(共184张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Two Lesson 1
课前自主预习
¤重点单词
1．________________n．物种，种
2．________________adj.异常的；不平常的
3．________________adj.大量的
4．________________adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
5．________________vi.& vt.减少；减少的量
6．________________vt.指责，责怪
7．________________vt.影响
species
unusual
mass
varied
decrease
blame
affect
8．________________adj.濒危的
9．________________adj.太阳光(能)的
10．________________vi.& vt.(使)孵化
11．________________vt.(使)恢复
endangered
solar
hatch
restore
¤重点词块
1．at the rate of… ___________________
2．be based on… ________________
3．lay eggs ________________
4．be at high risk _____________________
5．wipe out ________________
6．die from ________________
7．up to… ________________
以……的速度/比例
基于……
产卵/下蛋
高危；处境非常危险
彻底毁灭
死于
高达……
8．in short… ________________
9．according to ________________
10．take steps ______________________
11．be to blame ________________
12. be at risk ______________________
简而言之
根据
采取措施；执行步骤
把……归咎于
处境危险，受到威胁
¤重点句式
1．(P52)In the last 500 million years, ________ ________ ________ five times when life on Earth has almost ended.
在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝了。
【答案】there have been
2．(P53)________ ________ ________ ________ human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
【答案】It is clear that
3．(P53)Without forest, we ________ ________ no air to breathe.
没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气。
【答案】would have
¤课文预读
Ⅰ.判断正误
( )1.In the last fifty million years, life on Earth has almost died out.
( )2.Human activities are to blame for the previous life extinction.
【答案】1－2 FF
( )3.Human activities have so far negatively affected life on Earth.
( )4.Life will almost die out in the sixth mass extinction.
( )5.Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.
【答案】3－5 TTT
Ⅱ.阅读理解
( )1.Why does the author mention the extinctions in history in the first paragraph
A．To show us the terrible disasters for mankind.
B．To tell us the climate’s impact on wildlife.
C．To introduce the topic of this text to the readers.
D．To warn us of the potential disasters to mankind.
【答案】C
( )2.What worries us most according to the author
A．The destruction of our habitats.
B．The rapid progress of life extinction.
C．The environmental pollution.
D．The imbalance of nature.
【答案】B
( )3.What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．Human beings are closely related to nature.
B．Most living things will die out in the future.
C．No forest will exist on the earth in the future.
D．Oxygen will soon disappear on the earth.
【答案】A
( )4.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．To show us what to do to avoid the sixth distinction.
B．To tell us what to do to conserve our environment.
C．To encourage us to save more energy in our life.
D．To explain why to protect the natural environment.
【答案】A
( )5.What is the author’s attitude towards avoiding the sixth extinction
A．Pessimistic. B．Uncertain.
C．Ambiguous. D．Optimistic.
【答案】D
课堂新知讲练
1．wipe out 彻底毁灭
(P52) Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
【翻译】物种灭绝，即整个物种的完全消失，在地球历史上并不罕见。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
wipe out是个多义词语，可以表示：
(1)彻底消灭，全部摧毁(具体的物品)
The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.
这种疾病有可能毁灭整个种群。
The whole village was wiped out during the earthquake.
在地震中，整个村子都被毁掉了。
(2)去除，擦掉(抽象的东西)
I really hope surgery could wipe out the tired feelings.
我真的希望手术可以去除这些疲劳的感觉。
wipe sth.down (用湿布)彻底揩擦干净
She took a cloth and wiped down the kitchen table.
她拿了一块布把厨房桌面擦得干干净净。
wipe sth.off/from sth. 从……除掉(或抹掉)
Please wipe the dust off the chair.
请把灰尘从椅子上擦掉。
wipe sth.on/with sth. 擦拭；抹；揩；蹭
Please wipe your feet on the mat.
请在垫子上蹭一蹭脚。
wipe sth.away＝wipe sth.out把某物清除掉
Wipe away the tears on your face, but you can’t take the pain away.
擦去脸上的泪水，却带不走心中的痛楚。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)A volcanic eruption nearly ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ of Montserrat in 1997.
1997年的一次火山喷发差点把孟塞拉特这个小岛给毁灭了。
【答案】wiped out the small island
(2)A disease has ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
一场疾病把他所有的记忆都抹去了。
【答案】wiped out all his memories
(3)A big fire ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
一场大火把那座小木屋烧毁了。
【答案】wiped out the small wooden house
单句语法填空
(4)Locusts are pests but they aren’t easily wiped ________ by their enemies.
(5)After a serious flu outbreak wipes ________ 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.
【答案】(4)out (5)out
(6)While they can’t wipe ________ the strain of the past, they can certainly move forward.
(7)Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes ________ bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
(8)Then I wiped the dust ________ all the furniture and mopped the floors.
【答案】(6)away (7)down (8)off
2．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的
Paraphrase: sth.does not happen very often or you do not see or hear it very often
(P52) Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
【翻译】物种灭绝，即整个物种的完全消失，在地球历史上并不罕见。
【语言提升】
unusual adj.不寻常的；罕见的；独特的；与众不同的
not unusual 常见的；普遍的
It is unusual (for sb.) to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是不寻常的。
It is unusual that sb.do sth.某人做某事是不寻常的。
It’s not unusual for him to feel very angry in a situation like this.
在像这样的情况下他觉得非常生气并不罕见。
He was an unusual man with great business talents.
他不同凡响，很有商业天赋。
It is not unusual that she reaches out her helping hand.
她经常出手相帮。
【温馨提示】
un-是常见的否定前缀，常可加形容词表示相反的状态。常见的有：unknown(未知的)，unsafe(不安全的)，unpleasant(使人不愉快的), unhappy(不高兴的)等。
【词汇拓展】
unusually adv. 不寻常地
usual adj. 通常的
than usual 比平时
as usual 像平常那样
usually adv. 通常地
【语境助记】
It is unusual that the rain suddenly falls today, but he still goes running in the park as usual. He usually says, “Once you have got into the habit of exercising, you will stick to it.”
不寻常的是，今天突然下起雨来，但是他仍然像往常一样在公园里跑步。他经常说，“你一旦养成了锻炼的习惯，就会坚持。”
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Chopsticks are ________(usual) two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal.
(2)This time, we stayed together, in case anything else ________(usual) happened.
(3)But a few days ago, this ancient town was ________(usual) full of people.
【答案】(1)usually (2)unusual (3)unusually
翻译句子
(4)史密斯照例是最后一个到达教室的。
【答案】As usual, Smith was the last one to arrive at the classroom.
(5)在英国找到一个这么大的湖泊是不寻常的。
【答案】It is unusual to find a lake of this size in Britain.
3．mass adj.大量的
Paraphrase: a large number of
(P52) These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
【翻译】这些包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次物种大灭绝，它杀死了90%到96%的物种。
【语言提升】
(1)mass n．大量，许多； 团，块，堆；群众，民众
a mass of许多， 一堆
masses of许多，大量的(泛指)
the mass of大量的(特指)
in mass整个地，全部地
the masses群众，平民百姓
There is a mass of snow in front of the house.
在房子前面有一堆雪。
Mary always seems to have a mass of things to do.
玛丽似乎总是有一大堆事情要做。
There were masses of people in the shop yesterday.
昨天商店里人如潮涌。
The trains provide cheap and comfortable travel for the masses.
火车给大众提供了便宜、舒适的出行方式。
(2)mass adj.大量的；群众的，民众的；大规模的
His design was accepted and began to enter mass production.
他的设计被采纳，并开始大量生产。
【温馨提示】
a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。“a mass of/masses of＋n.” 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面名词的数保持一致。如：
There were masses of children playing in the yard.
院子里有很多孩子在玩耍。
There is mass of work for her to do.
她有一大堆的工作要做。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A mass ________ colors — from the palest ivory to the deepest lemon and then to the most vivid pink — shone like a carpet before us.
(2)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land ________(mass) as far south as Newfoundland.
【答案】(1)of (2)masses
(3)It’s time to have lunch, so I think there surely are ________(mass) of people in the dining room.
(4)With forests destroyed, masses of fertile soil ________(be) being washed away each year.
【答案】(3)masses (4)is
完成句子
(5)Self-driving vehicles still have a long way to go before they reach ________________ stage.
自动驾驶汽车在进入大规模生产阶段之前还有很长的路要走。
【答案】mass production
(6)One hour before the news conference，__________ journalists were in the hall.
在新闻发布会开始前一小时，大厅里已经有很多记者了。
【答案】a mass of/masses of
(7)我开始认真筛选大量的证据。
I began sifting through _______________________.
【答案】the mass of evidence
4．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
Paraphrase: including a wide range of things or people
(P52) The reasons for extinctions are varied.
【翻译】物种灭绝的原因多种多样。
【语言提升】
varied adj.不同的，多变的，各种各样的，形形色色的(＝various)
Representatives from varied parts of the country have arrived in Beijing.
来自全国各地的代表们到达了北京。
The choir has a varied program of concerts throughout the year.
合唱队有一个全年举行各种各样音乐会的计划。
【词汇拓展】
vary vi.(根据情况)变化，改变；(大小、形状等)相异，不同
vary with… 随……而变化
vary from… 不同于……
vary in… 在……方面不同；有差异
vary from…to… 从……到……不等/不同
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The three groups of violinists ________(vary) a lot in their practice times last month.
(2)In 2020, World Wildlife Day celebrates biodiversity, including wild fauna and flora, in all its ________(vary) and beautiful forms.
【答案】(1)varied (2)varied
(3)I like reading books very much, especially storybooks, varying from Chinese stories ________ English stories.
(4)Changes in price normally vary ________ changes of supply and need.
(5)Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary ________ character.
【答案】(3)to (4)with (5)in
5．decrease vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量
Paraphrase: sth.becomes less in quantity, size, or intensity
(P52) According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.
【翻译】根据科学家的说法，它们包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量减少和全球变暖。
【语言提升】
(1)decrease vi.& vt.(使大小、数量等)减少，减小，降低
decrease by… 减少了……(表示减少的比例)
decrease to… 减少到……(表示减少后的数量)
decrease in… 在……方面减少
People planted trees on the waste hills to decrease soil erosion.
人们在荒丘上种植了树木，以减少水土流失。
The number of the students in our school has decreased to
1,200.
我们学校的学生数量已减少到1 200人。
Compared with last year, the price of wheat has decreased by 15% this year.
