2023届高三英语二轮复习状语从句梳理 讲义-（含答案）

教学内容-状语从句
1. 时间状语从句 常见的连接词有when,while,as before,the moment ,the first time ,next time ,till/until等等 问题1 1. We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started.（when） 2. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.（when) 3. He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.(when) 4. －Did Jack come back early last night －Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.(when) 5. He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.(when) 连接词when的用法小结 1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When the film ended, the people went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： Somebody was doing something/was about to do sth./was on the point of doing sth. when… (刚要……这时突然……) 3. 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如： It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. 注意对when的用法拓展，它的意义不仅仅限制于“当” 问题2: 6. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.（while) 7. ______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.(while) 连接词while的用法小结 1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。 主要学习while除“当……”以外其他的意义 连接词when, while, as的用法区别： While指一段时间。表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，并持续一段时间。从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的。 When指一点时间或一段时间。表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，也常表示从句动作先于主句动作。引导的从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用 while) When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. (不可用 while) as指一点时间，以可指一段时间。侧重于表示在从句动作发生过程中主句动作同时发生。 当主句和从句的主语一致时， as还有“一边…一边…”的意思。 As I was getting on the bus, someone called me. As he walked along, he sang happily. As the election approached, the violence got worse. (表示“随着……”，连词用as，不用when或while) 3．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与as 可互换使用。如： When/While/As I was walking down the street， I came across an old friend of mine. 问题3:（重点） 1.－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her －Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 2. I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 3. ______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 小结： 1．一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 2．一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。 The day he returned home, his father was already dead. Next time you come, please bring your composition. 3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.（一般主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时） No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. 她一听到这个消息，就晕倒了。 问题4: 1. －Was his father very strict with him when he was at school －Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade.（until） 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners’ curiosity ______ he reaches the end of the story. (until) 3. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.(until)(选作） 小结：till, until和not…until 1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。 如：We waited until he came. 2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。 如：He won’t go to bed till/until she returns. 3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 如：Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：（选讲） It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. Until是初中有涉及的词汇用法，根据掌握情况可以适当的涉及一些强调和倒装的用法 问题5: 1. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.（before) 2. Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3.－Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting －He rushed out of the room ____I could say a word.(before) 连接词before的小结： (重点） 1．Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 2．常用句型： 1）句型It be ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before 肯定句 “还要过多久才……” It will be two years before he leaves the country. 两年之后他将离开这个国家。 2）句型It be not ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before 肯定句 “不多久就……” It wasn’t two years before he left the country. 没到两年他就离开这个国家了。 3．比较记忆：before long不久以后 long before 很久以前 e.g.They came back before long.他们很快就回来了。 I knew Tom long before I knew you. 我在认识你之前很久就认识了汤姆。 问题6： 1. It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because 连接词since小结： 1．Since 引导的时间状语从句通常用一般过去时，主句的动词一般用完成时态。 I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English. 2.常用句型：It is + 一段时间 ＋ since 引导的时间从句 （从句用一般过去时） It is just a week since we arrived here. It is three years since she joined the army/since she was in the army.（含义不同，注意区分） How long is it since you came to London 注意以下两个句子的区别： It is 10 years since he was a teacher. 他不当老师已十年了。 It is 10 years since he became a teacher. 他当老师已十年了。 2.条件状语从句 常见的连接词有unless, if ,as/so long as, as far as等 问题1： 1 The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （if) 2 It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. （unless) unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非…”“如果不…就…”。 问题2： 1 _____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2 I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait. A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要…”，as far as 表示“就…而论（而言）”。 如：You can go where you like so long as you get back before dark. in case 表示“以防”， as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。 让步状语从句 (重点） 常见的连接词有while, though, even though, even if, although, as等 问题1： 1 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 2 Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own. A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。 问题2： 1 He tried his best to solve the problem, ______ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2 The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别： no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。 