Unit2 Lesson3
1．relieve vt．减轻；缓解→relief n．减轻；缓解
2．strengthen vt．&vi．(使)强健→strength n．长处，优势，力量→ strong adj．强壮的
3．particular n．尤其，特别；adj. 特定的→ particularly adv. 尤其；特别
4．benefit n．好处，益处 vt. 有益于；得益→beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的
5．equipment n．配备，设备→equip vt．装配，配置→equipped adj．装配好的
6．prevent vt．预防；阻止，阻挡→ prevention n．预防；防止；防范
7． achievable adj. 可完成的；做得成的→ achieve v．实现；完成；成功
8．satisfaction n．满意，满足→satisfy v．使满意→satisfying adj．令人满意(或满足)的→satisfied adj．满意的
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词 ▲高频词
★1. strengthen vi. &vt. 加强，增强，巩固
【用法归纳】
Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years. 我们的友谊逐年加深了。
The wind strengthened during the night.夜里风力更大了。
【构词法】
【拓展】相关词语积累：
strength n.[U,sing.]力气，体力；[C]优势
build up one’s strength增强某人的力量
strengths and weaknesses优势和劣势，长处和短处
【练习】语法填空
①(2018·全国Ⅰ卷语法填空节选)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes.
②Knowing your strengths (strength) and weaknesses will help you achieve your dreams.
③The same boiling water will soften (soft) the potato and harden (hard) the egg.
[高频短语]2. cheer up
【用法归纳】cheer up意为“(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来”，可用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。具体用法如下：
(1) cheer sb. up/ cheer up sb.使某人振作起来，使某人高兴起来
When I’m feeling sad, my mother often tells me funny stories to cheer me up.
当我感到难过时，我的母亲经常给我讲有趣的故事使我高兴起来。
(2) cheer up (单独使用)高兴起来，振作起来
I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 打起精神来!这个消息还不算太坏。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1) cheer vi. &vt. 欢呼，喝彩；vt. 鼓舞n.[C]欢呼声，喝彩声
cheer sb. on (赛跑、比赛等中)为某人加油
(2) cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的
【练习】
1.语法填空
①He was feeling a bit low, so I did my best to cheer him up .
②“I’ll do everything I can to help you，”she said with a cheerful (cheer) grin(露齿的笑).
③The game is about to start. I will go to cheer our team on .
2. 结合 cheer的用法完成句子
亲爱的，振作起来吧!事情不会像你想的那么糟糕。你会有机会的!
Cheer up ，dear! Things won’t be as bad as you think. There will be chances for you!
3. be fed up with
【用法归纳】be fed up with意为“受够了；厌烦；饱受”，with后接宾语。
He has eaten so many eggs since his childhood that he is fed up with them now.
他从小吃了太多鸡蛋以至于现在厌烦它们了。
【拓展】“厌烦”的其他表达法：
be/ get bored with be/ get tired of be/ get sick of
She had begun to be a little bored with novel writing.她开始对写小说有些厌倦了。
I am sick of being treated as a child since I have been over 18. 我已经厌倦被当作小孩子了，因为我已经超过18岁了。
【练习】语法填空
①The film was so boring that soon all the audience in the cinema gradually got bored with it and went out one by one.
②“Lost time will never be found again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself because I was fed up with being lazy.
③They don’t want to live in the city any more, because they are sick of the noise, the dirt and the crowded streets, trains and buses of the city.
▲★4. equipment n.[U]设备，器材；装备
【用法归纳】 a piece of equipment 一件设备
The store sells tents and other camping equipment.这家商店出售帐篷和其他的野营装备。
We need a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen. 我们需要一件有用的厨房设备。
After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.实验室发生火灾后，许多设备都被毁坏了。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
equip (equipped, equipped)vt. 装备，配备；使有所准备，使有能力
equip sb. /sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物
be equipped with 装备有，配备有
be equipped for... 对……有准备
They equipped themselves with the best tools and set off for the forest.他们装备上最好的工具便出发去森林了。
She was fully equipped for the climb.她装备齐全，准备登山。
【练习】
1.语法填空
(2020·北京东城区期末) The new set of equipment (equip) is expected to speed up the production process.
2.结合 equip的用法完成句子
①所有乘客都配备反光背心和安全灯。
All passengers are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
②他们为这项新任务做好了充分的准备。
They are fully equipped for the new task.
▲★5. benefit
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [U,C]益处，优势
for the benefit of sb.(= for sb’s benefit)为了某人的利益，为帮助某人
be of (great) benefit to... 对……(很)有益
to sb’s benefit对某人有利
I’m a great believer in the benefits of this form of therapy.我对这种疗法的益处深信不疑。
All donations are used for the benefit of disabled children.所有的捐款都用于帮助残疾儿童。
This measure is of great benefit to the improvement of the environment. 此项措施对改善环境大有裨益。
If we take these measures, I’m sure it is greatly to our benefit.如果我们采取这些措施，我肯定这对我们大有裨益。
(2)vt. 对(某人)有用，使受益；vi.得益于，得利于
benefit by/from... 得益于……
The book benefits John, and John benefits from the book.这本书对约翰有益，约翰从这本书中受益。
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
如果没有托马斯·爱迪生，现在我们从中受益的很多东西都不会存在。(江苏高考)
【拓展】相关词语积累：
beneficial adj. 有裨益的，有利的，有用的
be beneficial to... 对……有益
Vitamins are beneficial to our health. 维生素对我们的健康有益。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(2020·黑龙江大庆实验中学段考)Building a new railway is beneficial (benefit) to the development of the local place in the long run.
