Unit1 Lesson1
1．voluntary adj．志愿的；服务的；自愿的→voluntarily adj.自愿地，主动地→volunteer n．[C]志愿者 v．自愿做，义务做
2．various adj．各种各样的；多种(类型)的→vary v．使变化；变化→variety n．[C, U]多样性；种类
3．convenient adj．方便的，便利的→convenience n．[U]方便；适宜；便利
4．addict n．[C]对……着迷的人→addiction n．[U]瘾
5．distance n．[C, U]距离，间距→distant adj．遥远的
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词 ▲高频词
▲★1.chat
【用法归纳】
(1)vi. 聊天，闲聊
chat with/ to sb. 与某人闲聊
chat about sth. 闲聊某事
He returned to the room several hours later, and stayed there to chat with Jack for a while.
几个小时后，他回到了房间，并待在那儿和杰克闲聊了一会儿。
We met occasionally to chat about the good old days at school.
我们偶尔相聚，畅谈往昔上学时的大好时光。
(2)n. [C]聊天，闲谈。
have a chat with sb. (about sth.) 与某人闲聊(某事)
She said she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. 她说她要路过巴黎，想跟我聊一聊。
【练习】语法填空
①In this day and age, you can do many things with the help of the Internet. While chatting with/ to a stranger may seem new and exciting, make sure that you stay safe while having fun.
②The couple chatted about their happy time in London on their way home yesterday.
③Great! I would like to visit him and have a chat with him about my new plan.
2.voluntary
【用法归纳】
to do voluntary work做志愿工作
There are many ways in which you can do voluntary work. 做志愿工作的方法有很多。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1) voluntarily adj.自愿地，主动地
(2) volunteer
①vi. & vt.自愿(做某事)，自告奋勇
volunteer to do sth. 自愿/主动提出做某事
According to the research, people feel good when they volunteer to do something meaningful for other people.
根据这次研究，人们自愿为他人做些有意义的事情时感觉良好。
②n.[C]志愿者，义务工作者
Volunteers learn a lot and enjoy themselves into the bargain.
志愿者在学到很多东西的同时还能得到乐趣。
[语境串记]As a volunteer, he often does voluntary work, and he thinks it’s his responsibility to volunteer to help those people in need. 作为一名志愿者，他经常做志愿工作，他认为自愿帮助那些需要帮助的人是他的责任。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①Over the last 30 years, the number of people taking part in voluntary (volunteer)work has increased sharply.
②My neighbors volunteered to take (take) care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
2.完成句子
①从公司退休后，她为一家慈善机构做志愿工作。
Since retiring from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity. (voluntary)
②她现在作为一名志愿者每周在当地一所学校帮忙3天。
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.(volunteer)
▲★3.native
【用法归纳】
(1)n. 本地人；出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地的动物(或植物)
a native of... ……本地人；原产于……的动物（或植物）
Li Ming is a native of Beijing. 李明是北京人。
The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。
You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives. 游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。
(2)adj. 本地的；出生地的；原产于某地的，土产的
native land/ country/ language/ speaker 故乡/祖国/母语/母语使用者
be native to... 原产于……
Her native language is Korean. 她的母语是朝鲜语。
The panda is native to China. 大熊猫原产于中国。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①—Are you a native of this town
—No. I was born in New York, but this is Where I grew up.
②Nearly 15, 000 plant species are native to Yunnan Province.
2.单句写作
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。(native)
China is our native country and Chinese is our native language .
★4.range
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [C, usually sing.]系列；范围，界限；[C]山脉
a wide range of 一系列/各种各样的
out of/ beyond range (of sth.) 超出(……的)范围
There is a wide range of opinions on this issue. 在这个问题上，存在着很多不同的意见。
The house is well beyond our price range. 这所房子远远超出了我们能承受的价格范围。
Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间，有一条叫作阿尔卑斯的山脉。
(2)vi. (在一定的范围内)变动，变化；包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物；vt.(按一定位置或顺序)排列
range from...to... 在从……到……的范围内变动
He has a number of interests, ranging from playing chess to swimming.他有很多爱好，从下棋到游泳。
Cups and plates were neatly ranged on her shelves杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。
【练习】
1.语法填空
The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
2.用 range的相关短语完成句子
①这是一项在工业上有广泛应用的新发明。
This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications in industry.
②这款车的价格从三万美元到五万美元不等。很明显这款车超出了他能承受的价格范围。
The prices of the car range from 30,000 dollars to 50,000 dollars. Obviously, it is out of/beyond his price range .
▲★5. various
【用法归纳】
various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
They have found various ways to meet this need. 他们已经找到了多种不同的方法来满足这一需要。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
variety n.变化；多种式样，(同一事物的)不同种类
a variety of/ varieties of + n.= various+n. 各种各样的……
【练习】
1.语法填空
There are various (variety) things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.
2.结合variety的用法完成句子
这家博物馆有种类繁多的独特的收藏品，每天吸引着大量的参观者。
The museum owns various/a variety of /varieties of unique collections, attracting a number of visitors every day.
▲★6.convenient
【用法归纳】
convenient adj.方便的，便利的；近便的，容易到达的
It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人而言)做某事方便。
... is convenient for sb./sth. ……对某人/某物来说是方便的
...is convenient for/to... ……到……近便
It is very convenient for me to pay by credit card.我用信用卡付款很方便。
Is three o’clock convenient for you 3点钟你方便吗
Our house is very convenient for the children’s school. 我们家到孩子的学校很近。
【注意】convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用物作主语或用it充当形式主语。表达“如果你方便的话”时，应用“if it is convenient for you”。表达“在你方便的时候”时，应用“when it is convenient for you”。
当你方便的时候,我们和你的家人一起出去野餐吧。
【误】Let’s go out and have a picnic with your family when you are convenient.
【正】Let’s go out and have a picnic with your family when it is convenient for you.
[语境串记]I bought this apartment for convenience, because it is very convenient for the bus stations and it has a lot of conveniences. 我买这套公寓是为了方便，因为它离公共汽车站很近，也有很多便利设施。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(2020·天津河北区模考) Would it be convenient (convenience) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport
②We can meet to discuss this matter future at your convenience.
2.结合 convenient的用法完成句子
①如果方便的话，请帮我在面包房买点面包。
If it is convenient for you , please help to buy some bread for me in the bakery.
②我们学校的实验室有一流的科学设备，所以做实验很方便。
We have first-class scientific equipment in our school lab. so it is very convenient to do experiments.
③这个小镇离机场很近。
The town is very convenient for/to the airport.
▲★7. quality
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [C,U]质量，品质
of good/ high/ poor quality质量好/优/低劣(常作表语和后置定语)
quantity of life 生活质量
Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life .每个人都可以大大改善生活质量。
This model is of good/ high quality, but it’s too expensive. 这个型号质量好，但它太贵了。
(2)n. [C] (尤指好的)人品，素质，品德
He has a lot of good qualities but being organized isn’t one of them.他有许多优秀品质，可就是缺乏条理性。
(3)n. [C,U特征，特色，特质
One quality of this new material is that it is unbreakable.这种新材料的一个特点是它牢不可破。
【练习】判断下列句子中 quality的含义
①China is making great efforts to develop its economy so as to improve the quality of people’s lives. 质量
②(2020·江苏南京模考) Patience is a quality which success feeds on. 品德
③One quality of wood is that it can burn. 特征
★8.addict n.[C]对……入迷的人
【用法归纳】
an Internet addict网迷 a TV addict电视迷
She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.她是个电视迷，看尽可能多的电视。
【拓展】相关词语积累
(1) addiction n.[C,U] 瘾，入迷
Internet/online shopping addiction网瘾/网购瘾
(2) addicted adj.上瘾的；入迷的(说明人的状态，只可作表语)
be/ become addicted to 沉溺于……；迷上……(to是介词)
Much to my shock, my daughter is addicted to surfing the Internet.使我吃惊的是，我的女儿沉溺于上网。
[语境串记]As you know, Tom used to be a video game addict and he was addicted to video games for many years. However, he made great efforts to get rid of his addiction last year.正如你所知道的那样，汤姆曾经是一个电子游戏迷，他对电子游戏入迷很多年了。然而，去年他尽全力戒了他的游戏瘾。
【练习】语法填空
①As your close friend, I’d like to talk about the harm of the Internet addiction (addict) to you.
