(共32张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Period Five Writing Workshop
课堂新知讲练
1．hold on 等着；坚持住；(电话用语) 别挂断；抓紧
(P41) HOLD ON to your shelter until the shaking stops.
【翻译】抓牢你的遮蔽物，直到晃动停止。
hold on等着；坚持住；(电话用语) 别挂断；抓紧
hold back阻挡；抑制；隐瞒
hold out (供给品等) 维持；递出东西
hold up支撑；(使) 耽搁；推迟；阻延
【用法详解】
Women can hold up half the sky.
女人撑起半边天。
They managed to hold on until help arrived.
他们勉强坚持到救援到来。
I think he held back some very important information.
我认为他隐瞒了某些非常重要的信息。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I don’t think I can ________ ________ much longer.
我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了。
(2)She couldn’t ________ ________ her tears any longer and wept aloud.
她再也忍不住了，大声哭泣起来。
(3)The building of the new road has been ________ ________ by bad weather.
这条新路的建设工程因天气恶劣而停下了。
【答案】(1)hold on (2)hold back (3)held up
2．observe vt.观察；注意
Paraphrase: to notice something; to watch something or someone carefully
(P41) Observe carefully before you move away.
【翻译】离开前请仔细观察。
【用法详解】
(1)observe vt.观察；注意
observe sb.to do sth.看到某人做了某事
observe sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
observe作及物动词时，还可以表示“遵守；庆祝；评论”
(2)observer n.观察者；遵守者
(3)observation n.观察；监视；观察报告
(4)observational adj.观测的；观察的；根据观察的
observational study 观察研究；观察性研究
observational statement 观察陈述
(5)observator n.天文台；气象台；瞭望台
The police observed a man enter the bank.
警察注意到一个人进了那家银行。
I observed him reading a book on the bench.
我看到他正坐在长凳上看书。
Polly observed the passengers on the train.
波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客们。
※【拓展提升】
observe后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，若变为被动语态，不定式符号to须加上。
The man was observed to enter the bank by the policeman.
警察看到那个男人进了银行。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I observed him ________ (try) to force the lock of the door open when I passed by, so I called the police.
(2)Have you ________ (observe) any changes lately
【答案】(1)trying (2)observed
写作高效提升
1．lies in/stands 位于
2．be close to/near 靠近，接近
3．provide best service for …为……提供最好的服务
4．…serve you 24 hours a day
每天24小时为您提供服务
◎话题短语
5．Welcome to…欢迎来到……
6．lose weight 减肥
7．a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的
8．lie by 在……的旁边
9．the best service 最好的服务
10．don’t hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫做某事
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．If you want to become slim and lose weight and eat healthy, come to the Health Restaurant now!
如果你想瘦身、减肥和吃得健康，就快来健康餐馆吧！
2．Health Restaurant serves balanced foods.These foods benefit your slimming.
健康餐馆提供平衡饮食，利于减肥瘦身。
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
3．Our restaurant serves both energy－foods and enough foods rich in fibre.
我们餐馆提供既富含能量又富含纤维的饭菜。
4．We also offer varieties of Chinese traditional wheaten foods.
我们也供应各种各样的中国传统面食。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
5．It’s fun to eat here.At lunchtime, there are many customers. You will enjoy the exciting atmosphere.
在这里就餐是一种乐趣，中午顾客多，你可以享受这里活跃的气氛。
6．Our telephone number: 533599.You are welcome!
我们的联系电话是533599。欢迎光临！
【写作任务】
假定你叫李华，现在为新开业的健康餐馆写一则英文广告，要点如下：
1．健康餐馆提供健康平衡饮食，有利于减肥瘦身；
2．餐馆提供既含能量又含纤维的饭菜；
3．有快餐和特别的蔬菜；
◎写作范例
4．有各种各样的中国传统面食(wheaten foods) ；
5．在这里就餐是一种乐趣，中午顾客多，气氛(atmosphere) 活跃；
6．保证提供最好的服务；
7．餐馆位于湖边，风景优美；
8．联系电话：533599。
要求：题目为Once tasted, never forgotten
注意：词数80左右。
【写作指导】
体裁 应用文 时态 一般现在时
主题 餐饮业广告 人称 第二人称
写作
要点 首段：交代写广告的目的
中段：具体介绍广告的内容
尾段：说明具体联系方式并表示对顾客的欢迎
【学以致用】
用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1．We should try our best to behave well in the __________ (activity)．
2．We should never say ________ (dirt) words.
3．Our city will be more ________ (beauty) and more ________ (attract)．
4．The problem of ________ (pollute) arises along with the rapid ________ (develop) of industry.
5．There is a growing need for ________ (qualify) ________ (teacher) of Business English.
6．He felt bright and ________ (cheer) and full of energy.
7．________ (Lucky), I brought my umbrella along, otherwise I would ________ (sure) get wet.
8．The little girl is no trouble at all, but her 6－year－old elder brother is rude and ________ (self)．
9．________ (Physic) activity is an important factor in maintaining ________ (fit)．
10．We try to help all students ________ (real) their full potential.
Keys：1.activities 2.dirty 3.beautiful; attractive
4．pollution; development 5.qualified; teachers 6.cheerful 7.Luckily; surely 8.selfish
9．Physical; fitness 10.realize
【参考范文】
Once tasted, never forgotten
Don’t you want to become slim Don’t you want to lose weight Don’t you want to eat healthy Come to the Health Restaurant now!
Health Restaurant serves balanced foods benefiting your slimming and energy－foods as well as enough foods rich in fibre. We provide fast food and special dishes from vegetables.We also offer varieties of Chinese traditional wheaten foods.It’s fun to eat here.At lunchtime, there are many customers.You will enjoy the exciting atmosphere.Promise you the best service.Our restaurant lies by the lake with wonderful views.
Why not pay us a visit Our telephone number: 533599.You are welcome!
为配合我市开展“创建文明城市(build a civilized city) ”活动，现在请你根据以下提示内容，用英语写一则以“How to behave well”为主题的短文，呼吁人们都行动起来，为创建文明城市而努力。
◎写作练笔
1．衣着整洁；
2．保持环境卫生；
3．待人有礼，乐于助人；
4．遵守交通规则。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
How to behave well
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
How to behave well
In order to build a civilized city，we students should try our best to behave well in the activities.
First，it’s a good habit to keep our clothes clean and tidy. Second，it’s good manners to say “Thank you” and “Please” and so on，and we should never say dirty words.Third，be friendly to others and always ready to help the people in need.For example，when we are on a bus，we should give our seats to the old.Last，we should also obey traffic rules.And we’d better not talk or laugh loudly in public.