②(2020·上海市进才中学期末)When you benefit from/by making the most of your time, you will pay more attention to time management.
③(2020·河北石家庄精英中学调研) My mother has a balanced diet, which is of great benefit to her health.
2.一句多译
(2020·山东泰安一中期中)这场雨对庄稼(crop)大有好处。
①The rain benefit the crops greatly.
②The rain is of great benefit to the crops.
③The rain is highly beneficial to the crops.
6. in particular
【用法归纳】
(1)尤其，特别。相当于 especially, particularly
I noticed his eyes in particular, because they are very big.我特别注意到了他的眼睛，因为它们很大。
It was a good concert and I enjoyed the last song in particular. 这是一场不错的音乐会，我尤其喜欢最后的那首歌。
(2)特殊的，专门的，具体的
Is there anything in particular you’d like for dinner 晚饭你有什么具体想吃的吗
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1) particular adj.特别的；讲究，挑剔
be particular about/over…对……挑剔/讲究
The designer is very particular about the colours he uses.这位设计师对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。
(2) particularly adv.特别，尤其(相当于 in particular，但两者在句中的位置不同)
I like all the four seasons, particularly spring. I like all the four seasons, spring in particular.
四个季节我都喜欢，尤其喜欢春季。
[语境串记]Betty is very particular about food. However, she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular because her grandma is particularly good at cooking. 贝蒂对食物很挑剔。然而，她特别喜欢(吃)她奶奶做的饭，因为她的奶奶特别擅长做饭。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①For those who love travel, particularly (particular) rail travel, China is a can’t-miss place.
②I am interested in novels in general, detective novels in particular.
③She is very particular about/over what she eats, otherwise she would not be so thin.
2.单句写作
如果你介绍一下你的学校，尤其是课外活动，我将不胜感激。( appreciate，particular)
I would appreciate it if you introduce your school, after-class activities in particular.
▲★7. prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡
【用法归纳】
prevent... (from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing. 进一步治疗将预防癌症恶化。
His foot injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game.他的脚伤可能让他明天不能进行比赛。
【拓展】
(1)与“prevent...(from) doing sth.”意义相近的短语还有：
stop... (from) doing sth. keep... from doing sth.
(2) prevention n.预防，防范
Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于补救。
【注意】以上短语用于主动语态时，prevent... from doing sth.与stop... from doing sth.中的from可省略，keep... from doing sth.中的from不能省略；用于被动语态时，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。
We are prevented/ stopped/ kept by the frightening sandstorm from going to school. 可怕的沙尘暴使我们无法去上学。
【练习】1.语法填空
①(2020·吉林长春市第二中学月考) The WHO urged that measures should be taken to prevent COVID-19 spreading (spread).
②Social attention should be paid to preventing our earth from pollution/being polluted (pollute).
2.完成句子
谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。(carry out)
No one can prevent/ stop the plan (from) being carried out 或 keep the plan from being carried out.
★8. relief
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [U](焦虑痛苦等的)减轻，缓和，消除
relief from/of... ……的减轻/消除
Those who suffer from headaches will find they get relief from pain with this medicine.
那些患有头痛的人会发现这种药物会减轻疼痛。
Listening to music is a good way to help us get some relief from study pressure.
听音乐是帮助我们缓解学习压力的一种好方法。
(2)n. [U, sing.] (不快过后的)宽慰，轻松，解脱
in/ with relief 如释重负，松了口气
to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是；令某人轻松的是
It is a relief to... ……是让人欣慰/轻松的事。
When he knew he had passed the examination, he smiled in relief. 当他知道他通过了那场考试时，他如释重负地笑了。
Much to our relief/ To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.使我们非常欣慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。
It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和别人谈谈这件事，(我)感到舒心多了。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
relive vt. 减轻，缓和
relieve one’s pain/pressure减轻某人的痛苦/压力
relieve sb. of sth. 帮助某人减轻(负担)
relieve sb. of their post/duties/command解除某人的职务/职责/指挥权
This cream should help to relieve the pain. 这种药膏应有助于止痛。
【练习】语法填空
①The drug cannot cure your disease at all. It can only provide temporary relief of/from pain.
②Hearing the news, Della burst into laughter in/with relief.
③ To our relief, most children have access to good education.
▲★9. amount
【用法归纳】
(1)n.[C,U]数量，数额；金额
a large/great/good/ small amount of + 不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式)
large/ small amounts of + 不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
the amount of + 不可数名词 ……的总数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
A large amount of money was spent on the project.(= Large amounts of money were spent on the project.)