和去年相比，今年小麦的价格已降低了15%。
(2)decrease n．减少，降低(可数或不可数)
a decrease in… 在……方面减少
on the decrease在减少
There has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work.
失业青年人数已经有所下降。
The demand for corn is on the decrease each year in this country.
这个国家对玉米的需求量在逐年减少。
【词汇拓展】
increase vi.& vt.(使)增长，增多，增加
n．增长，增多，增加
increase to… 增加到……(表示增加后的量)
increase by… 增加了……(表示增加了多大的比例)
on the increase在增加
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut reported increases ________ bear sightings around human settlements.
(2)In September, an Australian Senate committee reported that there was no question the koala’s population is ________ the decrease.
【答案】(1)in (2)on
(3)Also power walking ________(decrease) the risks of serious diseases like high blood pressure, heart attacks and certain types of cancers.
(4)The accidents have decreased ________ 20% since the measures were taken.
(5)The crime rate in this area has decreased ________ the lowest level nowadays.
【答案】(3)decreases (4)by (5)to
(6)Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but it seems to be ________ the decrease.
(7)Experts predicted the average global temperature will increase ________ 3℃ over the next century.
【答案】(6)on (7)by
6．die out灭绝，死光
(P52) Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.
【翻译】虽然物种自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在这种情况发生的速度令人担忧。
【语言提升】
die out意为 “灭绝，死光，消失”
This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。
To our sadness, many old customs are gradually dying out.
让我们伤心的是，许多旧习俗都在渐渐消失。
die off相继死去，先后死去
die down逐渐变弱，逐渐平息
die from/of… 死于……
die away逐渐减弱，逐渐消失
be dying for sth./to do sth.渴望某物/做某事
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The prey species they directly attack will die ________.
(2)In 2016, just over 400,000 people died ________ the disease.
【答案】(1)out (2)from
(3)So far worldwide, it is reported that more than 90,000 people have been infected with the new coronavirus and more than 3,000 have died ________ less than three months.
(4)So we did what anyone would do when pressed for time and, actually lost: we got ice cream. I’m not sure if it was because of the ice cream, but at that point, any fear I had died ________.
【答案】(3)in (4)down
7．blame vt.责怪，指责
Paraphrase: to say that sb.is responsible for an accident, problem or bad situation
(P52) This time, human activity will be to blame.
【翻译】这一次，人类活动应受到指责。
【语言提升】
blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于
blame sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
be to blame for (doing) sth.因(做)某事应受责备；
对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)
Don’t blame him for breaking that vase；he is a child after all.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶。他毕竟是个孩子。
They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.
他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。
blame n．责任，责备
take/bear the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on… 把(某事的)责任归咎于……
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
Health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.
卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。
【语境助记】
He is blamed for the big mistake, but he blamed it on others. In fact, it is he, not others, that is to blame for it.
他因这次严重的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，应该是他，而不是别人，要对此负责。
【考向追踪】
高考通常从以下几个角度设题对blame进行考查：
(1)to blame作表语或定语时要用主动形式表示被动意义；
(2)通过非谓语结构对blame进行考查；
(3)blame后的介词既可以用on又可以用for，on表示责怪的对象， for表示责怪的起因。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Our task now is not ________(blame) the past，but to plan for the future.
(2)Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smart phones are now partly to blame ________ increasing the levels of student anxiety.
【答案】(1)to blame (2)for
(3)Joel blamed Harry ________ using all of the bug spray. Harry told Joel he smelled terrible, and Joel called Harry a coward.
(4)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ________ the alarm clock.
【答案】(3)for (4)on
8．affect vt.影响
Paraphrase: sth.influences sb.or causes sb.to change in some way
(P53) It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
【翻译】很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
【语言提升】
affect vt.影响；感染；假装
The south of the country was worst affected by the drought.
这个国家南方旱情最严重。
From the experience I learned how the attitude of the
leader affected the members of a team.
从这次经历中，我懂得了领导者的态度是如何影响团队成员的。
affect vt.(感情上)深深打动(一般用被动形式); 使悲伤(或怜悯等)
He was deeply affected by the music.
那段音乐深深打动了他。
affect vt.(指疾病)侵袭，感染
The disease is beginning to affect her brain.
疾病开始侵袭她的大脑。
【词汇拓展】
affection n．影响；喜爱，钟爱
have/show affection for sb/sth.钟爱某人或某物
affections爱情
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It is certain that people’s views on happiness ________(affect) greatly by their own life experience.
(2)His mother had a deep ________(affect) for him.
【答案】(1)are affected (2)affection
(3)When I make a business decision, it comes naturally for my decision to be made in the common interest of all involved because every day I see the people ________(affect) by my decision — my neighbors, my customers, and my employees as well as the natural world.
(4)Instead of spreading misinformation and fueling fearful thoughts, we should do everything we can to support those who are affected ________ events such as the COVID-19 outbreak.
【答案】(3)affected (4)by
(5)Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying ________(affect)．
【答案】affection
9．up to高达……
(P53) If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
【翻译】研究这一问题的科学家们认为，如果第六次物种大灭绝发生，地球上多达四分之三的物种将会灭绝。
【语言提升】
本句中的up to意为“高达(某个数量)……”，还可以表示：
(1)“达到……程度或数量”
The spokesman said the high speed train could speed up to 350 kilometers per hour.
发言人说，高铁的速度最高可达每小时350千米。
Our team played up to its best in the last football league.
我们的足球队在上届联赛中发挥了最高水平。
(2)“直到……为止”，相当于till或until
up to now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
up to then直到那时(常与过去完成时连用)
Please feel free to call me any time up to half past nine at night.
晚上9点半之前任何时间你都可以给我打电话。
Up to now，the writer has written six stories，three of which are about country life.
到现在为止，这位作家写了6个故事，其中有3个是关于乡村生活的。
(3)“(体力或智力上)能胜任”
I’m afraid Tim just isn’t up to the job.
恐怕蒂姆干不了这份工作。
You needn’t go back to school if you don’t feel up to it.
你要是觉得身体还不是很好的话，就不一定要回去上学。
(4)表示“是(某人)的责任，由……决定，取决于”
It’s up to sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的职责。/做某事由某人决定。
It’s up to sb.＋whether/how/when…是否/如何/何时/……由某人决定。
It’s up to you.(交际用语)由你决定。
It’s up to the travel companies to warn customers of any possible dangers.
旅游公司有义务预先告知游客任何可能的危险。
Now that the tool is available to you, it is up to you how to use it.
既然这个工具你能用，那么怎么使用它取决于你。
—Shall we go out for dinner or eat at home
我们是要出去吃饭还是在家吃呢？
—It’s up to you.
由你决定。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Almost one in ten admits spending up ________ three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails.
(2)Up to now, the program ________(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
(3)It is up to you ________(decide) when to go shopping.
(4)He, up to then, _______(find) a good subject to write about.
【答案】(1)to (2)has saved (3)to decide (4)had found
10．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
(P53) Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out.
【翻译】当然，由于我们人类的生存依赖如此之多的物种，我们也会面临灭绝的危险。
【语言提升】
(1)at risk (from/of sth.)有危险；冒风险
As with all diseases, certain groups will be more at risk than others.
所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。
(2)at the risk of doing sth.冒着……的风险
At the risk of showing my ignorance, how exactly does the Internet work
也许我难免显得无知，可互联网到底是怎么运行的呢？
(3)at risk to oneself/sb./sth.冒着伤及……的危险
He dived in to save the dog at considerable risk to his own life.
他冒着相当大的生命危险跳到水里去救那只狗。
(4)do sth.at your own risk (常见于告示)自担风险；责任自负
Persons swimming beyond this point do so at their own risk.
游泳者越过此界限后果自负。
Valuables are left at their owner’s risk.
贵重物品需看管，否则风险自负。
(5)run a risk (of sth./of doing sth.) 冒风险；有……的危险
People who are overweight run a risk of a heart attack or stroke.
超重的人有犯心脏病和中风的危险。
(6)run the risk (of sth./of doing sth.) 冒……的危险；冒险(做某事)
We don’t want to run the risk of losing their business.
我们不想冒险失去他们的生意。
Investment is all about running risks.
投资就是要冒风险。
(7)take a risk/take risks to do sth.冒险(做某事)
That’s a risk I’m not prepared to take.
我不愿意去冒这个险。
You have no right to take risks with other people’s lives.
你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。
(8)reduce/cut the risk of (doing) sth.减少(做)某事的危险
As we all know, it can reduce the risk of contracting the virus.
我们都知道，它可以降低感染病毒的风险。
(9)lower the risk of (doing) sth.降低危险
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, people all over the world are wearing masks to ________________________(减少感染的危险)．
【答案】reduce/cut the risk of infection
(2)For example, Shanghai is _________________________ (有极大的危险) because of the large population of migrant workers, but the stress level is not in the high level.
【答案】at high risk
(3)Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research: A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week ________________(减少她们的危险) suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.
【答案】cut/lower their risk of
(4)Jacob Sattelmair, from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to ________________(降低危险) of heart attacks.
【答案】cut/lower the risk
11．survive v．幸存；存活
Paraphrase: sth./sb. continues to exist even after being in a dangerous situation or existing for a long time
(P53)Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
【翻译】没有森林，我们就没有空气呼吸；没有清澈的水，我们就无法生存。
【语言提升】
(1)survive on sth.依靠……生活
Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，就这一点而论，我们生存的唯一方式是与自然和谐相处。
How do you survive on such a low salary
你是如何靠这么低的工资维持生计的？
(2)survive vt.幸存，幸免于难。其宾语通常是war, accident, flood, fire, earthquake, air crash等。
Only one baby survived the terrible car crash.
在那次严重的汽车撞车事故中只有一个婴儿生还。
(3)survive vt.比……活(或存在)的时间长
survive sb.by＋时间段 比某人多活……
She survived her husband by ten years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
【词汇拓展】
survival n．[U]幸存，生存，存活(不可数)
survivor n．幸存者，生还者(可数)
【语境助记】
Mr Green was one of the survivors who survived the earthquake. Everyone said his survival was a wonder.
格林先生是这次地震的幸存者之一。每个人都说他的存活是一个奇迹。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)And there are other opportunities for germs to survive ________ turkeys: melting and cooking.
(2)From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medication to enable him ________(survive)．
【答案】(1)on (2)to survive
(3)We depend on wildlife and on the planet’s rich biodiversity for our ________(survive) and well-being.
(4)The only ________(survive) of a shipwreck was washed up on a small island where no one lived.