If everyone behaves well，our city will be more beautiful and more attractive.(共38张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Period Three Lesson
课前自主预习
1．varied adj._______________________
2．scary adj.__________________
3．harmless adj.__________________
4．skiing n.__________________
5．originality n.__________________
各种各样的，形形色色的
可怕的，恐怖的
无害的
滑雪运动
独创性；创造力
6．消亡；消失 n.__________________
7．想知道 vt.__________________
8．景象 n.__________________
9．有才能的 adj.__________________
disappearance
wonder
scene
talented
1．be made up of… __________________
2．be home to… __________________
3．be famous for… __________________
4．steal…from __________________
5．for instance __________________
由……组成
是……的栖息地/发源地
因……出名
从……偷
例如
6．总面积 __________________
7．一群狼 __________________
8．好好照顾 __________________
9．突然 __________________
10．被困在一座大楼中 _____________________
a total area of
a pack of wolves
take good care of
all of a sudden
be trapped in a building
Generally, ______________________ (越往南) you go, ____________ (越冷) it will be.(越……，越……)
【答案】the further south；the colder
课堂新知讲练
1．wonder vt.想知道；对……感到好奇
n．奇迹；奇观；惊奇，惊叹
Paraphrase: to think about something because you want to know more facts or details about it
(P44) I enjoyed the film and I wondered if other people liked it, too.
【翻译】 我喜欢这部电影，我想知道其他人是否也喜欢。
【用法详解】
I wonder why they chose to settle so far from the river
我想知道他们为什么选择在离河如此遥远的地方定居？
It’s no wonder you can’t sleep when you eat so much.
你吃得那么多，难怪你睡不着。
I wonder who he was, where he were from and why he came.
我很想知道他是谁，来自哪里，为什么来。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________ ________ ________ ________ that he is tired out.
他三天没睡觉了，难怪他疲惫不堪。
(2)I watched ________ ________ as she ran circles around the other kids.
我很惊奇地看着她绕着其他孩子一圈圈地跑。
(3)I ________ ________ you could give me some advice on how to learn English.
我想知道您是否能给我一些如何学习英语的建议。
【答案】(1)It is no wonder (2)in wonder
(3)wonder if/whether
2．scene n.(戏剧的) 一场；场面；景色
(P44) Exciting scenes—especially the one where the horses are attacked by a pack of wolves.
【翻译】令人兴奋的场景—尤其是马被一群狼袭击的场景。
scene n.(戏剧的) 一场；场面；景色
behind the scenes在幕后；在后台
on the scene在现场
【用法详解】
The scene of the novel was set in Shanghai.
小说的背景是在上海。
Our reporter was the first person on the scene.
我们的记者是最先到达出事地点的。
【易混辨析】
scene/ scenery/ sight/ view
词语 用法
scene 指某一处的自然风光；情形，情景。
scenery (总称) 自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。
sight 景象，风景，名胜，侧重指值得看的事物或很难看的东西；也指很可笑的事物。
view 景色，风景，侧重指从人所处的角度用肉眼所看到的景色。
【针对练习】
选词填空： scene, scenery, sight, view
(1)The police were soon on the ________.
(2)From the window there was a clear ________ of the mountain.
(3)What beautiful ________ !
(4)The rainbow over the sea was a glorious ________.
【答案】(1)scene (2)view (3)scenery (4)sight
3．talented adj.有才能的；天才的；有才干的
Paraphrase: having a natural ability to do something well
(P46) I’ve surfed since I was a child, and people always told me I was talented.
【翻译】我从小就会冲浪，人们总是说我很有天赋。
(1)talented adj.有才能的；天才的；有才干的
be talented (gifted) at/in…在……方面有才华/天赋
(2)talent n.天才；天赋；才能；天资；人才
show/have a talent for… 展示/有……的天赋
【用法详解】
He is a talented player.他是个天才运动员。
John is talented in painting wild life.
约翰擅长野外生活的绘画。
He is a great talent.他是个了不起的人才。
Mike had little talent for soccer.
迈克几乎没有踢足球的天分。
She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted.
她很有天资，能够心想事成。
【针对练习】
语法填空
(1)She is a ________ (talent) artist as well as a photographer.
(2)Sa Beining is a famous CCTV host of many ________ (talent)．
(3)His parents are proud that he has a talent ________ acting.
【答案】(1)talented (2)talents (3)for
4．be made up of… 由……组成(构成)
(P43) In fact, one third of the country is made up of national parks, which are full of hiking trails and beautiful campsites.
【翻译】事实上，这个国家的三分之一是由国家公园组成的，到处都是徒步旅行的小道和美丽的露营地。
be made up of…由……组成(构成)
be made in…在……生产/制造(介词后跟地点)
be made into制成(介词后跟产品/制成品)
be made of…由……制成(能看出原材料)
be made from…由……制成(看不出原材料)
【用法详解】
A car is made up of many different parts.
汽车由许多不同的部件组成。
Cotton can be made into cloth.
棉花可以制成布。
The paper is made from rice straw.
这种纸是由稻草做的。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)This medical team ________ ________ ________ ________ five doctors and five nurses.
这个医疗队由五个医生和五个护士组成。
(2)Modern buildings ________ ________ ________ ________ bricks and concrete.
现代楼房主要由砖和水泥建成。
(3)Wood ________ ________ ________ __________ many kinds of furniture.
木头可以制成许多种家具。
【答案】(1)is made up of (2)are mainly made of
(3)can be made into
1．(P43) Generally, the_further south you go, the_colder it will be.
【翻译】一般来说，你越往南走，就越冷。
【考点提炼】
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。
(1)在通常情况下，前一个“the＋比较级”相当于比较状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”为主句。
The more I read the book, the more I liked it.
这本书我越看越喜欢。
(2)有时前一个“the＋比较级”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”为主句，从句不可用将来时。
The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back. 你出发得越早， 回来得就越早。
【归纳拓展】
在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是连系动词be，而且主语不是代词时，此时be常常省略。
The higher the tree (is), the stronger the wind (is)．树大招风。
The more exercise you take, the stronger you are.
锻炼得越多，身体越强壮。
(注意：此句中的联系动词are不能省略。)
【针对练习】
(1)The busier he is, ________ ________ he feels.
他越忙越高兴。
(2) ________ ________ ________ ________， the better you can understand.
你练习得越多，就理解得越透彻。
(3)The better the food is, ________ ________ ________ a restaurant gets.
食物越可口，饭店的生意就越红火。
【答案】(1)the happier (2)The more you practise
(3)the more popular
随堂知能小练
一、单句语法填空
1．The more exercise you take, the __________ (strong) you are.
2．The surrounding forests are home __________ many birds and animals.
3．The cake was decorated to look __________ a car.
4．__________ fact, no one knows what will happen in the future.
5．Sometimes people make up such __________ (amaze) stories.
【答案】1.stronger 2.to 3.like 4.In 5.amazing
二、完成句子
1.________ ________ ________ ________ ________， the better it will be.
