Glamping.
C．Ling's Meadow. D．Walesby Forest.
2. What's the charge for a couple with their 5-year-old boy if they stay in Ling's Meadow for seven nights
A． 210. B． 168. C． 126. D． 100.8.
3. What can campers do in both Walesby Forest and Caravan Park
A．Water sports. B．Hiking. C．Cycling. D．Climbing.
解题技巧四、细节排序题；
＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围
主要为记叙文——时间顺序（依照选项逆查找、排序）；有时说明文——展开说明的先后顺序
O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank. When some money went missing from the bank, O. Henry was believed to have stolen（偷）it. Because of that, he was sent to prison（监狱）. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales（故事）were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the reader's surprise.
1. In which order did O. Henry do the following things
a. lived in New York b. worked in a bank
c. traveled to Texas d. was put in prison
e. had a newspaper job f. learned to write stories
A. e, c, f, b, d, a B. c, e, b, d, f, a C. e, b, d, c, a, f D. c, b, e, d, a, f
解题技巧五、零散信息题——整合归纳分析（对于离散的细节理解，先找到相关的内容，再分析整合）
例题演练：【2018·全国Ⅰ. C片段】
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lost, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
◆How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present
A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400.
C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.
【练习】
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best-known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A. 104,944. B. 107,601. C. About 150,000. D. About 250,000.
22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium. C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
23. What do the listed stadiums have in common
A. They host big games. B. They have become tourist attractions.
C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favored by architects.
主旨大意题
考查形式：（1）文章大意 方法：（1）首尾段/段落首句(report/study showed...)
（2）段落大意 （2）高频词
（3）最佳标题 （3）选项逆代入分析法
主旨题干扰项：（1）以偏概全——文章中的一小部分
范围扩大——主题超出了文章要讨论的范围（鹅鹅鹅→家禽）
无中生有——出现与文章不相干内容
二、句子的五大功能：
背景类（Background）:讲一个故事；陈述个人经历；引用名言；提问式导入;自问自答等等
主题类（Topic）：段落的中心思想
解释说明类（E ）：举例子；列数据等
用描述性，细节性的句子进行解释说明XXX，常出现代词或定冠词the
举例子类（Example）
总结类（C ）:多出现在文章首尾段；段落首句，给建议/观点/事实
【2021·全国乙B篇节选】
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.…
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
【2021·全国乙C篇】
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans-between 4.8 and 12.7million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,"a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源)of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明)a specific statistic:Every60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
(2021浙江，C)
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
30. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
(2020课标全国I，D)
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
(2019课标全国III，B)
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
27. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
推理判断题
细节推理题
信息定位——跳读，找到原文相关信息点；
字面理解——细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义
深层理解——分析推理，在理解字面意义的基础上进行合理推断，从而理解作者的言外之意
通常含有infer, suggest, imply，conclude，intend等标志性词语
例题演练：
A new report from the International Bar Association (IBA) suggests machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations. One of the authors of the report, Gerlind Wisskirchen, believes that governments need to introduce human quotas (配额) in some sectors in order to protect jobs.
1．What message does the new report from the IBA send
A．More jobs will be offered to humans.
B．Someday humans won’t need to work.
C．More jobs will be created because of AI.
D．Someday robots will take over your job.
观点态度题
①表示支持或肯定
positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；approving赞成的
②表示客观、中立
indifferent漠不关心的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；ambiguous模棱两可的；
③表示反对或否定
critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的；
doubtful怀疑的；opposed反对的 ironic 讽刺的
例题演练：
I think of media characters as an add-on to already busy minds, by carefully monitoring who gets invited into our lives, they become part of the parenting team. They teach loyalty adventure, curiosity--lessons I'm trying to convey, but in a much cooler way than I can.
1. What's the author’s attitude to the media characters in parenting children
A Indifferent. B. Critical.
Supportive. D. Disapproving.
文章出处题
一般情况下，介绍某产品性能——广告(advertisement)；介绍某人生平事迹——传记(biography传记)：介绍浅显的科学知识的文章——教材(textbook)或杂志；介绍某处名胜或景点——旅游杂志、休闲杂志;
geography地理/ biology生物 textbook website网站 advanced technology先进/高级科技
social psychology社会心理学 entertainment news娱乐 新闻 health column 健康专栏
例题演练：
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
Where is this text most likely from
A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
人物性格
humorous 幽默的 generous 慷慨大方的 considerate 考虑周到/体贴的
ambitious 雄心壮志的 optimistic积极乐观的 pessimistic/passive 消极的
friendly友好的 productive 多产的 cautious 谨慎的
creative 有创造力的 dedicated 有奉献精神的 determined 有决心的
caring 关心人的/有同情心的 knowledgeable 知识渊博的 demanding 高要求的
stubborn 固执的 patient 耐心的 good-tempered 好脾气的
far-sighted 有远见的 low-key 低调的 aggressive有进取心的 cooperative 有合作精神的 well-educated 受高等教育的 punctual 守时的
例题演练：
Giuseppe Paterno achieved the dream of a lifetime: He got a university degree when he was 97.