(5)They also ________(survive) close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia.
【答案】(3)survival (4)survivor (5)survived
12．lay vt.&vi.产(卵)
Paraphrase: a female animal produces an egg by pushing it out of its body
(P53) Only one of those birds, a female called Old Blue, was able to lay eggs.
【翻译】在这些鸟中，只有一只叫做“老蓝”的雌性鸟能下蛋。
【语言提升】
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.
杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。
The hens are not laying well.
母鸡现在不爱下蛋。
lay vt.(尤指轻轻地或小心地)放置，安放， 搁
She laid the baby down gently on the bed.
她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。
lay aside放弃；把……放在一边
lay down放下；中断(工作)，辞(职)
lay off解雇
lay out摆开，展开；布置，策划
lay the table(相当于set the table)摆餐具
lay stress on… 强调……
【易混辨析】
lay&lie
动词 汉语 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie 说谎 lied lied lying
lie 平躺 lay lain lying
lay 放置 laid laid laying
lay 下蛋 laid laid laying
【记忆口诀】
规则撒谎，不规则躺；放和下蛋，形式一样
【针对练习】
用lay的相关短语完成句子
(1)The factory had to ________ some workers due to the financial crisis.
(2)She ________ all her new clothes on the bed and tried them on one by one.
(3)When supper was ready, her mother told her to ________.
【答案】(1)lay off (2)laid out (3)lay the table
用lay或lie的适当形式填空
(4)He ________ a hand on my shoulder for comfort just now.
(5)We were ________ on the grass when it began to rain.
(6)He ________ about his career experience to his manager when he came here.
【答案】(4)laid (5)lying (6)lied
◇句式解读
1．(P52) In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.
【翻译】在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝。
【句式剖析】
不少同学对本句中的there have been five times结构感到困惑，他们认为there be结构是不可以同have连用的。实际上，表示“有”的时候there be结构，不同于用作实义动词的have。本句的have是一个助动词，同后面的been构成现在完成时。
【句式提升】
(1)there be结构有各种时态。there be结构中的be动词可以根据具体情况，有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、be going to结构、used to结构等。
There will be heavy snow next week according to weather report.
根据天气预报，下周将有大雪。
There is going to be a flower show in our town next week.
下周我镇将会有一个花展。
There used to be a tower by the river.
河边曾经有一座塔。
(2)there be结构还可以根据具体的情况，同情态动词或seem，happen，remain等连用。
There must be someone to meet you when you arrive.
你到了后，一定会有人接你的。
There seems to be someone crying in the next room.
似乎隔壁有人在哭。
There happened to be a bus waiting at the bus stop.
在公交站碰巧有一辆车等着。
(3)there be句型中，be动词有时可用lie, stand, live, exist等替换，表示某个时候或某地有某物。
On the southwest frontier of China, there lie many forests where live a great variety of plants and animals.
在中国西南边陲有许多森林，生存着各种各样的植物和动物。
Long long ago, there lived an emperor who loved horses.
很久以前，有一位国王非常喜欢马。
There stands a tree in front of the house.
房子前面有一棵树。
There exists an argument about the arrangement for the holidays.
对于安排度假之事存在争论。
Although there is more female participation in IT, there remains a significant imbalance of senior positions between men and women.
虽然有更多的女性参与到IT行业，但在高级职位方面，男性和女性之间仍然存在着严重的不平衡。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Between the two buildings, ________________ in which a few children are swimming.
在这两幢楼之间有一个游泳池，里面有几个孩子在游泳。
(2)The moment our class meeting was over, __________________ a heated discussion.
班会一结束，接着就是一场激烈的讨论。
【答案】(1)there lies a swimming pool (2)there followed
(3)________________ no ideal solution to these tough problems.
对于这些棘手的问题似乎没有理想的解决办法。
(4)________________ a policeman there when we were in trouble.
当我们身处困境时，碰巧那儿有个警察。
【答案】(3)There seems to be (4)There happened to be
(5)________________ lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short time.
如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。
【答案】There will still be
(6)While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, ________________ no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
昆士兰铁路力求确保列车按计划运行，但无法保证火车之间或火车服务之间的连接和巴士服务。
【答案】there can be
2．(P53) It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
【翻译】很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
【句式剖析】
本句中的It是一个形式主语。其后接的is clear是一个系表结构。后面的that从句在句中作真正的主语。
【句式提升】
(1)it is＋形容词(表语)＋that从句(真正的主语)。在这个结构中，that从句的谓语部分通常是“should＋动词原形”。
It is necessary that you should behave well at school.
在学校你应该表现好一点。
(2)这句型中的表语，除了是形容词外，还可以是名词。
It is your duty that you should take good care of your parents.
照顾好你的父母是你的职责。
(3)这个句型中的that从句可以转换成动词不定式短语for sb.to do sth. 。
It is impossible that they should have finished so much work in such a short time.
＝It is impossible for them to have finished so much work in such a short time.
他们在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作是不可能的。
(4)出现在这个句型中的形容词通常有：important, necessary, wrong, possible, impossible, basic, fundamental, vital, natural, common, strange, normal等。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)________ is impossible that the small boy should have driven the car to the other end of the city.
(2)It is quite true ________ Mike has got the first prize in the speech contest last week.
(3)It is necessary ________ you to give up smoking in order to keep healthy.
(4)It is vital for us ________(keep) the environment clean.
【答案】(1)It (2)that (3)for (4)to keep
3．(P53) Without forest, we would have no air to breathe…
【翻译】没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气……
【句式剖析】
本句的介词without引出的条件是一个假设的条件，句子的谓语动词这时就用虚拟语气。
【句式提升】
without引导虚拟条件时，谓语动词要使用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词有如下三种形式：
(1)与现在事实相反；谓语部分：would/could/might (not) do sth. 如：
Without air, man couldn’t exist on the earth.
没有空气的话，人类将不能在地球上生存.
(2)与过去事实相反，谓语部分：would/could/might (not) have done sth. 如：
Without your help, I would have failed the exam last week.
没有你帮助的话，我上周考试可能就通不过了。
(3)与将来事实相反，谓语动词：would/could/might (not) do sth. 如：
Without your ticket, I wouldn’t be able to go to the concert tomorrow.
要是没有你的票的话， 我明天就不能去听音乐会了。
【特别提醒】并不是without所在的句子谓语动词一定要用虚拟语气。如果它表示一种真实的情况时，就不能用虚拟语气。如：
How did you finish your work so fast without any help
没人帮忙，你为何这么快就完成了工作？
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Without your help, _______________________________
(我就不会完成我的工作)yesterday.
【答案】I couldn’t have finished my work
(2)Without the Internet, _____________________________
(我们的生活就不会那么舒服) today.
【答案】we wouldn’t be so comfortable
课文读练专训
Ⅰ.根据课文完成表格，每空不多于三个单词
The Sixth Extinction
Topic introduction 1.________ of extinction.
2．________： the third mass extinction, the fifth extinction.
Reasons for extinction: 3.________， asteroids hitting the earth from space, changes sea level, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea, global warming.
【答案】1.Explanation 2.Historical examples
3．volcanic eruption
【答案】4.dying out 5．negatively affected 6.Three quarters
Major concerns Species are 4.________ at a rapid speed.
A study by scientist.
Conclusion: Human activity has 5.________ the earth.
Consequence of the 6th mass extinction 6.________ of all life on the earth could die out.
【答案】7．How to avoid 8.endangered species
9．lifestyles 10.farming methods
7.________？ Save 8.______________.
Change our 9.______________.
Improve 10.______________.
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost died out. Of these events, the third mass extinction, which is also known 1.________ the “Great Dying”， killed 90% to 96% of all species. The fifth event, 2.________ occurred in 66 million years ago, caused the death of dinosaurs. All these events took place due to 3.________(vary)reasons. It is estimated that the sixth mass extinction 4.________(be) just coming round. And this time it is us human beings 5.________ should be to blame.
【答案】1.as 2.which 3.varied/various 4.is 5.that
According to a study by scientists, species are dying much 6.________(fast) than normal nowadays due to various pollutions. If the sixth mass 7.________(extinct) took place, up to three quarters of all species 8.________(die) out, including human beings. In order to avoid such disasters from taking place, we should take immediate steps 9.________(protect) our environment. We can make a difference by changing our lifestyles in our daily life and work. Only by 10.________(work) together, can we slow down the progress of global warming and save our environment in the end.
【答案】6．faster 7.extinction 8.would die 9.to protect
10．working
Ⅲ.短文写作
根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
There have been five mass extinctions of living things on Earth in the last 500 million years. With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more pollution have been done to the Earth.It is reported that over three quarters of life on Earth would die out if the sixth extinction took place. To avoid such tragedies from taking place, the author gives us some suggestions.
突破语法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
请认真理解句意，体会画线单词在句中的作用和语法功能。
1．Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth’s history.
2．In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended.
3．There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming and overfishing.
4．These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
5．Tom won the first prize in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
6．I have kept in mind everything that you told me.
【我的领悟】
1．句1中，where是一个关系副词，引导一个________从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示一个场合或状况。where在从句中作________。
2．句2中，when是一个关系副词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示时间。when在从句中作________。
keys：1.定语；Extinctions；状语 2.times; 状语
3．句3中，why是一个关系副词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。其先行词表示一个原因。why在从句中作________。
4．句4中，which是一个关系代词，引导一个非限制性的定语从句，对先行词________进行补充说明。which在从句中作________。
keys：3．reasons；状语 4.Great Dying；主语
5．句5中，which是一个关系代词，引导一个定语从句。其先行词是前面的________。which在从句中作________。
6．本句中，that是一个关系代词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词________。that在从句中作________。
keys：5．整个句子； 主语 6.everything; 宾语
□限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
一、两类定语从句的不同
所谓限制性定语从句就是对先行词进行修饰、限制的定语从句。这类从句如果去掉了，则句子的意思不完整。非限制性定语从句则是对先行词进行一个补充说明，去掉这个从句，句子意思依然完整。这两类定语从句主要有如下不同：
区别一：形式不同。限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
区别二：功能不同。限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People who take physical exercise live longer.(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整) 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
区别三：翻译不同。在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。
He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.
我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
区别四：含义不同。 比较下面的两个句子：
I have a sister who is a doctor.
我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister, who is a doctor.
我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
区别五：先行词不同。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.(which指drive too fast)
彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. (which指整个主句) 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。
注意：下列情形只能用非限制性定语从句：
1．当“不定数量词 (如some, several)/数词＋of which/whom” 表示 “整体which或whom中的一部分” 的概念时。
We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers.