你完成得越快越好。
2．This book ________ ________ ________ ________twelve separate short stories.
这本书由12个单独的短故事构成。
3．What parents say and do has a life－long ________ ________ their children.
父母的言行对他们的孩子有终生的影响。
4．I ________ ________ he could follow your advice.
我想知道他是否能听从你的建议。
5．I will ________ ________ ________ ________ him when you are absent.
你不在的时候我会把他照顾好的。
【答案】1.The sooner you finish it
2.is made up of
3．effect on
4.wonder whether/if
5.take good care of(共93张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Period Two Lesson 1
课前自主预习
1．wave n.__________
2．escape vi.& vt._____________
3．survive vi.& vt._____________
4．file n.__________
5．poetry n.___________________
6．soul n.____________
7．frightened adj.___________________
海浪；波涛
逃离；逃避
活下来；幸存
档案，卷宗
诗歌；作诗的艺术
灵魂
受惊的，害怕的
8．__________ adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的
9．__________ n.边缘
10．__________ adj.好奇的
11．__________ n.观察；观察结果
12．__________ adj.相等的；相同的
13．__________ n.面积；长度；范围；程度
14．__________ n.圆管，管子；(伦敦) 地铁
horrible
edge
curious
observation
equal
extent
tube
1．在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
________________
2．在那时 ________________
3．对……好奇 ________________
4．without doing sth. ________________
5．as you can see ________________
6．be unable to do ________________
on the edge of
at that moment
be curious about
没有做某事
正如你看到的
不能做某事
1.______________ (正如你所看到的), the reason why I’m here to tell story is that I made the right decision.(as引导非限制性定语从句)
2．______________ (一……就) I heard the word I became very frightened.(名词引导时间状语从句)
【答案】1.As you can see 2.The moment
Ⅰ．阅读理解
( )1.What impressed you most when you meet the author
A．His white hair.
B．His broken body and soul.
C．His bent body.
D．His real age.
【答案】A
( )2.Why did the author’s elder brother put his mouth close to the author’s ear
A．Because he wanted to tell the author a secret.
B．Because the wind was too strong.
C．Because he was so frightened.
D．Because his brother fell into the sea.
【答案】B
( )3.How did the author act when moving near the edge of the whirlpool
A．He felt sick.
B．He was more frightened.
C．He felt calmer.
D．He felt hopeless.
【答案】C
( )4.Which of the following things in the same size would fall down slowly in the whirlpool
A．A boat. B．A trunk.
C．A ball. D．A barrel.
【答案】D
( )5.Why did the fishermen, his old friends not recognize him at once
A．Because he was too tired.
B．Because his appearance had changed.
C．Because they had not met for years.
D．Because they didn’t believe his story.
【答案】B
Ⅱ．判断正误
( )1.Something terrible happened to the author three years ago.
( )2.The author and his parents met a terrible storm.
( )3.The author felt more frightened when he approached the edge of the whirlpool.
( )4.The author made three important observations in the sea.
( )5.The author made a wrong decision when he was in trouble.
【答案】1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F
课堂新知讲练
1．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避
(P30) to escape
【翻译】逃避
【用法详解】
He escaped from prison in October.
他于10月份越狱逃跑。
He narrowly escaped being killed.
他险些丧命。
The two passengers escaped serious injury.
那两位乘客逃过一劫，没有受重伤。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)The birds __________ ________ (从……逃走) the cage.
(2)Nothing can ______ _______ _______ (避开他的注意)．
(3)As soon as he turned his back，she would make ________ ________ (逃跑)．
【答案】(1)escaped from (2)escape his attention (3)her escape
2．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存
(P30) to survive a storm
【翻译】在暴风雨中生存
(1)survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存
survive sth.从……中幸存下来
survive on sth.靠……存活下来
survive sb.比某人活得长
(2)survivor n.幸存者；生还者
(3)survival n.幸存
【用法详解】
【用法详解】
She survived her husband by 15 years.
她比她丈夫多活了15年。
They survived on leaves when they were lost.
他们迷路时靠吃树叶生存。
These birds are able to survive the freezing weather.
这些鸟能够在寒冷的天气中活下来。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)After the traffic accident，no one ________ (survive) except a few people who were badly injured.
(2)There was no ________ (survive)．
(3)The ________ (survive) from the disaster makes him live another six years.
【答案】(1)survived (2)survivor (3)survival
3．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
Paraphrase: afraid; feeling fear
(P31) The moment I heard the word became very frightened.
【翻译】我一听到这个词就变得非常害怕。
(1)frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
be frightened at…因看到/听到……而感到惊恐
be frightened of doing sth.害怕(做) 某事
be frightened to do sth.不敢做某事
(2)frightening adj.令人害怕的
【用法详解】
He looked very frightened as he spoke.
他说话时显得非常恐惧。
They’re frightened of losing power.
他们害怕失去权力。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The child was ________ (frighten) into silence.
(2)Oh, how __________ (frighten) ! Please turn off the TV, John.
(3)Did the noise ________ (frighten) you
【答案】(1)frightened (2)frightening (3)frighten
4．edge n．边缘
Paraphrase: the part of an object that is furthest from its centre
(P31)We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.
【翻译】我们绕来绕去，越来越接近可怕的漩涡边缘。
(1)edge n.边缘
be on edge紧张不安；激动；烦躁
on the edge of…在……边缘；某事快要发生
(2)edge sb./sth.out (of sth.) 逐渐将……排挤出
【用法详解】
Don’t put that glass so near the edge of the table.
别把那只玻璃杯放在离桌边太近的地方。
I edged nervously past the dog.
我紧张不安地从狗旁边慢慢走过去。
He is standing at the edge of the cliff.
他站在悬崖边上。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The show, despite some rough ________ (edge), was an instant success.
(2)A man is trying to reach out ________ the edge of the bank for the fruit.
完成句子
(3)You always have to ________ ________ ________.You always have to take every practice, every game, like it is your last.
你总是紧张。你总是要抓住每一个练习，每一场比赛，就象它是你最后。
(4)But unlike America, Spain is ________ ________ ________ ________ a debt crisis.
但是，跟美国不同的是，西班牙正处于债务危机的边缘。
【答案】(1)edges (2)on (3)be on edge (4)on the edge of
5．curious adj.好奇的
(P31) After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
【翻译】过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。
(1)curious adj.好奇的
be curious about…对……好奇
be curious to do sth.很想做某事
(2)curiosity n.好奇(心) ；珍品
out of curiosity出于好奇
(3)curiously adv.好奇地
【用法详解】
I’m curious how he will deal with it.
我很想知道他会如何处理这件事。
She watched curiously as I opened the box.
她好奇地看着我打开盒子。
He was bright and curious about the world outside his hometown.
