2023届高三英语二轮复习 动词的时态思维导图 训练 讲义（含答案）

第七讲 动词的时态
考点清单 现在时态
一、一般现在时
一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
1.表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与usually,always, every day,twice a week,seldom，sometimes 等表频率的时间状语连用。
John sometimes sits up very late.约翰有时很晚才睡。
2.表示客观事实或普遍现象。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。
3.如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow,I won't go there.如果明天下雨，我将不去那里。
腾别点酱
①在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表达将来含义，也就是说will不用于when，
if,even if,unless,whatever,no matter what/when/where 等引导的状语从句中表将来，但如果will表示“决心、意愿”时，可用在条件状语从句中。
If you will go there,please tell me.如果你愿意去那里，请告诉我。
②表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事时，也用一般现在时表将来，常与具体时间状语连用。该用法仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词(词组)，如：come,go,arrive,leave,begin,take off,stop等。
The final exarn takes place next week.期末考试将于下周举行。
The train leaves London at six and arrives at Birmingham at eight.火车6点离开伦敦，8点到达伯明翰。
4.用在以here，there开头的倒装句中，表示现在正发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus!公共汽车来了！
There goes the bell.铃响了。
[练全题点1]单句语法填空
1.Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _______(belong) to the well-educated.
2The teacher told us the earth_______ (go) around the sun.
3.—Have you seen my email about our TESL project
—Yes.Luckily I checked my emails yesterday. Normally I ________(not open) my email box for days.
4.The plane________(take) off at five.
5.If you ________slowly,I understand; if you ________fast,I don't.(speak)
二、现在进行时
1.表示现在（说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作或状态，常与 now,right now,at this moment,at present 等时间状语连用。
We are waiting for you now.我们正在等你。
They're traveling in India at present.目前他们正在印度旅游。
2.表示现阶段发生的动作，说话时该动作未必正在进行。
The famous writer is writing another novel.这位著名的作家正在写另一部小说。
He is teaching in a middle school.他在一所中学教书。
3.表示将要发生的动作。此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，多指按计划、安排好的事情。
I'm meeting my father at the station at 5 o'clock.我5点要去车站接我的父亲。
They are getting married next month.他们下个月结婚。
4.表示渐变。有些动词，如：come，go，leave，start，begin，stop，arrive，return等的进行时表示逐渐变化的过程。
It is getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气越来越暖和了。
5.表示动作的反复。进行时与always，constantly，forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的厌烦、喜爱等感彩。
You are always changing your mind.你总是不停地改变主意。（不满）
She's always helping people.她总是帮助别人。(赞扬)
The boy is constantly lying.这个男孩老是撒谎。（厌烦）
6.不能用进行时态的动词。
(1)感觉类：look，smell，feel,sound,taste,see,hear等。
The soup tastes good.这汤尝起来不错。(不可说：The soup is tasting good.)
Your hands feel cold.你的手摸起来很凉。(不可说：Your hands are feeling cold.)
(2)情感类：like，love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等。
I love my dad and mum.我爱我的爸爸妈妈。(不可说：I am loving my dad and mum.)
(3)心态类：wish,hope,want,need,believe, understand,agree,know,remember,forget等I don't believe my eyes.我不相信我的眼睛。(不可说：I am not believing my eyes.)
(4)存在状态类；appear，lie(位于)，remain，belong，have等。
Those books belong to Mr.Li.那些书是李先生的。(不可说：Those books are belonging to Mr. Li)
[练全题点 2] ]单句语法填空
1.—Hi,let's go skating.
—Sorry,I'm busy right now. I _________(fill) in an application to look for a new job.
2.Hurry up! Mark and Carol _______(expect) us.
3.—Hello,I _______(phone) to ask if I can book two tickets for tonight's film.
—Sorry,we've already sold out.
4.Listen! The girl________ (play) the piano in the next room.
5.—Why are the Woods selling their belongings
—They__________ (move) to another city.
