外研版（2019)选择性必修第四册Unit 1Science Fiction 单词课堂课件 (24张)

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版本：新外研 单元：选择性必修四 Unit 1
本单元词汇梳理
1. boyhood 构词：boy + -hood (名词后缀：表示时期)
同后缀词：childhood, adulthood
2. ambition ambition 源自拉丁语 ambitio (四处奔走)，词根amb表示“走”，救护车 ambulance 原义就是四处走的医院。 ambition 原指古代政客四处奔走发表演说拉选票的行为。政客拉选票是为了实现自己的政治抱负，所以 ambition 引申出“野心、政治抱负” ，原本含有贬义，但现在已经变成中性词，既可以指“野心”，也可以指“雄心、志向”。词块：ambition to do sth / ambition of doing sth
派生词：ambitious
3. trainee 构词：train + -ee (被……的人)
同后缀词：employee (后缀 -ee 表示动作的接受者)
4. correspondent 构词法：correspond (v 通信) + -ent (名词后缀)
5. bullfighting 构词：bull (公牛) + fight (战斗) + -ing
6. historical 构词：history (n 历史) + -al (形容词后缀)
词块：places of historical interest
词族：history, historical, historic, historian
7. detective 构词：detect (v 发现、察觉) + -ive (做……的人)
detect：de- (off 去掉) + tect (to cover 掩盖) → 去掉掩盖 → 察觉、发现；词块：a detective story
8. ultimately 构词：ultimate (最终的) + -ly；句子副词
近义词：finally, eventually
9. dot 名词动词化“布满；星罗棋布于”(The sky was dotted with stars.)
词块：on the dot, be dotted with
10. backwards 构词：back + wards (副词后缀)；backwards是英式英语，美式是backward
同后缀词：forward(s), afterwards
11. admission 构词法：admit (必修二U2) — admission
12. participation 构词法：participate (必修二U2) — participation
词族：participate, participant, participation
plex 构词：com- (with, together 一起) + plex (to weave 编织) → 编织在一起的 → 复杂的
反义词：simple
派生词：complexity
14. undergrowth 合成词：under + growth
15. numerous 构词：numer- (number 数量) + -ous (形容词后缀) →
数量多的；正式用语 (对应 many)
mercial 构词：commerce [com- (together 共同) + merc (商业) + e] + -al (形容词后缀)
同根词：merchant (商人)
词族：commerce, commercial, commercialise, commercialism, commercialisation
17. thoughtful 构词：thought + -ful (形容词后缀)
18. symbolize 构词法：symbol (必修二U1) — symbolize
19. alternative 词块：alternative energy, have no alternative but to do sth
20. arise 构词：a- (向上) + rise → 向上立起 (基本义)
词块：arise from / out of
21. circumstance 构词：circum (around 周围) + st (to stand 站立) + -ance (名词后缀) → 站立的周围 → (周边) 的状况 → 情况
同根词：stand, stay, distance, constant
词块：in / under ... circumstances, in / under no circumstances
22. mixture 构词：mix (v 混合) + -ure (名词后缀)
词块：a mixture of
23. affection 构词法：affect (必修二 U6) — affection
词块：affection for
24. qualified 构词：qualify [v (使) 合格] + -ed
词块：be qualified for / to do sth
词族：quality, qualify, qualified, qualification
25. fluency 构词法：fluent — fluency
类似构词：frequent & frequency, efficient & efficiency
26. sincerely 构词：sincere (adj 真诚的) + -ly (副词后缀)
词族：sincere, sincerely, sincerity
27. refreshment 构词法：refresh — refreshment
28. shift 基本义：(使) 转移
词块：a shift in sth, a shift from … to …, day / night / morning shift, shift from … to …
重难点词精讲
mind
搭配义
arise
熟词生义
complex
熟词生义
circumstance
commercial
词族
alternative
英语释义
辨析义
搭配义
辨析义
短语动词
shift
一词多义
admission
熟词生义
admission
Admission by ticket.
凭票入场。
生活中的 admission
语境复习
1. He refused to admit (to) the other charges.
2. I had to admit (to) being nervous about the test.
3. Only ticket-holders will be admitted to / into the stadium.
4. I shall be very likely to be admitted to my dream university.
承认
承认
容许……进入
被录取
admit (必修二 U2)
【温故】
admission
admission: 来自 admit (必修二 U2)
admit 构词: ad- (to) + mit (to go, send) → 送出去 → 容许进入
admission n
[U] & [C] 接纳；进入权；准许入会 / 学：
Admission by ticket.