There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.
2．当先行词为专有名词或被物主代词或指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.
二、非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．限制性定语从句的先行词往往是某一个词，但非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至是整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句一般由关系代词which或as引导，as引导的非限制性定语从句常用在as is said/known/expected/mentioned/reported/announced等结构中。
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the Earth once every month.
2．that 不可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
Her father gave her a computer for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
He failed in the driving test yesterday, which made him rather unhappy.
3．why 不用在非限制性定语从句中，需用for which代替。
I told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the party last week.
4．在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.
The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.
5．关系代词省略。关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
She is the new student (whom/who/that) I want to introduce to you.
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
□追踪练习
一、单句语法填空
1．In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
2．We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
【答案】1.whose 2.when
3．Their baby is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
4．Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，________ she opened with her late husband Les.
5．They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】3.where 4.which 5.who
6．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
7．The students benefiting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged in academic life.
8．We live in this society now ________ literally someone is always helping.
9．However, Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island ________ he began to plant trees.
【答案】6．that/which 7.who 8.where 9.where
10．To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones ________ I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.
11．The village lay near some wetlands ________ became his second home.
12．Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, ________ will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
【答案】10．that 11.which/that 12.who
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．One afternoon，________________(那时，我还在上小学), I was walking by the school playground.
【答案】when I was in primary school
2．In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ____________________(为他们创设的)．
【答案】which/that is created for them
3．She and her family bicycle to work, __________________ (这有助于他们保持健康)．
【答案】which helps them keep fit
4．Kate, ____________________________(我和她共用一个房间)when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
【答案】who/whom I shared a room with
5．The stadium ____________________________(它的旁边有一家电影院)will be reconstructed.
【答案】beside which stands a theatre
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________(不同的) prices of the sneakers mainly depend on the size of their e-panels.
2．If we stop trying to improve ourselves, we’ll find that our skill level doesn’t stay on the same level, but instead ________(减少)．
【答案】1.varied 2.decreases
3．Joel ________(责备) Harry for using all of the bug spray. Harry told Joel he smelled terrible, and Joel called Harry a coward(懦夫)．
4．Reading poetry is an art in itself. Whether you’re reading someone else’s poem or your own, how you read the poem can ________(影响) the meaning.
【答案】3.blamed 4.affect
5．While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to ________(冒险) turn out to be different.
6．Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to ________(活下来) on its own
【答案】5．risk 6.survive
7．This professor discovered some rare ________(物种) of plants deep in this forest last summer.
8．Now we can rely on the ________(太阳的) energy to generate electricity.
【答案】7.species 8.solar
9．This is an ________(濒危的) kind of animal, so it is under strict protection.
10．After a short break, these young people got themselves ________(恢复) soon.
【答案】9．endangered 10.restored
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A heart attack victim often experiences only pain and shortness of breath while a panic attack victim ________(usual) suffers more symptoms than the two mentioned.
2. I’ve got ________(mass) of work to do every day.
【答案】1.usually 2.masses
3．Psychologist Sharon Draper says there are other ways to boost your memory, ________(include) doing brain challenges such as puzzles, crosswords and Sudoku at least once a day.
4．Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame ________ the alarm clock.
5．Just as things had begun to normalize, in 2006, Ian’s body ________( affect ) by a major stroke.
【答案】3.including 4.on 5．was affected
6．In a new look at the impact of long-time sitting behavior on health, a new study links time watching television to an ________(increase) risk of death.
7．Now workers can plant a tree in just ten seconds, and their ________(survive) rate is over 80 percent.
8．She ________(lie) under her favorite tree in a soft nest of shredder(碎片) wrapping paper, chewed-up boxes, and curling(缠绕) bits of ribbon.
【答案】6.increased 7.survival 8.lay
9．In the past thirty years, there ________(be) great changes in every field of life in our country.
10．Without your help, I would not ________(win) the first prize in the contest last term.
【答案】9．have been 10.have won
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．从前有一位非常善良的农夫。(there lived)
【答案】There lived a very kind farmer in the past.
2．我们镇是个著名的“鲜花之乡”。(be known as)
【答案】Our town is known as home of flowers.
3．我们与同学们相处好是非常重要的。(it is＋adj.＋that)
【答案】It is very important that we should get on/along well with our classmates.
4．今天由你负责洗碗。(be up to)
【答案】It is up to you to do the washing today.
5．那个小孩有被洪水冲走的危险。(at the risk of)
【答案】The child is at the risk of being carried away by the floods.(共85张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Three Lesson 2
课前自主预习
¤重点单词
1．________________n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
2．________________n．消费者
3．________________adj.浪费的；挥霍的
4．________________vt.包，裹
5．________________n．交通运输系统，运输方式
6．________________n．灰尘，尘土
7．________________adj.现实的，实际的
packaging
consumer
wasteful
wrap
transportation
dirt
realistic
8．________________adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
9．________________adj.可再填充的
10．________________adj.意识到的，明白的
11．________________n．收集；收藏品；专辑
12．________________adj.可再使用的，可重复使用的
13．________________adj.焦虑的，不安的
14．________________n．筷子
15．________________n．委员会；理事会
innovative
refillable
aware
collection
reusable
anxious
chopsticks
council
¤重点词块
1．(用车)接送________________
2．确保________________
3．结束；死亡________________
4．同意________________
5．以便________________
6．废除；去掉________________
7．扑灭________________
pick up
make sure
end up
agree with
so that
do away with
put out
8．对……有影响___________________
9．致力于__________________
10．有助于；带来；促成________________
have an impact on
be committed to
contribute to
¤重点句式
1．(P109) Supermarkets want to ________ ________ ________ coconuts reach the consumer in the best condition.
超市想要确保消费者买到最好的椰子。
【答案】make sure that
2．(P110)…the packaging should be changed ________ ________ it’s recyclable.
……应该改变包装，使其可回收利用。
【答案】so that
课堂新知讲练
1．set out动身，出发
(P109) In the week when the government sets out its new environmental programme, Kevin McCabe and Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste.
【翻译】在政府公布其新环境计划的这一周，凯文·麦凯布和艾丽西亚·斯图尔特讨论了食品包装浪费的问题。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
set out＝set off出发，动身
set out for some place (＝set off for some place) 动身去某处
In order that we could get there on time, we should set out early.
为了能按时到那里，我们应该早出发。
After dinner, I decided to set out/off for the supermarket to buy some chocolate.
晚饭以后，我决定到超市买点巧克力。
set out (怀着目标) 开始工作，展开任务
set out to do sth.(＝set about doing sth.) 开始做某事
On arriving at the village, the professor set out to study/set about studying the customs of the natives.
一到这个村庄，教授就着手研究当地居民的风俗习惯。
set out阐明，(有条理地)陈述
The teacher asked us to set out our points in a logical order and I did well.
老师要求我们有条理地陈述观点，我表现得不错。
set off出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引发
set up设立，建起；创建
set foot in/on进入，访问，参观(某地)
set down(＝put down) 写下，记下
set aside把……放到一旁；省出，留出(时间或金钱)
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)That’s why Elian set out ________(discover) how much caffeine causes high blood pressure.
(2)I got out of bed early and set ________ on time but then the bus got stuck in traffic.
【答案】(1)to discover (2)out/off
(3)But suppose there had been a new shop set ________ in the town, and when you looked in at the open door you saw a man at work painting a picture.
(4)Because of the way our brain organizes and processes linguistic and nonlinguistic information, a single word can set ________ a domino effect (多米诺效应) that cascades (像洪水般倾泻) throughout the cognitive system.
【答案】(3)up (4)off
(5)She gave me an extra binder that she had and she got out a piece of paper, and set about ________(write) my name “Zoe” in a cool font(字体).
【答案】writing
用set的相关短语填空
(6)From mastering music to beating physical challenges, Darrius Simmons ________ to inspire the world.
(7)Finally, after a long walk, we reached the campsite and ________ the camp as the sun was setting.
(8)Be open to making new friends as soon as you ________ on campus.
【答案】(6)sets/set out (7)set up (8)set foot
(9)You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
(10)We ________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
【答案】(9)set aside (10)set out
2．pick up拿起，拾起
(P109) When I picked them up, I was amazed that each coconut was wrapped in clear, thin plastic.
【翻译】当我把它们拿起来的时候，我惊讶地发现每个椰子都用透明的薄塑料包裹着。
【语言提升】
(1)pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来
He just picked himself up and went on running.
他爬起来继续跑。
(2)pick up捡起，拾起，拿起
The boy picked up the hat for the old man.
那个男孩替老人拾起了帽子。
(3)pick up (碰巧或廉价地)买到；(偶然)得到，听到，学会
She picked up a valuable first edition at a village book sale.
她在乡村图书展销会上买到一本珍贵的首版书。
She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。
(4)pick up搭载；(开车)接人；接收(信号、声音、图像等)；取回，收集；接电话；使(精神等)恢复；改善，好转
The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.
公共汽车在机场外接送乘客。
We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.
我们第二天早上开车去机场接苏珊。
We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.
我们接收到那架发生故障的飞机发出的无线电求救信号。
I picked up my coat from the cleaner’s.
我从干洗店取回了外衣。
The phone rang and rang but nobody picked up.
电话铃响了又响，但没人接。
He picked himself up soon after his failure in business.
经商失败以后，他很快就振作了起来。
Trade usually picks up in the spring.
贸易一般在春天回升。
【针对练习】
写出下面句子中pick up的含义
(1)Picking_up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. ________
(2)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick_up calls from numbers they don’t know.________
【答案】(1)获得 (2)接听(电话)
(3)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by email, so you can pick it up. ________
(4)Visitors can pick_up one of 1,000 free books to read while enjoying the fresh air and sunshine from the Book Garden’s rooftop park.________
【答案】(3)收取 (4)拿起
(5)We had to pick_up all the rubbish that we could find on the seaside.________
(6)It’s picking me up at the office at six and will bring me home after the meeting.________
【答案】(5)捡起 (6)(用车)接送
3．aware adj.意识到的，明白的
Paraphrase: knowing about a situation or a fact
(P110) Two friends, Lisa and Amy are discussing how to become more environmentally aware.
