专题05.阅读理解说明文及议论文（通用）（解析版）-2023届全国各地名校最新高考英语试题精选速递（第一期）

2023届全国各地名校高三最新英语试题精选速递
1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】
2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】
4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】
5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】
6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】
7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】
8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】
9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】
10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】
11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】
12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】
13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】
14. 【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】
15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】
1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】
C
Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of inspiring creativity.
This new method, based on narrative (叙述的) theory, helps people be creative in the way children and artists are by making up stories that imagine alternative worlds, change perspective and generate unexpected actions.
“The narrative method works by recognizing that we’re all creative,” said Angus Fletcher, who developed the method and is a professor of English and a member of the Ohio State University’s Project Narrative. “We as a society completely undervalue the creativity of kids and many others because we are addicted to the idea that some people are more creative than others.”
The narrative method of training for creativity uses many of the techniques that writers use to create stories. One is to develop new worlds in your mind. For example, employees at a company might be asked to imagine a world in which all their customers are like that. Another technique is perspective-changing. An employer might be asked to answer a problem by thinking like another member of their team.
“Creativity isn’t about guessing the future correctly. It’s about making yourself open to imagining completely different possibilities,” Fletcher said. “When you do that, you can respond more quickly and flexibly to the changes that do occur.”
Fletcher and his team are also continuing to work with new organizations, such as the Worthington Local School District in Ohio.
“It’s better to hire a diverse group of people and then train them to be creative. That creates a culture which recognizes that there are already creative people in your organization you aren’t taking advantage of,” he said. “This new method of training creativity could only have come from Ohio State University’s Project Narrative, which is itself proof of the power of creativity.”
8. What may make the narrative method workable according to Fletcher
A. Creating alternative stories. B. Changing new perspective.
C. Generating unexpected tasks. D. Being aware of our creativity.
9. How does the author develop paragraph 4
A. By using examples. B. By making comparison.
C. By answering questions. D. By quoting techniques.
10. What result is expected of training creativity
A. To develop a culture gradually. B. To react to changes quickly.
C. To create possibilities freely. D. To predict the future correctly.
11. What is the most suitable title for the text
A. Ways Can Be Adopted to Inspire Creativity
B. The Power of Creativity Has Been Found
C. Anyone Can Be Trained to Be Creative
D. A Way Is Found to Recognize Creative People
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍研究人员开发出的一种新的培养人们创造力的方法——基于叙事理论的方法，来告诉我们人们是可以通过训练来培养创造力的。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““The narrative method works by recognizing that we’re all creative, ” said Angus Fletcher, …”(Angus Fletcher说：“这种叙述方法有效通过认识到我们都是有创造力的起作用。”)可知，只有认识到我们都是有创造力的，这种叙述方法才有效果。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The narrative method of training for creativity uses many of the techniques that writers use to create stories. One is to develop new worlds in your mind. For example, employees at a company might be asked to imagine a world in which all their customers are like that. Another technique is perspective-changing. An employer might be asked to answer a problem by thinking like another member of their team.”(训练创造力的叙事方法使用作家用来创作故事的许多技巧。一个是在你的大脑中建立新世界。例如，公司员工可能被要求想象一个客户那样的世界。另一个技巧是换位思考。老板可能被要求像团队中另一个成员那样思考来回答问题。)可知，作者向我们举了员工和老板的例子来说明训练创造力的方法。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段““Creativity isn’t about guessing the future correctly. It’s about making yourself open to imagining completely different possibilities,” Fletcher said. “When you do that, you can respond more quickly and flexibly to the changes that do occur.””(Fletcher说：“创造力不是正确地猜测未来。是让你自己对想象完全不同的可能性敞开心扉。当你这那做时，你可以对于发生的改变更快速和灵活地回应。”)可知，让自己敞开心扉去想象完全不同的可能性，可以对实际发生的改变做出更快速和灵活的反应。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of inspiring creativity.”(研究人员已经开发出一种新的方法来培养人们的创造力，这个新方法表明其成功的保证远远好于现有的激发创造力的方法。)可知，作者开篇就引出了一种新的培养创造力的方法，并通过下文对于这种方法的介绍来告诉我们创造力是可以培养的，由此可知，C选项“任何人都可以被训练成有创造力的人”最适合做文章标题。故选C。
D
Migratory (迁徙的) birds are declining globally because of the way that humans have changed the landscape over recent decades — according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA).
A new study published today reveals that population declines have been greatest among species that migrate to areas with more human infrastructure — roads, buildings, power lines, wind turbines (涡轮机) — as well as more population and hunting levels.
Dr. James Gilroy, from UEA’s School of Environmental Sciences, said, “We know that migratory birds are in greater decline than non-migratory species, but it’s not clear why. We want to find out where in their life cycles these migratory species are most exposed to human impacts.”
The research team identified 16 human-induced threats to migratory birds, including infrastructure associated with bird disturbance and impacts, transformation of land from natural habitat to human land use, and climate change. Advances in satellite imagery allowed the team to map each of the 16 threats across Europe, Africa and Western Asia. The team also created the first ever large-scale map of hunting pressure across the region. A total of 103 species of migrating birds were studied, including many rapidly declining species like the turtle dove and the common cuckoo, using large-scale datasets. The team calculated threat scores for factors such as habitat loss and climate change, across breeding locations, as well as non-breeding ranges. They then explored the relationships between these threat scores and bird population trends calculated from 1985 to 2018 by the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS).
Dr. Aldina Franco, also from UEA’s School of Environmental Sciences, said, “Our findings are important because we need to understand where declining species are being most impacted by humans across their seasonal migrations. Locating where birds are most exposed to these threats could help us target conservation actions.”
12. What causes migratory birds to decrease
A. A longer migratory route. B. Serious industrial pollution.
C. Illegal hunting from humans. D. The changing of landscape.
13. What does the underlined word “infrastructure” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Basic systems and services. B. Local transportation.
