外研版（2019)选择性必修第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics单词课堂课件(40张 )

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版本：新外研 单元：选择性必修四 Unit 4
1. forehead 构词：fore (in the front of) + head
同前缀词：forecast
2. blank 基本义：空白的
词块：go blank, a blank expression / look, blank faces
3. chairwoman 合成词：chair + woman；拓展：chairman
chairman词源：中国古代没有座椅，人们都坐在席子上。辈分或地位最高的人坐的席子叫“主席”，所以中国人用“主席” 来称呼领导人或主持人。而在国外，大家习惯坐在椅子或凳子上。但是椅子贵，凳子便宜，所以辈分或地位较高的人坐椅子，而其他人则坐小板凳或长凳，或站着。所以与中国的“主席”对应的英文单词就是 chairman。
本单元词汇梳理
4. sunrise 构词：sun + rise (升起)
5. potential 词块：achieve / fulfil(l) / reach one’s (full) potential
派生词：potentially (选必三 U4)
6. bug bug的词源义是“令人害怕的东西”，后指昆虫(insects)。1841 年衍生出释义“热衷 / 着迷 / 有某个想法的人”。词义“故障”据说来自大发明家爱迪生(Edison)。他在检查机器故障时，发现故障原因是由于里面死了一个小虫子，这令人感到厌烦。
词块：be bitten by the bug
7. enterprising 构词：enterprise (进取心) + -ing (形容词后缀)
enterprise构词：enter- (among) + prise (to take, to seize) → 把事业掌握在手中 → 企业、进取心
8. input 构词：in (入) + put (放) → 放入内部的 (事物) →
投入 (物) → 输入
名词动词化：输入；反义词：output
9. phase 词块：the initial / next phase of sth, a new phase
10. manufacturer 构词：manufacture (制造) + -er (……人)
manufacture构词：manu (hand) + fact (to make) + -ure (名词后缀)
11. purchase 构词：pur- (forth 向前) + chase (to run after) → 向前追赶 → 获得、得到 → 买到；正式用语 (对应buy)
词块：make a purchase, purchase and sale
12. distribution 构词法：distribute — distribution
构词：dis- (apart) + tribut (to assign 分配) + -ion (名词后缀) → 分配 (基本义)
13. bonus 词源：早期人们购买股票有各种收益，其中最基本的收益是“股息” ，即股票持有人按照预定的比例，根据所购买的股份从所投资公司的盈利中获得收益。另外，在派发股息之后，如果公司还有盈余，股票持有人还可以瓜分盈余，获得更多收益。当时的证券交易商们借用了拉丁语中的bonus一词用来称呼这种股息之外的更多收益，中文一般翻译为“红利”。现在，bonus一词早已经超越了股票领域，用来泛指固定收益外的各种更多收益。
bonus的本义是“好处”(good)，词根bene (联系benefit) 来自这个词。
14. entrepreneurial 构词：entrepreneur (创业者) + -ial (形容词后缀)
词源同 enterprise
15. guidance 构词：guide + -ance (名词后缀)
词块：seek guidance from …, follow sb’s guidance, under the guidance of sb / under sb’s guidance
16. consultant 构词：consult (v 咨询) + -ant (……的人)
consult构词：con- (together) + sult (to gather together) → 召集到一起协商 → 请教、咨询
词族：consult, consultant, consultation
17. discriminate 构词：dis- (apart) + crimin (space) + -ate (动词后缀) → 在……之间造成间隙 → 区别对待、歧视
词块：discriminate from / against
派生词：discrimination
18. estate estate 源自 status (地位)，词源义是“地位、社会等级”。后来，因为社会地位主要取决于财产， estate 又衍生出“财产”的含义，如 real estate (不动产)。
19. superior 构词：super (above) + -ior (形容词后缀) → 在……之上的 → 更好的 (基本义)
同根词：super, superb, supervision
词块：be superior to
派生词：superiority
20. mild 一词多义：基本义“温和的”
21. calorie 音译词，“卡路里”
22. subjective 反义词：objective
词块：subjective judgement
23. freshman 词源义：新来的人，比喻新生
拓展：sophomore, junior, senior
24. afloat 构词：a- (to) + float (漂浮)
词块：stay afloat
25. interfere 构词：inter- (between) + fere (to strike) → 在……之间击打 → 干涉
词块：interfere with
26. financial 构词：finance (n 财务 / 金融) + -ial (形容词后缀)
词块：financial centre / support / aid / crisis
派生词：financially
27. automatically 构词：automatic (adj 自动的) + -al + -ly (副词后缀)
automatic构词：auto- (self) + matic (thinking) → 自己思考的 → 自动的
28. sorrow 日常用语中常用 sadness
抽象名词具体化：伤心事、不幸事
名词动词化：感到悲伤
词块：to one’s deep / great sorrow
29. frustration 构词：frustrate (v 使懊丧) + -ion (名词后缀)
词族：frustrate, frustrated, frustrating, frustration
30. hire 英式英语中短期租用hire，长期租用rent；美式英语中都用rent。
词块：hire sb to do sth, hire out, on / for hire
31. supervision 构词：super (above) + vis (to see) + -ion (名词后缀) → 在上面看 → 监督
同根词：super, superb, superior