②Children who become addicted (addict) to TV sit down and turn on the TV as soon as they get home. Although they have lots of homework, they become absorbed in (专注于) TV programs.
③With the development of the Internet, more and more children are addicted to playing (play)online games day and night, which does harm not only to their studies, but also to their health.
[高频短语]9. set out
【用法归纳】
(1) (怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务
set out to do sth. (= set about doing sth.) 开始做某事
On arriving at the village, the professor set out to study the customs of the natives.
一到这个村庄，教授就着手研究当地居民的风俗习惯。
(2)出发，动身。相当于 set off
set out for someplace (= set off for someplace)动身去某处
In order that we can get there on time, we should set out early.为了按时到那里，我们应该早些出发。
After dinner, I decided to set out/off for the supermarket to buy some chocolate. 晚饭以后，我决定到超市买点巧克力。
【拓展】与set相关的其他短语：
set off出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引发 set up设立，建起；创建
set down写下，记下(= put down) set aside把……放到一旁；省出，留出(时间或钱)
【练习】
1.语法填空
①You needn’t set out/off now because the meeting won’t begin until three hours later.
②I set up an interview with her and discussed her project in detail.
③(陕西高考单项填空改编) Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.
2.结合set的用法完成句子
(2020·陕西汉中期末) The students, as well as their teachers, set out to climb the hill/set about climbing the hill (开始爬山了), which is very beautiful in autumn
[高频短语]10. tend to do sth. 往往会做某事；倾向于做某事，易于做某事
They will tend to model their behaviour on the teacher's behaviour. 他们会倾向于模仿老师的行为举止。
People tend to work hard at this stage of life. 人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1)tend v.往往会；倾向，趋于；照管，照料
tend (to) sb./sth. 照料/照管某人/某物
Several nurses carefully tended (to) the sick man.几位护士悉心地照料这个病人。
(2) tendency n. 倾向；趋势
have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
She has a tendency to talk fast when she is nervous.她紧张时往往会说话快。
【练习】语法填空
①I tend to see (see) pictures in mind when I am reading or listening.
②There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
③Busy with routine (日常的) office tasks, she had no time to tend to her children.
▲★11. aim
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [C]目标，目的
with the aim of 为了，目的是
achieve one’s aim 实现目标；达到目的
Students should aim to become more independent of their teachers. 学生应该努力逐渐减少对老师的依赖。
I started to learn English with the aim of becoming a teacher. 我开始学习英语的目的是要当教师。
(2)vi. 力求达到，力争做到
aim at (doing) sth. 力求做某事
aim to do sth. 力求做某事
aim at/ for sth. 力争得到某物
We aim to be there around six. 我们力争六点钟左右到那里。
We should aim for the best results. 我们力求获得最佳结果。
(3)vt.目的是，旨在；针对，对象是
be aimed at (doing)... 旨在(做)……；目的是(做)……
be aimed at sb. 针对某人，对象是某人
The programme is aimed at the teenage audience.这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。
(4)v. 瞄准，对准
aim (sth.) at sb./sth. (把……)瞄准……
He aimed (his gun) at the target and fired but only to miss it.他(用枪)瞄准目标开火，结果却未打中。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
aimless adj.无目标的 aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
【练习】
1.语法填空
①With the help of curriculum reform(课程改革), students enjoy a variety of after-school activities, which are aimed at strengthening their physical strength and building up their confidence.
②Varieties of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of feeding readers’ appetite(强烈欲望)for specific knowledge.
③The top universities aim to choose (choose) the most intelligent students.
2.结合aim的用法完成句子
①要达到这些目标需要团队合作。
Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims .
②这门旨在提高学生的沟通技巧的课程深受学生的欢迎。
The course which is aimed at improving students’ communication skills is very popular with them.
▲★12. distance n. 距离；远方；遥远
【用法归纳】
in the distance 在远处
at a distance 离一段距离，从远处 (= from a distance)
at/ from a distance of... 从……远的地方 (of后跟具体的距离)
[语境串记]I can see the waterfall in the distance , whose sound can be heard from a distance of two miles, and it looks quite beautiful at a distance. 我可以看见远处的那道瀑布，在两英里远的地方就可以听见它的声音，并且从远处看它很漂亮。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
distant adj.遥远的 distantly adv.远地
be distant from ... 离……远
【练习】语法填空
①If you have good eyesight, you will be able to see the building in the distance.
②We could see nothing in the thick fog at/from a distance of ten meters, so we got lost.
★13. count
【用法归纳】
(1) vi. 重要
Every point in this game counts.这场比赛每一分都很重要。
(2)vi.&vt. 认为，看作，算作
count (sb./sth.) as sb./sth. 认为(……)是……/把(……)看作……
I count her as one of my best friends. 我视她为我最好的朋友之一。
(3)vi.(按顺序)数数；vi.&vt. 计算(或清点)总数；vt.把……算入
count down 倒计时
count sb. in/out 把/不把某人算在内
He was counting slowly under his breath.他在低声慢慢地数数。
If you go to Beijing for a trip, please count me in.如果你们去北京旅游的话，请把我算进去。
【练习】判断下列句子中 count的含义
①Having counted the money, Mr White put it in the box. 计算总数
②Everyone should learn something about first aid, for every second counts in an emergency (紧急情况). 重要
③Beth has a good voice, but she has never counted herself as a real singer. 认为
重点句型分析
1. You’ll often find me sitting in front of my laptop. 你会经常发现我坐在我的笔记本电脑前。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，find me sitting是“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构。
【考点提炼】“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构
“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构是“find+宾语+宾补”结构的一种，意为“发现……正在……”，宾语与构成现在分词的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
When I went into her room, I found her reading a book.
我走进她的房间时，发现她正在看书。(her与read是逻辑上的主谓关系)
When I came in, I found all the students smiling at me.
当我进来时，我发现所有的学生都冲着我微笑。( all the students与 smile是逻辑上的主谓关系)
【归纳拓展】“find+宾语+宾补”的其他结构：
(1)find+宾语+形容词/副词
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
当我和大猩猩惊吓到彼此时，我很高兴地发现它们还活着。(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
I called on her on my way home and found her out. 我在回家的路上去拜访她，发现她不在家。
(2)find+宾语+名词/介词短语
I found it a boring film.我发现那是一部乏味的电影。
When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。
(3)find+宾语+过去分词(短语)。宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
When he arrived, he found all the work finished.
当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都已经做完了。(wok与 finish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
【练习】语法填空
1.—What do you think of the teaching profession (职业), Bob
—I find it fun and challenging (challenge). It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.
2. The moment you let go of your burdens (负担), you’ll find yourself feeling (feel) so much more relaxed.
2. I’ve been using the computer since I was a kid. 孩提时期我就开始使用电脑。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
I’ve been using the computer since I was a kid
主句 时间状语从句
【考点提炼】现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成，其常见用法如下：
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词为延续性动词。
Where have you been I’ve been looking for you everywhere.你去哪儿了 我一直在到处找你。
In order to find the missing child, villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.
为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。
(2)表示从过去某时开始到现在的一段时间内反复发生的动作。
She has been phoning Jim every evening for the past two weeks.过去两周以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
【注意】
现在完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果；现在完成进行时表示动作一直在进行，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去，强调动作的持续性。比较：
I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)
I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。(动作一直在进行，可能还将继续下去)
【练习】语法填空
①(北京四中期中)Hey, you have been sitting (sit) at the computer all day. You should really take a break now.
②(2018·北京单项填空改编) China’s high-speed railways have grown (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
③(北京高考单项填空改编)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars. We have been waiting (wait) here for more than two hours.
3. It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.
购物前，能够比较不同的网络商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。
【句式剖析】本句属于“It’s/was+adj. +(+for sb.) to do sth.”句型，该句中是形式主语， to be able to... before I buy是真正的主语。
【考点提炼】“It is/was+adj.(+for sb.)+ to do sth.”，句型
“It is/was+adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.”句型意为“(某人)做某事是……的”。其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。该结构中的形容词是用来描述不定式所表示动作的特征的，如 necessary, important, easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, possible, impossible等。
It’s necessary for us to get plenty of exercise for a healthy life. 要健康地生活，有必要进行大量的锻炼。
【拓展】
“It is/was+adj. (+of sb.)+ to do sth.”句型：
该句型意为“(某人)做某事是……的”。此时形容词常是kind, nice, good, clever, wrong, foolish, right, careless, polite等表示人的性格、品质的词。
It was very honest of him to give them the money back. 他是个诚实的人，把钱还给了他们。
It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say.