【翻译】丽莎和艾米两个朋友正在讨论如何增强环保意识。
【语言提升】
aware adj.察觉到的，注意到的；知道的，意识到的
be/feel/become aware of sth.注意到/意识到某事物
be/feel/become aware that… 注意到/意识到……
as far as I’m aware (＝as far as I know) 据我所知
make sb.aware of… 使某人注意到/意识到……
It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault.
直到她的朋友被深深伤害了，凯丽才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。
We should be aware that a lot of animals are endangered.
我们应该知道许多动物处于濒危状态。
As far as I am aware, he doesn’t know the truth.
据我所知，他不知道真相。
【词汇拓展】
unaware adj.不知道，未意识到，未察觉
be unaware of… 不知道……，没意识到……
awareness n．[U]意识，知道
raise/promote (one’s) awareness of…
提升(某人)在……方面的意识
develop an awareness of… 逐渐懂得
a lack of awareness 缺乏认识
【语境助记】
In order to raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment, we must make people aware of the importance of it first.
为了增强人们的环保意识，我们必须首先让人们意识到它的重要性。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public ________(aware) about environmental protection.
(2)The train sped safely and swiftly on its way, and no one aboard was even aware ________ the tiny broken body, thrown mercilessly into the river by the onrushing train.
【答案】(1)awareness (2)of
(3)Sometimes there are skeletons in the cupboard that you and your branch of the family are ________(aware) of, but which are still fresh in the minds of your more distant relatives.
【答案】unaware
完成句子
(4)As soon as I saw a large crowd at the street corner, I ________(意识到) something unusual happened.
【答案】was/became aware that
(5)________(据我所知), no proper investigation has ever been carried out into the subject.
【答案】As far as I’m aware/As far as I know
(6)If humans have no ____________(保护的意识), natural resources will run out soon.
【答案】awareness of protection
4．collection n．收集；收藏品；专辑
Paraphrase: a group of similar things that you have deliberately acquired
(P110) It’s rubbish collection day tomorrow.
【翻译】明天是垃圾收集日。
【语言提升】
collection n．[C]收藏品；[U]收集，采集
have a collection of… 收集……；收藏……
He has a good collection of ancient coins.
他收藏了相当多的古代硬币。
The collection of these stamps took him ten years.
收集这些邮票花了他十年时间。
【词汇拓展】
collect vt.收集；收藏
collector n．[C]收藏家；收集者
collective adj.集体的；共同的；总体的
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and ________(collect) money for end-of-season gifts.
(2)It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this ________(collect), for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.
【答案】(1)collects (2)collection
(3)Many people have the hobby of ________(collect) things, e．g. stamps, postcards or antiques.
(4)We all bear ________ (collect) responsibility for this decision.
【答案】(3)collecting (4)collective
5．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的
Paraphrase: sb.is nervous or worried about sth.
(P110) I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment.
【翻译】一想到我们对环境造成的影响，我就会感到焦虑。
【语言提升】
be anxious for sb./about sth.(＝be worried about…)为……担心/担忧
be anxious for… (＝be eager for…) 渴望……
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事
Parents are naturally anxious for their children.
父母自然会为儿女担心。
She is anxious to go to college, but is also anxious about not being able to pass the College Entrance Examination.
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过高考。
【归纳拓展】
anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
anxiety n．担心；忧虑； 渴望
with anxiety焦虑地
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She was anxious ________(know) what had happened.
(2)When they are facing many uncertainties, it is natural for parents to feel anxious ________ their children’s academic performance.
【答案】(1)to know (2)about
(3)The only person I could think of was Mort. Without hesitation I headed for the store, knocked at the door and waited ________(anxious).
(4)If you’re worried about your study, share your ________(anxious) with your teacher.
【答案】(3)anxiously (4)anxiety
6．end up结束
(P110) Our oceans are full of plastic waste, and animals and birds end up swallowing the plastic and dying as a result.
【翻译】我们的海洋充满了塑料垃圾，最终动物和鸟类吞下了塑料并因此而死亡。
【语言提升】
end up最终成为……， 最后处于……
end up doing sth.以……结束
end up＋adj.以某种状态结束
end up with… 以……结束(侧重以某种方式结束)
end up in… 以……(状况)告终(侧重以某种结果结束)
end up as… 最终成了……(侧重以某种身份结束)
While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering nothing.
学习时，应该把注意力集中在真正重要的方面，否则你最终将什么也记不住。
According to the report, each year almost half of the professional athletes retiring from the competition end up jobless.
据报道，每年从比赛中退役的专业运动员几乎一半最后失业。
The speech started with an amusing story and ended up with a poem.
演讲以一个有趣的故事开头，以一首诗结束。
Their long struggle ended up in failure.
他们长时间的斗争以失败告终。
He ended up as a top executive of the company.
他最终成为这家公司的一名高层主管。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up ________(get) a fulltime job with the company.
(2)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ended up ________ a manager.
【答案】(1)getting (2)as
(3)The meeting began at 7 o’clock, and ended up ________ a speech by Mrs Black.
(4)Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up ________(become) an invaluable member of the team.
【答案】(3)with (4)becoming
完成句子
(5)Just as she puts it, be thankful for what you have and you’ll ______________________________.
正如她所说的那样，对你所拥有的心存感激，这样你最终会拥有更多。
【答案】end up having more
(6)If you go on like this, you’ll ________________.
如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。
【答案】end up in prison
7．put out扑灭；倒干净
(P110)I’ll put out our bins.
【翻译】我要把垃圾桶倒干净。
【语言提升】
put out倒干净；腾空；扑灭；伸出；出版
The police have already put out the fire.
警察们已经把火扑灭了。
Please put out your hand.
请伸出你的手。
This magazine is put out every Friday.
这份杂志每星期五出版。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put ________ a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
(2)The air was full of horrible smells for hours after the fire was put ________ in the afternoon.
【答案】(1)out (2)out
(3)We had planned to hold the sports meet tomorrow. Now it seems that we have to put it ________.
(4)Hi, guys, put ________ your toys and come to have dinner.
(5)The line is busy, so I can’t put ________.
(6)I really can’t put up ________ so much noise.
(7)The manager didn’t agree to the idea which was put ________ by the old worker.
(8)They put ________ the lights on the Christmas tree.
【答案】(3)off (4)away (5)through (6)with (7)forward (8)up
◇句式解读
1．(P109) Supermarkets want to make sure that coconuts reach the consumer in the best condition.
【翻译】超市想要确保消费者买到最好的椰子。
【句式剖析】
make sure意为“确信、确定”，其后接that引导的宾语从句，在句中作make sure的宾语。
【句式提升】
(1)make sure (that)从句 确保……；核实/弄清……
(2)make sure of 查明，弄清楚；确保，设法保证
I think that I have turned off the light, but I will go and make sure.
我想我已经把灯关了，但我会去确认一下。
They scored another goal and made sure of victory.
他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.
在我成长的这些岁月里，爸爸对我很严格。他确保我铺了床，做了家庭作业。
Please make sure that the door is locked before you leave.
请确保在你离开之前门是锁着的。
【针对练习】
选择填空：make sure/make sure of
(1)To ________ you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside.
(2)You’ll have to ________ your own safety when you are volunteering in that area.
【答案】(1)make sure (2)make sure of
翻译句子
(3)在国外，你要确保一直带着你的护照。
【答案】Make sure (that) you have your passport with you all the time in a foreign country.
(4)我建议早点去音乐会，以确保有个好座位。
【答案】I suggest going to the concert early to make sure of a good seat.
2．(P110)…the packaging should be changed so that it’s recyclable.
【翻译】……应该改变包装，使其可回收利用。
【句式剖析】
本句中的so that意为“以便，为了”，在句中引导一个表示目的的状语从句。
【句式提升】
在使用so that引导目的状语从句的时候，我们应注意如下几点：
(1)so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便，为了”。此时，从句谓语常含有should, would, could, might, can等情态动词。其同义短语in order that也引导目的状语从句，但 so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
I’ll give you all the facts so that/in order that you can judge by yourself.
我会给你所有事实，以便你自己能进行判断。
Bring it closer so that, in order that I can see it more clearly.
拿近一些，好让我看得更清楚。
In order that she could catch the first bus, she got up very early.
为了能够赶上第一班公共汽车，她起得很早。
(2)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或“in order to/so as to”结构。注意：so as to不能放在句首，而in order to可放在句首。
为了实现我们的理想， 我们必须努力学习。
We must study hard so that/in order that we could realize our dreams.
＝In order that we could realize our dreams, we must study hard.
＝We must study hard so as to/in order to/to realize our dreams.
＝In order to/To realize our dreams, we must study hard.
【归纳拓展】so that除了引导目的状语从句外，还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，此时从句中通常没有情态动词。
He injured his foot so that he was unable to play in the match.
他的脚受伤了，因此无法参加比赛。
【针对练习】
判断下列句子中so that引导的从句类型
(1)I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.________
(2)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.________
(3)The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to be put off until the next month.________
【答案】(1)目的状语从句 (2)目的状语从句 (3)结果状语从句
一句多译
为了避开交通堵塞，他早早就离开了。
(4)He left early ________________ he could avoid the traffic jam.
【答案】so that/in order that
(5)________________ he could avoid the traffic jam, he left early.
【答案】In order that
(6)He left early ____________ avoid the traffic jam.
【答案】in order to/so as to/to
(7)____________ avoid the traffic jam，he left early.
【答案】In order to/To
随堂知能小练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Please give me a ________(盒) of cigarette please.
2．Many people find plastic and iron ________(包装) too wasteful.
3．As a ________(消费者) in your hotel, I have to point out the weaknesses in your service.
【答案】1.packet 2.packaging 3.consumer
4．I’ll take these two skirts. Please ________(包裹) it up for me.
5．With time going by, the ________(交通) is getting more and more comfortable in our country.
6．These chairs are covered with too much ________(灰尘)．
7．Many people are still not ________(明白) of the possible danger that is on the way.
【答案】4.wrap 5.transportation 6.dirt 7.aware
8．Parents are very ________(焦虑的) about their son’s safety in the camp.
9．Many foreigners are used to using ________(筷子) when they are in China.
10．The ________(理事会) are having a meeting to discuss this project.
【答案】8.anxious 9．chopsticks 10.council
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Mike set about ________(do) his homework the moment he returned home from school.
2．Many teenagers are too ________(waste) when they hanging out with their friends.
3．You should set a ________(realise) target in your study, which should be achievable.
【答案】1.doing 2.wasteful 3.realistic
4．She has gathered a large ________(collect) of stamps in the past thirty years.