Mr. Paterno's graduation has inspired news coverage around the world, partly because of his age. Mr. Paterno has seemed to get around the many difficulties he has faced in his lifetime. Studying had been his passion since he was a small child, he said, “but unfortunately life betrayed me.”
Bom in Palermo in 1923, he was the first of seven children in a very poor family. His dad worked at a job on a farm, and his mother took care of these children at home. Mr. Paterno began working soon after finishing primary school. "The family was large, there was only one paycheck, we were under fascism (法西斯主义)，and times were tough," he said. Eventually he ended up at a publishing house, where the boss persuaded his father to send him back to school for a three-year vocational degree. Mr. Paterno then worked for an insurance agency while he took private classes to become a telegraph operator. The job also opened doors to the State Railways company, where he worked for more than four decades.
In 1951, with a wife and two small children at home, he earned a high school degree as a surveyor, which led to an office job at State Railways. It was only after he retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned to his books, taking theology courses through the Archdiocese of Palermo after a chance meeting with a professor of history who urged him to follow his passion.
Mr. Micari, the president of the University of Palermo, congratulated Mr. Paterno on finishing his degree with a near-perfect grade point average. "A graduate at this age, who has all this passion, this enthusiasm, and this talent is certainly an extraordinary spokesman for our university," Mr. Micari told reporters later.
1. Which word best describes the boss of the publishing house
A. Creative. B. Good-tempered.
C. Cautious. D. Far-sighted.
2. What message does the story convey
A. It's never too late to learn. B. Rome wasn't built in a day.
C. Education is the key to success. D. Ups and downs make one strong.
篇章结构推理题
Have you ever wondered why birds sing Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
1. How does the writer explain birds’ singing
A. By comparing birds with human beings. B. By reporting experiment results.
C. By describing birds’ daily life. D. By telling a bird’s story.
写作目的推理题
interpret/explain/paraphrase 解释/释义 persuade/advise 劝说/建议 criticize 批评
entertain 娱乐 advertise 打广告 warn/remind 警示/提醒
prove 证明 present/show 展示/现 introduce介绍 compare 对比
clarify 阐明 inform sb. of... 通知某人... stress/emphasis/underline/highlight强调
mislead 误导 reveal 揭示 draw attention 引起注意 collect收集
lead in 导入 predict 预测 inspire 激励/启发 encourage 鼓励
release 公布，发行 record 记录 create 创造 appeal 呼吁 motivate 激发
warn 警醒/告 recall 回忆 admire 赞美 advocate 提倡
例题演练：
“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you ” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.
The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to___________.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
词义猜测题
（1）旧词新义
（2）合成词、转化词与派生词
（3）“灵活”的常用词增多,必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解
（4）“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，有些带一定的文化背景
（5）超纲生词
构词法猜词
如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。猜测：unconditional
【典例示例】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
1. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
利用同义、反义近义词猜词
并列连词and或or连接的两项内容在句中作相同的成分，且含义上是接近的或递进的；but、on the contrary、in contrast、instead等表对比反义
【典例示例】
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest
I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
1. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出、举例并加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
下定义：Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
从句解释说明：He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
冒号/破折号/括号进行解释：We are on the night shift ——from midnight to 7 a.m.
例一
（2020·江苏高考真题） For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health....
9．The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A．digest the meal easily B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat D．eat whatever is offered
例二
“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
2. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text
A. Growing interest in organic food.
B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food.
D. Higher prices of organic food.
根据语义转折/因果关系猜词
表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等
因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语： since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, owing to, thanks to, on account of, result in, accordingly, so…that等
【典例示例】
One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
1.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. practical idea. B. A vain hope
C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire
利用经验和常识猜词
【作业】
1
What if a city bench could provide a place not just to sit but also to breathe a little easier That’s the idea behind CityTree, a 14-foot-high energy-efficient bench covered with moss (苔藓）.
CityTree is the brainchild of Peter Singer，29，a horticulturalist (园艺学家）and the CEO of Green
City Solutions. The company seeks to answer a challenging question：How can we bring nature into the city and use its positive effects on the atmosphere at scale
The idea struck Sanger when he learned about the cleaning effects of various plants —particularly moss as a university student. “That’s what got me excited — finding that the solution to air pollution lies in nature，” he says. “After all，nature has millions of years of experience in air purification.”
From the outside the CityTree appears to be little more than a bench with a tower covered in moss. But inside is a fully automated system that provides enough water for moss to grow. The built-in IOT (物联网）technology monitors its performance and conditions，as well as providing environmental data from the surrounding area.
According to Green City Solutions, the CityTree improves the air quality around it by up to 53% and can cool the surrounding air by 4°C. The unit can provide an oasis of breathable air in places where people tend to stick around. “ Think of a bus stop on a busy street，a street cafe，even an inner-city schoolyard，” he says.