你为我做这些真是体贴又慷慨，我对你的感激之情无以言表。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(天津高考单项填空改编)It is difficult for us to learn (learn) a lesson in life until we’ve actually had that lesson.
② It is necessary for students to make a plan for their studies before a term starts.
2.单句写作
①你帮我摆脱了困境，你真是太好了。
It is very nice of you to help me out of the trouble .
②外国人学汉语是相当困难的。
It is quite difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese .
4. According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends.
在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
According to them, there is a danger that I may not ... are real friends.
状语 主句 that引导的同位语从句
【考点提炼】that引导的同位语从句
(1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用，多出现在fact, news, idea, doubt, thought, question, conclusion, promise, truth, report, possibility等名词的后面，解释说明名词的内容。
(2)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。
(3)在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略，亦不可用 which替换。
The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people’s health.
这篇文章告诉我们这样一个事实——吸烟对人们的健康有极大的危害。
The news that they had won the game soon spread all over the school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
【辨析比较】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
类别 性质 功能 引导词that的作用
同位语从句 名词性 对前面的名词、代词等进行解释说明，是名词的具体内容的体现。 只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。
定语从句 形容词性 对前面的名词、代词等进行修饰或限定。 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语、表语或宾语。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。that不可引导非限制性定语从句。
The news that our team won the game is true. 我们队羸得那场比赛的消息是真的。
(that引导的是同位语从句，从句补充说明news的内容，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略)
The news that he told me yesterday is true. 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
(that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可以省略)
【练习】判断画线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句
①(2020·江西南昌二中期末)There is no doubt that they will be happy to accept the job. 同位语从句
②The suggestion that the meeting be delayed(推迟) was put forward. 同位语从句
③The suggestion that he put forward was turned down. 定语从句
5. Actually, I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes...
事实上，我非常清楚我有时需要强迫自己不上网……
【点提炼】“do/ does/did+动词原形”结构
该结构的具体用法如下
(1)此结构用于强调谓语动词，即在动词原形前加助动词do, does或did，表示“的确，确实，真的”。
(2)这种强调结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种，且没有疑问形式和否定形式。
(3)do/does用于一般现在时，did用于一般过去时；do用于第一、第二人称和第三人称复数，does用于第三人称单数，did用于各种人称。
Although these problems are tough, they do have solutions.虽然这些问题很棘手，但是他们真的有解决办法。
Tom does arrive here at 7:30 every day, but today he hasn’t turned up.
汤姆的确每天七点半到达这里，但今天他还没露面。
We should be grateful to them, as they did do everything they could to help us.
我们应该感激他们，因为他们的确竭尽所能来帮助我们了。
【注意】
在祈使句中运用“do+动词原形”形式，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。
Do come on time next time.下次请务必准时来。
Do come in and sit down.请进来坐下。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①The person you are looking for does live here but he did go out just now.
②I do (do) hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I do.
2.完成句子
①我衷心祝你新年快乐!
I do wish you a happy New Year!
②他刚才的确读过那封信。
He did read the letter just now.
③她的确来自欧洲的一个国家。
She does come from a European country.
6. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school. 我在所有课上总是专心(听讲)并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做其他我感兴趣的事情。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
I am always attentive in all classes and think actively,
主句
so that I can have more free time to do other things
目的状语从句
(that I’m interested in) after school.
that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 other things
【考点提炼】 so that引导的目的状语从句
(1) so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”。
从句谓语通常带有may/ might, can/ could, will/would等情态动词。
(2) so that引导目的状语从句时可与 in order that互换, so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
He came in quietly so that he wouldn’t wake his wife up. 他轻轻地进来，为了不把他的妻子吵醒。
Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that hey can understand each other better.为了缩小父母和孩子之间的代沟，他们应该多交流，以便他们能更好地相互了解。
【拓展】so that还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”。
The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to be postponed until the next month.
大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。
He injured his foot, so that he was unable to play in the match.他的脚受伤了，因此他不能参加比赛了。
【练习】
1.判断下列句子中 so that引导的从句类型
①(2018·天津单项填空改编)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
目的状语从句
②We go to school to learn how to learn, so that when we leave school, we can continue to learn. 结果状语从句
2.完成句子
①(浙江高考单项填空改编)凯西在儿子出生时辞职了，以便能在家抚养她的孩子。
Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so that/in order that she could stay home and raise her family.
②他非常幽默，因此我们都非常喜欢他。
He is very humorous, so that we all like him very much .
语法
不定式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等；它还具有动词的特点，可以带宾语和状语；它还有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
一、不定式的基本结构
不定式主要有三种结构模式：
1．带to或不带to: (to) do sth.
2．疑问词＋不定式： how/when/what to do (sth.)
3．带逻辑主语的不定式： for/of sb.to do sth.
[注意]
(1)动词不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前加上not，即not to do。
(2)for/of sb.to do sth.中，如果前面使用的形容词表达sb.的品德、性质时，则使用of，否则使用for。
(3)不带to的不定式即动词原形主要用于使役动词let，have, make和感官动词see, hear, feel等之后作宾补。
We'll have the boy post this letter. 我们将让这个男孩去寄这封信。
The question is how to put the plan into practice. 问题是如何将这个计划付诸实施。
It's so kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。
He decided not to work in the factory any longer. 他决定再也不在这家工厂里工作了。
【练习】
①请求他帮助是必要的。 To ask him for help is necessary.
②我们不知道怎么处理它。 We don't know what to do with/how to deal with it .
③你那样和你父亲讲话是不礼貌的。It is impolite of you to talk to your father like that.
④她考试得了优等后学习更加努力是自然的。
It is natural for her to work harder after getting an A in the examination.
二、不定式的时态和语态
时态 语态 意义
主动 被动
一般时 to do to be done 表示不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
进行时 to be doing － 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行时 to have been doing － 表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前并且一直到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
I hope to meet you again soon.但愿不久再见到你。
He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.我进去的时候他假装在读书。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉让你久等了。
He is said to have been studying abroad, but I don't know which country he is studying in.
据说他在国外读书，但我不知道他在哪个国家。
【练习】2－1.单句语法填空
①I hope to become (become) an astronaut some day.
②When to hold (hold) the meeting is still to be discussed.
2－2.用不定式的适当形式进行句型转换
①It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.
→It is impossible for a child to lift such a heavy box.
②The boss made the workers work all night.
→The workers were made to work all night.
三、不定式的主要用法
1．作主语
(1)不定式直接作主语。为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句末。
To learn English well is not easy.＝It's not easy to learn English well. 学好英语并不容易。
It is good for us to do morning exercises. 做早操对我们有益。
It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢，犯这样的错误。
[拓展] 常见的带形式主语it的句型有：
(1)It is easy/difficult/hard/important/right/wrong/possible/necessary/foolish/kind ...to do ...
(2)It is a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honour ...to do ...
(3)It takes sb.some time/money to do ...
(4)“疑问词/whether＋不定式”作主语。
2．作宾语
(1)直接作动词的宾语，后接不定式作宾语的动词有want, begin, beg, expect, plan, prepare, refuse, manage, start, like, forget, learn, decide, wish等。
(2)不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“动词＋it＋宾补＋不定式”结构。能用于此结构的动词有think, make, feel, find等。
I think it possible to get on well with him. 我认为有可能跟他和睦相处。
[拓展]
不定式用在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. 没办法，只好等雨停了。
【练习】
3－1.单句语法填空
①She could do nothing but cry (cry)．
②I have no choice but to go (go)．
3－2.完成句子
①购买这座办公楼花了我们五百万元。
It took us 5 million yuan to buy the office building .
②选择这样的职业你真是太愚蠢了。
It is really foolish of you to choose such a job.
③我认为掌握一门外语很有必要。
I think it necessary to master a foreign language .
3．作表语
(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
(2)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或用what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
Our duty is to help the children to grow better.
