Unit 6 When was it invented-Section A Grammar Focus-4c课件(共57张PPT)

(共57张PPT)
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
To understand and use the passive voice(past tense) be + v (ed).
To talk about when inventions were invented and where they were invented.
If you like, you can practice more.
Objectives
被动语态 (Passive Voice)
结构: be + V-p.p.
am / are / is +动词的过去分词
was / were +动词的过去分词
一般现在时的被动语态:
一般过去时的被动语态:
Many people speak English. (主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.
The naughty boy broke the window yesterday. (主动语态)
The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.
We bought some books.
主动句与被动句之间的转换
Some books were bought ( by us )
主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语
主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
过去式被动语态的几种句型
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…)
A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.
2 否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…)
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
A sweet song wasn’t sung by her on the stage.
Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
Where was a sweet song sung by her
Grammar Focus
When was the zipper invented It was invented in 1893.
Who was it invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
When was tea brought to Korea It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.
Active Voice : Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
Passive Voice: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876.
1. When was the zipper
invented
C. It was invented in 1893.
2. Who was it
invented by
D. It was invented by
Whitcomb Judson.
3. When was tea
brought to Korea
A. It was brought to Korea
during the 6th and 7th
centuries.
4. What is the hot ice-
cream scoop used for
B. It’s used for serving
really cold ice-cream.
Match the questions with the answers.
一般过去时的被动语态的句式结构
一般过去时的被动语态
肯定句 主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词（ + by…）
否定句 主语+was/were + not+及物动词的过去分词（+ by…)
疑问句 Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（+by …)
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词（ +by...)
2. 一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法
用 法 示 例
表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作，且句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
The house was built in 1990.
这所房子建于1990年。
讲述发生在过去的动作，且不知道动作的执行者。
He was honored with the name
“ Father of Hybrid Rice”.
他被授予“杂交水稻之父”的称号。
①含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，通常把指 “人”的间接宾语变为主语，而指“物”的直接宾语则不变。
He gave me a book yesterday.
I was given a book (by him) yesterday.
②如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾
语前加to或for。
3. 含双宾语和复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态的方法
I brought him some food.
Some food was brought to him (by me).
③含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，要将其中的
宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。
Jim asked Tom to go for a walk.
Tom was asked (by Jim) to go for a walk.
④ 如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号 to。
We often heard Kate sing in the room.
Kate was often heard to sing in the room (by us).
4a Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
They sold the fridge at a low price.
____________________________________________
2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.
____________________________________________
3. Where did you take these photos
___________________________________________
The fridge was sold at a low price.
My camera was stolen from my hotel room (by somebody).
Where were these photos taken
4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
______________________________________________
5. Different writers translated the book into different languages.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
We were advised not to go out alone by our parents.
The book was translated into different languages
by different writers.
eat lock like ring invite break tell bring
You _____________ to the party last night, weren’t you Why didn’t you go
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers ___________ to a safe place.
were invited
were brought
4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms
of the verbs in the box.
3. The door ___________ when we arrived, so we
______ the bell.
4. The students __________ not to eat or drink in class. But Ruby _______ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class.
5. The cookies ___________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really ______ them.
was locked
rang
were told
broke
were eaten
liked
4c Decide whether active or passive forms should
be used in these sentences. Write the correct
forms in the blanks.
The telephone _____________(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He __________ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell ________ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell _______ (learn) how to send musical notes through
was invented
was born
worked
learned
an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone ____________ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that ________ (say) on the telephone by
Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you.” Today the telephone ________ (use) around the world.
was invented
was said
is used
When was the car invented
It was invented in 1885.
Who were they invented by
They were invented by Julie Thompson.
What are they used for
They are used for seeing in the dark.
Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts.
The cake looks nice. Who made it
It was made by my aunt.
Free talk
How delicious the soup is! Who cooked it
It was cooked by Mom.
What a beautiful card it is! Who made it
It was made by …
1. all of a sudden: 突然；猛地
可写作of a sudden, on a/the sudden 或all on a sudden。
例句：
突然，灯都灭了。 All of a sudden, the lights went out.
那个男孩突然开始哭起来。
The boy began crying all of a sudden.
Language points
2. luckily作副词，意为“幸运地”，也可换成to my luck或 luckily for me，其后通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。例句：
Luckily, she was at home when I called.
幸好当我打电话时她在家。
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
1. — Today Chinese is becoming more and more
popular.
— It _______ in many schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching
C. has taught D. is taught
D
Exercises
2. We _______ to close the windows before we left the lab.
A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told
3. — Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible
— Yes. In fact, it _______. That's all because of the
people and the factories around.
A. polluted B. was polluted
C. has polluted D. will pollute
D
B
Ⅱ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The pizza was ______ (make) by me. Would you like
to have some
2. The Great Wall is ________ (know) all over the world.
3. This story was ______ (tell) by my grandmother last
night.
4. Was a new science museum ______ (build) in your
hometown last year
5. No student is _______(see) in the playground.
made
known
told
built
seen
6. History is _________ by the people. (make) 7. He is often _________ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 8. The book ______________ by him last year. (write) 9. The radio ______________ last week. (repair)
made
asked
was written
was repaired
Ⅲ. 将下列句子变为被动语态。
1. My parents bought me a computer last week.
2. We often hear the girl sing happily in her room.
The girl is often heard to sing happily (by us) in
her room.