他天资聪颖，对家乡外面的世界充满了好奇。
The child is always curious to find out how everything works.
这孩子总是很好奇，想弄明白一切都是怎么回事。
He kept asking me numerous questions about it out of curiosity.
出于好奇，关于那件事他不停地问了我许多问题。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We were curious ______________ (find) out what had happened.
(2)The cat felt ________ (curious) when she saw her own reflection in the mirror.
(3)It was curious ________ she didn’t tell anyone.
完成句子
(4)She asked the question ________ ________ ________.
她问这个问题是出于好奇心。
(5)The boy ________ ________ ________ the origin of mankind.
这个男孩对人类起源感到好奇。
(6)That girl of yours ________ ________ ________ ________ English.
你的那个女儿非常想学英语。
【答案】(1)to find (2)curious (3)that
(4)out of curiosity (5)is curious about
(6)is curious to learn
6．equal adj.相等的；相同的
Paraphrase: the same in size, number, amount, etc as something else; having the same rights, opportunities, etc as everyone else
(P31) The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly.
【翻译】第一，物体越大，下落得越快；第二，在两个同样大小的物体之间，圆形的物体下落得不那么快。
(1)equal adj.相等的；相同的
be equal to (doing) sth.等于；与……相等；胜任
(2)equally adv.同样地；平等地
(3)equality n.(数量、程度、价值、能力等) 相等；平等
【用法详解】
Men and women have equal rights in China.
在中国，男女平等。
A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.
1磅约等于500克。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Is he your ________ (equal) in swimming
(2)No one __________ (equal) him in courage.
(3)He is equal ________ the task.
【答案】(1)equal (2)equals (3)to
7．jump into 跳入；急于做某事；急速行动
(P31)Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
【翻译】我没有等，就跳进海里试图逃跑。
jump into跳入；急于做某事；急速行动
jump over (使) 跳过
jump out 跳出去
【用法详解】
He jumped over fence.
他跳过了栅栏。
He let down the tailgate so the dog could jump out.
他放下挡板，好让狗跳出去。
If you want to swim you have to jump into the water and swim.
如果你想游泳，你就要跳进水里，游起来。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I was about to jump ________ the hole, when the man in white appeared.
(2)This allows a new player to immediately jump ________ the action.
【答案】(1)over (2)into
8．pick up 接载，搭载；捡起来；不费力地学会
(P31) In the end, a boat picked me up.
【翻译】最后，一艘船把我接走了。
pick up 接载，搭载；捡起；不费力地学会
pick sth.off 去除；剪除；摘掉
pick on sb./sth.(跟某人) 闹别扭；故意刁难挑剔
【用法详解】
Pick off all the dead leaves.
把枯叶全部摘掉。
She was picked on by the other girls because of her size.
她因为个头关系被其他女孩欺负。
I have arranged for a car to pick you up at 2 this afternoon.
我已安排了汽车下午两点去接你。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A driver was sent to pick ________ (I) up and deliver me to the set.
(2)He picked ________ two of her statements which he said were untrue.
完成句子
(3)Where did you ________ ________ your English
你是在哪儿学得英语？
(4)Don’t ________ ________ any of these flowers.
这些花一朵也不要采摘。
(5)When you’re a kid, the older kids sometimes ________ ________ you.
当你是一个孩子的时候，年长的孩子有时候会作弄你。
【答案】(1)me (2)on (3)pick up
(4)pick off (5)pick on
1．(P30) It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
【翻译】不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
【考点提炼】
It takes/will take/ took (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“ (某人) 花费时间做某事”。it在句子中作形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.是句子真正的主语。
【针对练习】
选词填空：cost/pay/spend/take
(1)It ________ Jim two hours to walk to the station.
(2)I have to ________ 20 pounds for this room each month.
(3)I ________ two hours on this maths problem yesterday evening.
(4)How much does your pen ________？
【答案】(1)took (2)pay (3)spent (4)cost
2．(P31)The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
【翻译】一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。
【考点提炼】
the moment “一……就……”，用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
英语中，类似的连词性名词词组还有：
every time每次each time每次 next time下次
the first/second time第一/二次 the last time上次
We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands.
每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。
Every time you smile at someone, you give a gift to him.
每次当你向某个人微笑时，你就给了那个人一件礼物。
The first time I saw her, she was working in the field.
我第一次见到她的时候，她正在地里干活。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， he was playing basketball.
我第一次见他时，他正在打篮球。
(2)I loved the toy ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
我一见这个玩具就喜欢上了。
【答案】(1)The first time I met him
(2)the moment I saw it
课文读练专训
一、课文语法填空
Three years ago, I together with my two brothers risked 1.________ (go) to the sea to get more fish.On the way back, we were caught in 2.________ terrible storm, a whirlpool.A huge wave caused my younger brother 3.________ (fall) into the sea. 4.________ the wind and waves，my elder brother and I went round and round near the edge of the whirlpool.
5.________ (face) with the huge whirlpool, I 6.________ (strange) became calmer, and I made three 7.________ (observe) about 8.________ kind of object would fall down more slowhy. Thanks to these, I 9.________ (survive)．But my elder brother was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool with the boat.Some time later I 10.________ (pick) up by some fishermen.
【答案】1.going 2.a 3.to fall 4.With 5.Faced 6．strangely 7.observations 8.what 9.survived 10．was picked
二、概要写作
根据课文内容，写一篇60词左右的概要。
_______________________________________________
One possible version：
Three years ago, my two brothers and I risked going to the sea to get more fish(要点1)．On the way back, we were caught in a whirlpool, as a result, a huge wave caused my younger brother to fall into the sea(要点2)．Faced with it, I strangely became calmer, and thanks to three observations, I survived(要点3)．But my elder brother was pulled into the whirlpool(要点4)．
突 破 语 法
【我的领悟】
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫_______ _______。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词为________ 。定语从句中关系副词有：________， where和why。关系副词在定语从句中充当__________。
Keys: 定语从句；先行词；when；状语
关系代词和关系副词都可以作定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
关系副词主要有：when, where和why。关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
二、定语从句——关系副词
(一) 关系副词when的用法
when 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“介词＋which”。如：
Can you tell me the time when the film will start
Can you tell me the time at which the film will start
请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗？ (限制性定语从句)
I will never forget the day，when I joined the Party.
I will never forget the day，on which I joined the Party.
我入党的那一天，我永远不会忘记。(非限制性定语从句)
(二) 关系副词where的用法
与when一样，where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于：“介词＋which”。如：
This is the school where I studied a few years ago.
This is the school in which I studied a few years ago.
这就是我几年前读书所在的学校。
Let’s go to the concert，where you will find much fun.
Let’s go to the concert，in which you will find much fun.