这项工程花费了大量金钱。
The amount of money invested in health care is increasing. 投入医疗保健方面的资金正在增加。
(2)vi.总计，共计
amount to共计，总
His monthly earnings amount to about 3,000 dollars.他的月收入总计约为3000美元。
【拓展】“许多，大量”的其他表达法：
a good great many
(1) a large/great number of +可数名词复数(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
quite a few
(2) many a(n)+可数名词单数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(3) a great/ good deal of+不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(4) a lot of/ lots of /plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据of后的名词来确定)
(5)a large quantity of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据of后的名词来确定)
large quantities of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
【练习】语法填空
①Large amounts of my pocket money were (be)spent buying new books last year.
②A great amount of homework has (have)to be done every day, so large quantities of students’ time are (be) occupied.
③A great many college students were (be) sent to help the children there last month.
④A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake were (be) sent to live with families in other cities yesterday.
▲★10. satisfaction n.[U,C] 满意，满足，令人满意(或欣慰)的事
【用法归纳】
to one’s satisfaction= to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction满意地
To her satisfaction, her daughter made great progress.令她满意的是，她的女儿取得了很大的进步。
Much to my satisfaction, my boss agreed to my suggestion.令我非常满意的是，我的老板同意了我的建议。
They watched our performance with satisfaction.他们满意地观看了我们的演出。
Playing tennis is one of his greatest satisfactions. 打网球是他最大的乐事之一。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
satisfy vt．使满意→satisfaction n．满意，满足，令人满意的事→satisfying adj．令人满意(或满足)的→satisfied adj．满意的，满足的
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
[语境串记]The result of the experiment was very satisfying. Not only did we feel satisfied with it, but our teacher looked at us with satisfaction. 实验结果让人很满意。不仅我们对其很满意，而且我们的老师也满意地看着我们。
【练习】
1.用 satisfy的适当形式填空
①As far as he is concerned, having disability doesn’t mean his life is not satisfying/ satisfactory .
②Much to the customers’ satisfaction , the company is trying to satisfy their needs/
*③Hearing the good news, he had a satisfied look on his face.
2.语法填空
① To the satisfaction of the manager, there are so many people who are satisfied with their products.
②Although it had been a struggle for him to finish the experiment, he enjoyed the result with satisfaction.
重点句型分析
1. My friend suggested I should try long-distance running. 我朋友建议我试试长跑。
【用法归纳】suggest后接宾语从句的用法
(1) suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中 should可以省略。
Experts suggest that teenagers (should) spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week.
专家建议，青少年每周应该锻炼5次，每次至少30分钟。
(2) suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，其后所接的宾语从句用陈述语气。
Her expression suggested that she had told a lie.她的表情表明她撒了个谎。
【练习】语法填空
①(全国Ⅱ卷短文改错改编)Some classmates suggest we (should) go (go) to places of interest nearby. I think that it is a good idea.
②Medical research has suggested that laughing is (be) a good way to reduce stress and help people feel good.
2. As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
常言道，任何运动总比没有好，不过长跑尤其有许多好处。
【句式剖析】“As people often say”为As引导的非限制性定语从句，其中As代替后面的整个主句，表示“正如”。
【考点提炼】as引导的非限制性定语从句
(1)as用作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”，as在从句中作主语或宾语，其从句的位置比较灵活，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
As Victor Hugo once said,“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.”
正如维克多·雨果曾说的：“笑声如阳光，驱走人们脸上的寒冷冬意。”(As在从句中作宾语，指代的是“Laughter is... the human face”)
As is known to all, the famous American writer, Mark Twain, wrote many humorous stores.众所周知，著名的美国作家马克·吐温写了很多幽默的故事。(As在从句中作主语，指代的是“the famous American writer……stories”)
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下搭配
as is known to all(= as we all know)众所周知 as you can see如你所见
as everybody knows正如每个人所了解的那样 as is reported如报道所说
as is mentioned above正如以上所提到的
As we all know, Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。
【练习】完成句子
1.众所周知，在家吃饭比在餐馆吃饭健康得多，花销也更低。
As we all know/As is known to all , eating at home is much healthier and less costly than eating in a restaurant.
2.(2020·天津耀华中学期中)正如以上所提到的，高中生的数量在增加。
As is mentioned above , the number of senior high school students is increasing.
3.正如你所看到的，孩子们很受激励，也满怀热情地去阅读所有这些书。
As you can see , the children are really encouraged, and they are also enthusiastic about reading all of these books.
3. It’s never too late to start getting into running and exercising—after all, as the saying goes,“everything is possible!”
开始跑步和锻炼永远不会晚——毕竟，正如俗话所说，“一切皆有可能!”
【句式剖析】It’s never too late... exercising为“too...to...”结构，且此处“too...to...”结构前有表示否定意义的词never，表达肯定意义。
【考点提炼】“too...to...”结构表示肯定意义的情况
“too...to...”结构在多数情况下表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。但在下列情况中表示肯定意义：
(1)too前面有not, never等表示否定意义的词时。
It’s never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
(2)too后跟 ready, eager, willing, pleased, glad等表示积极的心情、心理活动、心理状态的形容词时。
He is too eager to know the result of the examination.他非常渴望知道考试结果。
I am too glad to go to the movies with you.我很高兴跟你一起去看电影。
【练习】单句写作(“too...to...”结构)
①这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。The box is too heavy for me to carry.