32. expense 构词：ex- (out 向外) + pens (to pay 支付) + -e (名词后缀) → 向外支付的费用 → 费用
词块：spare no expense, at sb’s expense, living / household / daily expenses, at the expense of
派生词：expensive
33. abuse 构词：ab- (away 离开) + use → 偏离正确地使用 → 滥用注意 n 和 v 发音不同
词块：abuse alcohol / tobacco / drugs
34. theft 来自 thief
词块：identity theft
potential
熟词生义
purchase
正式用语
重难点词精讲
隐喻
mild
一词多义
熟词生义
hire
expense
一词多义
搭配义
distribute & distribution
一词多义
词根词缀
你不能选择你的潜能，但你可以选择去发挥潜能。
——西奥多·罗斯福
potential
西奥多·罗斯福（Theodore Roosevelt，1858—1919），人称老罗斯福，荷兰裔美国军事家、政治家、外交家 ，第 26任美国总统，是美国历史上最年轻的在任总统。罗斯福因成功地调停了日俄战争，获得1906年的诺贝尔和平奖。他是第一个获得此奖项的美国人。
adj［只用于名词前］可能的 (possible)；潜在的 likely to become a particular type of person or thing in the future：
a potential disaster
potential resources / customers / bosses
n [U] 潜能；可能性：
It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang Yue realised the potential here.
achieve / fulfill / reach one’s (full) potential
He has the potential to become a world-class musician.
potentially adv 潜在地；可能地 (选必三 U4)
potential
根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。
Where did you _____________（买）the car
buy
/ purchase
正式用语
purchase
vt
［正式用语］买；购买 to buy sth （反：sell）：
Tickets may be purchased in advance from the box office.
（以努力等）换得：
They purchased freedom with their blood.
n [U] & [C]［正式用语］购买；购买的物品：
purchase and sale
That’s really a good purchase.
purchase
构词：pur- (forth 向前) + chase (to run after) → 向前追赶 → 获得、得到 → 买到
distribute & distribution
发口罩
distribute masks /
the distribution of masks
看图猜词
distribute v
分配；分布；散布：
This species of dolphin is widely distributed throughout the world.
分发：
Clothes and blankets have been distributed among / to the earthquake victims.
分销（商品） ：
Who distributes our products in the UK
构词：dis- (apart) + tribut (to assign 分配) + -e (动词后缀) → 分配 (基本义)
【词汇拓展】
distribution n
[U] & [C] 分配；分布；散布：
the distribution of wealth
population distribution
[U] 分发；分送；配送：
the distribution of aid supplies
[U]（商品的）分销；经销：
A major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. 外研新选必④-4
构词：dis- (apart) + tribut (to assign 分配) + -ion (名词后缀) → 分配 (基本义)
distribute & distribution 语义网络图
在一定区域内“分配”事物等
分配；分布；散布
分销（商品）
分配；分布；散布
distribution
“分配”商品
“分配”救济物等
分发；分送
distribute
（商品的）分销；经销
分配
（基本义）distribute
分发；分送；配送
mild spicy
微辣
a mild climate
温和的气候
（程度）轻微的 → 严重的
看图猜词
温和的；温柔的：
He has too mild a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.
（天气）温暖的；暖和的（反：cold）：
a mild winter
轻微的；不严重的（slight） ：
mild sunburn
He looked at her in mild surprise.
He suffered from a mild heart attack.
味淡的；不浓的（反：hot） ：
mild flavour 外研新选必④-4
mild adj
基本义——温和的
人性格、态度“温和的”
天气“温和的”
疾病状况等“温和的”
味道“温和的”
温和的
（基本义）
mild
疾病状况等“温和的”
天气“温和的”
味道“温和的”
（天气）温暖的；暖和的
轻微的；不严重的
味淡的；不浓的
mild 语义网络图
人性格、态度“温和的”
温和的；温柔的
hire
rent / hire a shared bike
v
vt (BrE)（短期）租用 (AmE rent) ：
hire a car / boat
vt & vi（临时）雇用：
the power to hire and fire
She hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004. 2014 天津
hire sb to do sth:
I’ll hire a lawyer to handle the case.
hire out
The company hires out cars.
n [U] 租用；雇用：
let out sth on hire
cars on / for hire
hire
基本义
要留意细小的开支。小洞沉大船。
这句话是美国政治家、物理学家本杰明·富兰克林的一句名言。相当于中国的谚语“千里之堤，溃于蚁穴”。他提醒我们不要忽视小的细节，也许就是这些被忽视的小细节会导致无法挽回的结果。
spare no expense
cut down on one’s expense
living / household / daily expenses
cover one’s daily expenses
Running a car is a big expense.