我们的职责就是帮助孩子们更好地成长。
4．作宾语补足语
(1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语：
要求用这种结构的常见的动词(短语)有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, call on, consider, drive, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, like, love, teach, oblige, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want, warn, wish等。
Would you like me to give your regards to Mary 要让我替你向玛丽问好吗？
I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.我想让你清楚地理解整篇文章。
(2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：
在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动语态，就必须带to。
I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.我没听任何人提过这件事。
They make the students do too much homework every day.他们让学生每天做太多的作业。
The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.人们看到这个男孩突然从树上掉下来了。
[名师点津]
动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况口诀：
一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(make, have, let)五看(see, watch, look at, observe, notice)半帮助(help)。
【练习】
①他希望在不久的将来买一辆车。His wish is to buy a car in the near future.
②他让汤姆的妈妈把汤姆带回家。He asked Tom's mother to take Tom home .
③他妈妈让他每天拖地板。His mother makes him sweep the floor every day.
④有人让他在晚会上唱一首英文歌曲。He was made to sing an English song at the party.
5．作定语
不定式作定语要后置，往往表示未发生的动作。和被修饰语之间的逻辑关系通常是：
(1)主谓关系。被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语。
He was the last to finish the work. 他是最后一个完成这一项工作的。
(2)动宾关系。被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动结构。
We have some problems to solve. 我们有一些问题需要解决。
[注意]
作定语的不定式中的动词如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
I use a pen to write with. 我用一支钢笔写字。
(3)同位关系。不定式说明和解释被修饰语的内容。
She wouldn't like to miss the chance to study further in America. 她不想错过去美国深造的机会。
【练习】
①他是第一个到达山顶的人。He was the first person to reach the top of the mountain .
②这里有几本给你读的书。Here are some books for you to read .
③她有五个要看护的病人。She has five patients to look after .
④我们要利用最佳时间植树。We should make use of the best time to plant trees .
6．作状语
不定式作状语主要有三种情况：
(1)目的状语。in order to
(2)结果状语。通常有句型： too ... to do sth.; ...enough to do sth.
(3)原因状语。主要用在表示喜怒哀乐的情感的词汇之后。
【练习】单句改错
①He is too young not to join the army.去掉not
②I'm glad hearing the news.hearing→to hear
基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：25分种
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1.(2020·江苏常州检测) Our school often organizes various after-school activities, relieving(缓解)our stress to some degree.
2. Having stayed in London for two years, she is able to speak English as well as natives .
3. Electronic equipment, such as computers and cell phones, have made our life much more convenient .
4.(北京四中期末) When you have set your goal , you should get to work to make your efforts pay off.
5. Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
6. To have a health lifestyle (生活方式) ,it’s important to have a balanced diet(饮食).
7.(北京师大附中期中) Participating(参加) in voluntary (自愿的) work makes him feel happy and satisfied.
8. The volunteers (志愿者) have contributed (贡献) their own time to the charity project.
9. The government has taken a series of measures to improve the air quality (质量).
10. We need to update (更新) our knowledge regularly in order to keep our professional competence.
二、语法填空
1. (山东济宁期中) Nowadays many people are willing to do voluntary (volunteer) work for their communities.
2. When you are volunteer to help (help) others, you are helping yourself. If you’re upset, doing something can be a great way to cheer yourself up.
3. The world’s smallest bookstore is about 10 feet by 10 feet. Inside the bookstore are various (variety) books.
4. (2020·江苏无锡期中) You can come and have a chat with me whenever you feel it is convenient (convenience) for you.
5. It is through years of research that scientists have discovered the relationship between social media addiction (addict) and depression(精神忧郁).
6. Addicted to surfing (surf) the Internet, he had no time to go over his lessons. As a result, he failed in all subjects.
7. The moment Tom came back home he set out to clean (clean) the house.
8. (北京101中学期末) Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was an admirable(令人钦佩的) achievement (achieve) for such a young man.
9. Some people tend to lose (lose) temper (脾气) so easily that even a little trouble can make them fly off the handle (大发雷霆).
10. (北京昌平区期末) The study aims to learn (learn) about the digital life of people above the age of 55.
11. Standing here, you could see the tall chimneys(烟囱) of the factory in the distance.
12. Despite the fact that it was raining, she still went out hurriedly.
三、完成句子
1.西红柿原产于美洲。
The tomato is native to America. (native)
2.书店里有各种各样的书，价格从2美元到20美元不等。你可以选择你喜欢的。
There is a wide range of books in the bookshop, whose prices range from 2 dollars to 20 dollars. You can choose all that you like. (range)
3.住在这里很方便，因为你可以选择各种不同的方式去不同的景点。
It’s convenient to live here because you can choose various ways of getting to different attractions. (convenient)
4.新的法律旨在加强对劳动者的保护。
The new law is aimed at strengthening protective measures for workers. (aim)
5这座山很高。我们能从20千米以外的地方看到它。
The mountain is very high. We can see it at/from a distance of 20 kilometres. (distance)
6.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
It is dangerous for children to cross the busy street. (“It is adj. +for sb.+ to do sth.”句型)
7.玛丽发现丈夫躺在地上，于是她拨打了911。
Mary found her husband lying on the floor, so she called 911. (find+宾语+宾补)
8.我尽量解释得清楚些，以便大家都能更好地理解。
I will try to explain it clearly, so that everyone can better understand it . (so that引导目的状语从句)
语法练｜专项突破｜建议时间：15分钟
一、用括号内词的适当形式填空
1. (2018·北京单项填空改编) During the Mid- Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
2. (2018·北京完形填空改编) He reached inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系) the driver,only to discover (discover) it contained ￡400 in notes.
3. The ability to express (express) an idea is an important as the idea itself.
4.(2018·天津单项填空改编) I didn’t mean to eat (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
5.(上海高考单项填空改编) The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to explore (explore) society for real-life experience.
6. Please let me know where the meeting is to be held (hold) tomorrow.
7.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷七选五改编) Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax (relax) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
8.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解改编) He is the first Chinese citizen to win (win) this award.
9. It’s unwise of you to sit (sit) around feeling sorry for yourself.
10. The rule says that the last one to leave (leave) the office should remember to close (close) the windows.
11.(江西南昌二中月考) She pretended to be (be) calm but actually she was very nervous when she was being questioned.
12. Last summer I took a course on how to make (make) ice cream.
13. To see (see) is to believe. I won’t believe it until I see it by myself.
14.(陕西高考单项填空改编) No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go (go) for a walk before breakfast.
15. In order not to be (be)“hangry(饿怒)”，I often have some healthy snacks during the meals.
二、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, Chinese is becoming more and more popular among foreign kids. But Chinese can be more difficult (1) to learn (learn). Although many foreign kids think that Chinese characters(汉字) have too many strokes(笔画), they still want to learn them. Some students in South Korea begin to learn (2)to write (write) Chinese characters on their first day at school. (3) To help (help) students learn Chinese, South Korea holds competitions for high school students every year.
The Ministry of Education in our country (4) said (say) in the interview yesterday that last year, nearly 33 million people from 142 countries and regions (5) were learning (learn) Chinese. Some even try (6) to write (write) and speak in Chinese in their spare time.
China is developing (7) so fast that foreign countries intend (8) to understand (understand) China better so as to help them with their business. The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese. So far. it (9) has sent (send) more than 20 thousand Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world. Nowadays, more and more Confucius Institutes (10) are being set (set) up in foreign countries.
综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间：6分钟
课文语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Joe, (1) a digital native, is a student from London (2) from/who has been using the computer since he was a child. He does his school work on the computer. Besides, he also chats with his friends, (3) watches (watch) films, plays computer games and does many other interesting things on the net. His parents are worried that he might become too addicted (4) to the Internet. They suggest that he should drag (5) himself (he) away from the online world and keep in more touch with the people in the real world.