C. Internet facilities. D. Power supplies.
14. What does paragraph 4 talk about
A. The results of the study. B. The promise of the study.
C. The process of the study. D. The database of the study.
15. What is the purpose of studying migratory birds according to Dr. Aldina Franco
A. To raise people’s awareness of protecting birds.
B. To offer advice to do conservation work precisely.
C. To stress the necessity of increasing bird population.
D. To state the importance of living in harmony with nature.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迁徙鸟类数量下降的原因与人类活动有关，研究指出了迁徙鸟类受到的种种威胁，目的是提醒人们如何保护迁徙鸟类。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Migratory (迁徙的) birds are declining globally because of the way that humans have changed the landscape over recent decades(由于近几十年来人类改变了地貌，候鸟数量在全球范围内正在减少)”可知，人类活动使得地貌在过去几十年里发生改变，导致迁徙鸟类数量减少。故选D。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“roads, buildings, power lines, wind turbines (涡轮机) (道路，建筑物，输电线，风力涡轮机)”可推知，划线单词infrastructure指一些基础设施及服务，与A项“基本系统和服务”意思一样。故选A。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The research team identified 16 human-induced threats to migratory birds, including infrastructure associated with bird disturbance and impacts, transformation of land from natural habitat to human land use, and climate change. Advances in satellite imagery allowed the team to map each of the 16 threats across Europe, Africa and Western Asia. The team also created the first ever large-scale map of hunting pressure across the region. A total of 103 species of migrating birds were studied, including many rapidly declining species like the turtle dove and the common cuckoo, using large-scale datasets. The team calculated threat scores for factors such as habitat loss and climate change, across breeding locations, as well as non-breeding ranges. They then explored the relationships between these threat scores and bird population trends calculated from 1985 to 2018 by the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS).(研究小组确定了16种人为因素对候鸟造成的威胁，包括与鸟类干扰和影响有关的基础设施、土地从自然栖息地转变为人类土地使用以及气候变化。在卫星地图方面的进步使得研究小组能够绘制出欧洲、非洲和西亚的16种威胁。研究小组还绘制了该地区有史以来第一张大比例尺的狩猎压力地图。利用大规模数据集对103种迁徙鸟类进行了研究，其中包括许多迅速衰退的物种，如斑鸠和杜鹃。研究小组计算了各种因素的威胁分数，如栖息地丧失和气候变化，不同的繁殖地点，以及非繁殖范围。然后，他们通过泛欧共同鸟类监测计划计算了1985年至2018年间的鸟类数量趋势，探讨了这些威胁评分与鸟类数量趋势之间的关系)”可推知，第四段谈论的是该项研究的过程。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Locating where birds are most exposed to these threats could help us target conservation actions.(找到鸟类最容易受到这些威胁的地方可以帮助我们锁定保护行动的目标)”可推知，这项研究可以帮助研究者们精准地采取措施，保护迁徙鸟类。故选B。
2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
C
Before you worry about bacon and how much it may cost when new animal welfare laws go into effect next year, let’s talk about the pigs that gave their lives for it.
California has been on the forefront of protecting animals who live short lives on factory farms either to produce food for us or to be slaughtered and sold as food. The latest advance came in November 2018, when 62.7% of the state’s voters supported Proposition 12, the Prevention of Cruelty to Farm Animals Act. The law began going into effect last year, requiring hens and veal calves to be given more space to live in. Starting on Jan. 1st, the law will require that all eggs sold in California come from cage-free hens and that pork sold in the state come from breeding pigs that are not held in cages. These are humane steps designed to lift these animals out of structures that barely allow them to move.
Pork producers have had the longest time to comply (遵守). Some big companies like Hormel Foods have pledged to do so fully, but others have spent the last few years fighting the law rather than figuring out how to put it into practice. They say that the law will significantly raise the price of pork and that it violates the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, which gives Congress sole power over interstate business activity. So far, that fight has been a waste of time that pork producers could have better spent figuring out how to retrofit (翻新)their farms.
They also complain that the regulations on the law are not set. But the California Department of Food and Agriculture, which has yet to finalize the regulations, says that the delay should not have prevented producers from retrofitting their housing for breeding pigs. The agency has publicly posted draft regulations, which mostly concern record-keeping, certification and definitions of terms.
For fans of bacon and other pork, any rise in cost is the price of not having a pig suffer before it’s killed for food. It’s a price the animals shouldn’t have to pay.
28. What do we know about Proposition 12
A. The law will come into force next year.
B. More space is required for raising hens and pigs.
C. Raising hens and pigs in limited space is humane.
D. Half of the state’s voters subscribed to Proposition 12.
29. What does the underlined word “pledged” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Suspect. B. Refuse. C. Promise. D. Hesitate.
30. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3
A. Some pork producers have raised the price of pork.
B. All the pork producers don’t comply with the law.
C. Pork producers have wasted a lot of time retrofitting their farms.
D. Pork producers resist the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
31. Which word can best describe the author's attitude to the new animal welfare laws
A. Skeptical. B. Conservative C. Tolerant. D. Favorable.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。加利福尼亚的新动物福利保护法规定生产商对于商用养殖动物给予更多的人文关怀—提供充足的生存空间。此举激起来各大生产商的激烈反应，除一些支持派外，其他公司一直在对新法做抗争。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“The law began going into effect last year, requiring hens and veal calves to be given more space to live in.(这项法律去年开始生效，要求给母鸡和小牛肉更多的居住空间。)”以及“the law will require that all eggs sold in California come from cage-free hens and that pork sold in the state come from breeding pigs that are not held in cramped cages.(在美国，这项法律将要求加州所有出售的鸡蛋都来自散养母鸡，而出售的猪肉则来自未被关在笼子里的种猪。)”可知，新动物福利法要求圈养母鸡和肉用小猪需给予更多的空间，不能让它们活动受限。故选B。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。由第三段“but others have spent the last few years fighting the law rather than figuring out how to put it into practice.(但有些人在过去几年里一直在与法律抗争，而不是思考如何将其付诸实践。)”可知，其他生产商过去几年都在抗议新动物福利法，but表示转折，说明“Some big companies like Hormel Foods have pledged to do so fully,”一些大公司是愿意去按新法的规定去做的，所以pledged的意思是承诺。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段“Pork producers have had the longest time to comply.(猪肉生产商遵守规定的时间最长。)”可知，猪肉生产商需要很长的时间去遵守这个新的动物福利，结合“Some big companies like Hormel Foods have pledged to do so fully, but others have spent the last few years fighting the law rather than figuring out how to put it into practice. (像荷美尔食品这样的一些大公司已经承诺要全面实施这项法律，但其他公司在过去几年里一直在与这项法律作斗争，而不是研究如何将其付诸实践。)”可知大的生产商承诺去做，其他生产商过去几年都在抗议新法。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“These are humane steps designed to lift these animals out of structures that barely allow them to move.(这些人性化的步骤是为了把这些动物从几乎不允许它们移动的结构中抬出来。)”，第三段“So far, that fight has been a waste of time that pork producers could have better spent figuring out how to reconfigure their farms.(到目前为止，这场斗争一直是在浪费时间，猪肉生产商本可以把这些时间花在如何改造他们的农场上。)”以及最后一段“It’s a price the animals shouldn’t have to pay.(这是动物们不应该付出的代价。)”可知，作者认为新法规定商业养殖动物需给予更多的活动空间是非常人性化的关怀与做法，进而带来的猪肉价格成本上涨也是人类应付出的代价。猪肉生产商对新法的抵制毫无意义浪费时间。所以作者对新法非常支持。故选D。
D
Tina Brigham, a 50-year-old store owner from a suburb of Washington, DC, wrestled with the puzzles while waiting for customers. “If it’s a 30-minute puzzle, I try to figure it out in 12,” she said. After several years, she found she could easily put together employee work schedules in her head. A lot of stores use an electronic scheduling tool, but I have all the data in my mind,” she said. “I think my brain seems sharper and more focused because of the game.”