②我非常乐意帮助你学英语。I am too pleased to help you with your English.
③你过马路时越小心越好。You can’t be too careful to cross the street.
基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：20分钟
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1. Mrs Jones agreed to operate on her right knee to relieve the pain.
2.(2020·江苏东台期末) a study found that a short burst of exercise in the fresh air could bring benefits to mental health too.
3. By the time we climbed to the top of the hill, we had been covered in sweat .
4. They’d chosen a(n) awkward (令人尴尬的) time to call as I’d just got into the bath.
5. What a particular/specific (特定的) people like to eat can tell us a lot about their country’s geography, history and traditions.
6. Difficulties strengthen (使强健) the mind, as labour does the body.
7. He asked various technical questions, which I answered to his satisfaction (满意).
8. He struggled to swim against the flow (流动) of the water.
9. In my opinion, our government should take timely and effective measures to prevent (阻止) further pollution of this river.
10. I remember being paid for the job, but I forget the extra amount (数额).
11. There are also more health risks for left-handed workers use dangerous equipment (设备) or tools designed for right-handed.
12. The engineer is thought to be capable (能力强的)and modest, so his promotion to manager is widely accepted.
13. All of those who received the treatment experienced pain relief (缓解)
14. Learning a language isn’t easy. It takes time, and there is no shortcut (捷径).
15. You can succeed if you set a(n) achievable (可完成的) target and stick to it.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Going for a walk and playing a game with your kids can both be really great exercise to strengthen (strength) your close relationships.
2. It came as a great relief (relieve) to the parents that their son finally came back safe and sound.
3. I think reading is one of the most beneficial (benefit) and practical activities that a man can do.
4. The reason why her son is always thin is that he is particular about/over what he eats.
5. Most children need encouragement in the face of failure so that they can cheer up again.
6. In the past twenty years, a huge amount of environmental damage has been caused (cause)by air pollution.
7. As is reported, Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province aims to be an example of green, creative and high-quality development.
8. Large amounts of water have been polluted (pollute) in the past five years.
9. Experts suggest that young parents (should) spend (spend) some time to communicate with their children instead of focusing on their phones.
三、完成句子
1. 众所周知，鲸不是鱼而是哺乳动物。
As is known to all/ As we all know , a whale is not a fish but a mammal.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
2. 做完饭后检查煤气是否已被关掉再小心也不为过。(“否定词+too...to...”表肯定意义)
You can never be too careful to check whether the gas has been turned off after cooking.
3. (2020·江苏省苏州实验中学月考)令我欣慰的是，她遵从医嘱并从病痛中恢复了。
To my relief , she followed the doctor’s advice and recovered from the illness. (relief)
4. 垃圾分类有利于环保，但要大规模推广还需克服许多难题。(beneficial)
Garbage classification is beneficial to environmental protection, but there are still many problems to overcome if it is to be carried out on a large scale.
5. —你对考试成绩满意吗
—非常满意。这是我最好的成绩了。
—Are you content with the result of the exam
—Not a little. I can’t have a better one.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
6. 工厂的噪声如此大，以至于我无法入睡。
The noise from the factory was so loud that it prevented me (from) sleeping (prevent).
综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间:15分钟
一、课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As people often say, any exercise is (1) better (good) than none, but long-distance running (2) in particular, has a lot of (3) benefits (benefit). It’s a great sport for beginners—you don’t need a gym membership or any special equipment. Keep it up and you will see (4) what you are capable of. (5) Running (run) will help you get fit and prevent diseases. It also (6) strengthens (strength) your immune system and reduce (7) the risk of serious health
problems, as well as more common illnesses. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer (8) themselves (them) up. If you are new to running, it’s important (9) to warm (warm) up and cool down (10) properly (proper) before and after running.
二、七选五阅读
Teenagers have their own thoughts and act like they know almost anything. However，in reality they don’t have much experience. So it’s not easy when you have to deal with these difficult teenagers.____1____
·Keep calm
It is easy for difficult teenagers to make you lose control and act improperly.____2____When you feel angry or challenged by a teen，take a deep breath and count slowly to ten，and then deal with the problem after you become calm again.
·Set up clear boundaries(界限)
Since most teenagers want to experience greater independence and selfhood，some will challenge you in order to test their power. It’s very important to set boundaries.____3____The first boundary in almost any situation is that you will be treated with respect. In addition to respect，there may also be a list of family，classroom，or team ground rules.
·Pay attention to the leader
Many teachers know that when they face a group of difficult students in class，it’s not necessary to deal with every student.____4____Another management skill is to separate challenging persons so that they’re less likely to form a group and feed off each other.