She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.
the university admissions policy / office
[C]［常作单数］承认；供认：
an admission of a mistake / failure
[U] 入场费：
admission charges / prices
【知新】
admit & admission 语义网络图
供认
admit
容许……进入
（基本义）
承认
“容许”事情“进入”内心
“容许”人“进入”组织或机构
“容许”物体“进入”某地
接纳；招收
容许……进入
承认；供认
接纳；
准许入会 / 学；入场费
进入权
admission
“容许”自己做错了的事“进入”公众视野
视频学习：make up your mind 是什么意思
make up one’s mind 拿定主意；下定决心
make up one’s mind 拿定主意；下定决心：
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
He has made up his mind to overcome his shortcomings.
change one’s mind 改变主意：
When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I have
changed my mind.
bear / keep … in mind 将……记在心中；记起
(bear / keep in mind that)：
It’s a good idea — I’ll bear it in mind.
Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind
that note-taking is a selective process.
come / spring to mind 突然想起;(想法)一下子冒出来：
Kindness and honesty are words that spring to mind
when talking of the man.
lose one’s mind 发疯：
To be in this place, you have to have a sense of
humor or you’ll lose your mind.
put / set / turn one’s mind to / set one’s mind on 集中精力做：
She could have been a brilliant pianist if she’d put her mind to it.
■ adj 复杂的 (complicated) 反 simple；复合的：
a complex state of affairs
The link between money and happiness is complex.
a complex sentence
■ n [C] 综合楼群；综合体；联合企业：
a new apartment complex 2010 浙江
【拓展】complexity n [U] & [C] 复杂性；错综复杂（的事物）
complex
构词：com- (together 一起） + plex (to weave 纺织) → (问题等) 织在一起的 → 复杂的
commercial
生活中的 commercial
商业广告
commercial
■ adj［常用于名词前］商业的；营利性的；商业化的：
commercial radio / TV / channels
The movie was not a commercial success.
Intellectual property is a product of the mind that has commercial value.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial.
■ n [C] 商业广告：
a radio / TV commercial
构词：commerce [com- (together 共同) + merc (商业) + e] + -al (形容词后缀)
【词汇拓展】
commerce n [U] 商业；贸易 (trade)：
electronic commerce (e-commerce)
commercialize / commercialise vt［常用于被动语态］使商业化；使成为营利手段：
Some people believe festivals should not be commercialized.
commercialization / commercialisation n [U] 商业化
词族：commerce, commercial, commercialize, commercialization
看到上面两幅图，大家很容易想到风能和太阳能，这些自然能源即为“替代能源”（alternative energy）。此时，alternative可译为“可替代的”。
alternative
alternative adj
[只用于名词前] 可供替代的；可供选择的 that you can use, do, etc. instead of sth else：
an alternative method of learning
The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
非传统的；另类的 different from what is usual or traditional：
an alternative lifestyle
alternative energy 替代能源（指太阳能、风能、水能等）
alternative n [C] 选择；供选择的东西：
Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport.
have no alternative but to do sth
除了做某事别无选择：
I had no alternative but to report him to the police.
【拓展】
alternatively adv
[引出第二种选择或可能的建议] 二者选一地；或者：
I could come to your house, or alternatively we could meet in town.
三个词中，alternative 最正式，choice 较 option 稍非正式。
option, choice 或 alternative均可表示可选择的事物。
alternative 较常用以指两个选择，后可接介词 to：
You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.
表示选择权或选择的自由最常用 choice，有时也可用 option，但通常不用 alternative：
Do I have a choice of what color to paint my room
option 也指计算机程序里的选项、选择。
【辨析】alternative, choice, option
根据所给汉语，完成句子。
We _________________ （起床）early this morning.
got up
/ arose
正式用语
arise
起床；起身；起立：
He arose from his seat.
（问题或困难）出现；发生；产生 ：
What problems may arise when humans are cloned
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
arise from / out of 因……产生；由……引起：
Accidents often arise from / out of carelessness.
问题、困难或新事物等“向上立起”
人“向上立起”
同义异构：occur, happen
构词：a- (向上) + rise (升起) → 基本义：向上立起
注：日常用语中，表示出现问题或困难出现更常用 come up。
arise vi［正式用语］
circumstance
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. We don’t usually accept late applications, but ________________________________________（在这种情况下）we will make an exception.
2. ___________________________________（在任何情况下都不）should you leave this house.
in this case
/ in / under the circumstances
In no case
/ In / Under no circumstances
circumstance n [C]
［常用复数］情况；情形 the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.：
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.
［复数］［正式用语］境况；状况（尤指经济状况）the conditions of a person’s life, especially the money they have：
financial / social / personal circumstances
in / under ... circumstances 在……情况下：
Under the circumstances, it seems better not to tell him about the accident.
It’s an experimental model, so don’t touch it under any circumstances. 2012 江西改
circumstance
词源解读：circum (around 周围) + st (to stand 站立) + -ance (名词后缀) → 站立的周围 → (周边) 的状况 → 情况；情形
in / under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不：
Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
注：in / under no circumstances 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
辨析：circumstance, environment
circumstance 和 environment 都含有“环境”“状况”之意。
● circumstance 指“情况”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（how much money sb has）”。
We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances.
● environment 指“生活环境”“周围状况（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。
The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.
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