However, the CityTree is just the beginning. Its next generation is a slimmer model that contains a
digital screen on one side and a moss wall on the other. Known as CityBreeze, the new model —intended for bus stops and train stations — is designed to pay for itself through advertising profits.
1. What is the text mainly about
A. An air-cooling product. B. An idea for purer city air.
C. Sanger's life experiences. D. The problems of air pollution.
2. What was Sanger excited to learn about as a university student
A. The application of moss. B. Classification of air-cleaning plants.
C. Nature’s solution to air pollution. D. Humans’ dependence on nature.
3. Where is a CityTree device most likely to be found
A. On top of a mountain. B. At the seaside.
C. In a botanic garden. D. In a street market.
4. Which of the following is a feature of the CityBreeze
A. An entire wall of digital screen. B. Reduced space occupation.
C. Its huge financial potential. D. Improved work efficiency.
2
During the holiday season, many of us feel pressure to find our loved ones the “perfect” gift. Why Because gift-giving has long been considered a prime way to express love. However, recent research suggests that small acts of kindness, like a kind word, hugging a child or receiving sympathy, make people feel most loved and supported.
In the study, 495 men and women between the ages of 18 and 93 completed a questionnaire evaluating 60 possible ways that people can feel love. The storyboards included situations like spending time with friends, receiving gifts, and spending time in nature. The survey also included negative interactions, like being controlled and criticized (批评) by others.
The findings highlight the psychological benefits that close relationships can offer. In fact, study participants ranked human interaction as a more significant expression of love than receiving material items, like presents. Connecting with others was also rated more highly than getting positive feedback on the Internet, indicating that people get the most support from personal human contact.
“ During the holidays，anxiety rises, making it harder to remain present with ourselves and others. However, the power of spending time with another person is a gift we can give at any moment,” says Dr. Carla Naumburg, a mindfulness coach and social worker in Newton, Mass. He suggests balancing party planning and online shopping with moments of human connection. Activities like reading to a child, meeting a friend for a walk, or taking a moment to call a family member, are ways to express love and care and can keep us emotionally grounded.
While the idea of offering loved ones the gift of our time may pale in comparison to giving them a generous present, recent research shows shared human experiences can tighten social bonds. Despite personality differences, most people agree on what makes us feel loved—the presence of our loved ones.
1.What does the text mainly focus on
A.Gift and holiday economy. B.Social and personal relationships.
C.Stress and human progress. D.Selfish and generous love.
2.What can we know about the questionaire
A.About 500 men participated in it. B.Participants disliked negative interactions.
C.A wide range of age groups got involved. D.Participants had limited ways to feel love.
3.What does Dr. Carla Naumburg intend to tell us
A.People often find it difficult to stay with others.
B.Face to face connection is a gift to show love.
C.Reading to a child is the best way to convey love and care.
D.Balancing holiday activities with relaxation is recommended.
4.What might be the best title of the text
A.Gift-giving is already out of date. B.Social interaction lights up your holidays.
C.It is not presents but presence that counts. D.Stress causes people to withdraw from others.
3
An interactive map was published by the tourism website Smoky Mountains. It is intended for fall
foliage (枝叶) fans. It will help them make the most of the colorful season.
The map draws on various data. It includes rainfall and temperature forecasts. It includes average
daylight exposure. It predicts the timing of leaves’ color change across the United States.
Users can view weekly forecasts. They select date, which are listed below the map. Shades of green overtake the map when users click September 7. Shades of orange, red and brown appear by October 19. They indicate the arrival of near peak or peak foliage in the northern and western US. By November 30 all but the southernmost parts of the US are past peak point.
“The predictive fall leaf map helps potential travelers determine the precise future date when the leaves will peak in each area of the United States,” said Wes Melton. He is one of the data scientists who created the tool. “We believe this will enable travelers to take more meaningful fall vacations, capture beautiful fall photos and enjoy the natural beauty of autumn.”
The researchers update the tool every year. This is the sixth version of the map with more and better functions. It builds on sources such as historical and forecasted temperatures. It looks at leaf peak trends and peak observation trends. These help produce the final product.
Chlorophyll is the chemical responsible for turning leaves green. Plants stop producing it when fall
approaches and the days get shorter. This process exposes pigments (色素), which creates the beautiful colors associated with fall foliage.
Early October will likely mark the start of this year’s leaf-watching season thanks to the warm weather. Tourists seeking red and golden leaves should pack bags soon and prepare to enjoy the view.
1. What do we know about the interactive map
A. It shows how much rain falls in each area of the US.
B. It predicts when leaves become colorful across the US.
C. It forecasts what the weather is like in each area of the US.
D. It indicates how much sunlight each area of the US receives.
2. Who may the interactive map appeal to most
A. Musicians. B. Physicians. C. Engineers. D. Photographers.
3. How does the writer mainly develop the passage
A. By explaining and describing. B. By testing and analyzing.
C. By making arguments. D. By following time order.
4. What contributes to the change of leaves’ colors in fall
A. Poor nutrition. B. Dry weather. C. Pigments. D. Chlorophyll.