The games do seem to work. In one 2020 study, Gary Small, chair of psychiatry at Hackensack University Medical Center, found that 1,091 women and men who frequently played cards, bingo, or did crossword puzzles had sharper thinking and memory skills — equivalent to an IQ up to 5.6 points higher — than those who rarely did. The study doesn’t prove that the puzzles directly led to the higher IQs, but it does show that even people who increased their game-playing in their 70s seemed to get brain benefits within a few years.
Exactly how games sharpen memory and cognitive function is still something of a mystery. But advances in neuroimaging (神经影像学) allow researchers to study how the brain reacts to all sorts of outside stimulation. Small later included 60 women and men completing Latin squares. As the puzzles grew more difficult with fewer clues, players slowed down and made more mistakes. That’s when he discovered something surprising: More regions of the brain got involved, especially in the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质区)，an area involved with problem-solving, judgment, and memory.
Small suggests that if you find yourself debating whether to spend the next 20 minutes taking a walk or playing a brain game, you should choose the walk. Physical activity can help deliver oxygen and fuel to your brain cells. “If you do one thing to help your brain, I’d say it’s exercise.” he says. “Getting good sleep and keep a balanced diet are also important. Brain games work best as part of a whole package of brain-healthy strategies. And remember: A little fun never hurts.
32. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A. By sharing a story. B. By comparing facts.
C. By report findings. D. By presenting figures.
33. What can we know from Gary Small's study
A. Puzzles directly leads to higher IQs.
B. People in their 70s benefit more from brain games.
C. How games sharpen minds has not been clearly understood.
D. Physical activities play an equally important role ais brain games.
34. Why does the author mention good sleep and a healthy diet in the last paragraph
A. To advocate good sleep and a balanced diet.
B. To advise what we should do to keep healthy.
C. To stress the importance of good sleep and a healthy diet.
D. To explain that brain games function best as part of brain-healthy strategies.
35. What is the main idea of the text
A. Puzzles make brains sharp and focused.
B. Physical activities play an important role in sharp thinking.
C. Brain games are beneficial to memory skills and cognitive function.
D. Sharp memory and cognitive function depend largely on brain games.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们新发现玩智力游戏在一定程度上可以使人脑更加敏捷，但其中机制还有待研究。相比于完全依赖智力游戏，专家推荐需要将运动、睡眠、饮食、智力游戏结合起来形成一整套锻炼大脑的策略。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段作者分享了一家商店老板执着于智力游戏的故事，通过老板的自述““I think my brain seems sharper and more focused because of the game.”(“我认为因为这个游戏，我的大脑看起来更敏锐、更专注。”)”可知，作者通过分享一个故事引出本文话题。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Exactly how games sharpen memory and cognitive function is still something of a mystery. (游戏如何提高记忆力和认知功能仍然是个谜。)”可得知，游戏如何提高智力还不清楚。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Getting good sleep and keep a balanced diet are also important. Brain games work best as part of a whole package of brain-healthy strategies.And remember: A little fun never hurts.(良好的睡眠和均衡的饮食也很重要。益智游戏作为大脑健康策略的一部分效果最好。记住：一点乐趣总不会有坏处。)”可得知，光玩智力游戏并不是上上策，最好的策略是将运动、睡眠、饮食、智力游戏整合起来。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过故事引入，第二段讲述了智力游戏有助于提升智商，第三段讲述智力游戏大概如何对智商提升有益，根据最后一段“Getting good sleep and keep a balanced diet are also important. Brain games work best as part of a whole package of brain-healthy strategies.And remember: A little fun never hurts.(良好的睡眠和均衡的饮食也很重要。益智游戏作为大脑健康策略的一部分效果最好。记住:一点乐趣总不会有坏处。)”可得知，最后一段讲相比于完全依赖智力游戏，专家推荐需要将运动、睡眠、饮食、智力游戏结合起来形成一整套锻炼大脑的策略。结合全文，文章主要内容是智力游戏对于记忆力和认知能力的作用。故选C。
3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】
A contact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that involves damage to the optic nerve, and can lead to blindness if not treated. According to the charity Glaucoma UK, the most common form of the disease, known as primary open angle glaucoma, is thought to affect almost 10% of people older than 75. This form is generally caused by increased pressure within the eye, usually as a result of a buildup of fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lower lenses decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensor by means of a cantilever. The sensor then sends a signal to the wireless system which subsequently triggers the release of an anti-glaucoma drug, from a hydrogel attached to an electrode, and enables it to cross the cornea of the eye. The drug, brimonidine, acts to reduce the pressure within the eye.
The study reveals that the contact lenses have so far been tested on pigs’ eyes and on the eyes of living rabbits—albeit with smaller-sized lenses—although trials have yet to be carried out in humans. The researchers note the lenses are not only soft and minimally invasive but are also battery-free, adding that the approach could be expanded to help tackle other eye diseases.
Prof Zubair Ahmed from the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham who was not involved in the work, said the research was potentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a significant problem for most people with glaucoma. “The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced.” he added.
12. Who can probably get help from the contact lens
A. Those who are blind. B. Those who have glaucoma.
C. Those who are older than 75. D. Those who are under heavy pressure.
13. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 3
A. Exceeds. B. Maintains. C. Lowers. D. Balances.
14. How did the team create the device
A. By crossing the cornea of the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lower lenses.
C. By using brimonidine to increase the pressure within the eye.
D. By employing pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device.
15. What can we learn about the contact lenses
A. They are safe but too costly. B. They have been tested on humans.
C. They will be put on the market soon. D. They need to be used with battery power.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款由中国科学家研发的新型隐形眼镜，可实时监测眼压辅助治疗青光眼。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A contact lens that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.(科学家发明了一种隐形眼镜，如果它检测到眼睛内高压，就会释放药物。科学家称这种隐形眼镜有助于治疗青光眼。)”可知，科学家认为这种隐性眼镜可辅助治疗青光眼，所以受众群体为青光眼患者，故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug should the pressure transcend a certain level.(中国的研究人员透露，他们已经开发出一种隐形眼镜，可以感知眼睛内的压力增加，如果压力transcend一定水平，就会释放一种抗青光眼药物。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜可以感知眼压的升高，并在压力超过一定水平时释放抗青光眼药物。“increase”是提示词，可猜测transcend为超过的含义，“exceed”意为“超过”，故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“…using an upper and lower lens，with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses.( 该团队在《自然通讯》杂志上发表文章，描述了他们是如何使用上下透镜创造出这种设备的，在透镜的边缘，有一个雪花形状的压力传感器和无线能量传输装置夹在它们之间。)”可知，研发团队在上下两块镜片之间的边缘夹着雪花状压力传感器和无线电力传输装置，故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced (制造这种隐形眼镜所需的材料很便宜，很快就可以批量生产。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜很快就能大规模生产投人市场了，故选C项。
4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】
C
Color can affect moods, emotions and even actions. This includes sleep and health. In ancient cultures, color therapy is even used as a method of healing.