·Show understanding
____5____Say to yourself with some humor and then get on with your business.
A. The first rule is to keep calm.
B. Below are keys to deal with them.
C. Make use of useful communication.
D. At worst this may make you the other side.
E. When a teenager is in difficulty，show understanding.
F. Useful boundaries are those which are fair and reasonable.
G. Usually，by dealing with the leader，the rest of the group will follow.
答案：BAFGEUnit2 Lesson3
1．relieve vt．减轻；缓解→relief n．减轻；缓解
2．strengthen vt．&vi．(使)强健→strength n．长处，优势，力量→ strong adj．强壮的
3．particular n．尤其，特别；adj. 特定的→ particularly adv. 尤其；特别
4．benefit n．好处，益处 vt. 有益于；得益→beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的
5．equipment n．配备，设备→equip vt．装配，配置→equipped adj．装配好的
6．prevent vt．预防；阻止，阻挡→ prevention n．预防；防止；防范
7． achievable adj. 可完成的；做得成的→ achieve v．实现；完成；成功
8．satisfaction n．满意，满足→satisfy v．使满意→satisfying adj．令人满意(或满足)的→satisfied adj．满意的
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词 ▲高频词
★1. strengthen vi. &vt. 加强，增强，巩固
【用法归纳】
Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years. 我们的友谊逐年加深了。
The wind strengthened during the night.夜里风力更大了。
【构词法】
【拓展】相关词语积累：
strength n.[U,sing.]力气，体力；[C]优势
build up one’s strength增强某人的力量
strengths and weaknesses优势和劣势，长处和短处
【练习】语法填空
①(2018·全国Ⅰ卷语法填空节选)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes.
②Knowing your strengths (strength) and weaknesses will help you achieve your dreams.
③The same boiling water will soften (soft) the potato and harden (hard) the egg.
[高频短语]2. cheer up
【用法归纳】cheer up意为“(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来”，可用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。具体用法如下：
(1) cheer sb. up/ cheer up sb.使某人振作起来，使某人高兴起来
When I’m feeling sad, my mother often tells me funny stories to cheer me up.
当我感到难过时，我的母亲经常给我讲有趣的故事使我高兴起来。
(2) cheer up (单独使用)高兴起来，振作起来
I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 打起精神来!这个消息还不算太坏。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1) cheer vi. &vt. 欢呼，喝彩；vt. 鼓舞n.[C]欢呼声，喝彩声
cheer sb. on (赛跑、比赛等中)为某人加油
(2) cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的
【练习】
1.语法填空
①He was feeling a bit low, so I did my best to cheer him up .
②“I’ll do everything I can to help you，”she said with a cheerful (cheer) grin(露齿的笑).
③The game is about to start. I will go to cheer our team on .
2. 结合 cheer的用法完成句子
亲爱的，振作起来吧!事情不会像你想的那么糟糕。你会有机会的!
Cheer up ，dear! Things won’t be as bad as you think. There will be chances for you!
3. be fed up with
【用法归纳】be fed up with意为“受够了；厌烦；饱受”，with后接宾语。
He has eaten so many eggs since his childhood that he is fed up with them now.
他从小吃了太多鸡蛋以至于现在厌烦它们了。
【拓展】“厌烦”的其他表达法：
be/ get bored with be/ get tired of be/ get sick of
She had begun to be a little bored with novel writing.她开始对写小说有些厌倦了。
I am sick of being treated as a child since I have been over 18. 我已经厌倦被当作小孩子了，因为我已经超过18岁了。
【练习】语法填空
①The film was so boring that soon all the audience in the cinema gradually got bored with it and went out one by one.
②“Lost time will never be found again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself because I was fed up with being lazy.
③They don’t want to live in the city any more, because they are sick of the noise, the dirt and the crowded streets, trains and buses of the city.
▲★4. equipment n.[U]设备，器材；装备
【用法归纳】 a piece of equipment 一件设备
The store sells tents and other camping equipment.这家商店出售帐篷和其他的野营装备。
We need a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen. 我们需要一件有用的厨房设备。
After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.实验室发生火灾后，许多设备都被毁坏了。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
equip (equipped, equipped)vt. 装备，配备；使有所准备，使有能力
equip sb. /sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物
be equipped with 装备有，配备有
be equipped for... 对……有准备
They equipped themselves with the best tools and set off for the forest.他们装备上最好的工具便出发去森林了。
She was fully equipped for the climb.她装备齐全，准备登山。
【练习】
1.语法填空
(2020·北京东城区期末) The new set of equipment (equip) is expected to speed up the production process.
2.结合 equip的用法完成句子
①所有乘客都配备反光背心和安全灯。
All passengers are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
②他们为这项新任务做好了充分的准备。
They are fully equipped for the new task.
▲★5. benefit
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [U,C]益处，优势
for the benefit of sb.(= for sb’s benefit)为了某人的利益，为帮助某人
be of (great) benefit to... 对……(很)有益
to sb’s benefit对某人有利
I’m a great believer in the benefits of this form of therapy.我对这种疗法的益处深信不疑。
All donations are used for the benefit of disabled children.所有的捐款都用于帮助残疾儿童。
This measure is of great benefit to the improvement of the environment. 此项措施对改善环境大有裨益。
If we take these measures, I’m sure it is greatly to our benefit.如果我们采取这些措施，我肯定这对我们大有裨益。
(2)vt. 对(某人)有用，使受益；vi.得益于，得利于
benefit by/from... 得益于……
The book benefits John, and John benefits from the book.这本书对约翰有益，约翰从这本书中受益。
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
如果没有托马斯·爱迪生，现在我们从中受益的很多东西都不会存在。(江苏高考)
【拓展】相关词语积累：
beneficial adj. 有裨益的，有利的，有用的
be beneficial to... 对……有益
Vitamins are beneficial to our health. 维生素对我们的健康有益。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(2020·黑龙江大庆实验中学段考)Building a new railway is beneficial (benefit) to the development of the local place in the long run.