我们去音乐演唱会吧，在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。
(三) 关系副词why的用法
why只能引导限制性定语从句，先行词只有reason一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于“for＋which”。如：
Do you know the reason why he is not here now
Do you know the reason for which he is not here now
你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？
4．The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
5．To create an atmosphere __________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
6．Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
7．It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
8．To learn English effectively, you should not only have a good command of the grammar, but understand the culture ________ it is spoken.
9．This picture reminded me of those days ________ we spent very happily and the hut (小屋) ________ we could look over the valley.
10．The reason ________ he has resigned is poor health.
11．I still remember the day ________ I first went to the Great Wall.
12．The day ________ we get together will come soon.
13．The house ________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
14．He is now working in the factory ________ his father worked.
15．The reason ________ he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
【答案】1.when 2.where；that 3.where 4.when
5．where 6.where 7.when 8.where
9．that；from where 10.why 11.when
12．when 13.where 14.where 15.why
二、完成句子
1．April Fool’s Day is ________ ________ __________ people play jokes on friends.
愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。
2．The year 1945 was ________ __________ ________ the Second World War was at an end.
1945年是二战结束的时间。
3．Is there ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ I can buy some flowers
这附近有没有可以买到花的商店？
4．I lost my wallet in ________ ________ ________ we had lunch.
我在我们吃午餐的那家餐馆里丢了钱包。
5.________ ________ ________ I didn’t write to you was that I didn’t know your address.
我不给你写信的原因是我不知道你的地址。
6．Can you tell me ________ ________ ________ you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他生日宴会的原因吗？
7．There are ________ ________ one must give in.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
8．Keep the books in ________ ________ ________ you can find them easily.
请把书放在你容易找到的地方。
【答案】1.a day when 2.the time when
3．a shop near here where 4.the restaurant where
5．The reason why 6.the reason why
7．occasions when 8.a place where
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1．Children were playing in the ________ (海浪)．
2．He __________ (逃离) from prison this morning.
3．Many birds didn’t __________ (幸存) the severe winter.
4．I looked your address up in the personnel ______ (档案)．
5．What kind of ________ (诗) does he like
6．“I will put my heart and ________ (灵魂) into the job，” he promises.
7．He is such a ________ (/'kj ri s/) boy, always asking questions.
8．We will be justly demanding __________ (平等的) rights at work.
【答案】1.waves 2.escaped 3.survive 4.file
5．poetry 6.soul 7.curious 8.equal
二、单句语法填空
1．The murderer attempted __________ (escape) but failed.
2．His __________ (frighten) look showed that he was scared.
3．He __________ (survive) his wife 10 years.
4．____________ (curious) will kill a cat, as the saying goes.
5．To fulfill a successful experiment, you must have the ability to ________ (observation)．
6．________ some extent，you are not a failure.
7．Graduating from Harvard, you are equal ________ the post.
8．He was __________ (shock) to say nothing at the news.
【答案】1.to escape 2.frightened 3.survived
4．Curiosity 5.observe 6.To 7.to 8.shocked
三、完成句子
1．Mencius claims that all people are born kind ________ ________.
孟子主张人性本善。
2．Hearing the ________ news, he was ________ ________ ________ .
听到这个令人震惊的消息，他极为惊骇。
3.________ ________ ________ ________ oneself is the beginning of lifelong romantic.
照顾好自己才是终身浪漫的开始。
4．Spring ________ ________ ________ flowers and hope.
春天是充满鲜花和希望的季节。
5.________ ________ ________ he was absent remained a mystery.
他缺席的原因仍然是个谜。
【答案】1.in nature 2.shocking；at a shock
3．Taking good care of 4.is covered with
5．The reason why(共14张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
美 文 导 入
素养解读：《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》在第4页“学科核心素养”方面指出：英语学科核心素养主要包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。同时，还对“文化意识”的概念进行了阐述：指对中外文化的理解和对优秀文化的认同，是学生在全球化背景下表现出的跨文化认知、态度和行为取向。
下面这篇文章就是围绕“文化意识”这一学科素养展开的。它介绍了农耕与保护野生动物的密切关系，有助于提升同学们在保护野生动物方面的意识。
主题： 人与自然
学科素养：文化意识
难度系数：★★★
Farming and Wildlife Protection
Almost half of the world’s 17,000 wildlife protected areas are being used for farming.A report says using land for agriculture is causing many kinds of plants and animals to disappear.
Farmers must use better farming methods that provide food while protecting wildlife.Experts say ten percent of the land on Earth has been designed to protect wildlife.Yet these nature preserves often share common ground with farms in many poor countries.Many of these areas are where animal species are most at risk.
Experts say many species，in preserves are dying out because of the agricultural areas that surround them.This is because many animals need to move to other places to survive.The limited space in nature preserves cannot fill this need.The lands that would be needed to increase protected areas already are being used to grow food for local people and support local economies.Experts say half of the animal species in the preserves could be lost because their populations are too small to guarantee their survival.
○重要短语
be designed to… 目的是……；被设计用于做……
at risk 在危险中
die out 灭绝
too…too…太……而不能……
○句型精析
The lands that would be needed to increase protected areas already are being used to grow food for local people and support local economies.
分析：该句子中that would be needed to increase protected areas为定语从句，修饰先行词The lands。are being used 是现在进行时的被动语态，是这个句子的谓语，to grow food和support是其目的状语。
译文：增加保护区所需的土地正被用于为当地人民种植粮食和支持当地经济。
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
知道如何表达“人与自然的关系”；
掌握重点词汇和句式；
学习定语从句；
利用“看”的技能预测文章内容。
【素养提升】
学会使用所学词汇和句式号召大家保护大自然，表达对大自然的敬畏以及热爱之情；
学会就保护自然问题表达自己的观点。(共47张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Period One Topic Talk
课前自主预习
1．disaster n.______________
2．flood n.______________
3．drought n.______________
4．hurricane n.______________
5．volcanic adj.__________________________
灾难；灾祸
洪水，水灾
旱灾，干旱
飓风
火山的；由火山作用引起的
6．eruption n.______________
7．wildlife n.__________________________
8．comment n.________________
9．crowded adj._______________________
10．landscape n.______________
爆发
野生动植物，野生生物
评论；意见
拥挤的；挤满人的
风景，景色
11．____________ adj.活的，活着的
12．____________ n.土壤
13．____________ n.气候
14．____________ n.生态；生态学
15．____________ n.(热带) 丛林
16．____________ vt.使震惊；使难以置信
living
soil
climate
ecology
jungle
shock
17．____________ n.讲座，讲课；演讲
18．____________ vt.过度使用；滥用
19．____________ n.百万
20．____________ n.温室，暖房
21．____________ n.题目，标题
lecture
overuse
million
greenhouse
title
1．对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
______________________
2．结果 ________________
3．被……覆盖 ________________
4．实际上 ________________
5．忍受；遭遇 ________________
6．利用 ________________
turn one’s back (on sb./sth.)
as a result
be covered with …
in fact
suffer from
make use of
7．in nature ________________
8．be shocked at… ________________
9．in the future ________________
10．take care of ________________
在自然中
被……震惊
在将来
照顾
Amazing, __________________ (不是吗) (反义疑问句)
【答案】isn’t it
课堂新知讲练
1．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
Paraphrase: full of people or things
(P28) beautiful, quiet, green, busy, crowded
【翻译】美丽，安静，绿色，忙碌，拥挤
(1)crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
(2)crowd n.人群；观众
(3)crowd v．聚集；推，挤
crowd around/round (sb./sth.) 聚集在周围；聚拢
crowd into/onto sth./crowd in 大批涌入(狭小的空间)
【用法详解】
Photographers were crowding around outside.