Li Ying believes herself to be a go-getter, and sets (6) goals (goal) for herself at the beginning of each term. She aims (7) to do (do) well in each subject so as to prepare herself for a university degree. She always listens to the teacher (8) attentively (attentive) in class so that she can have more time to do other things after school. Besides (9) doing (do) well in her lessons, Li Ying is also active in sports and (10) voluntary (volunteer) work. She is so determined that she will try her best to achieve her goals.Unit1 Lesson1
1．voluntary adj．志愿的；服务的；自愿的→voluntarily adj.自愿地，主动地→volunteer n．[C]志愿者 v．自愿做，义务做
2．various adj．各种各样的；多种(类型)的→vary v．使变化；变化→variety n．[C, U]多样性；种类
3．convenient adj．方便的，便利的→convenience n．[U]方便；适宜；便利
4．addict n．[C]对……着迷的人→addiction n．[U]瘾
5．distance n．[C, U]距离，间距→distant adj．遥远的
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词 ▲高频词
▲★1.chat
【用法归纳】
(1)vi. 聊天，闲聊
chat with/ to sb. 与某人闲聊
chat about sth. 闲聊某事
He returned to the room several hours later, and stayed there to chat with Jack for a while.
几个小时后，他回到了房间，并待在那儿和杰克闲聊了一会儿。
We met occasionally to chat about the good old days at school.
我们偶尔相聚，畅谈往昔上学时的大好时光。
(2)n. [C]聊天，闲谈。
have a chat with sb. (about sth.) 与某人闲聊(某事)
She said she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. 她说她要路过巴黎，想跟我聊一聊。
【练习】语法填空
①In this day and age, you can do many things with the help of the Internet. While chatting with/ to a stranger may seem new and exciting, make sure that you stay safe while having fun.
②The couple chatted about their happy time in London on their way home yesterday.
③Great! I would like to visit him and have a chat with him about my new plan.
2.voluntary
【用法归纳】
to do voluntary work做志愿工作
There are many ways in which you can do voluntary work. 做志愿工作的方法有很多。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1) voluntarily adj.自愿地，主动地
(2) volunteer
①vi. & vt.自愿(做某事)，自告奋勇
volunteer to do sth. 自愿/主动提出做某事
According to the research, people feel good when they volunteer to do something meaningful for other people.
根据这次研究，人们自愿为他人做些有意义的事情时感觉良好。
②n.[C]志愿者，义务工作者
Volunteers learn a lot and enjoy themselves into the bargain.
志愿者在学到很多东西的同时还能得到乐趣。
[语境串记]As a volunteer, he often does voluntary work, and he thinks it’s his responsibility to volunteer to help those people in need. 作为一名志愿者，他经常做志愿工作，他认为自愿帮助那些需要帮助的人是他的责任。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①Over the last 30 years, the number of people taking part in voluntary (volunteer)work has increased sharply.
②My neighbors volunteered to take (take) care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
2.完成句子
①从公司退休后，她为一家慈善机构做志愿工作。
Since retiring from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity. (voluntary)
②她现在作为一名志愿者每周在当地一所学校帮忙3天。
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.(volunteer)
▲★3.native
【用法归纳】
(1)n. 本地人；出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地的动物(或植物)
a native of... ……本地人；原产于……的动物（或植物）
Li Ming is a native of Beijing. 李明是北京人。
The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。
You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives. 游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。
(2)adj. 本地的；出生地的；原产于某地的，土产的
native land/ country/ language/ speaker 故乡/祖国/母语/母语使用者
be native to... 原产于……
Her native language is Korean. 她的母语是朝鲜语。
The panda is native to China. 大熊猫原产于中国。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①—Are you a native of this town
—No. I was born in New York, but this is Where I grew up.
②Nearly 15, 000 plant species are native to Yunnan Province.
2.单句写作
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。(native)
China is our native country and Chinese is our native language .
★4.range
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [C, usually sing.]系列；范围，界限；[C]山脉
a wide range of 一系列/各种各样的
out of/ beyond range (of sth.) 超出(……的)范围
There is a wide range of opinions on this issue. 在这个问题上，存在着很多不同的意见。
The house is well beyond our price range. 这所房子远远超出了我们能承受的价格范围。
Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间，有一条叫作阿尔卑斯的山脉。
(2)vi. (在一定的范围内)变动，变化；包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物；vt.(按一定位置或顺序)排列
range from...to... 在从……到……的范围内变动
He has a number of interests, ranging from playing chess to swimming.他有很多爱好，从下棋到游泳。
Cups and plates were neatly ranged on her shelves杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。
【练习】
1.语法填空
The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
2.用 range的相关短语完成句子
①这是一项在工业上有广泛应用的新发明。
This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications in industry.
②这款车的价格从三万美元到五万美元不等。很明显这款车超出了他能承受的价格范围。
The prices of the car range from 30,000 dollars to 50,000 dollars. Obviously, it is out of/beyond his price range .
▲★5. various
【用法归纳】
various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的
They have found various ways to meet this need. 他们已经找到了多种不同的方法来满足这一需要。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
variety n.变化；多种式样，(同一事物的)不同种类
a variety of/ varieties of + n.= various+n. 各种各样的……
【练习】
1.语法填空
There are various (variety) things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.
2.结合variety的用法完成句子
这家博物馆有种类繁多的独特的收藏品，每天吸引着大量的参观者。
The museum owns various/a variety of /varieties of unique collections, attracting a number of visitors every day.
▲★6.convenient
【用法归纳】
convenient adj.方便的，便利的；近便的，容易到达的
It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人而言)做某事方便。
... is convenient for sb./sth. ……对某人/某物来说是方便的
...is convenient for/to... ……到……近便
It is very convenient for me to pay by credit card.我用信用卡付款很方便。
Is three o’clock convenient for you 3点钟你方便吗
Our house is very convenient for the children’s school. 我们家到孩子的学校很近。
【注意】convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用物作主语或用it充当形式主语。表达“如果你方便的话”时，应用“if it is convenient for you”。表达“在你方便的时候”时，应用“when it is convenient for you”。
当你方便的时候,我们和你的家人一起出去野餐吧。
【误】Let’s go out and have a picnic with your family when you are convenient.
【正】Let’s go out and have a picnic with your family when it is convenient for you.
[语境串记]I bought this apartment for convenience, because it is very convenient for the bus stations and it has a lot of conveniences. 我买这套公寓是为了方便，因为它离公共汽车站很近，也有很多便利设施。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(2020·天津河北区模考) Would it be convenient (convenience) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport
②We can meet to discuss this matter future at your convenience.
2.结合 convenient的用法完成句子
①如果方便的话，请帮我在面包房买点面包。
If it is convenient for you , please help to buy some bread for me in the bakery.
②我们学校的实验室有一流的科学设备，所以做实验很方便。
We have first-class scientific equipment in our school lab. so it is very convenient to do experiments.
③这个小镇离机场很近。
The town is very convenient for/to the airport.
▲★7. quality
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [C,U]质量，品质
of good/ high/ poor quality质量好/优/低劣(常作表语和后置定语)
quantity of life 生活质量
Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life .每个人都可以大大改善生活质量。
This model is of good/ high quality, but it’s too expensive. 这个型号质量好，但它太贵了。
(2)n. [C] (尤指好的)人品，素质，品德
He has a lot of good qualities but being organized isn’t one of them.他有许多优秀品质，可就是缺乏条理性。
(3)n. [C,U特征，特色，特质
One quality of this new material is that it is unbreakable.这种新材料的一个特点是它牢不可破。
【练习】判断下列句子中 quality的含义
①China is making great efforts to develop its economy so as to improve the quality of people’s lives. 质量
②(2020·江苏南京模考) Patience is a quality which success feeds on. 品德
③One quality of wood is that it can burn. 特征
★8.addict n.[C]对……入迷的人
【用法归纳】
an Internet addict网迷 a TV addict电视迷
She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.她是个电视迷，看尽可能多的电视。
【拓展】相关词语积累
(1) addiction n.[C,U] 瘾，入迷
Internet/online shopping addiction网瘾/网购瘾
(2) addicted adj.上瘾的；入迷的(说明人的状态，只可作表语)
be/ become addicted to 沉溺于……；迷上……(to是介词)
Much to my shock, my daughter is addicted to surfing the Internet.使我吃惊的是，我的女儿沉溺于上网。
[语境串记]As you know, Tom used to be a video game addict and he was addicted to video games for many years. However, he made great efforts to get rid of his addiction last year.正如你所知道的那样，汤姆曾经是一个电子游戏迷，他对电子游戏入迷很多年了。然而，去年他尽全力戒了他的游戏瘾。
【练习】语法填空
①As your close friend, I’d like to talk about the harm of the Internet addiction (addict) to you.
②Children who become addicted (addict) to TV sit down and turn on the TV as soon as they get home. Although they have lots of homework, they become absorbed in (专注于) TV programs.