三、现在完成时
1.表示说话时已经做完了某事。常与already,yet,by this time,so far等时间状语连用。I have already finished my homework.我早已做完作业了。
Jane has told me the news.简已经告诉我这个消息了。
I haven't heard from him.我还没收到他的来信。
2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续持续下去。经常和all mylife,all the time, recently, lately,up to now,in (during) the past(last) few years,ever since 等时间状语连用。
Peter has been ill for almost a month.彼得生病已经差不多一个月了。
We've been good friends since we were very young.我们年轻时就是好朋友了。
I have lived in this city all my life.我一直生活在这座城市。
3.在句型“It/This/That is the first time...”和“It/This/That is the last time...”中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。在句型“It/This/That was the first time...”和“It/This/That was the last time...”中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
This is the first time I've been here.这是我第一次来这里。
That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.那是他们第二次在十字路口目击事故。
4.在时间、条件状语从句中可用现在完成时表将来。
You shouldn't leave school before you have finished your assignment.在没完成指定的作业之前，你不能离开学校。
As long as you have cleaned all the windows,you are allowed to play.只要你擦完所有的玻璃，你就可以去玩了。
5.since从句中的谓语动词如果是延续性动词，表示这一行为的终止；如果是终止性动词，表示这一动作的开始。
It is/has been weeks since I fell ill.我病了有几周了
It is/has been weeks since I was ill.我病好了有几周了
四、现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直持续到现在，并且还可能持续下去。它与现在完成时的区别是：现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在继续。
I have written an article.我已经写完了一篇文章。（已完成）
I have been writing an article.我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）
[练全题点3]单句语法填空
1.Dashan who _________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
2.People in this area are in fact French citizens because it_________(be) a colony of the French Republic since 1946.
3.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars.We__________ (wait) here for more than two hours.
4.I _______(read) half of the English novel,and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
5.In the last few years,China_________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
6.Marty________(work) really hard an bis boat and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday
7.—Where is Peter I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and________（write) his essay there ever since.
8.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody__________ (see) them since.
9.Since the time humankind started gardening, we_________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
10.—Tony,why are your eyes red
—I __________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes
考点清单 过去时态
一、一般过去时
1.表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作。
Where did you go just now 你刚才去了哪里？
He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.他昨天看见王先生了。
2.表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时，句子中常带有every day,often，usually,always,sometimes等时间状语。
Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year.彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.我上学时每周去看一场电影。
3.表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来判断。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,end then closed his eves.那个男孩把照睛睁开了一会儿，看了看船长，然后就闭上了眼睛。
She got up early,fetched water,cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.她早早起床、提水、打扫房间，然后出去散步。
4，在表示时间、条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there.他们说只要他们一到那里就会马上通知我。
He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不去。
5.一般过去时常与yesterday,last week.an hour ago.the other day,in 1982等时间状语连用。She suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天她突然病倒了。
Did you have a party the other day 前几天你们开派对了吗？
特别点击
有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也要用一般过去时。
I didn't know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
一般过去时除了可以表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态外，还可表示：
1want,hope,think,intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去原本……”
I thought he was an honest man.我原以为他是个老实人。
He didn't intend to hurt you.他没打算伤害你。
②used to十动词原形，表示过去的习惯性动作而现在已经不再发生了。
We used to spend our vacation in the mountains.我们以前常常在山里度假。(暗示现在不再在山里度假了)
[练全题点1]单句语法填空
1.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that(reflect) my interest.
2.I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),"What do you wish me to do now ”
3.—Is Peter coming
—No,he (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
4.The real reason why prices (be),and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
5.—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been
—I went to Ningxia and (stay) there for one year,teaching as a volunteer
二、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，由“was/were十现在分词”构成。She was watching TV at six yesterday evening.昨晚6点她正在看电视。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天他一整天都在准备他的演讲。
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行
He was reading a novel when I came in.当我进来时，他正在看小说。
3.表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly, travel,stay等)。
He said she was arriving the next day.他说她将于第二天到达。
4.与always，forever,constantly,continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩。
Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.雷锋同志总是先想着他人，而不是他自已
[练全题点2]单句语法填空
1.Four years ago, while Cathy _______(watch) the Olympics,a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
2.—I saw Ann at the concert yesterday.
—Impossible.She ___________(play) chess with me in my room then.
3.Jack________(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.
4.He must have sensed that I _________(look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that ”
5.She___________(phone) someone,so I nodded to her and went away.
三、过去完成时
过去完成时由“had十过去分词”构成。用法如下：
1.过去完成时表示过去的某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作（即表示“过去的过去”）。时间状语可用by，before等构成的短语，也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.他说他在国外待了三年。
2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去，常用的时间状语有by then,by the end of,by the time,until,before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.直到那时，他对此仍一无所知。
3.在 That/This/It was the first/second/third...time that...句型中，that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
This was the first time that they had met in thirty-nine years.这是三十九年里他们第一次见面。
4.It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年来从没这么高兴过。
5.表示愿望或打算的词，如：intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose，expect，think等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜的情感。
I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你的，但我这里来了个不速之客
6.用在表示“一……就……”的句型中：Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主语+done...when...did...；No sooner had+主语+done...than...did....
Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.她刚一上床铃就响了
[练全题点3]单句语法填空
1.Silk_________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
2.When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I _______(not see) for years.
3.Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I__________ (leave) my book in the cafe.
4.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house
—Not really, She_______(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
5.During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends __________(recommend).
考点清单 将来时态
一、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其形式除了“will或shall+动词原形”外还有以下几种：
1.某些表示瞬间动作的动词用于现在进行时，可表示按计划、安排将要发生，且这一动作通常表示不久以后就要发生。此类动词有：go，come，start.leave.stay.return,arrive,begintakemeet等。
We are going to the cinema tonight.我们打算今晚去看电影。
My uncle is coming back from abroad.我叔叔要从国外回来了。
2.既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。常用动词有：be,begin, come,go,leave, stop,end,arrive,open,stay,return等
The plane takes off at 15:05.飞机15:05起飞。
School finishes on January 18th.这学期1月18号结束。
3.当主句为一般将来时，以after,when,while，as soon as，before,once，if,unless等引导的时间或条件状语从句，及在even if，in case等引导的状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；在the more....the more...句型中，从句也要用一般现在时代替将来时。
When you meet him,he will tell you the truth.你见到他时，他会告诉你真相。
Even if I have to sell my house,I'll keep my business going.即使我必须要卖掉我的房子，我还是要继续我的事业。
The harder you work,the better the results will be.你工作越努力，结果就越好。
4.如果主句是一般将来时，连接词so，who，whether，where等引导的从句中，也可以用一般现在时表示将来。
The man who marries my daughter will need to be tough,fast-moving and quick thinking.娶我女儿的人必须得身体强壮、反应迅速、思维敏捷。
5.“be going to+动词原形”可表示将来情况。人作主语时表示打算做某事；物作主语时表示目前迹象表明将要发生某事。
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss it.他们打算召开会议来讨论这件事
This rope is going to break soon.这条绳子就快断了。
6.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、安排将要做某事。
They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学校门口见面。
7.be about to do sth.表示即将发生的动作，不能和表示将来的时间状语连用。
Be quiet! The film is about to start.安静！电影马上就开始了。
[练全题点1] 单句语法填空
1.As you go through this book,you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
2.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I ________(call) him later.
3.—What time is it
—I have no idea. But just a minute,l _______(check) it for you.
4.If new farming methods succeed,they_________ (increase) their production by 20 percent.
5.My family________ (go) for a picnic next Sunday.
6.—Do you think we should accept their offer
—Yes,we should,for we ________(have) such bad luck so far,and time________ (run) out.
7.Unless it_________ (rain),we'll go for a picnic next Sunday.
8.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_________ (go) through a cloud.
9.We were about to leave school__________ it began to snow.
10.If you___________(win) the game,you will have to train hard.
二、将来时的其他形式
1.将来进行时
表示将来某个时间点或时间段正进行的动作，通常有明显的时间状语。
At this time tomorrow we will be flving over the Atlantic.明天这个时候我们将正在飞越大西洋。
2.过去将来时
（1）表示过去将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用“would+动词原形”
She hoped that they would meet again one dav.她希望将来有一天她们能重逢
（2）有时用过去进行时was/weredoing表示过去将来时，谓语动词多为go，leave,come,start,begin等动词。
They said they were leaving for London soon.他们说他们不久就要动身去伦敦。
(3)was/were to do sth.可以表示过去计划或安排做某事。
She said she was to take up the position.她说她要担任这个职务。
3.将来完成时
指将来某一时刻已完成的动作。用于将来完成时的时间状语有：by the time+从句;by the end of+表将来时间的名词；by+将来时间名词等。
By the time Jane gets home,her aunt will have left for London to attend a mecting.简到家时，她的姑姑将已经去伦敦参加会议了。
[练全题点2]单句语法填空
1.Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child,few people guessed that he________ (go) be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
2.At college,Barack Obama didn't know that he_________ (become) the first black president of the
United States of America.
3.Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she ________(teach) a class at that time.