摄影师聚集在外面。
He made his way through the crowd to the front.
他很艰难地穿过人群走到前面。
We all crowded into her office to sing “Happy Birthday”．
我们全都涌进她的办公室唱《生日快乐》。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Hundreds of thousands of people have ________ (crowd) into the center of Vilnius.
(2)Many people leave their village and crowd ________ cities to find opportunities.
【答案】(1)crowded (2)into
2．command n.& v．命令；控制；掌握
(P29)We cannot command nature except by obeying her.
【翻译】我们只有服从自然，才能驾驭自然。
【用法详解】
The police arrived and took command of the situation.
警察到达后就控制了局势。
The teacher gave a command of beginning, and the game started.
老师一声令下，游戏开始了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)I am ________ your command.What would you like me to do
(2)I have a good command ________ English.
【答案】(1)at (2)of
3．shocking adj.令人震惊的
Paraphrase: very surprising, and difficult to believe
(P102)Wow, the lecture was so shocking. I didn’t know we were harming nature so much.
【翻译】哇，这讲座太令人震惊了。我不知道我们对大自然危害这么大。
(1)shocking adj.令人震惊的
(2)shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；惊愕
to one’s shock令某人震惊的是
(3)shocked adj.感到震惊的
【用法详解】
They were shocked by her rudeness.
他们对她的无礼感到震惊。
It is shocking that so many people got hurt.
令人震惊的是那么多人受伤了。
She knew how much the bad news would shock me.
她知道那个坏消息会使我多么震惊。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The whole world was ________ (shock) when they learned that the earthquake had brought so much damage.
(2)The ________ (shock) news made me realize how terrible problems we would face.
(3)To ________ (I) shock，he lost his passport on his visit to America.
【答案】(1)shocked (2)shocking (3)my
4．as a result 结果
(P29) As a result, nature ________， felt pain, and finally ____________ on us.
【翻译】结果，大自然________，感到了痛苦，最后对我们________。
as a result 结果
without result 毫无结果地
as a result of… 由于……；作为……结果
【用法详解】
The flight was delayed as a result of the fog.
因有雾该航班误点。
As a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one.
结果坏事变成了好事。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The radiant energy of the sun is changed into heat energy, and ________ a result the earth is warmed.
(2)As a result ________ this conflict he lost his home.
【答案】(1)as (2)of
5．make use of 利用
(P102)We tried to make use of nature as much as we could, but we overdid it.
【翻译】我们尽可能多地利用自然，但我们做得过头了。
make use of利用
make good/ full use of…
＝make the best of…
＝make the most of…充分利用……
【用法详解】
You should make use of your time to study.
你应该利用时间学习。
Students who do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams.
没有充分利用时间的学生可能无法通过考试。
If you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have.
如果你没有最好的，你就充分利用现有的。
【针对练习】
(1)We do not know how to ________ ________ ________ this waste gas.
我们不知如何利用这种废气。
(2)Those that ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ their time have none to spare.
善于利用时间的人没有闲睱。
【答案】(1)make use of (2)make the best use of
(P101) Amazing, isn’t it
【翻译】很神奇的，不是吗？
【考点提炼】
该句子中的isn’t it为反义疑问句。
【归纳拓展】
反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称、时态应保持一致。
(1)陈述部分肯定式＋疑问部分否定式
They work here，don’t they
他们在这儿工作，不是吗？
(2)陈述部分否定式＋疑问部分肯定式
The old man wouldn’t believe you，would he
那位老人不相信你，是吗？
(3)陈述部分肯定式＋疑问部分肯定式
Have a cup of tea, will you？喝杯茶，好吗？
※【温馨提示】
(1)若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，few，nothing等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式。
She said nothing，did she
她什么也没说，是吗？
(2)若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如un－，im－，dis－的词，疑问部分仍用否定式。
It is impossible，isn’t it？那是不可能的，是吗？
(3)肯定回答：“Yes＋肯定结构”，否定回答“No＋否定结构”，但是注意“Yes”要译为“不”，“No”要译为“是”。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)—Your sister is a teacher, ________ ________？
—Yes, ________ ________.
——你妹妹是老师，不是吗？
——不，她是老师。
(2)—You can play the guitar, ________ ________？
— ________， I ________.
——你会弹吉他，不是吗？
——是的，我不会。
(3)Tom has a basketball, ________ ________？
汤姆有一个篮球，不是吗？
(4)You want to be an artist when you grow up, ________ ________？
当你长大后你想当一名艺术家，不是吗？
【答案】(1)isn’t she; she is (2)can’t you; No; can’t
(3)doesn’t he (4)don’t you
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1．Losing your job doesn’t have to be such a ______ (灾祸)．
2．The heavy rain has caused __________ (洪水) in many parts of the country.
3．__________ (旱灾) and famines have killed up to two million people here.
4．Its most recent __________ (/ 'r p n/) began in 1992 and ended in 2002.
5．Development of the area would endanger __________ (野生生物)．
6．She made helpful __________ (comment) on my work.
7．In spring the place is always ________ (拥挤的) with skiers.
8．The changed ____________ (景观) looks unnatural and strange.
【答案】1.disaster 2.floods 3.Droughts
4．eruption 5.wildlife 6.comments 7.crowded
8．landscape
二、单句语法填空
1．After a terrible storm, nearly all buildings were ________ (flood)．
2．Flood and ________ (drought) are both threatening to ancient people.
3．__________ (disaster), such as flood and drought are hard to resist.
4．Volcano __________ (erupt) is a leading factor to cause earthquake.
5．Don’t make a comment ________ what you don’t know clearly.
6．Mary and I were separated in the _______ (crowd) square.
7．__________ (deer) are lovely creatures.
8．__________ (overuse) your strength will make you look pushy.
【答案】1.flooded 2.drought 3.Disasters 4．eruption 5.on 6.crowded 7．Deer 8.Overusing
三、完成句子
1．In recent centuries, human kinds have paid more attention to __________ __________.