③With the development of the Internet, more and more children are addicted to playing (play)online games day and night, which does harm not only to their studies, but also to their health.
[高频短语]9. set out
【用法归纳】
(1) (怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务
set out to do sth. (= set about doing sth.) 开始做某事
On arriving at the village, the professor set out to study the customs of the natives.
一到这个村庄，教授就着手研究当地居民的风俗习惯。
(2)出发，动身。相当于 set off
set out for someplace (= set off for someplace)动身去某处
In order that we can get there on time, we should set out early.为了按时到那里，我们应该早些出发。
After dinner, I decided to set out/off for the supermarket to buy some chocolate. 晚饭以后，我决定到超市买点巧克力。
【拓展】与set相关的其他短语：
set off出发，动身；使(炸弹等)爆炸；引发 set up设立，建起；创建
set down写下，记下(= put down) set aside把……放到一旁；省出，留出(时间或钱)
【练习】
1.语法填空
①You needn’t set out/off now because the meeting won’t begin until three hours later.
②I set up an interview with her and discussed her project in detail.
③(陕西高考单项填空改编) Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.
2.结合set的用法完成句子
(2020·陕西汉中期末) The students, as well as their teachers, set out to climb the hill/set about climbing the hill (开始爬山了), which is very beautiful in autumn
[高频短语]10. tend to do sth. 往往会做某事；倾向于做某事，易于做某事
They will tend to model their behaviour on the teacher's behaviour. 他们会倾向于模仿老师的行为举止。
People tend to work hard at this stage of life. 人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
(1)tend v.往往会；倾向，趋于；照管，照料
tend (to) sb./sth. 照料/照管某人/某物
Several nurses carefully tended (to) the sick man.几位护士悉心地照料这个病人。
(2) tendency n. 倾向；趋势
have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
She has a tendency to talk fast when she is nervous.她紧张时往往会说话快。
【练习】语法填空
①I tend to see (see) pictures in mind when I am reading or listening.
②There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
③Busy with routine (日常的) office tasks, she had no time to tend to her children.
▲★11. aim
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [C]目标，目的
with the aim of 为了，目的是
achieve one’s aim 实现目标；达到目的
Students should aim to become more independent of their teachers. 学生应该努力逐渐减少对老师的依赖。
I started to learn English with the aim of becoming a teacher. 我开始学习英语的目的是要当教师。
(2)vi. 力求达到，力争做到
aim at (doing) sth. 力求做某事
aim to do sth. 力求做某事
aim at/ for sth. 力争得到某物
We aim to be there around six. 我们力争六点钟左右到那里。
We should aim for the best results. 我们力求获得最佳结果。
(3)vt.目的是，旨在；针对，对象是
be aimed at (doing)... 旨在(做)……；目的是(做)……
be aimed at sb. 针对某人，对象是某人
The programme is aimed at the teenage audience.这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。
(4)v. 瞄准，对准
aim (sth.) at sb./sth. (把……)瞄准……
He aimed (his gun) at the target and fired but only to miss it.他(用枪)瞄准目标开火，结果却未打中。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
aimless adj.无目标的 aimlessly adv.漫无目的地
【练习】
1.语法填空
①With the help of curriculum reform(课程改革), students enjoy a variety of after-school activities, which are aimed at strengthening their physical strength and building up their confidence.
②Varieties of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of feeding readers’ appetite(强烈欲望)for specific knowledge.
③The top universities aim to choose (choose) the most intelligent students.
2.结合aim的用法完成句子
①要达到这些目标需要团队合作。
Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims .
②这门旨在提高学生的沟通技巧的课程深受学生的欢迎。
The course which is aimed at improving students’ communication skills is very popular with them.
▲★12. distance n. 距离；远方；遥远
【用法归纳】
in the distance 在远处
at a distance 离一段距离，从远处 (= from a distance)
at/ from a distance of... 从……远的地方 (of后跟具体的距离)
[语境串记]I can see the waterfall in the distance , whose sound can be heard from a distance of two miles, and it looks quite beautiful at a distance. 我可以看见远处的那道瀑布，在两英里远的地方就可以听见它的声音，并且从远处看它很漂亮。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
distant adj.遥远的 distantly adv.远地
be distant from ... 离……远
【练习】语法填空
①If you have good eyesight, you will be able to see the building in the distance.
②We could see nothing in the thick fog at/from a distance of ten meters, so we got lost.
★13. count
【用法归纳】
(1) vi. 重要
Every point in this game counts.这场比赛每一分都很重要。
(2)vi.&vt. 认为，看作，算作
count (sb./sth.) as sb./sth. 认为(……)是……/把(……)看作……
I count her as one of my best friends. 我视她为我最好的朋友之一。
(3)vi.(按顺序)数数；vi.&vt. 计算(或清点)总数；vt.把……算入
count down 倒计时
count sb. in/out 把/不把某人算在内
He was counting slowly under his breath.他在低声慢慢地数数。
If you go to Beijing for a trip, please count me in.如果你们去北京旅游的话，请把我算进去。
【练习】判断下列句子中 count的含义
①Having counted the money, Mr White put it in the box. 计算总数
②Everyone should learn something about first aid, for every second counts in an emergency (紧急情况). 重要
③Beth has a good voice, but she has never counted herself as a real singer. 认为
重点句型分析
1. You’ll often find me sitting in front of my laptop. 你会经常发现我坐在我的笔记本电脑前。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，find me sitting是“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构。
【考点提炼】“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构
“find+宾语+现在分词(短语)”结构是“find+宾语+宾补”结构的一种，意为“发现……正在……”，宾语与构成现在分词的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
When I went into her room, I found her reading a book.
我走进她的房间时，发现她正在看书。(her与read是逻辑上的主谓关系)
When I came in, I found all the students smiling at me.
当我进来时，我发现所有的学生都冲着我微笑。( all the students与 smile是逻辑上的主谓关系)
【归纳拓展】“find+宾语+宾补”的其他结构：
(1)find+宾语+形容词/副词
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
当我和大猩猩惊吓到彼此时，我很高兴地发现它们还活着。(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
I called on her on my way home and found her out. 我在回家的路上去拜访她，发现她不在家。
(2)find+宾语+名词/介词短语
I found it a boring film.我发现那是一部乏味的电影。
When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。
(3)find+宾语+过去分词(短语)。宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
When he arrived, he found all the work finished.
当他到达的时候，他发现所有的工作都已经做完了。(wok与 finish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
【练习】语法填空
1.—What do you think of the teaching profession (职业), Bob
—I find it fun and challenging (challenge). It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.
2. The moment you let go of your burdens (负担), you’ll find yourself feeling (feel) so much more relaxed.
2. I’ve been using the computer since I was a kid. 孩提时期我就开始使用电脑。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
I’ve been using the computer since I was a kid
主句 时间状语从句
【考点提炼】现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成，其常见用法如下：
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词为延续性动词。
Where have you been I’ve been looking for you everywhere.你去哪儿了 我一直在到处找你。
In order to find the missing child, villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.
为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。
(2)表示从过去某时开始到现在的一段时间内反复发生的动作。
She has been phoning Jim every evening for the past two weeks.过去两周以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
【注意】
现在完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果；现在完成进行时表示动作一直在进行，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去，强调动作的持续性。比较：
I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)
I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。(动作一直在进行，可能还将继续下去)
【练习】语法填空
①(北京四中期中)Hey, you have been sitting (sit) at the computer all day. You should really take a break now.
②(2018·北京单项填空改编) China’s high-speed railways have grown (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
③(北京高考单项填空改编)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars. We have been waiting (wait) here for more than two hours.
3. It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.
购物前，能够比较不同的网络商店的质量和价格是非常方便的。
【句式剖析】本句属于“It’s/was+adj. +(+for sb.) to do sth.”句型，该句中是形式主语， to be able to... before I buy是真正的主语。
【考点提炼】“It is/was+adj.(+for sb.)+ to do sth.”，句型
“It is/was+adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.”句型意为“(某人)做某事是……的”。其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。该结构中的形容词是用来描述不定式所表示动作的特征的，如 necessary, important, easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, possible, impossible等。
It’s necessary for us to get plenty of exercise for a healthy life. 要健康地生活，有必要进行大量的锻炼。
【拓展】
“It is/was+adj. (+of sb.)+ to do sth.”句型：
该句型意为“(某人)做某事是……的”。此时形容词常是kind, nice, good, clever, wrong, foolish, right, careless, polite等表示人的性格、品质的词。
It was very honest of him to give them the money back. 他是个诚实的人，把钱还给了他们。
It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say.