The color blue has been thought to stimulate (促进) a sleep state. Exposure to blue light can help lower body temperature and blood pressure. A decrease in blood pressure and body temperature is the preparation that signals to the body that it’s time to sleep. Therefore, seeing the color blue when you are ready to rest may cause the response and help you fall asleep more easily.
While there is much evidence that blue is the best choice for your bedroom walls, it’s really the tone that influences your sleep, not the color itself. Deep blue or other neutral (中性的) tones will even make a small bedroom seem more spacious.
While soft colors and earth tones are the most calming and restful bedroom colors for sleep, bright colors prevent your brain activity. These colors stimulate brain activity and stop you from falling asleep. While many parents paint their children’s rooms with bright colors, it’s better to choose fun, playful colors in gentle tones to encourage their kids to go to sleep. Light yellow, green and blue are all amazing choices to paint your children’s bedroom.
What you should remember is that never paint your bedroom walls purple! Purple stimulates creative thought and can lead to extremely vivid nightmares. Other bad choices for bedroom colors include bright reds and bright oranges. These colors stimulate the brain and increase energy. For example, red causes passion, increases energy and may even help you move more quickly. It may be a better choice for your home gym than for your sleep space.
Regardless of the size of your room, there are a few tones that we suggest for creating a healthy space for deep sleep. The most important factor is that you feel relaxed, calm and restful in the room. You should also keep your bedroom free from mess as much as possible and keep it clean. In your bedroom, sleep should be your main focus.
8. What is the effect the color blue has on people
A. It can cause high blood pressure. B. It can keep the brain active.
C. It can adjust the sleep state. D. It can cool the body down.
9. Which color can help make the room look larger
A. Light grey. B. Deep pink. C. Deep red. D. Orange.
10. What’s Paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Ways to make sure of good sleep. B. Bad colors for the bedroom.
C. Color and brain activities. D. The advice on health.
11. What plays a key role in sleep
A. The room is decorated well. B. The room is free from rubbish.
C. The room makes you feel at ease. D. The room shows different tones.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了房间颜色对睡眠的影响，以及如何选择房间的颜色。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Exposure to blue light can help lower body temperature and blood pressure.(接触蓝色光有助于降低体温和血压)”可知，蓝色可以帮助降低体温和血压。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Deep blue or other neutral tones will even make a small bedroom seem more spacious.(深蓝色或其他中性色调甚至会让小卧室看起来更宽敞)”可知，中性色调能够让房间看起来更加宽敞。再结合选项所给颜色可知，浅灰色属于中性色调，由此推知，这种颜色可以让房间看起来更大。故选A。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“What you should remember is that never paint your bedroom walls purple! Purple stimulates creative thought and can lead to extremely vivid nightmares. Other bad choices for bedroom colors include bright reds and bright oranges. These colors stimulate the brain and increase energy. For example, red causes passion, increases energy and may even help you move more quickly. It may be a better choice for your home gym than for your sleep space.(你应该记住的是永远不要把卧室的墙壁漆成紫色！紫色能激发创造性思维，并能导致极其生动的噩梦。卧室颜色的其他不好选择包括亮红色和亮橙色。这些颜色刺激大脑，增加能量。例如，红色可以激发激情，增加能量，甚至可以帮助你更快地行动。这可能是一个更好的选择，为您的家庭健身房，而不是为您的睡眠空间)”可知，本段要介绍了一些不利于睡眠的颜色。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The most important factor is that you feel relaxed, calm and restful in the room.(最重要的因素是你在房间里感到放松、平静和宁静)”可知，一个让人感到轻松自在的房间是保持良好睡眠的最重要的因素。故选C。
D
The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century. But now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras (极光) really make sounds.
“It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world,” historian Fiona Amery said. “ In Canada, Norway and Russia, they are all hearing very much the same sounds.”
“The auroras can occur hundreds of kilometers above the ground,which strengthens opinions that their sounds are just a false impression,” said Fiona. Many scientists argued that auroras were too far away to hear and that any sound would take several minutes to reach the ground, so it was impossible for them to change in time with the auroras.
However, other scientists were convinced that the Northern Lights really made noises. In the 1920s, Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground. Almost 100 years later, Clarence’s suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.
In 2012, an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of monitoring auroras. In 2016, he announced the mechanism that makes the sounds: an inversion layer (逆温层) of cold air in the atmosphere that can form below an aurora and a short distance above the ground in calm weather.
Unto argues that visible changes in the aurora cause changes in the inversion layer, causing accumulated electricity to discharge as sparks (火花) that create sounds that can be heard. That explains how the sounds correspond with the aurora’s visible movements — they begin to happen in the inversion layer only about 75 meters above the observer.
12. What are the words Fiona said in Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The existence of the sounds of the Northern Lights.