近些年来，人类更为关注环境污染问题。
2.________ __________ from heart attack several years, he has to take medicine everywhere he goes.
患心脏病多年，无论去哪他都带着药。
3．My teacher is not ________ ________ ________ he looks.
我的老师并不像他看起来那样严肃。
4．By efforts, there are less ________ ________ 20 years ago.
通过努力，污染比20年前少了。
5．Time should ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to achieve one’s life goal.
为了完成人生之志，应该好好利用时间。
【答案】1.environmental pollution 2.Having suffered
3．as strict/serious as 4.pollution than
5．be made good use of(共66张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Period Three Lesson 2
课前自主预习
1．rescue n.& vt._____________
2．vehicle n. _____________
3．trap n. _____________
4．attempt n.& vt. _____________
5．interrupt vt. _____________
营救；救援
交通工具，车辆
困住；使陷于危险之中
努力，尝试，企图
打断讲话
6．death n. _____________
7．loss n. _____________
8．damage n. _________________
9．measure n. _________________
10．operation n. _________________________
11．overseas adv. ________________
死，死亡
丧失；死亡
伤害，损伤，损害
估量，衡量；测量
行动，活动；手术；操作
在海外，在外国
12．__________ n. 场所，地点
13．__________ n. 过程，进程
14．__________ n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
15．__________ n. 职责，义务；责任
16．__________ n. (肉体或精神上的) 痛苦；折磨
17．__________ vt. 实施；进行；执行；vi.& vt.指挥
site
process
battle
duty
suffering
conduct
18．__________ n.保护；防护
19．__________ n. 灯
20．__________ adv.附近
21．__________vi.& vt. 呼吸
22．__________ n.灰尘；尘埃
protection
lamp
nearby
breathe
dust
1．吸气 __________________
2．用完；耗尽 __________________
3．打电话 __________________
4．导致死亡 __________________
5．try one’s best to do __________________
6．take part (in) __________________
7．be proud of… __________________
breathe in
run out (of)
talk on the phone
cause death
尽某人最大努力
参加
以……为骄傲
______________ (听起来像) a very challenging process.(省略主语)
【答案】Sounds like
课堂新知讲练
1．trap vt.困住；使陷入危险中
(P34) Rescue team try to save people trapped under buildings.
【翻译】救援队试图营救被困在建筑物下面的人。
(1)trap vt.困住；使陷入危险中
be trapped in… 困在……里；陷入……
(2)trap n.(捕捉动物的) 陷阱；捕捉器；圈套；伏击；牢笼，困境
set a trap 设陷阱
be caught in a trap 落入圈套；落入陷阱
【用法详解】
Set a trap over that mouse hole.
把夹子放在那个鼠洞上面。
He was trapped in a no－win situation.
他陷入必败的处境。
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I ________ my fingers in the car door.
我的手指被车门夹住了。
(2)I feel I ________ ________ ________ my job.
我觉得被工作缠住了。
(3)He ________ ________ ________ the crashed car and couldn’t move his legs.
他被困在撞坏的汽车里，两腿动弹不得。
(4)The police ________ ________ ________ to catch the thief.
警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。
(5)Some time after this, the lion ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ .
一段时间后，狮子落入了陷阱。
【答案】(1)trapped (2)am trapped in
(3)was trapped in (4)set a trap
(5)was caught in a trap
2．attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图
(P34) In a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake.
【翻译】在尼泊尔地震期间的一次救援行动中。
【用法详解】
He made an attempt on the world record.
他试图打破世界纪录。
They attempted to finish the task in advance.
他们试图提前完成这项任务。
I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
我第一次考驾照就通过了。
I have persuaded him to give up the attempt.
我已经说服他放弃这种尝试了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)They failed in their attempt __________ (occupy) the island.
(2)Shirley had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at first ________ (attempt)．
完成句子
(3)Another way of looking at this is to ________ ________ ________ ________ discovering the authorial intent.
看待这个问题的另一种方法是试着发掘作者的意图。
(4)Do you ever give false information ________ ________ ________ ________ protect your privacy online
你曾提供假的资料来保护隐私吗？
(5)She passed her driving test _____ ______ ______ _____.
她首次尝试就通过了驾驶考试。
(6)“We shall ________ ________ ________ this question in this book，” he wrote.
“我们将试图在这本书中回答这个问题，”他写道。
【答案】(1)to occupy (2)attempt
(3)make an attempt at (4)in an attempt to
(5)at the first attempt (6)attempt to answer
3．loss n.丧失；死亡
(P102) As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
【翻译】众所周知，地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和损害。
【用法详解】
Cut your losses, let your profits run.
斩断亏损，让利润奔跑。
I’m at a loss what to do next.
我对下一步做什么心里没谱。
The closure of the factory will lead to a number of job losses.
工厂倒闭会使许多人失业。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The allies suffered less than 20 casualties(伤亡人数) while enemy ________ (loss) were said to be high.
(2)A firm might sometimes sell at ________ loss to drive a competitor out of business.
【答案】(1)losses (2)a
4．damage n.伤害，损伤，损害
(P102) As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
【翻译】众所周知，地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和损害。
damage n.伤害，损伤，损害
damage sth.＝do/cause damage to sth.
损坏某物；对……造成损坏
【用法详解】
The accident did a lot of damage to his car.
这一事故让他的汽车损坏得很厉害。
These chemicals can cause damage to the liver, heart, and kidneys.
这些化学药品会使肝脏、心脏和肾脏受到损害。
Smoking has seriously damaged his health, so it’s high time to give it up.
吸烟严重损害了他的健康，所以他该戒烟了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Several weeks later most of the buildings which had ________ (damage) were repaired.
(2)This could cause serious damage ________ the country’s economy.
(3)He was vindicated (辩护) in court and ________ (damage) were awarded.
【答案】(1)been damaged (2)to (3)damages
5．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量
Paraphrase: to find the size, quantity, etc of something in standard units
(P102) As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
【翻译】众所周知，地震、洪水和山体滑坡等自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和损害。
(1)measure vt.估量，衡量；测量
measure up to/with sth.达到/符合……标准
(2)measure 还可作名词，意为：措施；方法；尺度
make measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
make…to one’s own measure 按某人的尺寸做……
【用法详解】
The metre is a measure of length.
米是长度单位。
Does your diet measure up
你的饮食符合标准吗？
The tailor made a suit to my measure.
裁缝是按我自己的尺寸做了一套衣服。
We should take appropriate measures to improve our teaching.
我们应当采取适当的措施提高教学质量。
Over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.
三百多名科学家致力于找到治理沙漠化的方法。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It’s high time that we took ________ (measure) to protect endangered animals.
(2)I had the suit made ________ my measure.
(3)A grammar school’s success ________ (measure) in terms of the number of pupils who got into university.