你为我做这些真是体贴又慷慨，我对你的感激之情无以言表。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(天津高考单项填空改编)It is difficult for us to learn (learn) a lesson in life until we’ve actually had that lesson.
② It is necessary for students to make a plan for their studies before a term starts.
2.单句写作
①你帮我摆脱了困境，你真是太好了。
It is very nice of you to help me out of the trouble .
②外国人学汉语是相当困难的。
It is quite difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese .
4. According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends.
在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
According to them, there is a danger that I may not ... are real friends.
状语 主句 that引导的同位语从句
【考点提炼】that引导的同位语从句
(1)同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用，多出现在fact, news, idea, doubt, thought, question, conclusion, promise, truth, report, possibility等名词的后面，解释说明名词的内容。
(2)名词后接同位语从句时，如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导。
(3)在that引导的同位语从句中，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略，亦不可用 which替换。
The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people’s health.
这篇文章告诉我们这样一个事实——吸烟对人们的健康有极大的危害。
The news that they had won the game soon spread all over the school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
【辨析比较】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
类别 性质 功能 引导词that的作用
同位语从句 名词性 对前面的名词、代词等进行解释说明，是名词的具体内容的体现。 只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。
定语从句 形容词性 对前面的名词、代词等进行修饰或限定。 既替代先行词，又在从句中充当主语、表语或宾语。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。that不可引导非限制性定语从句。
The news that our team won the game is true. 我们队羸得那场比赛的消息是真的。
(that引导的是同位语从句，从句补充说明news的内容，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略)
The news that he told me yesterday is true. 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
(that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可以省略)
【练习】判断画线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句
①(2020·江西南昌二中期末)There is no doubt that they will be happy to accept the job. 同位语从句
②The suggestion that the meeting be delayed(推迟) was put forward. 同位语从句
③The suggestion that he put forward was turned down. 定语从句
5. Actually, I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes...
事实上，我非常清楚我有时需要强迫自己不上网……
【点提炼】“do/ does/did+动词原形”结构
该结构的具体用法如下
(1)此结构用于强调谓语动词，即在动词原形前加助动词do, does或did，表示“的确，确实，真的”。
(2)这种强调结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种，且没有疑问形式和否定形式。
(3)do/does用于一般现在时，did用于一般过去时；do用于第一、第二人称和第三人称复数，does用于第三人称单数，did用于各种人称。
Although these problems are tough, they do have solutions.虽然这些问题很棘手，但是他们真的有解决办法。
Tom does arrive here at 7:30 every day, but today he hasn’t turned up.
汤姆的确每天七点半到达这里，但今天他还没露面。
We should be grateful to them, as they did do everything they could to help us.
我们应该感激他们，因为他们的确竭尽所能来帮助我们了。
【注意】
在祈使句中运用“do+动词原形”形式，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。
Do come on time next time.下次请务必准时来。
Do come in and sit down.请进来坐下。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①The person you are looking for does live here but he did go out just now.
②I do (do) hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I do.
2.完成句子
①我衷心祝你新年快乐!
I do wish you a happy New Year!
②他刚才的确读过那封信。
He did read the letter just now.
③她的确来自欧洲的一个国家。
She does come from a European country.
6. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school. 我在所有课上总是专心(听讲)并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做其他我感兴趣的事情。
【句式剖析】本句的结构分析如下：
I am always attentive in all classes and think actively,
主句
so that I can have more free time to do other things
目的状语从句
(that I’m interested in) after school.
that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 other things
【考点提炼】 so that引导的目的状语从句
(1) so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”。
从句谓语通常带有may/ might, can/ could, will/would等情态动词。
(2) so that引导目的状语从句时可与 in order that互换, so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
He came in quietly so that he wouldn’t wake his wife up. 他轻轻地进来，为了不把他的妻子吵醒。
Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that hey can understand each other better.为了缩小父母和孩子之间的代沟，他们应该多交流，以便他们能更好地相互了解。
【拓展】so that还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”。
The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to be postponed until the next month.
大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。
He injured his foot, so that he was unable to play in the match.他的脚受伤了，因此他不能参加比赛了。
【练习】
1.判断下列句子中 so that引导的从句类型
①(2018·天津单项填空改编)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
目的状语从句
②We go to school to learn how to learn, so that when we leave school, we can continue to learn. 结果状语从句
2.完成句子
①(浙江高考单项填空改编)凯西在儿子出生时辞职了，以便能在家抚养她的孩子。
Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so that/in order that she could stay home and raise her family.
②他非常幽默，因此我们都非常喜欢他。
He is very humorous, so that we all like him very much .
语法
不定式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等；它还具有动词的特点，可以带宾语和状语；它还有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
一、不定式的基本结构
不定式主要有三种结构模式：
1．带to或不带to: (to) do sth.
2．疑问词＋不定式： how/when/what to do (sth.)
3．带逻辑主语的不定式： for/of sb.to do sth.
[注意]
(1)动词不定式的否定式是在不定式符号to前加上not，即not to do。
(2)for/of sb.to do sth.中，如果前面使用的形容词表达sb.的品德、性质时，则使用of，否则使用for。
(3)不带to的不定式即动词原形主要用于使役动词let，have, make和感官动词see, hear, feel等之后作宾补。
We'll have the boy post this letter. 我们将让这个男孩去寄这封信。
The question is how to put the plan into practice. 问题是如何将这个计划付诸实施。
It's so kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。
He decided not to work in the factory any longer. 他决定再也不在这家工厂里工作了。
【练习】
①请求他帮助是必要的。 To ask him for help is necessary.
②我们不知道怎么处理它。 We don't know what to do with/how to deal with it .
③你那样和你父亲讲话是不礼貌的。It is impolite of you to talk to your father like that.
④她考试得了优等后学习更加努力是自然的。
It is natural for her to work harder after getting an A in the examination.
二、不定式的时态和语态
时态 语态 意义
主动 被动
一般时 to do to be done 表示不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
进行时 to be doing － 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行时 to have been doing － 表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前并且一直到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
I hope to meet you again soon.但愿不久再见到你。
He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.我进去的时候他假装在读书。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉让你久等了。
He is said to have been studying abroad, but I don't know which country he is studying in.
据说他在国外读书，但我不知道他在哪个国家。
【练习】2－1.单句语法填空
①I hope to become (become) an astronaut some day.
②When to hold (hold) the meeting is still to be discussed.
2－2.用不定式的适当形式进行句型转换
①It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.
→It is impossible for a child to lift such a heavy box.
②The boss made the workers work all night.
→The workers were made to work all night.
三、不定式的主要用法
1．作主语
(1)不定式直接作主语。为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句末。
To learn English well is not easy.＝It's not easy to learn English well. 学好英语并不容易。
It is good for us to do morning exercises. 做早操对我们有益。
It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢，犯这样的错误。
[拓展] 常见的带形式主语it的句型有：
(1)It is easy/difficult/hard/important/right/wrong/possible/necessary/foolish/kind ...to do ...
(2)It is a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honour ...to do ...
(3)It takes sb.some time/money to do ...
(4)“疑问词/whether＋不定式”作主语。
2．作宾语
(1)直接作动词的宾语，后接不定式作宾语的动词有want, begin, beg, expect, plan, prepare, refuse, manage, start, like, forget, learn, decide, wish等。
(2)不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“动词＋it＋宾补＋不定式”结构。能用于此结构的动词有think, make, feel, find等。
I think it possible to get on well with him. 我认为有可能跟他和睦相处。
[拓展]
不定式用在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. 没办法，只好等雨停了。
【练习】
3－1.单句语法填空
①She could do nothing but cry (cry)．
②I have no choice but to go (go)．
3－2.完成句子
①购买这座办公楼花了我们五百万元。
It took us 5 million yuan to buy the office building .
②选择这样的职业你真是太愚蠢了。
It is really foolish of you to choose such a job.
③我认为掌握一门外语很有必要。
I think it necessary to master a foreign language .