5．Cloth bags are ________(use), so they are environmentally friendly.
6．You must make sure ________ you should never spend too much time playing.
7．The old man ended up ________(beg) in the street due to his overspending.
【答案】4.collection 5.reusable 6.that
8．The weather is too cold here and it really doesn’t agree ________ me.
9．The young man commits himself to ________(work) all day long in his lab.
10．His father has made great ________(contribute) to this city in his lifetime.
【答案】7.begging 8.with 9.working 10．contributions
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．The heavy rain ____________________ in our city.
这场大雨导致了我市一场大洪水。
【答案】contributed to heavy floods
2．You should try your best to ______________________ like smoking.
你必须尽力克服像吸烟这样的不良习惯。
【答案】do away with your bad habits
3．All through his life, the old man ________________.
一生中，这位老人忠于职守。
【答案】has been committed to his duty
4．You should take enough physical sports _______________.
你必须多做体育活动，以便保持健康。
【答案】so that you will keep fit/to keep fit
5．Smoking has ________________________________ so far, so his health is much poorer than before.
目前吸烟导致了他糟糕的身体，他的健康比以前差多了。
【答案】contributed to his poor health(共58张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Five Writing Workshop
课前自主预习
¤重点单词
1．________________n．论说文；散文
2．________________adj.不使用化肥的，有机的，绿色的
3．________________vt.包含，需要
4．________________n．机构； 研究院
5．________________n．十亿
6．________________n．反对者；对手，敌手
7．________________adj.残忍的
essay
organic
involve
institute
billion
opponent
cruel
8．________________n．例子，实例
9．________________vt.& n．断言；声称；主张
10．________________n．化学品 adj.化学的
11．________________n．药物，药材； 毒品
12．________________vt.概括，总结 n．金额，款项；总数
instance
claim
chemical
drug
sum
¤重点词块
1．以这种方式________________
2．除了________________
3．根据________________
4．遭受________________
5．另一方面________________
6．例如________________
7．争取，为 ……而战/奋斗________________
in this way
apart from
according to
suffer from
on the other hand
for instance
fight for
8．除了________________
9．概括，总结________________
10．摆脱， 克服________________
11．伤害________________
12．同……隔离________________
in addition to
sum up
get rid of
do harm to
be isolated from
¤重点句式
(P64)It’s not likely for humans ________ rid of roads, power or pipelines now.
现在，人类不太可能摆脱道路、电力或管道。
【答案】to get
课堂新知讲练
1．opponent n．反对者；对手，敌手
Paraphrase: a person who is against you
(P62) On the other hand, opponents of factory farming say that it is cruel to the animals.
【翻译】另一方面，工厂化养殖的反对者说这对动物们很残忍。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
opponent n．反对者；对手，敌手；对抗者
Tom outweighed his opponent by about 60 pounds.
汤姆比他的对手重约60磅。
The worst thing you do is underestimate an opponent.
你做得最糟糕的事就是低估对手。
It took her mere 20 minutes to defeat her opponent.
她仅用了20分钟就击败了对手。
In the final match, his opponent will be stronger and more experienced.
在最后一场比赛中，他的对手会更强，更有经验。
opponent adj.对立的；敌对的
We must watch out for the opponent forces.
我们要提防敌对势力。
Our opponent team did obviously worse in the final match.
我们的对手在最后一场比赛中表现得明显更差。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)________ ________ called her a liar to her face.
她的对手当着她的面叫她骗子。
(2)He was simply too powerful ________ ________ ________.
他对于他的对手来说简直太强大了。
【答案】(1)Her opponent (2)for his opponent
(3)He never gave a chance to his ________ ________.
他从来就没有给对手任何机会。
(4)He considers all the suggestions as __________ __________.
他把所有的建议都看成是敌对的观点。
【答案】(3)opponent side (4)opponent ideas
2．claim vt.声称；断言；主张
n．声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求
Paraphrase: to say that sth. is true, even though there is no definite proof
(P62) People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress.
【翻译】为动物权利而战的人声称这些动物承受着可怕的压力。
【语言提升】
(1)claim vt.声称；断言；主张
It is/was claimed that … 据称……
He claimed that it was all a trick against him.
他声称这一切都是一场针对他的诡计。
I don’t claim to be an expert.
我不敢自称为专家。
(2)n.声称；(根据权利而提出的)要求
make a claim for/on/to… 要求……
There are a large number of patent examiners, whose only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.
有大量的专利测试者，他们主要的工作就是测试你的要求是否有效。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I don’t ____________________________(自称是) an old hand in this field.
【答案】claim to be
(2)Scientists are ____________________________(宣称一个重大的突破) in the fight against cancer.
【答案】claiming a major breakthrough
(3)____________________________(据说) some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
【答案】It was claimed that
(4)Barry was so poor that he decided to ________________________(要求经济上的援助)．
【答案】claimed economic support/made a claim for economic support
(5)She________________________(要求更多的时间) to be with her daughter.
【答案】made a claim for more time
3．sum up 概括，总结
(P62) To sum up, despite producing cheap food, factory farming is bad for the planet and for the animals themselves.
【翻译】总而言之，尽管工厂化养殖能生产出廉价的食物，但它对地球和动物本身都有害。
【语言提升】
to sum up总之，总而言之(常用动词不定式的形式放在句首作状语，修饰全句)
To sum up, students should try their best to learn the lessons well.
总之，学生们应该尽力地把功课学好。
下面这些不定式短语也是习惯放在句首作状语；
to tell (you) the truth 说实话
to make a long story short简而言之
to be frank坦率地说
To be frank, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
坦率地说，很多人把名和利看得很重要。
To be honest, that’s all the money I have.
说实话，那就是我所有的钱。
To tell you the truth, it was one of the worst books I’ve ever read.
说实在的，那是我看过的最差的书之一。
To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些孩子的生活带来任何改变。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)____________________， I’m not interested in it.
实话告诉你，我对此没有兴趣。
【答案】To tell you the truth
(2)________________， you still need to improve your skills.
坦率地说，你还需要提高技能。
【答案】To be frank
(3)________________， I’m not an expert.
实话实说，我不是专家。
【答案】To be honest
◇句式解读
(P64) It’s not likely for humans to get rid of roads, power or pipelines now.
【翻译】现在，人类不太可能摆脱道路、电力或管道。
【句式剖析】
本句中的It是一个形式主语，其真正的主语是后面的不定语复合结构“for humans to get rid of roads, power or pipelines now”。
【句式提升】
It is not likely for sb.对某人来说，是不可能的。
It is likely that… 有可能发生……
Sb.is likely to do sth.某人可能做某事。
Sb.is likely to be… 某人/某物可能会……
It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least 15,000 years ago.
美洲原住民很可能在至少15 000年前就生活在加州了。
Girls are more likely to get into trouble when they are at school.
女孩子在学校里更容易惹麻烦。
Tickets are likely to be expensive.
票可能会很贵。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)________________(可能) the weather will turn out fine tomorrow.
【答案】It is likely that
(2)I’m afraid that our manager ________________________ (可能回来) tomorrow.
【答案】is likely to come back
(3)Your mother ____________________________(可能会生气) when she hears the news.
【答案】is likely to be/get angry
写作高效提升
◎话题短语
1．a heated debate热烈的讨论
2．be in favour of sth.赞成某事
3．be opposed to sth.反对某事
4．hold the belief/idea/view持有某种观点
5．do harm to… 对……有害处
6．there is no denying that… 不可否认……
7．different people have different ideas about…
不同的人对……有不同的看法。
8．share the same point/idea持有相同的观点
◎话题佳句
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．Recently a survey has been carried out on which is more important in…
最近，做了一项关于……更重要的调查。
2．People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards…
人们对……采取了不同的态度。
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
1．Some people hold the view that… 有些人认为……
2．However, others are opposed to it, thinking…of more significance.
然而，另一些人则持反对意见，认为……更重要。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
1．Every coin has two sides. From my point of view, I argue for the former.
事物都有两面性。在我看来，我赞成前者。
2．All things considered, we can see that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
从各方面考虑，我们可以看到利大于弊。
◎写作范例
现在越来越多的女士加入了减肥大军，最近你们班就此事展开了讨论。60%的同学赞成，40%的同学反对。请你写一篇英语短文，短文应包括下表中的内容：
赞成 反对
1.减肥使人身材苗条、漂亮 1.减肥浪费时间、精力和钱
2.正确减肥有利于身体健康 2.吃减肥药会损坏身体健康
3.坚持减肥有助于锻炼人的意志 3.过分看重减肥的人往往缺乏自信
你的看法……(内容由自己拟定) 注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：毅力perseverance
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
1．明确体裁为议论文。
2．文章的时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称和第三人称为主。
3．文章的结构框架为：
第一段：介绍讨论减肥的话题；
第二段：陈述两种对立的观点及理由；
第三段：表达自己的观点及原因。
4．重点词汇
(1)减肥________________
(2)进行，开展 ________________
(3)持有不同的观点________________
(4)在我看来________________
(5)支持________________
【答案】(1)lose weight (2)carry out
(3)hold different opinions (4)as far as I’m concerned
(5)in favor of
(6)在……中起重要的作用________________
(7)采取措施做某事________________
(8)众所周知……________________
【答案】(6)play an important part/role in…
(7)take measures to do sth.
(8)It is known to us that…
5．完成句子
(1)________ ________ ________， more and more ladies are beginning to lose weight in different ways now.
我们知道，现在越来越多的女性开始用不同的方式减肥。
【答案】As we know
(2)Recently, our class has had a ________ ________ ________ it.
最近，为此我们班就此展开了一场激烈的辩论。
【答案】heated debate about
(3)About 60% of the students are ________ ________ ________ it.
大约60%的学生赞成。
【答案】in favour of
(4)They think one can stay slim and look beautiful ________ ________ ________.
他们认为一个人可以通过减肥保持苗条和美丽。
【答案】by losing weight
(5)Taking exercise every day and ________ ________ ________ ________ can help to train a person’s perseverance.
每天锻炼和节食有助于锻炼一个人的毅力。
【答案】going on a diet
(6)They ________ ________ ________ ________ it is a waste of time, energy and money.
他们认为这是浪费时间、精力和金钱。
【答案】hold the view that
(7)Whoever frequently takes weight-loss pills often ________ ________.
频繁地吃药减肥的人往往缺乏自信。
【答案】lacks confidence
(8)将句(2)改为被动句
【答案】Recently, a heated debate about it has been carried out in our class.