如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party. wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如： Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. Whoever can help us will be welcome. 问题3：whether…or/ no matter whether… or 表示“无论。。。还是。。。” No matter whether/Whether you go there by sea or by air, you will enjoy your trip. 问题4：as Rich as he is/Though he is rich, he is not happy. (做表语的形容词倒装) Fast as you read/Though you read fast, you can’t finish the book in two days. （做状语的形容词倒装） Child as he is/Though he is a child, he knows something of electricity. （做表语的单数名词提前时，名词前不可以用不定冠词） Try as they may/Though they may try , they will never succeed. Lose money as I did, I got a lot of experience. (从句中行为动词提前，主语后面跟情态动词或助动词，若没有，则加上相应的do,does,did.) 四 状语从句的时态问题　（重点）　 1 The house could fall down soon if no one______ some quick repair work. A has done B is doing C does D had done 2 It is almost five years _______ we saw each other last time. 　 A. before B. since C. after D. when 在条件，时间和让步从句中，主将从现。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。 如：I will return the book after I have finished reading it. Tom said he would go to Beijing when he graduated from the university. 五 状语从句与并列句的区别　　（重点) 1 Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as hard as a young man A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet 2 Excuse me for breaking in, _________ I have some news for you. 　 A. so　　 B. and　　 C. but　　 D. yet 题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为并列句，而“Excuse …, but …”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。 六 状语从句的倒装问题　　(选择性讲解） 1 So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 2 Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：① 否定词开头；② so 加 adj. 开头；③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。 特别注意： Hardly … when … No sooner … than … Child as he is, … Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages. 课堂默写 回顾默写所讲单词的额用法和意义 when while As Until Before As long as As far as If unless However Whatever No matter+^^^^^^ Although Though Put the following sentences into English. 1．一听到伤心的消息，他就放声大哭起来。 ( No sooner; burst) 2. 如果你拒绝接受我们的建议，我们别无选择只好依靠自己。（if; but) 3. 如果号召每个人都团结起来，你们就会赢得选举。（call; and ） 4. 气体在管道裂开的地方爆发出来。 ( burst; where ) 5. 就我所知，他与此事无关。(business ) 6. 就我们的经济而言，我们不可能把这个地区建设好。( As far as; build) 7. 尽管在南方长大，他适应了北方的生活。( While, bring) 我们正在向底部挖掘，突然煤气爆发出来。( .. .when; burst) 9. 就我所知他是有能力做这个化学实验。( as.. .as , capable ) 10. 只要未遇到风暴，我们就会尽快按时到达。( as.. .as, catch ) 11. 尽管这些化学实验释放出二氧化碳，但它们不会对环境有害。( While, give) 12. 仔细检查一下答案，否则你会不及格的。（check） 13. 如果用谋杀罪指控，这个人将判死刑。（If ; charge） 14. 她宁愿从事护士职业也不愿意卖药。(prefer, career) 在化学实验中，这位年轻的科学家在许多有经验的教授失败的地方成功了。( chemical；where ) 16. 无论顾客抱怨什么，我们都得去改进。（whatever, complain) 17. 尽管这个地区已经开化了，但是有百分之十的本地人拒绝接受西方文明。( civilize; civilization ) 18. 无论误会是否会被消除，我们都得共同努力去攀上崖顶。（clear; combine; cliff） 19. 即使救援及时赶到，Tom也会因失血过多而倒下。 (Even though; collapse) 20. 我们好长时间都没有欣赏到这么好的喜剧了。（since, enjoy, comedy ) 21. 天放晴已有三小时。( since, clear ) 22. 我们离山顶越近，就越感到紧张。( close) 23．下一次你评论喜剧的时候，一定要表演和情感结合起来。( Next, comment, combine) 当我们用电脑与人交流，诚实是十分重要的。 (communicate) 1. No sooner had he heard the sad news than he burst into tears. 2. If you refused to accept our suggestion, we would have no choice but to rely on ourselves. 3. Call on everyone to unite, and you will win the election. 4. Gases burst out where the pipe was broken. 5. As far as I know, it is none of his business. 6. As far as our economy is concerned, it is impossible for us to build up the area. 7. While he was brought up in the South, he got used to the life of the North. 8. As far as I know, he is the most capable doing the chemical experiment. 9. As long as we are not caught in the storm, we will try to arrive on time, 10. While these chemical experiments give out carbon dioxide, they will not be harmful to the environment. 11. Check your answer carefully, or you won't pass the exam. 12. If the man is charged with murder, he will be sentenced to death. 13. She prefers to taking up nursing career to selling medicine. 14. In the chemical experiment, the young scientist succeeded where many experienced professors failed. 15. Whatever the customers complain about, we should improve it. 16. Although the area has been civilized, about ten percent of native people refused to accept western civilization, 17. Whether our misunderstanding is cleared up, we will make combined efforts to climb up to the top of the cliff. 18. Even though the rescue had come in time, Tom would have collapsed from losing too much blood. 19. It has been a long time since we enjoyed such a fine comedy. 20. It has been 3 hours since the weather cleared up. 21. The closer we are to the top of the hill, the more nervous we are. 22. Next time you comment on the comedy, you should combine performance with emotion. 23. When you communicate with the others through computers, honesty is most important. Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best.fits each blank. (A) Scientists can learn about man by studying animals, such as mice, rats and monkeys. The scientists in a laboratory are experimenting 1 mice and they are studying the relationship between diet and health. In this experiment, the scientists 2 (study) the relationship between the amount of food the mice can eat and their health. The mice are in three groups. All these groups are receiving the same healthy diet. But the amount of food that each group is receiving is different. The first group is eating one cup of food each day, the second Mwo cups, and the third three cups. After three years, the _ 3 (healthy) group is the 4 that is only eating one cup of food each day. The mice in this group are thinner than normal mice but they are more active. Most of the day, they are running, playing with one 5 , and using, the equipment in their cages. Also, they are living longer. Mice usually live for two years, 6 most of the mice in this group are still alive after three years. The second group of" mice is of normal weight. They are healthy, too. They are active, but not as active as the thinner mice. But they are only living about two years. The last group of mice is receiving more food than the other two groups. Most of the day, these mice are eating or sleeping. They are not active. These mice are living 7 (long) than the scientists thought—about a year and 8 half, but they are not healthy. They are sick more often than the other two groups. 