3．作表语
(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
(2)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或用what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
Our duty is to help the children to grow better.
我们的职责就是帮助孩子们更好地成长。
4．作宾语补足语
(1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语：
要求用这种结构的常见的动词(短语)有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, call on, consider, drive, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, like, love, teach, oblige, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want, warn, wish等。
Would you like me to give your regards to Mary 要让我替你向玛丽问好吗？
I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.我想让你清楚地理解整篇文章。
(2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：
在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动语态，就必须带to。
I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.我没听任何人提过这件事。
They make the students do too much homework every day.他们让学生每天做太多的作业。
The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.人们看到这个男孩突然从树上掉下来了。
[名师点津]
动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况口诀：
一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(make, have, let)五看(see, watch, look at, observe, notice)半帮助(help)。
【练习】
①他希望在不久的将来买一辆车。His wish is to buy a car in the near future.
②他让汤姆的妈妈把汤姆带回家。He asked Tom's mother to take Tom home .
③他妈妈让他每天拖地板。His mother makes him sweep the floor every day.
④有人让他在晚会上唱一首英文歌曲。He was made to sing an English song at the party.
5．作定语
不定式作定语要后置，往往表示未发生的动作。和被修饰语之间的逻辑关系通常是：
(1)主谓关系。被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语。
He was the last to finish the work. 他是最后一个完成这一项工作的。
(2)动宾关系。被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动结构。
We have some problems to solve. 我们有一些问题需要解决。
[注意]
作定语的不定式中的动词如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
I use a pen to write with. 我用一支钢笔写字。
(3)同位关系。不定式说明和解释被修饰语的内容。
She wouldn't like to miss the chance to study further in America. 她不想错过去美国深造的机会。
【练习】
①他是第一个到达山顶的人。He was the first person to reach the top of the mountain .
②这里有几本给你读的书。Here are some books for you to read .
③她有五个要看护的病人。She has five patients to look after .
④我们要利用最佳时间植树。We should make use of the best time to plant trees .
6．作状语
不定式作状语主要有三种情况：
(1)目的状语。in order to
(2)结果状语。通常有句型： too ... to do sth.; ...enough to do sth.
(3)原因状语。主要用在表示喜怒哀乐的情感的词汇之后。
【练习】单句改错
①He is too young not to join the army.去掉not
②I'm glad hearing the news.hearing→to hear
基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：25分种
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1.(2020·江苏常州检测) Our school often organizes various after-school activities, relieving(缓解)our stress to some degree.
2. Having stayed in London for two years, she is able to speak English as well as natives .
3. Electronic equipment, such as computers and cell phones, have made our life much more convenient .
4.(北京四中期末) When you have set your goal , you should get to work to make your efforts pay off.
5. Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
6. To have a health lifestyle (生活方式) ,it’s important to have a balanced diet(饮食).
7.(北京师大附中期中) Participating(参加) in voluntary (自愿的) work makes him feel happy and satisfied.
8. The volunteers (志愿者) have contributed (贡献) their own time to the charity project.
9. The government has taken a series of measures to improve the air quality (质量).
10. We need to update (更新) our knowledge regularly in order to keep our professional competence.
二、语法填空
1. (山东济宁期中) Nowadays many people are willing to do voluntary (volunteer) work for their communities.
2. When you are volunteer to help (help) others, you are helping yourself. If you’re upset, doing something can be a great way to cheer yourself up.
3. The world’s smallest bookstore is about 10 feet by 10 feet. Inside the bookstore are various (variety) books.
4. (2020·江苏无锡期中) You can come and have a chat with me whenever you feel it is convenient (convenience) for you.
5. It is through years of research that scientists have discovered the relationship between social media addiction (addict) and depression(精神忧郁).
6. Addicted to surfing (surf) the Internet, he had no time to go over his lessons. As a result, he failed in all subjects.
7. The moment Tom came back home he set out to clean (clean) the house.
8. (北京101中学期末) Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was an admirable(令人钦佩的) achievement (achieve) for such a young man.
9. Some people tend to lose (lose) temper (脾气) so easily that even a little trouble can make them fly off the handle (大发雷霆).
10. (北京昌平区期末) The study aims to learn (learn) about the digital life of people above the age of 55.
11. Standing here, you could see the tall chimneys(烟囱) of the factory in the distance.
12. Despite the fact that it was raining, she still went out hurriedly.
三、完成句子
1.西红柿原产于美洲。
The tomato is native to America. (native)
2.书店里有各种各样的书，价格从2美元到20美元不等。你可以选择你喜欢的。
There is a wide range of books in the bookshop, whose prices range from 2 dollars to 20 dollars. You can choose all that you like. (range)
3.住在这里很方便，因为你可以选择各种不同的方式去不同的景点。
It’s convenient to live here because you can choose various ways of getting to different attractions. (convenient)
4.新的法律旨在加强对劳动者的保护。
The new law is aimed at strengthening protective measures for workers. (aim)
5这座山很高。我们能从20千米以外的地方看到它。
The mountain is very high. We can see it at/from a distance of 20 kilometres. (distance)
6.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
It is dangerous for children to cross the busy street. (“It is adj. +for sb.+ to do sth.”句型)
7.玛丽发现丈夫躺在地上，于是她拨打了911。
Mary found her husband lying on the floor, so she called 911. (find+宾语+宾补)
8.我尽量解释得清楚些，以便大家都能更好地理解。
I will try to explain it clearly, so that everyone can better understand it . (so that引导目的状语从句)
语法练｜专项突破｜建议时间：15分钟
一、用括号内词的适当形式填空
1. (2018·北京单项填空改编) During the Mid- Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
2. (2018·北京完形填空改编) He reached inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系) the driver,only to discover (discover) it contained ￡400 in notes.
3. The ability to express (express) an idea is an important as the idea itself.
4.(2018·天津单项填空改编) I didn’t mean to eat (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
5.(上海高考单项填空改编) The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to explore (explore) society for real-life experience.
6. Please let me know where the meeting is to be held (hold) tomorrow.
7.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷七选五改编) Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax (relax) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
8.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解改编) He is the first Chinese citizen to win (win) this award.
9. It’s unwise of you to sit (sit) around feeling sorry for yourself.
10. The rule says that the last one to leave (leave) the office should remember to close (close) the windows.
11.(江西南昌二中月考) She pretended to be (be) calm but actually she was very nervous when she was being questioned.
12. Last summer I took a course on how to make (make) ice cream.
13. To see (see) is to believe. I won’t believe it until I see it by myself.
14.(陕西高考单项填空改编) No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go (go) for a walk before breakfast.
15. In order not to be (be)“hangry(饿怒)”，I often have some healthy snacks during the meals.
二、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, Chinese is becoming more and more popular among foreign kids. But Chinese can be more difficult (1) to learn (learn). Although many foreign kids think that Chinese characters(汉字) have too many strokes(笔画), they still want to learn them. Some students in South Korea begin to learn (2)to write (write) Chinese characters on their first day at school. (3) To help (help) students learn Chinese, South Korea holds competitions for high school students every year.
The Ministry of Education in our country (4) said (say) in the interview yesterday that last year, nearly 33 million people from 142 countries and regions (5) were learning (learn) Chinese. Some even try (6) to write (write) and speak in Chinese in their spare time.
China is developing (7) so fast that foreign countries intend (8) to understand (understand) China better so as to help them with their business. The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese. So far. it (9) has sent (send) more than 20 thousand Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world. Nowadays, more and more Confucius Institutes (10) are being set (set) up in foreign countries.
综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间：6分钟
课文语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Joe, (1) a digital native, is a student from London (2) from/who has been using the computer since he was a child. He does his school work on the computer. Besides, he also chats with his friends, (3) watches (watch) films, plays computer games and does many other interesting things on the net. His parents are worried that he might become too addicted (4) to the Internet. They suggest that he should drag (5) himself (he) away from the online world and keep in more touch with the people in the real world.
Li Ying believes herself to be a go-getter, and sets (6) goals (goal) for herself at the beginning of each term. She aims (7) to do (do) well in each subject so as to prepare herself for a university degree. She always listens to the teacher (8) attentively (attentive) in class so that she can have more time to do other things after school. Besides (9) doing (do) well in her lessons, Li Ying is also active in sports and (10) voluntary (volunteer) work. She is so determined that she will try her best to achieve her goals.