B. The need to make full use of the Northern Lights.
C. The problems caused by the Northern Lights.
D. The cause of the Northern Lights.
13. What can we learn about Clarence’s suggestion in the 1920s
A. It matched a lot of old ideas. B. It was well recognized then.
C. It might be of great value. D. It was a total failure.
14. How does the author convey his idea in the text
A. By listing research numbers. B. By making comparisons.
C. By providing explanations. D. By giving examples.
15. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Can We Enjoy the Northern Lights
B. Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds
C. Why Should We Study the Northern Lights
D. How Do the Northern Lights Come into Being
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。北极光是否会发声对科学家来说一直是个谜，但现在有研究证实了北极光是能够发声的。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“‘It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world,’ historian Fiona Amery said. ‘In Canada, Norway and Russia, they are all hearing very much the same sounds.’”（历史学家菲奥娜·阿梅里说：“这几乎在全世界都得到了证实。”“在加拿大、挪威和俄罗斯，他们都听到了非常相同的声音。”）可推知，第二段Fiona所说的话主要表明北极光声音是存在的。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In the 1920s, Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground. Almost 100 years later, Clarence’s suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.”（20世纪20年代，加拿大天文学家克拉伦斯·钱特首次提出了一种可能发生极光的机制：极光的运动引起了大气带电的变化，在接近地面的地方产生了噼里啪啦的声音。近100年后，克拉伦斯的推测似乎接近了这些声音产生的真正原因。）可知，人们发现克拉伦斯·钱特在20世纪20年代提出的推测似乎接近极光声音产生的真正原因，所以它 现在仍然可能有很大的价值。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段Fiona Amery所说、文章第四段“In the 1920s,Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground.”（20世纪20年代，加拿大天文学家克拉伦斯·钱特首次提出了一种可能发生极光的机制：极光的运动引起了大气带电的变化，在接近地面的地方产生了噼里啪啦的声音。）和文章倒数第二段“In 2012,an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of monitoring auroras.”（2012年，一位名叫托恩·莱恩的专家在对极光进行了多年的监测后，展示了一段极光声音的录音。）可知，文章列举了Fiona Amery、Clarence Chant和Unto Laine对北极光发声原理的研究，所以作者是通过举例的方法来表达他的想法。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century. But now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras (极光) really make sounds.”（一个多世纪以来，北极光的声音对科学家来说一直是个谜。但现在，一位研究人员似乎已经弄清楚了极光(极光)是如何发出声音的。）可知，文章主要是围绕对“北极光的声音”这一谜团的研究展开。故B选项“Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds (北极光会发出声音吗 )”是最佳标题。故选B项。
5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】
C
There are many sources of debate on a long Toad trip, including route selection, the choice of snacks, and, probably most importantly, what to Play on the radio. Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio without the need for headphones has been a goal of car makers for decades, and scientists may have finally managed it.
A team from the University of Le Mans in France carefully positioned microphones, speakers and filters（过滤器）to create personalised sound zones (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regions are where sound from a set of speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can not be heard.
One barrier which scientists have previously been unable to overcome was the impact of moving one’s seat. They were able to form a PSZ, but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards.
The French team created a new algorithm(算法) specifically to tackle this issue, which handles the sound waves to create “bright” and “dark” zones in the car. “Loudspeakers are placed in the headrests, and specific filters for each transducer(换能器) are calculated to reproduce a sound signal that maintains good quality in the zone under consideration and is strongly weakened in other zones.” said Dr Lucas Vindrola, the author of the study. “The key to the technique working properly is having sufficient microphones placed around the car to detect how many people are in the car and where they are sitting. The price to pay is to have control microphones in the passenger section, so that the algorithm can work.”
However, the technique is not yet ready to be commercially rolled out as a luxurious optional extra just yet, as it currently works only for a limited range of frequencies.
28. What was once a challenge for scientists
A. PSZs could hardly be formed.
B. The sound of moving a seat is loud,
C. They couldn’t create movable PSZs.
D. The seats couldn’t be moved back and forth.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. How the impact of moving one’s seat was addressed.
B. Why enough microphones are placed around the car.
C. When the algorithm can work well for all passengers.
D. Where “bright” and “dark” zones are created in the car.
30. What can we infer about the new technique
A. It currently works without limitation.
B. It has been put into use commercially.
C. It can function well with enough microphones.
D. It is costly to detect the position of microphones.
31. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To launch a new debate.
B. To tackle an old problem.
C. To advertise an algorithm.
D. To introduce a new technology.
【答案】 28.C 29. A 30.D 31.C
【解析】大意：本文是科技说明文，文章是关于如何运用新技术让在车上的每个人都可以在不带耳机的情况下，听到自己喜欢听的音乐。
C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的but unable to move it to follow a person if they moved the seat forwards or backwards可知PSZs没有办法随着座位移动而移动，因此选C。
A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句的中心句The French team created a new algorithm (算法) specifically to tackle this issue可知，本段是要解决PSZs没有办法跟着移动的问题，采用新的算法以及放置足够多的麦克风来控制，因此选A。
D。推理判断题。根据第四段的The key to the technique working properly is having enough microphones placed around the car可知，算法的成功与否的关键取决于是否有足够多的麦克风放置在车中，故选D。
C。主旨概括题。根据文章开头的Finding a way for all parties to listen to their own audio …and scientists may have finally managed it可知，本文主要介绍科学家们运用新的技术让每个人都听到自己喜欢听的音乐，接下来第二段到第四段分别对怎么用新技术，碰到了哪些挑战以及怎么战胜挑战进行了描述，最后指出这项发明的局限性，故选C。
D
Several days ago Spanish fashion brand Zara sparked a fee debate after releasing its latest campaign featuring a Chinese model with freckles（雀斑）. Actually, there are some different beauty standards between the East and the West.
In East Asia, freckles might be considered a “destructive weakness” for celebrities, especially actors or singers. Although normal people don’t care that much, subconsciously they might prefer a “clean” face. Generally speaking, freckles are more likely to appear if people are out in the sun frequently, and most East Asian women avoid the sun as best they can.
Having freckles, instead, is a trademark for unconventional beauty in the Western world, and some call freckles “angel kisses”. For most westerners, having freckles is no longer just something you have to live with; instead, it is something to be desired. After all, not everyone is lucky enough to have freckles.
When it comes to eye shapes, it seems Western and Chinese beauty standards don’t see eye-to-eye. Many Chinese think girls with big eyes are the most beautiful. If their eyes have a double fold eyelid, that is considered perfect. However, most foreigners seem to prefer Chinese girls with slanted（斜的）and narrow eyes and eyebrows. Chinese known model Lyv Yan is often considered the country’s most beautiful by foreigners, while quite a few Chinese people think her appearance doesn’t fit with traditional beauty standards.
Young, girly feature or hot and mature feature Zhao Liying from China, Aragaki Yui from Japan and Lim Yoon-A from South Korea enjoy high popularity in Asia, as they boast bright faces with warm smiles, which win them lots of male fans. The three young celebrities represent Asia’s beauty standards: women with cute, girly features. Most women in Asia try their best to stay young accordingly. Unlike Chinese girls, Western girls think a more mature look shows independence and uniqueness. The superhero Wonder Woman is an ideal type for most.
As ties continue to grow between China and the West, it is unavoidable that these beauty standards develop. But one thing’s for sure — no matter how you look, you are who you are, and that should be satisfaction enough.
32. What do most western people think of having freckles
A. It is something unbearable.
B. It is a destructive weakness.
A. It is something to wish for.
D. It is a symbol of traditional beauty.
33. What do the underlined words “see eye-to-eye” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Have the same opinion.