②(2020·上海市进才中学期末)When you benefit from/by making the most of your time, you will pay more attention to time management.
③(2020·河北石家庄精英中学调研) My mother has a balanced diet, which is of great benefit to her health.
2.一句多译
(2020·山东泰安一中期中)这场雨对庄稼(crop)大有好处。
①The rain benefit the crops greatly.
②The rain is of great benefit to the crops.
③The rain is highly beneficial to the crops.
6. in particular
【用法归纳】
(1)尤其，特别。相当于 especially, particularly
I noticed his eyes in particular, because they are very big.我特别注意到了他的眼睛，因为它们很大。
It was a good concert and I enjoyed the last song in particular. 这是一场不错的音乐会，我尤其喜欢最后的那首歌。
(2)特殊的，专门的，具体的
Is there anything in particular you’d like for dinner 晚饭你有什么具体想吃的吗
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1) particular adj.特别的；讲究，挑剔
be particular about/over…对……挑剔/讲究
The designer is very particular about the colours he uses.这位设计师对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。
(2) particularly adv.特别，尤其(相当于 in particular，但两者在句中的位置不同)
I like all the four seasons, particularly spring. I like all the four seasons, spring in particular.
四个季节我都喜欢，尤其喜欢春季。
[语境串记]Betty is very particular about food. However, she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular because her grandma is particularly good at cooking. 贝蒂对食物很挑剔。然而，她特别喜欢(吃)她奶奶做的饭，因为她的奶奶特别擅长做饭。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①For those who love travel, particularly (particular) rail travel, China is a can’t-miss place.
②I am interested in novels in general, detective novels in particular.
③She is very particular about/over what she eats, otherwise she would not be so thin.
2.单句写作
如果你介绍一下你的学校，尤其是课外活动，我将不胜感激。( appreciate，particular)
I would appreciate it if you introduce your school, after-class activities in particular.
▲★7. prevent vt.预防；阻止，阻挡
【用法归纳】
prevent... (from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事
Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing. 进一步治疗将预防癌症恶化。
His foot injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game.他的脚伤可能让他明天不能进行比赛。
【拓展】
(1)与“prevent...(from) doing sth.”意义相近的短语还有：
stop... (from) doing sth. keep... from doing sth.
(2) prevention n.预防，防范
Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于补救。
【注意】以上短语用于主动语态时，prevent... from doing sth.与stop... from doing sth.中的from可省略，keep... from doing sth.中的from不能省略；用于被动语态时，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。
We are prevented/ stopped/ kept by the frightening sandstorm from going to school. 可怕的沙尘暴使我们无法去上学。
【练习】1.语法填空
①(2020·吉林长春市第二中学月考) The WHO urged that measures should be taken to prevent COVID-19 spreading (spread).
②Social attention should be paid to preventing our earth from pollution/being polluted (pollute).
2.完成句子
谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。(carry out)
No one can prevent/ stop the plan (from) being carried out 或 keep the plan from being carried out.
★8. relief
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [U](焦虑痛苦等的)减轻，缓和，消除
relief from/of... ……的减轻/消除
Those who suffer from headaches will find they get relief from pain with this medicine.
那些患有头痛的人会发现这种药物会减轻疼痛。
Listening to music is a good way to help us get some relief from study pressure.
听音乐是帮助我们缓解学习压力的一种好方法。
(2)n. [U, sing.] (不快过后的)宽慰，轻松，解脱
in/ with relief 如释重负，松了口气
to one’s relief 使某人欣慰的是；令某人轻松的是
It is a relief to... ……是让人欣慰/轻松的事。
When he knew he had passed the examination, he smiled in relief. 当他知道他通过了那场考试时，他如释重负地笑了。
Much to our relief/ To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.使我们非常欣慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。
It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和别人谈谈这件事，(我)感到舒心多了。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
relive vt. 减轻，缓和
relieve one’s pain/pressure减轻某人的痛苦/压力
relieve sb. of sth. 帮助某人减轻(负担)
relieve sb. of their post/duties/command解除某人的职务/职责/指挥权
This cream should help to relieve the pain. 这种药膏应有助于止痛。
【练习】语法填空
①The drug cannot cure your disease at all. It can only provide temporary relief of/from pain.
②Hearing the news, Della burst into laughter in/with relief.
③ To our relief, most children have access to good education.
▲★9. amount
【用法归纳】
(1)n.[C,U]数量，数额；金额
a large/great/good/ small amount of + 不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式)
large/ small amounts of + 不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
the amount of + 不可数名词 ……的总数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
A large amount of money was spent on the project.(= Large amounts of money were spent on the project.)