(9)用定语从句合并(3)、(4)句
【答案】About 60% of the students are in favour of it, who think one can stay slim and look beautiful by losing weight.
◎写作练笔
在高中毕业填报志愿的时候，我们要选择自己的专业。是按照自己的兴趣，还是依据就业前景(prospect)呢？哪个方面更重要呢？某英文报社对此在你们班进行了调查。以下是你所在班级同学的观点。
请你给该报写一篇小短文，反映同学们的观点并表达你的看法。
支持兴趣的理由 支持就业前景的理由 你的看法
1.大学会过得快乐 2．热爱未来的工作 1.就业压力大 2．选择一份好工作很重要 ？
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
As we know, more and more ladies are beginning to lose weight in different ways now. Recently, a heated debate about it has been carried out in our class.
About 60% of the students are in favour of it, who think one can stay slim and look beautiful by losing weight. If one does this in a proper way, it can stop one from getting fat and can keep one healthy. Besides, taking exercise every day and going on a diet can help to train a person’s perseverance. However, the others have different ideas. They hold the view that it is a waste of time, energy and money. Some often try to lose weight by taking weight-loss pills. As a result, their health gets damaged badly. What’s worse, whoever frequently takes weight-loss pills often lacks confidence.
In my opinion, if one is too fat and often falls ill, he or she should try to lose weight with the help of a doctor.
写作练笔
One possible version：
Recently a survey has been carried out on which is more important in choosing a major in college: interest or job prospect.
Some students prefer interest and they hold the view that choosing a major they like will ensure them a happy college life and give them more motivation to study. Therefore, they will have the opportunity to get a job satisfying their interest. However, others are opposed to it, thinking job prospect of more significance. They think college graduates are under great pressure in finding a job, so job prospect should be taken into consideration. After all, getting a good job is very important for graduates.
Every coin has two sides. From my point of view, it’s up to you to decide which is more important. Once you make the decision, try to stick to it and you will surely have a bright future.(共38张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
Period Six Viewing Workshop－Check Your Progress
课前自主预习
¤重点单词
1．________________n．委员会
2．________________n．庙宇，寺院
3．________________n．纪念馆； 纪念碑adj.(对逝者)纪念的，追悼的
4．________________vt.雕，刻
5．________________n．谷，山谷
6．________________adj.景色优美的
committee
temple
memorial
carve
valley
scenic
7．________________adj.古老的； 历史上重要的
8．________________n．雷暴
9．________________n．台风
10．________________adj.农业的
historic
thunderstorm
typhoon
agricultural
¤重点词块
1．某人的纪念馆________________
2．某人的家园________________
3．更糟糕的是________________
4．以很大的规模______________________
5．导致________________
6．发动；取决于；打开________________
7．以……的速度/比例________________
a memorial to sb.
home to sb.
worse to come
on a grand/large scale
result in
turn on
at the rate of…
8．在……之上；加上________________
9．结果________________
10．在……中起作用________________
11．大量的________________
12．位于________________
on top of sth.
as a result
play a part in…
a number of
be located in
¤重点句式
(P66)Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, ________ more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America.
各地的暴风雨也越来越严重，更多飓风将袭击美国和中美洲。
【答案】with
课堂新知讲练
memorial n．纪念碑；纪念馆
adj.(对逝者)纪念的；追悼的
Paraphrase: a structure built in order to remind people of a famous person or event
(P65) This site is located in Qufu, Shandong Province, and is a memorial to Confucius.
【翻译】这个遗址位于山东曲阜，是孔子的纪念馆。
◇词汇拓讲
【语言提升】
(1)memorial n．纪念碑；纪念物；纪念品；纪念馆
war memorial阵亡将士纪念碑
a memorial to victims of the Holocaust
大屠杀遇难者的纪念碑
The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman.
这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。
(2)memorial adj.(对逝者)纪念的；悼念的
a memorial statue/plaque/prize纪念像/牌/奖
The memorial service will be held at a local church.
悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。
【词汇拓展】
memory n. 记忆，记忆力
memorize vt.记下，记住
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We paid a visit to the Memorial ________ Chairman Mao last week.
(2)They went to the war ________(memory) in memory of those who died in the war.
【答案】(1)to (2)memorial
(3)All the guests will receive a ________(memory) prize on their arrival to the party.
(4)The boy has such a good ________(memorial) that he can memorize things easily.
【答案】(3)memorial (4)memory
◇句式解读
(P66) Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America.
【翻译】各地的暴风雨也越来越严重，更多飓风将袭击美国和中美洲。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“with more hurricanes hitting the US and Central America”是“介词with＋名词＋现在分词”的介宾复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。
【句式提升】
由介词with引导的介宾复合结构有多种形式。请注意掌握如下几类：
(1)“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”中的现在分词表示的动作是前面的名词或代词发出的，而且通常表示这个动作正在进行。
He fell asleep at the desk with his radio still working beside him.
With the temperature rising so fast, all the ice in the polar areas will soon melt.
(2)“with＋名词/代词＋动词不定式”中的动词不定式表示这个动作是前面的名词或代词发出的动作，但通常不定式表示这个动作还没有发生。
With a lot of work to do, he was not allowed to go out.
With a lot of things to buy, she had to ask her husband to go to the supermarket with her.
(3)“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”中的过去分词表示该名词/代词是这个过去分词所表动作的承受者。
A young man was brought in with his hands tied behind.
With his key locked in the house, she had to wait for her husband at the door.
(4)“with＋名词/代词＋介词短语”在句中常用作伴随状语或方式状语。
The teacher came into the classroom with some books in his hand.
The soldiers marched to the front, with guns on their shoulders.
(5)“with＋名词/代词＋副词”中的副词主要是由介词转化而来的副词，如on, in, over, out, up, down, off, away等。
He fell asleep with the light still on in his room.
He had to go to bed with the last TV play over.
(6)“with＋名词/代词＋形容词”中的形容词表示前面名词或代词所处的状态。
The little boy came back with his hands red with cold.
In hot summer days many people will sleep with the window open.
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)With his foot ________(bite) by the snake, the old man beat it to death.
(2)With the woman ________(lead) the way, we had no trouble finding Smith’s house.
(3)With so much homework ________(do), the boy stayed up late into the night.
【答案】(1)bitten (2)leading (3)to do
(4)You’d better sleep with the window ________(open) so as to let in fresh air.
(5)A middle-aged woman came into the doctor’s office ________ a baby in her arms.
(6)With the light ________， we couldn’t see anything in the dark room.
【答案】(4)open (5)with (6)off/out
完成句子
(7)Don’t speak ________________________.
不要含着满嘴食物说话。
【答案】with your mouth full
(8)He stood before his teacher __________________.
他低着头站在老师面前。
【答案】with his head down
(9)She said good?bye ________________________.
她含着眼泪说了声再见。
【答案】with tears in her eyes
(10)I won’t be able to go on holiday ___________________.
因为妈妈有病， 我无法去度假。
【答案】with my mother being ill
(11)All the afternoon he worked _______________________.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
【答案】with the door locked
(12)I can’t go out ____________________________.
因为要洗这些衣服， 我无法出去了。
【答案】with all these clothes to wash
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1．The ________(委员会) are holding a meeting to discuss this problem.
2．There is an old ________(寺庙) on the top of the mountain.
3．In the park there is a ________(纪念碑) to the soldiers killed in the Liberation War.
【答案】1.committee 2.temple 3.memorial
4．Excellent statues can be ________(雕刻) out of the stone materials.
5．This is the only entrance to the ________(山谷)．
6．The __________ (景色优美的) spot is a wonderful place for taking pictures.
7．The industrial revolution is a very important ________ (历史上的) event.
【答案】4．carved 5.valley 6.scenic
8．Many crops were ruined in the violent __________ (暴风雨) last week.
9．A powerful __________ (台风) will hit our city in the coming 20 hours.
10．With __________ (农业的) development, more food can be produced to meet our need.
【答案】7.historic 8．thunderstorm 9.typhoon
10.agricultural
二、单句语法填空
1．With ________(agriculture) progress, we can provide enough food for the people.
2．Our city is considered to be one of the most famous ________(history) cities in China.
3．Only by practising more can you ________(memory) what you learn in class.
【答案】1.agricultural 2.historic 3.memorize
4．This mountain is home ________ lots of wild animals and plants.
5．Many ________(environment) disasters have taken place over the last few decades.
6．He just stood there with his left arm ________(raise)．
7．Li Ming returned home ________ his hands red with cold.
【答案】4．to 5.environmental 6.raised 7.with
8．The accident took place all of a sudden, ________(kill) three people on the spot.
9．It is claimed ________ they have taken control of the situation.
10．Housing prices have dropped ________ 5% in our city in the last six months.
【答案】8.killing 9．that 10.by
三、完成句子
1．My hometown ________ ________ ________ the foot of a small hill.
我的家乡位于一个小山脚下。
【答案】is located at
2．________ much work ________ ________， I won’t be free this evening.
因为还有许多的事情要做，今晚我没空。
【答案】With; to do
3．He can’t speak ________ so much food ________ his mouth.
他的嘴巴里面有很多的东西，所以他不能说话。
【答案】with; in
4．Science and technology ________ ________ more and more ________ ________ in our life.
科技在我们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
【答案】plays a; important role/part
5．His careless ________ ________ the great fire.