B. Recognize their strengths.
C. Misunderstand each other.
D. Argue against one another.
34. Why do western girls prefer to appear mature
A. They think this beauty standard is better.
B. They want to look independent and unique.
C. They hope to have high popularity in Asia.
D. They admire Wonder Woman very much.
35. What does the text mainly talk about
A. What Zara’s beauty standard is.
B. Why Chinese people don’t like freckles.
C. What causes the different beauty standards.
D. How easterners and westerners think of beauty.
【答案】32. C 33.A 34.B 35.D
【解析】大意：本文主要介绍了东西方在雀斑、眼型、清纯还是火辣等方面的审美观的不同。
C 细节理解题。依据第三段“For most westerners, having freckles is no longer just something you have to live with; instead, it is something to be desired.”，可知大多数西方人认为有雀斑并不是一件要忍受的事，而是一件非常盼望的事，故选C项。
A 词义猜测题。依据第四段可知，有关眼睛的形状问题，很多中国人认为大且有双眼皮的眼睛是完美的，而西方人则认为吊斜的眯眯眼才好看，可推知该词组意思是“看法相同”，故选A项。
B 细节理解题。依据最后一段第一句“Unlike Chinese girls, Western girls think a more mature look shows independence and uniqueness.”可知，西方女孩想要以更成熟的外表来显得独立与独特。
D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了东西方在雀斑、眼型、清纯还是火辣等方面的审美观的不同。故选D。
6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】
C
A new study focused on birds examines how the movements of rivers in the Amazon have contributed to that area’s exceptional biological diversity.The research team, led by the American Museum of Natural History, found that as small river systems change over time, they spur the evolution of new species. The findings also reveal previously unknown bird species in the Amazon that are only found in small areas next to these dynamic river systems, putting them at high risk of extinction.
The lowland rainforests of the Amazon River basin harbor(藏匿) more diversity than any other ecosystem on the planet. It is also a globally important biome(生物群落) containing about 18 percent of all trees on Earth and carrying more fresh water than the next seven largest river basins combined. Researchers have long wondered and hotly debated how the Amazon’s rich biodiversity arose and accumulated.
“Early evolutionary biologists like Alfred Russel Wallace noticed that many species of primates and birds differ across opposite riverbanks in the Amazon,”said the study’s lead author Lukas Musher. “Moreover, accumulating geological evidence has suggested that these rivers are highly dynamic, moving around the South American landscape over relatively short time periods, on the order of thousands or tens of thousands of years.”
To investigate how the movement of rivers across the landscape has influenced the accumulation of bird species in the Amazon, the researchers sequenced the genomes(基因组) of six species of Amazonian birds.
Because these rivers move around the landscape at different time scales, their movements can have varying outcomes for bird species: when river rearrangements occur quickly, populations of birds on each side can combine before they’ve had time to differ; when river changes happen slowly, species have a longer time to diverge from one another.
8. What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Stimulate. B. Renew. C. Pursue. D. Interrupt.
9. What have researchers debated on
A. What the Amazon’s biodiversity indicates. B. How the Amazon’s biodiversity was formed.
C. Whether the Amazon has the richest biodiversity. D. Why Amazon bird species are at risk of distinction.
10. What can we conclude from LukasMusher’s words
A. There are six species of American birds.
B. Rivers move very slowly in South America.
C. Most species differ across opposite Amazon riverbanks.
D. River movement may lead to the Amazon’s biodiversity.
11. What has influenced the change of bird species in the Amazon
A. The location of river movement. B. The populations of birds.
C. The speed of river movement. D. The amount of the genomes.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了亚马逊河流流动对该地区生物多样性的贡献。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线处上文“A new study focused on birds examines how the movements of rivers in the Amazon have contributed to that area’s exceptional biological diversity.( 一项针对鸟类的新研究调查了亚马逊河的流动是如何促成该地区非凡的生物多样性的。)”和划线单词所在句子“The research team, led by the American Museum of Natural History, found that as small river systems change over time, they spur the evolution of new species.(由美国自然历史博物馆领导的研究小组发现，随着时间的推移，小型河流系统会发生变化，从而spur新物种的进化。)”可知，亚马逊河的流动促成该地区非凡的生物多样性，这说明小型河流系统会发生变化，从而刺激新物种的进化，由此可知，spur可以解释称导致、引起，再往深一点是刺激了物种的进化。A. Stimulate刺激；B. Renew翻新、更新；A. Pursue追求；D. Interrupt打断。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Researchers have long wondered and hotly debated how the Amazon’s rich biodiversity arose and accumulated. (长期以来，研究人员一直想知道并激烈争论亚马逊丰富的生物多样性是如何产生和积累的。)”可知，调查者们正在争论的是亚马逊河流丰富的生物多样性是如何形成并累积的，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“ “Early evolutionary biologists like Alfred Russel Wallace noticed that many species of primates and birds differ across opposite riverbanks in the Amazon,” said the study’s lead author Lukas Musher." Moreover, accumulating geological evidence has suggested that these rivers are highly dynamic, moving around the South American landscape over relatively short time periods, on the order of thousands or tens of thousands of years.” (该研究的主要作者卢卡斯·穆舍说：“阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士等早期进化生物学家注意到，亚马逊河两岸的许多灵长类动物和鸟类物种不同。”“此外，越来越多的地质证据表明，这些河流是高度动态的，在相对较短的时间内，在数千年或数万年的时间内，在南美洲的景观中流动。”)” Lukas Musher将这两件事关联起来，他认为是亚马逊河的流动导致了河两岸丰富的生物多样性，故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“when river rearrangements occur quickly, populations of birds on each side can combine before they’ve had time to differ; when river changes happen slowly, species have a longer time to diverge from one another.( 当河流快速重新排列时，两边的鸟类种群在它们有时间变化之前就会结合在一起；当河流变化缓慢时，物种有更长的时间互相分化。)”可知高速的河流会导致物种组合，低速的河流会导致物种的差距越来越大。所以，影响鸟类种类改变的因素是河流的流速，故选C。
D
China’s first group of e-sports major graduates will emerge in the summer of 2021,with data showing that even though this major has been underestimated by the public, the future appears promising as there are hundreds of thousands of related jobs available.
After the Ministry of Education decided that “electronic sports and management” should be listed in colleges’ major departments in September 2016, around 30 Chinese universities kicked off their e-sports major courses in the same year, to meet the needs of the rise of e-sports related industries in the Chinese market.
“The major is designed to meet the demand,”said Zheng Duo,co-founder of Tianjin Hero Sports Management and a visiting professor from the Communication University of China(CUC).