这项工程花费了大量金钱。
The amount of money invested in health care is increasing. 投入医疗保健方面的资金正在增加。
(2)vi.总计，共计
amount to共计，总
His monthly earnings amount to about 3,000 dollars.他的月收入总计约为3000美元。
【拓展】“许多，大量”的其他表达法：
a good great many
(1) a large/great number of +可数名词复数(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
quite a few
(2) many a(n)+可数名词单数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(3) a great/ good deal of+不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(4) a lot of/ lots of /plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据of后的名词来确定)
(5)a large quantity of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据of后的名词来确定)
large quantities of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 (作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
【练习】语法填空
①Large amounts of my pocket money were (be)spent buying new books last year.
②A great amount of homework has (have)to be done every day, so large quantities of students’ time are (be) occupied.
③A great many college students were (be) sent to help the children there last month.
④A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake were (be) sent to live with families in other cities yesterday.
▲★10. satisfaction n.[U,C] 满意，满足，令人满意(或欣慰)的事
【用法归纳】
to one’s satisfaction= to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction满意地
To her satisfaction, her daughter made great progress.令她满意的是，她的女儿取得了很大的进步。
Much to my satisfaction, my boss agreed to my suggestion.令我非常满意的是，我的老板同意了我的建议。
They watched our performance with satisfaction.他们满意地观看了我们的演出。
Playing tennis is one of his greatest satisfactions. 打网球是他最大的乐事之一。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
satisfy vt．使满意→satisfaction n．满意，满足，令人满意的事→satisfying adj．令人满意(或满足)的→satisfied adj．满意的，满足的
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
[语境串记]The result of the experiment was very satisfying. Not only did we feel satisfied with it, but our teacher looked at us with satisfaction. 实验结果让人很满意。不仅我们对其很满意，而且我们的老师也满意地看着我们。
【练习】
1.用 satisfy的适当形式填空
①As far as he is concerned, having disability doesn’t mean his life is not satisfying/ satisfactory .
②Much to the customers’ satisfaction , the company is trying to satisfy their needs/
*③Hearing the good news, he had a satisfied look on his face.
2.语法填空
① To the satisfaction of the manager, there are so many people who are satisfied with their products.
②Although it had been a struggle for him to finish the experiment, he enjoyed the result with satisfaction.
重点句型分析
1. My friend suggested I should try long-distance running. 我朋友建议我试试长跑。
【用法归纳】suggest后接宾语从句的用法
(1) suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中 should可以省略。
Experts suggest that teenagers (should) spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week.
专家建议，青少年每周应该锻炼5次，每次至少30分钟。
(2) suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，其后所接的宾语从句用陈述语气。
Her expression suggested that she had told a lie.她的表情表明她撒了个谎。
【练习】语法填空
①(全国Ⅱ卷短文改错改编)Some classmates suggest we (should) go (go) to places of interest nearby. I think that it is a good idea.
②Medical research has suggested that laughing is (be) a good way to reduce stress and help people feel good.
2. As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
常言道，任何运动总比没有好，不过长跑尤其有许多好处。
【句式剖析】“As people often say”为As引导的非限制性定语从句，其中As代替后面的整个主句，表示“正如”。
【考点提炼】as引导的非限制性定语从句
(1)as用作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”，as在从句中作主语或宾语，其从句的位置比较灵活，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
As Victor Hugo once said,“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.”
正如维克多·雨果曾说的：“笑声如阳光，驱走人们脸上的寒冷冬意。”(As在从句中作宾语，指代的是“Laughter is... the human face”)
As is known to all, the famous American writer, Mark Twain, wrote many humorous stores.众所周知，著名的美国作家马克·吐温写了很多幽默的故事。(As在从句中作主语，指代的是“the famous American writer……stories”)
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下搭配
as is known to all(= as we all know)众所周知 as you can see如你所见
as everybody knows正如每个人所了解的那样 as is reported如报道所说
as is mentioned above正如以上所提到的
As we all know, Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。
【练习】完成句子
1.众所周知，在家吃饭比在餐馆吃饭健康得多，花销也更低。
As we all know/As is known to all , eating at home is much healthier and less costly than eating in a restaurant.
2.(2020·天津耀华中学期中)正如以上所提到的，高中生的数量在增加。
As is mentioned above , the number of senior high school students is increasing.
3.正如你所看到的，孩子们很受激励，也满怀热情地去阅读所有这些书。
As you can see , the children are really encouraged, and they are also enthusiastic about reading all of these books.
3. It’s never too late to start getting into running and exercising—after all, as the saying goes,“everything is possible!”
开始跑步和锻炼永远不会晚——毕竟，正如俗话所说，“一切皆有可能!”
【句式剖析】It’s never too late... exercising为“too...to...”结构，且此处“too...to...”结构前有表示否定意义的词never，表达肯定意义。
【考点提炼】“too...to...”结构表示肯定意义的情况
“too...to...”结构在多数情况下表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。但在下列情况中表示肯定意义：
(1)too前面有not, never等表示否定意义的词时。
It’s never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。
(2)too后跟 ready, eager, willing, pleased, glad等表示积极的心情、心理活动、心理状态的形容词时。
He is too eager to know the result of the examination.他非常渴望知道考试结果。
I am too glad to go to the movies with you.我很高兴跟你一起去看电影。
【练习】单句写作(“too...to...”结构)
①这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。The box is too heavy for me to carry.