答案： 1. on 2.are studying 3. healthiest 4. one 5. another 6. while 7. longer 8.a (B) Like most English children, I learned foreign languages at school. When I 1 (make) my first visit to the United States, I was sure I could have a nice and easy holiday 2 any language problem. But how wrong I was! At the American airport, I was looking for a public telephone to tell my friend Danny that I had arrived. An American asked if he could help me. "Yes," I said, "I want to give my friend a ring. "Well, that's nice. Are you getting married " he asked. "No," I replied, "I just want to tell him I 3 (arrive). " "Oh," he said, "there is a phone downstairs on the first floor. " "But we're on the first floor now," I said. . "Well, I don't know _ 4 you are talking about. Maybe you aren't feeling too well after your journey," he said. " Just go and wash up, and you will feel a lot ___5__ (good)." And he went off, leaving me 6 (wonder) where on earth I was: At home we wash up after a meal to get the cups and plates clean. How can I wash up at an airport At last we .did meet. Danny explained 7 misunderstanding: Americans say " to give someone a call" , but we English say "to give somebody a ring". When we say "to wash your
hands" , they say "to wash up". And Englishmen start numbering from the ground floor _ 8
the first floor is the second for Americans. 答案： 1. made 2. without 3.have arrived 4. what 5. better 6. wondering 7. the 8. so Grammar (8) (A) I worked for a short time as a cashier at a restaurant a few months ago. I also helped clear off the tables when it was especially busy. One night, just before Christmas, I found a large black wallet on the floor near one of the tables. I guess I __1_________ have checked it to find out who was the owner, but I was busy at the time. Also, I imagined that if the wallet contained __2_________ and asked if anyone __3_________ (find) a wallet. I asked him to describe the lost wallet, and after he described it exactly, I gave him __4_________ wallet. He expressed his sincere thanks when I handed it to him. He asked me if I had opened it, and when I told him “No”, he opened it right away and showed that it contained nearly $800 in cash. I gasped as he took out a twenty-dollar bill and handed it to me. “A reward for your honesty,” he said and then turned and walked away. __5_________ (think) about it later, I began wondering __6_________ I would have been so honest if I had known what was in the wallet! I think that if there had been no way to find the owner and no one had returned to claim it, I might have kept it. But it also came into my mind __7_________ I had in face saved someone’s Christmas plans __8_________ finding and returning the wallet. The good feeling it gave me was worth more than anything money could buy. 1. should 2. anything 3. has found 4. the 5. Thinking 6. whether 7. that 8. through (B) You are probably familiar with the saying: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. A recent research carried out by the Chinese University of Hong Kong may change the saying: An apple a day may keep aging away. The research chose fruit flies (果蝇), __1_________ they share many genes with humans. The fruit flies were either fed normally or had an apple extract (浓缩物) __2_________ (add) to their diet. It __3_________ (turn) out that those fruit flies that were given apple exact lived about 55 days –five days longer than the flies that were normally fed. The research group also found it easier for the flies to walk, climb and more about as they aged. According to the result, the researchers believed that the antioxidants (抗氧化剂) in the apple extract helped clean up dangerous chemicals that cause illnesses, as well as aging. In another study, researchers examined diets of thousands of women. They discovered that those who regularly ate apples were 20 per cent less likely to suffer heart illnesses and stroke. The apples’ genetic code (遗传密码) __4_________ (discover) recently. It allows scientists __5_________ (develop) nicer and healthier fruits. Researchers are already using the information to grow a kind of apples full of antioxidants that can keep eyes and joints healthy and protect humans against heart illnesses and cancer. Apples that kill the desire __6_________ eat could also be produced, with the first “extra-healthy” apples on supermarket shelves within just four or five years. The team that keeps __7________ (study) apple DNA includes 100 scientists from five countries. Their research also suggests that around 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs began to die off the plant, __8_________ would finally become today’s apple tree, experienced a great genetic change. The number of many of its genes doubled. The extra genes allowed the apple to get used to worse conditions and go through a different development from peaches, strawberries and other related fruits. 1. as 2. added 3. turned 4. was discussed 5. to develop 6. to 7. studying 8. which