4.James has just arrived, but I didn't know he__________ (come) until yesterday.
5.—Will you come over to Beijing next summer
—I'd like to,but my family_________ (visit) London that summer,
考点清单四 动词的语态
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下(以动词do为例)：
一般现在时：am/is/are+done 一般过去时；was/were+done
一般将来时：will/shall be+done 现在进行时：am/is/are being+done
过去进行时：was/were being+done 现在完成时：have/has been+done
过去完成时：had been+done 将来完成时：will/shall have been+done
过去将来时：would/should be+done 过去将来完成时：would/should have been+done
现在完成进行时：have/has been being+done 过去完成进行时：had been being+done
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。
2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者被要求不可触摸展品。
3.在文章标题、广告、新闻中。
Girls wanted.招女工
特别点击：
“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周接受一次治疗。
4.动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。
I was deeply moved by the boy's kindness.我被男孩的善良深深地感动了。
5.为了礼貌起见而不提及动作的执行者。
I have been told many times not to make noises.有人多次告诉我不要制造噪音。
三、主动形式表达被动意义
1.系动词(look，feel,taste，sound，smell,prove,seem,appear等）十形容词或名词。
The dish tastes good.这道菜尝起来不错。
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin，finish,close,open,start,stop,shut,move,run等）。
The store closes at 6:00 p.m.every day.这家商店每天下午6点关门。
3.表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read,write,sell,wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,drink,eat,clean等)。
Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
4.“介词（in，on，under等）十名词”构成介词短语表示被动意义。
in print 在印刷中 on show 展出
under control 受控制 under treatment 在治疗中
under repair在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中
The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。
5.want,require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
Your coat needs washing.你的上衣需要洗了。
6.be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读
7.在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。
The girl isn't easy to get along with.这个女孩不容易相处
8.be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租)也用主动形式表示被动意义。
He shouldn't be to blame under the circumstances.在这种情况下，他不应该受到指责。
[练全题点]单句语法填空
1.More efforts,as reported, ________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
2.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _________(hold) back thankfully by the shop window.
3.—Did you enjoy the party
—Yes. We __________(treat) well by our hosts.
More expressways _________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
5.In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat________（cut).
分层必刷 练 提分要义
I.单句语法填空
1.[2020新高考全国卷I]The 80、000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,_________
(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.
2.[2020新高考全国卷I]The parts of a museum open to the public _________(call) galleries or rooms.
3.[2020全国卷Ⅰ]The unmanned Chana'e-4probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess— __________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
4.[2020全国卷I]“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon_______(construct).”
5.[2020 全国卷IⅢ]As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and_________ (point) down the river.
6.[2020浙江卷]And,as more children were born, more food (need).
7.[2020浙江卷]By about 6000 BC,people__________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to
raise.
8.[2020 浙江卷]New methods _________（mean) that fewer people worked in farming.
9.[2020 天津卷]The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and__________ (remain)
around that level ever since.
10.[2020江苏卷]Instead of getting down to a new task as I _________(expect), he examined the
previous work again.
11.[2020天津卷]—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It's because I_________(practice) a lot these days.
12.[2019 全国卷I]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __________（report) inereases in bear
sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
参考答案
现在时态
练全题点1
1 belongs 2 goes 3 don’t open 4 takes 5 speak; speak
练全提点2
1 am filling 2 are expecting 3 am phoning 4 is playing 5 are moving
练全提点3
1 has been learning 2 has been 3 have been waiting 4 have read 5 has made
6 has been working 7 has been writing 8 has been 9 have been trying
10 have been cutting
过去时态
练全提点1
1 reflected 2 asked 3 changed 4 were 5 stayed
练全题点2
1 was watching 2 was playing 3 was working 4 was looking 5 was phoning
练全提点3
1 had become 2 hadn’t seen 3 had left 4 had given 5 had recommended
将来时态
练全提点1
1 will find 2 will call 3 will check 4 will increase 5 will go 6 have had; is running
7 rains 8 is going 9 when 10 are to win
练全提点2
1 was going to 2 was to become 3 will be teaching 4 was coming/would come
5 will be visiting
动词的语态
练全提点
1 will be made 2 was held 3 were treated 4 will be built 5 has been cut
分层必刷
1 formed 2 are called 3 touched 4 is constructed 5 pointed 6 was needed
7 had discovered 8 meant 9 has remained 10 had expected 11 have been practising
12 have reported