他的粗心大意导致了这场大火。
【答案】resulted in/contributed to/led to(共35张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 1.________adj.塑料制的
2.________n.采矿业
3.________n.一项，一条
4.________v.再利用，回收利用
5.___________adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
6.________adj.大量的
plastic
mining
item
recycle
informative
mass
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 7.________adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
8.________v.(使)孵化
9.________vt.(使)恢复
10.__________n.包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料
11.________vt.包，裹
12.______________n.交通运输系统，运输方式
varied
hatch
restore
packaging
wrap
transportation
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 13.________n.灰尘，尘土
14._________adj.现实的，实际的
15.___________adj.新颖的，创新的，革新的
16.___________n.筷子
17._________n.委员会；理事会
dirt
realistic
innovative
chopsticks
council
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 1.________n.威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
2.________v.& vt.转换，改变
3.________adv.非法地，违法地
4.________vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀
5.________adj.灭绝的，绝种的
threat
switch
illegally
hunt
extinct
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 6.________adj.急迫的
7.________n.物种
8.__________vi.& vt.减少；减少的量
9.________vt.责怪，指责
10.________vt.影响
urgent
species
decrease
blame
affect
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 11.________adj.太阳光(能)的
12.________adj.卡住的，无法移动的
13.________n.拥挤，堵塞；果酱
14.________n.十年，十年期
15.________n.气体
16.________n.癌症
solar
stuck
jam
decade
gas
cancer
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 17.________vt.适合 n.套装
18.________n.论说文；散文
19.________adj.有机的，绿色的，不使用化肥的
20.________vt.包含，需要
21.________n.机构；研究院
22.________n.十亿
suit
essay
organic
involve
institute
billion
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 23._________n.反对者；对手，敌手
24.________n.例子，实例
25.________vt.声称；断言；主张 n.声称；要求
26.________n.药材；毒品
27.________vt.概括，总结
28.___________n.委会员
opponent
instance
claim
drug
sum
committee
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 29.________n.寺院
30.________vt.雕，刻
31.________n.山谷
32.________adj.景色优美的
33.________adj.古老的；历史上重要的
34._____________n.雷暴
35.___________n.台风
temple
carve
valley
scenic
historic
thunderstorm
typhoon
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 1. ______________n.保护→______________vt.保护
2.______________vt.破坏；毁掉→______________n.破坏
3.______________adj.不可回收的→______________adj.可回收的→______________vt.回收
conserve
conservation
destroy
destruction
unrecyclable
recyclable
recycle
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 4._____________adj.农业的→_____________n.农业
5.______________adv.极端地；非常地→_____________adj.极大的；极好的；难以置信的
6.______________adj.异常的→______________adj.通常的→______________adv.通常地
agricultural
agriculture
incredibly
incredible
unusual
usual
usually
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 7.______________n.纪念馆 →______________vt.记住→______________n.记忆力
8.______________adj.濒危的→______________n.危险→______________vt.使有危险
9.______________adj.可再填充的→_____________vt.填充→_____________vt.再填充
memorial
memorize
memory
endangered
danger
endanger
refillable
fill
refill
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 10.______________adj.意识到的；明白的→______________adj.没有意识到的→______________n.意识
11.______________n.收集；收藏品；专辑→_____________vt.收集→______________n.收集者
aware
unaware
awareness
collection
collect
collector
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 12.______________adj.可重复使用的→______________vt.使用→______________vt.再使用→______________n.用户
13.______________n.化学品→______________adj.化学的→______________n.化学→______________n.化学家
reusable
use
reuse
users
chemical
chemical
chemistry
chemist
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 14.______________n.消费者→______________vt.消费→______________n.消费
15.______________adj.浪费的；挥霍的→______________vt.浪费
consumer
consume
consumption
wasteful
waste
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 16.______________adj.烦恼的；生气的→______________vt.使烦恼→______________adj.令人烦恼的→______________n.烦恼
17.______________n.愤怒→______________adj.愤怒的→______________adv.愤怒地
annoyed
annoy
annoying
annoyance
anger
angry
angrily
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 18._____________vi.有关联→_____________n.关系→_____________n.亲戚→_____________adj.有关的
19.______________adj.定期的；有规律的→______________adv.定期地；有规律地
20.______________adj.残忍的→______________n.残忍→______________adv.残忍地
relate
relation
relative
related
regular
regularly
cruel
cruelty
cruelly
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 1.转变，转换________________
2.尽快地___________________
3.……的数量_______________________
4.减少________________
5.在……中扮演角色；起作用___________________
6.尽自己的职责________________
switch to
as soon as possible
the amount/number of…
cut down
play a role/part in…
do one’s part…
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 7.对……有害处________________
8.at the rate of… ____________________
9.be based on… ________________
10.lay eggs________________
11.be at high risk______________________
12.wipe out________________
be bad for…
以……的速度/比例
基于……
产卵； 下蛋
高危； 处境非常危险
彻底毁灭
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 13.die from________________
14.up to… ________________
15.in short________________
16.according to________________
17.take steps________________
18.(用车)接送________________
死于
高达……
简而言之
根据
采取措施
pick up
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 19.确保________________
20.最终________________
21.同意________________
22.以便________________
23.废除；结束；去掉________________
24.扑灭；出版________________
make sure
end up
agree with
so that
do away with
put out
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 25.对……有影响____________________
26.致力于________________
27.导致；有助于________________
28.被困在……________________
29.与……相比________________
30.与……有关________________
have an impact on…
be committed to
contribute to
get stuck in…
be compared to
be related to…
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 31.放弃________________
32.上升________________
33.找借口________________
34.采取行动________________
35.沉溺于________________
36.除了_________________________
give up
go up
make an excuse
take action
be addicted to
apart from/in addition to
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 37.根据________________
38.遭受________________
39.另一方面____________________
40.例如________________
41.争取； 好……而战________________
42.总之________________
according to
suffer from
on the other hand
for instance
fight for
to sum up
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 43.摆脱， 克服________________
44.伤害________________
45.以很大的规模_____________________
46.导致________________
47.向某人攻击；打开________________
get rid of
do harm to
on a grand/large scale
result in
turn on
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 48.以……的速度/比例________________
49.在……之上； 加上________________
50.作为一个结果； 结果________________
51.在……中起作用____________________
52.位于________________
at the rate of…
on top of sth.
as a result
play a part/role in…
be located in
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1.It was by Professor Linda Wei, the environmental expert, ________ ________？
那是环境专家琳达·魏教授写的，不是吗？
2．…there will be no rhinos ________ in the world in 20 years.
……20年后，世界上将没有犀牛。
wasn’t
it
left
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 3．In the last 500 million years, ________ ________ ________ five times when life on Earth has almost ended.
在过去的5亿年里，曾经有5次地球上的生命几乎灭绝了。
there
have
been
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 4．________ ________ ________ ________ human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物都产生了负面影响。
It
is
clear
that
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 5．Without forest, we ________ ________ no air to breathe.
没有森林，我们就没有呼吸的空气。
6．Supermarkets want to ________ ________ ________ coconuts reach the consumer in the best condition.
超市想要确保消费者买到最好的椰子。
would
have
make
sure
that
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 7．…the packaging should be changed ________ ________ it’s recyclable.
……应该改变包装，使其可回收利用。
8. How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, ________ ________ ________？
我们过多久就会有一次带着压力、疲惫和愤怒的心情去上班或上学？
so
that
tired
and
angry
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 9．Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, ________ the same number will need at least 18 cars.
一辆公共汽车可以容纳多达90人，而同样数量的人至少需要18辆小汽车。
while
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1．The person ________ comes first will get a gift.
第一个来的人会得到一份礼物。
2．Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free.
许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
who
which
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 3．Don’t get close to the house ________ roof is under repair.
别靠近那栋屋顶在维修的房子。
whose (共16张PPT)
UNIT 3 CONSERVATION
美 文 导 入
素养解读：《普通高中英语课程标准》要求对学生进行文化素质的培养。文化素质的培养主要是指通过英语教学使学生扩大视野，认识地球和我们所生活的环境，弄清地球的自然资源，把握能源革命的最新发展。通过对本单元课文的学习，同学们要学会在日常生活和学习过程中，注意节约能源，自觉地保护环境，养成良好的环保意识。
主题：生物能源
学科素养：人与自然
难度系数：★★★
Seaweed as Future Source of Fuel and Food
Seaweed has many benefits; it may replace plastic as a future source of fuel and food. Seaweed is classified as algae. It is fast growing, uses energy from the sun, and consumes carbon dioxide and nutrients from seawater. Scientists are suggesting that seaweed may be able to help mitigate(减少；缓解) carbon emissions and climate change.
A seaweed cultivation rig is fixed to the seafloor. It has ropes that are latticed(制成网格的) and have lengths of 50,000 meters or 164,000 feet. The strings are designed so that they can withstand large and rough waves. According to seaweed producer and Ocean Rainforest managing director Mr Gregarsen, the rig’s main structure goes down 10 meters to avoid large breaking waves.
They have cultivation areas in the North Atlantic in Denmark’s territory(领土，领域). According to Mr Gregarsen, the site is rich in nutrients and has deep waters. Also, its temperature ranges from 6 to 11℃.All of these factors make the area ideal for seaweed growth. This year, they will be getting in about 200 tons.
Gregersen’s group is one of many seaweed farms set up in North America and Europe due to increasing demand from various industries, including the food sector. It is gaining demand because it can be used as feed and food, and it can also replace fossil fuel-based plastic packaging products.
Ocean Rainforest has recently been funded by the US Department of Energy to copy its Danish system and build a similar California one. California wants to start industrialized production for use as biofuels(生物燃料). Gregersen’s company is planning on doubling production this year. They are planning to mechanize their production and make their operation large-scale and more efficient. Gregersen says only a few companies can make seaweed a profitable venture.
Dried seaweed is used in the manufacture of food, while fermented seaweed is used as animal feed. Seaweed extract has many benefits, such as cosmetics, toothpaste, pet food, and medicines. These products have seaweed-derived hydrocolloids(水状胶质；水状胶体) made in many ways. More producters may find seaweed useful. Many firms currently work on making alternatives to plastic and textiles. Soon, seaweed may be used as water capsules, drinking straws, and biodegradable packaging.
○课标词汇
1．replace /r ple s/ vt.取代；代替
2．classify / kl s fa / vt.分类
3．cultivation / k lt ve n/ n．培养；培育
4．withstand /w st nd/ v．承受；抵挡
5．structure / str kt / n．结构；构造
6．demand /d mɑ nd/ n．&vt.要求；需求
7．fund /f nd/ vt.资助；n.资金
8．manufacture / m nju f kt (r)/ n．制造
1．be classified as… 被归类成……
2．range from…to… 从……到……排列
3．be funded by… 被……资助
○重要短语
Scientists are suggesting that seaweed may be able to help mitigate carbon emissions and climate change.
分析：句中的动词suggesting在此处意为“认为”，不表示“建议”，所以其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用的是陈述语气，而没有使用“should＋动词原形”结构。
译文：科学家表示，海藻可能有助于减少碳排放和气候变化。
○句型精析
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
听、读、说有关环境保护话题的语言材料；
掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语和句式；
学会使用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句；
学会在口头语中如何表达建议或接受建议；
学会写作表达对立观点的议论文；
观看短视频，发表自己的观点，对相关内容发表自己的看法。
【素养提升】
认识世界范围内的资源及能源现状，形成危机意识；
了解世界的环境现状，培养良好的环保意识；
学会用英语就环保话题发表自己的观点和看法。