I don’t think we can afford the expenses.
expense n [U] & [C] 支出；费用；代价：
at sb’s expense 由某人付费 / 负担费用:
I published a book at my own expense.
at the expense of 以……为代价:
He finished the job at the expense of his health.
本单元的词根词缀
1. manufacturer: manu (hand 手) + fact (to make 做、制造) + -ure + -er（……人）→ 用手“__________”的人 → __________
2. exceed: ex- (out 向外) + ceed (to go 走) → “__________ ” ……的范围 → __________
3. purchase: pur- (forth 向前) + chase (to run after 追赶) → 向前“___________” → 得到 → __________
4. superior: super (above 在……上) + -ior（形容词后缀）→ 在……“_______
___”的 → __________
制作
走出
追逐 / 追赶
之上
制造商
超过
5. distribution: dis- (apart 分开地) + tribut (to assign 分配) + -ion（名词后缀）→ 单独分开“___________”→ __________
购买
更好的
分发 / 分配
分配
英语中的 metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由 meta- (over) 和 pherein (to carry) 合成，合起来意思是 to carry over（拿过来）。因此，隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。
隐喻 metaphor
本单元隐喻典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义
flat 平的 （轮胎）瘪了的
blank 空白的 没表情的
superior 更好的 有优越感的
input （时间、知识、思想、建议等） 输入 （计算机信息） 输入
bug 小昆虫 故障
potential 可能性 潜能
bonus 奖金 意外收获
本单元金句汇总
1. He has the potential to become a world-class musician.
2. Tickets may be purchased in advance from the box office.
3. They purchased freedom with their blood.
4. He looked at her in mild surprise.
5. He finished the job at the expense of his health.
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities.（2018 北京改） ___________
2. The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales. ___________
3. They can help you start a business by supplying useful information of your potential buyers.（2020 天津改） ___________
4. This crisis is potentially the most serious in the organisation’s history. ___________
二、根据汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
Theory Y is the view that everyone ________________（有潜力）to find satisfaction in work.（2016 上海）
可能
可能性
潜在的
potential
has the potential
可能地
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She paid for her purchases and left. ___________
2. This product should be consumed on the day of purchase.
___________
3. Keep your receipt（收据）as proof of purchase. ___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The equipment can be purchased _________ your local supplier.
2. She purchased her first house _________ the money.
购买的物品
购买当天
购物凭证
purchase
from
with
一、用 distribute 的正确形式填空。
1. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she __________ it to children.
2. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The ___________ of these languages is hugely uneven.
3. Some goods we ___________ by merit （功绩）, others by need, still others by chance.
distributed
distribution
distribute & distribution
distribute
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The volunteer group is in charge of the distribution of aid supplies. ___________
2. I need a map showing the population distribution of Canada.
___________
3. The company has gradually expanded its distribution network to include Canada and Mexico. ___________
经销
分发
分布
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He has suffered a mild heart attack — nothing too serious.
___________
2. Most rain forests lie to the equator, where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine. ___________
3. She is a mild woman, who never shouted. ___________
4. Use a soap that is mild on the skin. ___________
5. This cheese has a soft, mild flavour. ___________
轻微的
温暖的
温和的 / 温柔的
mild
温和的
味淡的
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. If you hire me, you’ll get someone who is always willing to learn.
___________
2. I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car. ___________
3. The price includes the hire of the hall. ___________
二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. They hired a firm of consultants ______________________（设计新的系统）.
2. Helmets will be available __________（供出租） at all ski areas.
雇用
租
租金
hire
to design the new system
for hire
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Too often, when giving a speech, people focus on the “public” _____________（以……为代价）the “speaking”.（2020 山东改）
2. If the printer should break down within the first year, we would repair it ____________（由我们承担费用）.
3. To earn some money to pay the ____________（日常开支）, I started work in a local café as a waiter.
4. The woman gave up her dream to be a gym teacher as she _______ _______________（负担不起费用）.
expense
at the expense of
at our expense
daily expenses
afford the expense
couldn’t
谢
谢
观
赏