Chinese passion for e-sports is not in doubt, with more than 18,000 e-sports companies registered as of 2021, according to corporate database Qichacha.The number of e-sports users in China reached 500 million in 2021, and the market had a value of more than 145 billion yuan as of 2020, according to Chinese consulting group iResearch. Meanwhile,the industry chain is becoming more complete.
Jobs in areas such as supervision and content production require talent and training. The number of available jobs is estimated at 500,000,and could reach 3.5 million in the next five years, according to China’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.
Well-known universities such as CUC and the Shanghai Theatre Academy have responded to the country’s call and are preparing graduates for the e-sports market.Yet not every major graduate is qualified for the positions available, as the jobs normally require practical experience,which is something a lot of graduates lack.
Industry insiders have indicated that e-sports is an industry with rapid iteration(迭代), and some companies prefer to hire people with experience instead of spending time training recruits.
Roughly half of the graduates will enter the gaming industry, said Xiao Pi, an e-sports major graduate from CUC. “Some of the rest will pursue further studies for their master’s degree.”
“Even though e-sports majors have advantages in finding jobs, students need practical experience to better suit the different positions,” said Gu Liming, president of Perfect World Games.
12. What do the public think of e-sports majors according to the text
A. They don’t exist in job markets.
B. They deserve a promising future.
C. They don’t have a wide appeal.
D. They replace many other majors.
13. Why did universities start to offer e-sports major courses in 2016
A. They had great passion for electronic sports.
B. They wanted to respond to the public’s call.
C. They had the potential for e-sports courses.
D. They wanted to meet the social demands.
14. What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A. E-sports have a large database.
B. E-sports see a larger-scale market.
C. E-sports get advice from iResearch.
D. E-sports arise from a complete chain.
15. What do e-sports graduates really need to be better qualified for the positions
A. The fierce competition. B. Familiarity with markets.
C. Practical experience. D. A master’s degree.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了电子竞技专业的现状和前景，以及对该专业的应届毕业生的要求。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“China’s first group of e-sports major graduates will emerge in the summer of 2021,with data showing that even though this major has been underestimated by the public, the future appears promising as there are hundreds of thousands of related jobs available.（中国第一批电子竞技专业的毕业生将于2021夏天出现，数据显示，尽管这个专业被公众低估了，但未来似乎很有希望，因为有几十万个相关工作岗位）”，可知，电子竞技这个专业被人们低估了，即：没有广泛的吸引力，故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“After the Ministry of Education decided that “electronic sports and management” should be listed in colleges’ major departments in September 2016, around 30 Chinese universities kicked off their e-sports major courses in the same year, to meet the needs of the rise of e-sports related industries in the Chinese market.（在2016年9月，教育部长认为应该将‘电子竞技与管理’列入大学专业中，为了满足中国市场电子竞技相关产业崛起的需求，同年有大约30个中国的大学开设了电子竞技这一专业。）”，可知，开设这个专业是为了满足中国市场电子竞技相关产业崛起的需求，故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The number of e-sports users in China reached 500 million in 2021, and the market had a value of more than 145 billion yuan as of 2020,（在2021年，中国电子竞技用户达到了5亿人，截止2020年，电子竞技市场达到了价值1450亿，）”可推知，在中国，注册了很多电子竞技公司，用户也上达亿，其市场价值也达到了1450亿，也就是说，电子竞技的未来前景很好，故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Even though e-sports majors have advantages in finding jobs, students need practical experience to better suit the different positions,” said Gu Liming, president of Perfect World Games.（尽管电子竞技专业在找工作方面有优势，但是学生也需要实践经验去更好地适应不同的职位。）”可知，学生需要拥有实践经验去更好的适应不同的岗位，故选C。
7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】
Tourists visiting the Canary Islands can often hear locals communicating over long distances by whistling—not a tune, but the Spanish language. The locals are communicating in Silbo, a much more widespread use of whistled languages. In at least 80 cultures worldwide, people have developed whistled versions of their local languages when the circumstances call for it.
Whistled languages are almost always developed by traditional cultures that live in mountainous regions or in dense forests. That’s because whistled speech carries much farther than ordinary speech or shouting, says Julien Meyer, a linguist who explores the topic of whistled languages. Skilled whistlers can reach 120 decibels (分贝)—louder than a car speaker. As a result, whistled speech can be understood up to 10 times as far away as ordinary shouting can. That lets people communicate when they cannot get close enough to shout.
Whistled languages work because many of the key elements of speech can be imitated in a whistle. We distinguish one speech sound from another by minor differences in their sound frequency patterns. Whistlers can express all of these distinctions by varying the pitch (音高) of their whistle. And the skill can be adapted to any language, even those that have no tradition of whistling.
However, whistled languages are disappearing rapidly all over the world, and some—such as the whistled form of the Tepehua language in Mexico—have already disappeared. Modernization is largely to blame, says Meyer, who points to roads as the biggest factor. “That’s why you still find whistled speech only in places that are very, very remote, that have had less access to roads,” he says.
Fortunately, there is still a ray of hope. UNESCO has listed two whistled languages—Silbo in the Canary Islands, and a whistled Turkish—as elements of the world’s intangible cultural heritage. Such attention can lead to conservation efforts. In the Canary Islands, for example, Silbo is now taught in schools. “If people hadn’t made that effort, Silbo would probably have disappeared,” says Meyer. There, at least, the future of the whistled language looks bright.