A computer was bought for me by my parents last week.
3. He wrote an article last week.
An article was written by him last week.
4. He saved a lot of money this summer.
5. We spend large sums of money each year in painting the steelwork of bridges.
A lot of money was saved this summer.
Large sums of money is spent each year in painting the steelwork of bridges.
6. He was seen to read a book in his room. (用I作主语，改为主动语态)
I saw him read a book in his room.
doubt mention website all of a sudden
Some inventions can also lead to other inventions ____________. So some people _______ whether the inventor came up with the idea himself or herself. They think that the inventor used someone else’s idea to create his or her invention. That is why books or ________ usually _________ more than one inventor when giving information about inventions.
all of a sudden
doubt
websites
mention
Ⅳ. 综合填空。
中考链接
Many old trees and houses ______ by the terrible rainstorm last night.
A. are pulled down
B. were pulled down
C. will be pulled down
B
昨晚，很多老树和旧房子被可怕的暴雨摧毁了。
Homework
Write a dialog about their things using the passive voice.
Finish off the exercises on the
text book.
Read 4b and 4c.
To listen to 1c and 1d, then complete them.
To learn new words: pronounce, increase, speed, partner…
Objectives
Do you have difficulties in learning English
What things are difficult for you
Discussion
What’s your problem in learning English How do you solve them
I have difficulties in
learning English.
Can you help me
The difficulties he has in learning English.
New words: can’t pronounce some of the words
spell some English words
Speaking: be afraid to speak
Listening: can’t understand spoken English
Writing: can’t make complete sentences
Reading: read very slowly
Grammar: make mistakes
1a Learning English can be difficult. What things are
difficult for you Read the list. Check ( ) the
statements that are true for you.
____ I can’t pronounce some of the words.(v. 发音)
____ I can’t always understand spoken English.
____ I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.
____ I can’t spell some English words.
____ I often make mistakes in grammar.
(v. 增加；增长)
(n. 速度)
1b What other things are difficult for you
Make a list.
1. I don’t know enough words to write well.
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ________________________________
can’t get the pronunciation right
be afraid people might laugh at me
forget a lot of new words
don’t get much writing practice
1c Paul finds it difficult to learn English. Listen and
complete the learning challenges he talks about.
1. He can’t get the__________________ right.
2. He___________ a lot of new words.
3. He can’t always_____________ when people talk to him.
4. He doesn’t get much___________ practice.
pronunciation
forgets
understand
writing
Challenges
1d Listen again. Complete the solutions.
1. ________________ can help.
He can always_____________________ in his notebook and study them at home.
He can_____________________________ to practice speaking.
He should find a _______ to practice writing.
Listening
write the new words
join an English language club
pen pal
Solutions
1e Role-play conversations using the information
in 1c and 1d.
① A: I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
B: Maybe you should join an English club.
② A: I always forget the new words.
B: You can write the new words in your notebook
and study them at home.
A: I can’t always understand when people talk to me.
B: Maybe you should join an English language club
to practice speaking.
A: I forget a lot of new words.
B: Maybe you should write the new words in your
notebook and study them at home.
Pair work
1.I often make mistakes in grammar.
mistake n. 错误；过失 make mistakes 犯错
Tom didn’t make a single spelling mistake in his composition. 汤姆在这篇作文里一个字也没拼错。
mistake vt. 弄错，误解
I mistook the number and went to the wrong room. 我记错号码, 走错了房间。
Language points
2. challenge n. 挑战
He wants a career that offers a challenge. 他想要一份有挑战性的事业。
vt. 向……挑战；对……提出异议
I challenged him to show his proof. 我要他拿出证据。
He challenged my view on that matter. 他就我对那件事的看法提出异议。
3. solution n. (问题、疑难等的) 解决；解答
It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法。 The solution of the problem requires a lot of time. 解决这个问题需要很多时间。
4. Maybe you should join an English club.
join/join in/take part in
(1) join=be a member of 参加, 指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。
join the army / party 入伍/党 join the club 加入俱乐部
join in 后接活动名称
join sb. 加入到某个人群之中
Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Sometimes, I can’t get the____________ (pronounce) right.
2. I don’t know how__________ (improve) my spoken English.
3. The more careful you are, the fewer_________ (mistake)
you’ll make.
4. You can find a pen pal to practice________ (write).
5. She can’t______ (spell) English words.
Exercises
pronunciation
to improve
mistakes
writing
spell
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
We must learn to face the __________ in our life.
2. He has trouble in understanding _______ English.
3. Can you think of a good _______ to the problem
4. You can listen to the tapes to get much listening _______.
5. The more careful you are, the fewer _______ you’ll make.
solution, practice, mistake, spoken, challenges
challenges
spoken
solution
practice
mistakes
— Excuse me, can you teach me how to ______
this new word
— No problem. Look at my mouth and listen
carefully.
A. prove B. pronounce
C. prepare D. produce
B
中考链接
证明
准备
发音
生产
你能教给我这个新词怎么样……
— Miss Huang always advises us to practice
speaking English after class.
— She is right. Speaking is an important
language __________.
A. sign B. skill C. suggestion
符号
技能
建议
B
Review the new words and expressions you’ve learned today.
Preview the article How Can You Become a Successful Learner on page 6.
Homework