②我非常乐意帮助你学英语。I am too pleased to help you with your English.
③你过马路时越小心越好。You can’t be too careful to cross the street.
基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：20分钟
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1. Mrs Jones agreed to operate on her right knee to relieve the pain.
2.(2020·江苏东台期末) a study found that a short burst of exercise in the fresh air could bring benefits to mental health too.
3. By the time we climbed to the top of the hill, we had been covered in sweat .
4. They’d chosen a(n) awkward (令人尴尬的) time to call as I’d just got into the bath.
5. What a particular/specific (特定的) people like to eat can tell us a lot about their country’s geography, history and traditions.
6. Difficulties strengthen (使强健) the mind, as labour does the body.
7. He asked various technical questions, which I answered to his satisfaction (满意).
8. He struggled to swim against the flow (流动) of the water.
9. In my opinion, our government should take timely and effective measures to prevent (阻止) further pollution of this river.
10. I remember being paid for the job, but I forget the extra amount (数额).
11. There are also more health risks for left-handed workers use dangerous equipment (设备) or tools designed for right-handed.
12. The engineer is thought to be capable (能力强的)and modest, so his promotion to manager is widely accepted.
13. All of those who received the treatment experienced pain relief (缓解)
14. Learning a language isn’t easy. It takes time, and there is no shortcut (捷径).
15. You can succeed if you set a(n) achievable (可完成的) target and stick to it.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Going for a walk and playing a game with your kids can both be really great exercise to strengthen (strength) your close relationships.
2. It came as a great relief (relieve) to the parents that their son finally came back safe and sound.
3. I think reading is one of the most beneficial (benefit) and practical activities that a man can do.
4. The reason why her son is always thin is that he is particular about/over what he eats.
5. Most children need encouragement in the face of failure so that they can cheer up again.
6. In the past twenty years, a huge amount of environmental damage has been caused (cause)by air pollution.
7. As is reported, Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province aims to be an example of green, creative and high-quality development.
8. Large amounts of water have been polluted (pollute) in the past five years.
9. Experts suggest that young parents (should) spend (spend) some time to communicate with their children instead of focusing on their phones.
三、完成句子
1. 众所周知，鲸不是鱼而是哺乳动物。
As is known to all/ As we all know , a whale is not a fish but a mammal.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
2. 做完饭后检查煤气是否已被关掉再小心也不为过。(“否定词+too...to...”表肯定意义)
You can never be too careful to check whether the gas has been turned off after cooking.
3. (2020·江苏省苏州实验中学月考)令我欣慰的是，她遵从医嘱并从病痛中恢复了。
To my relief , she followed the doctor’s advice and recovered from the illness. (relief)
4. 垃圾分类有利于环保，但要大规模推广还需克服许多难题。(beneficial)
Garbage classification is beneficial to environmental protection, but there are still many problems to overcome if it is to be carried out on a large scale.
5. —你对考试成绩满意吗
—非常满意。这是我最好的成绩了。
—Are you content with the result of the exam
—Not a little. I can’t have a better one.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
6. 工厂的噪声如此大，以至于我无法入睡。
The noise from the factory was so loud that it prevented me (from) sleeping (prevent).
综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间:15分钟
一、课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As people often say, any exercise is (1) better (good) than none, but long-distance running (2) in particular, has a lot of (3) benefits (benefit). It’s a great sport for beginners—you don’t need a gym membership or any special equipment. Keep it up and you will see (4) what you are capable of. (5) Running (run) will help you get fit and prevent diseases. It also (6) strengthens (strength) your immune system and reduce (7) the risk of serious health
problems, as well as more common illnesses. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer (8) themselves (them) up. If you are new to running, it’s important (9) to warm (warm) up and cool down (10) properly (proper) before and after running.
二、七选五阅读
Teenagers have their own thoughts and act like they know almost anything. However，in reality they don’t have much experience. So it’s not easy when you have to deal with these difficult teenagers.____1____
·Keep calm
It is easy for difficult teenagers to make you lose control and act improperly.____2____When you feel angry or challenged by a teen，take a deep breath and count slowly to ten，and then deal with the problem after you become calm again.
·Set up clear boundaries(界限)
Since most teenagers want to experience greater independence and selfhood，some will challenge you in order to test their power. It’s very important to set boundaries.____3____The first boundary in almost any situation is that you will be treated with respect. In addition to respect，there may also be a list of family，classroom，or team ground rules.
·Pay attention to the leader
Many teachers know that when they face a group of difficult students in class，it’s not necessary to deal with every student.____4____Another management skill is to separate challenging persons so that they’re less likely to form a group and feed off each other.
·Show understanding
____5____Say to yourself with some humor and then get on with your business.
A. The first rule is to keep calm.
B. Below are keys to deal with them.
C. Make use of useful communication.
D. At worst this may make you the other side.
E. When a teenager is in difficulty，show understanding.
F. Useful boundaries are those which are fair and reasonable.
G. Usually，by dealing with the leader，the rest of the group will follow.
答案：BAFGE