28. What can be learned about Silbo
A. It is an endangered tune. B. It is employed to entertain tourists.
C. It is used in more than 80 cultures. D. It is a whistled version of Spanish.
29. What are whistled languages mainly used to do
A. Pass on secret information.
B. Get messages across over long distances.
C. Imitate the sound patterns of other languages.
D. Show minor differences between speech sounds.
30. Why are whistled languages disappearing according to Meyer
A. Lack of skilled teachers. B. Contact with modernity.
C. Difficulty in learning them. D. Popularity of official languages.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of Silbo
A. Uncertain. B. Dissatisfied. C. Optimistic. D. Uncaring.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口哨语言，包括其是如何产生的，主要运用于什么情况，这种语言的现状以及未来。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Tourists visiting the Canary Islands can often hear locals communicating over long distances by whistling—not a tune, but the Spanish language. The locals are communicating in Silbo, a much more widespread use of whistled languages.(访问加那利群岛的游客经常可以听到当地人通过吹口哨（不是一首曲子，而是西班牙语）进行远距离交流。当地人用Silbo交流，这是一种更广泛使用的口哨语言)”可知，Silbo是一种口哨形式的西班牙语。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Whistled languages are almost always developed by traditional cultures that live in mountainous regions or in dense forests. That’s because whistled speech carries much farther than ordinary speech or shouting, says Julien Meyer, a linguist who explores the topic of whistled languages. (口哨语言几乎总是由生活在山区或密林中的传统文化发展而来。研究口哨语言的语言学家Julien Meyer说，这是因为口哨语言比普通语言或喊叫传播得更远)”和“As a result, whistled speech can be understood up to 10 times as far away as ordinary shouting can. That lets people communicate when they cannot get close enough to shout. (因此，吹口哨的声音可以被理解的距离是普通叫喊的10倍。这让人们在距离不够近而无法喊叫时进行交流)”可知，口哨语言主要是为了在远距离的情况下传递信息。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“However, whistled languages are disappearing rapidly all over the world, and some—such as the whistled form of the Tepehua language in Mexico—have already disappeared. Modernization is largely to blame, says Meyer, who points to roads as the biggest factor. (然而，口哨语言正在全世界迅速消失，有些语言，如墨西哥Tepehua的口哨形式已经消失。Meyer说，现代化在很大程度上是罪魁祸首，他指出道路是最大的因素)”可知，现代化是导致口哨语言消失的主要原因。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Fortunately, there is still a ray of hope. UNESCO has listed two whistled languages—Silbo in the Canary Islands, and a whistled Turkish—as elements of the world’s intangible cultural heritage. Such attention can lead to conservation efforts. In the Canary Islands, for example, Silbo is now taught in schools. (幸运的是，还有一线希望。联合国教科文组织将两种口哨语言——加那利群岛的Silbo和口哨土耳其语——列为世界非物质文化遗产。这种关注可以导致保护努力。例如，在加那利群岛，学校现在教Silbo)”推知，作者对Silbo的未来持乐观态度。故选C。
8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】
C
Apples have always played a significant yet diverse role in history. Today apples continue to astonish in medicine with headlines reporting that an apple a day really does have health benefits. In 2013, researchers in Oxford suggested that either an apple a day or a statin (a kind of drug) seemed to be equally successful at preventing heart attacks and strokes in people over the age of 50.
EPIC study, one of the biggest studies of its kind, involves half a million people and looks at the effects of eating fruit and vegetables on disease. Participants consuming at least eight portions a day had an astonishing 22% lower risk of heart disease, and risks of some cancers were slightly reduced. However, other cancers were unaffected, and there was no real effect on diabetes.
How might the humble apple be declaring war on heart disease and cancer, two of our biggest killers The answer might lie in polyphenols (多酚) in apples, which is useful for protecting the fruit from disease and also giving it color and flavor. They have the potential to protect our body by reducing blood stickiness and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.
Several studies also show a reduction in blood pressure when more fruit and vegetables are eaten. Furthermore, apples contain a fibre called pectin (果胶) which sticks to cholesterol in the body, slowing their absorption. What is clear is that the apple is a complex mix of components, working together for the good of our health.
But can we eat enough apples a day to keep the doctor away Eating too many may not be a good idea, especially with a risk of lasting exposure to low levels of pesticide. Some people are even allergic to apples, and they can wear away outer layer of tooth. The Department of Health’s advice to consume “5-a-day” (including both fruit and vegetables) might be a realistic starting point.
8. Which of the following do the researchers agree with
A. An apple a day can successfully cure heart diseases.
B. Eating fruit and vegetables can reduce diabetes greatly.
C. Apples and medicine have similar effect in some cases.
D. Those eating apples have a lower risk of all cancers.
9. Why are polyphenols and pectin mentioned in the text
A. To make a comparison. B. To give advice on health.
C. To tell what apples contain. D. To clarify how apples work.
10. What does the underlined phrase “5-a-day” in the last paragraph refer to
A. An apple and five vegetables per day. B. Five apples in different times every day.
C. Two apples and three vegetables every day. D. Five portions of fruit and vegetables per day.
11. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A travel brochure. D. A nursing report.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了吃苹果对健康的益处及为什么会有这些益处。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“In 2013, researchers in Oxford suggested that either an apple a day or a statin (a kind of drug) seemed to be equally successful at preventing heart attacks and strokes in people over the age of 50.”（2013年，牛津大学的研究人员指出，每天一个苹果或一片斯达汀（一种药物）在预防50岁以上人群的心脏病发作和中风方面似乎同样有效。）可知，研究人员指出，每天一个苹果或一片斯达汀（一种药物）在预防50岁以上人群的心脏病发作和中风方面似乎同样有效，由此可知，研究人员同意苹果和药物在某些情况下有类似的效果。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段内容“How might the humble apple be declaring war on heart disease and cancer, two of our biggest killers The answer might lie in polyphenols (多酚) in apples, which is useful for protecting the fruit from disease and also giving it color and flavor. They have the potential to protect our body by reducing blood stickiness and cholesterol (胆固醇) levels.”（谦卑的苹果如何向心脏病和癌症这两大杀手宣战？答案可能在于苹果中的多酚类物质，它有助于保护水果免受疾病，并给予其颜色和味道。它们有可能通过降低血液粘度和胆固醇水平来保护我们的身体。）和第四段关键句“Furthermore, apples contain a fibre called pectin (果胶) which sticks to cholesterol in the body, slowing their absorption.”（此外，苹果含有一种称为果胶的纤维，这种纤维粘附在体内的胆固醇上，减缓其吸收。）可知，苹果对健康有益，因为其中含有多酚和果胶，多酚可能通过降低血液粘度和胆固醇水平来保护我们的身体，果胶也可以减缓胆固醇的吸收，由此可知，文中提到多酚和果胶是为了阐明苹果是如何对我们的健康产生作用的。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线短语句中“including both fruit and vegetables”（包括水果和蔬菜）可知，句中的数字“5”指的是水果和蔬菜共五份，由此可知，句中指卫生部建议每天摄入五份水果和蔬菜，画线短语“5-a-day”指每天五份水果和蔬菜。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Today apples continue to astonish in medicine, with headlines reporting that an apple a day really does have health benefits.”（今天，苹果在医学上继续令人惊讶，新闻摘要报道每天一个苹果确实对健康有益。）可知，本文主要介绍了吃苹果对健康的好处，由此可知，本篇文章有可能出自一本健康杂志。故选B项。
D
Emerging economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism covers them now. People wonder how they will pay debts during the COVID-19 and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past in an era of deglobalisation (去全球化).
The freshest of many answers to this issue is the fast-spreading digital revolution. The digital revolution is already as progressive in emerging economies as developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by income from digital services as a share of gross domestic product(GDP), 16 are in the emerging world. Indonesia, for example, is further advanced by this measure than France or Canada. And since 2017, digital income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26 percent, compared with 11 percent in the developed ones.
How can it be that poorer nations are adopting common digital technologies faster than the rich One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies filled with physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with them and slow to abandon