【答案】(1)measures (2)to (3)was measured
6．search n．& v．搜索；搜寻；搜查；查找
Paraphrase: an attempt to find someone or something
(P102) Today, Mr Wang from China International Search and Rescue Team is here to tell us all about this.
【翻译】今天，来自中国国际搜救队的王先生将为我们讲述这一切。
search n.& v．搜索；搜寻；搜查；查找
search sth./sb.out找出；查到；搜寻到
search for 寻找；搜索
in search of 寻找；寻求
【用法详解】
I’ve searched high and low for those files.
我为了找那些文件，四处都翻遍了。
Fighter pilots searched out and attacked enemy aircraft.
战斗机驾驶员发现敌机后便进行攻击。
Detectives carried out a thorough search of the building.
侦探对那栋大楼进行了彻底的搜查。
It was a place to which some families came in search of health and quiet.
这是一些家庭寻求健康和静谧的场所。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The Turkish security forces have started ________ (search) for the missing men.
(2)Scientists in search ________ a challenging career could do worse than consider forensic science.
【答案】(1)searching (2)of
7．suffering n.(肉体或精神上的) 痛苦；折磨
(P102) But it’s our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.
【翻译】但我们有责任尽最大努力减少苦难和生命的损失。
(1)suffering n.(肉体或精神上的) 痛苦；折磨
(2)suffer vt.& vi.受苦；遭受(磨难)
(3)suffer from 受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病
【用法详解】
Death finally brought an end to her suffering.
死亡终于结束了她的痛苦。
※【拓展提升】
suffer用作及物动词时意为“遭受；蒙受”，后接pain, damage, defeat, loss, poverty, hunger等名词；
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He was eventually diagnosed as ________ (suffer) from terminal cancer.
(2)Last week I suffered ________ a headache.
(3)His many novels have portrayed the ________ (suffering) of his race.
【答案】(1)suffering (2)from (3)sufferings
8．move away from 远离
(P103) OK, if I’m outdoors, move away from any buildings or streetlights.If I’m indoors, stay away from anything that can break or fall.
【翻译】好的，如果我在户外，请远离任何建筑物或路灯。如果我在室内，远离任何可能断裂或掉落的东西。
move away from 远离
move forward 往前移动
to move away from 走出；停止
【用法详解】
He cannot move away from any decision once he has made it.
一旦做了什么决定他就再也不会改变了。
You may change your job, or be forced to move away from familiar territory.
你也许换工作，或者被迫离开熟悉的领域。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Were you encouraged to move away __________ home
(2)When I graduate, I will move ________ from California.
【答案】(1)from (3)away
9．breathe vi. & vt.呼吸
(P103) This is because shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
【翻译】这是因为大喊大叫会让你吸入大量危险的灰尘。
(1)breathe vi. & vt.呼吸
breathe sth. in 吸入(气体)
breathe sth. out呼出(气体)
(2)breath n.呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁
【用法详解】
He breathed deeply before speaking again.
他深深吸一口气，然后继续说下去。
The air was so cold we could hardly breathe.
空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。
Humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。
His illness is a result of breathing in paint fumes over many years.
他的病是多年吸入油漆气味引起的。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A thirteen year old girl is being treated after ________ (breathe) in smoke.
(2)After running for almost an hour, he was _______ of breath.
(3)The doctor asked me to breathe _________， then to breathe out fully.
【答案】(1)breathing (2)out (3)in
10．run out 用完；耗尽
(P103)Well, I’d love to know more, but, unfortunately, we’ve run out of time.
【翻译】好吧，我想知道更多，但是，不幸的是，我们已经没有时间了。
(1)run out 用完；耗尽(物作主语)
(2)run out of 用光(人作主语)
(3)use up用完(及物动词短语，人作主语)
【用法详解】
My patience is running out.
我快没有耐心了。
I’m running out of patience.
我快没有耐心了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Local authorities will run out ________ money to pass way the financial year.
(2)Conditions are getting worse and supplies are ________ (run) out.
【答案】(1)of (2)running
(P102)Sounds like a very challenging process.
【翻译】听起来像一个极具挑战的过程。
【考点提炼】
在该句子中，Sounds 前面省略了主语It。
【归纳拓展】
在句法上，常见的省略有：
1．主语的省略
(You) Come early tomorrow.明天早点来。
(I) Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
(It) Doesn’t matter.没关系。
Why (do) not (you/we) play football this afternoon
今天下午(你们)我们为什么不踢足球呢？
2．在口语中的省略
—How is your mother today 今天你的母亲怎样？
—(My mother is) Much better.好多了。
3．在祈使句中的省略
Open the door，please.请打开门。
4．在感叹句中的省略
What a boy! 多么(好的/棒的) 男孩呀！
How they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)—Let’s go to the cinema this weekend.
— ________ __________ !
——我们周末去看电影吧。
——太棒了！
(2)—I have to walk to work.My car has broken down.
— ________ __________？
——我得步行去上班。我的车坏了。
——怎么了？
(3) ________ __________ the result
结果怎么样呢？
【答案】(1)Sounds great (2)Anything wrong
(3)How about
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1．He __________ (营救) a child from drowning.
2．Are you the driver of this ________ (车辆)
3．They were ____________ (困住) in the burning building.
4．They made several __________ (尝试) to escape.
5．They were ____________ (打断) by a knock at the door.
6．Two children were burnt to ________ (死亡) in the fire.
7．Nothing can compensate(赔偿) for the ________ (丧失) of one’s health.
8．The storm didn’t do much __________ (/'d m d /)．
【答案】1.rescued 2.vehicle 3.trapped
4．attempts 5.interrupted 6.death 7.losses 8.damage
二、单句语法填空
1.____________ (rescue) had abandoned all the hope of finding any more survivors.
2．Both men were ____________ (trap) inside the burning car.
3．It is bad manners ____________ (interrupt) others when they speak.
4．The pains and ____________ (suffer) caused by the road accident were so great.
5．My aunt ____________ (conduct) her business very successfully.
【答案】1.Rescuers 2.trapped 3.to interrupt
4．sufferings 5.conducts
三、完成句子
1．He failed in his attempt ________ __________ ________ ________.
他试图获得头等奖，但却失败了。
2．I think it is urgent that we should ________ __________ __________ to protect our environment.
我认为，我们非常迫切需要采取措施保护环境。
3．When you __________ ________ __________ any performance，you get out as much as you put in.
当你参加任何活动时，你投入多少力量就会得到多少收获。
4.________ ________ ________ __________ ________ the classroom today.
今天打扫教室是我的职责。
5．He just likes to ________ ________ __________ ________ . You’ll get through.
他最喜欢煲电话粥了，你等等会接通的。
【答案】1.to win first prize 2.take some measures
3．take part in 4.It’s my duty to clean
5．talk on the phone(共91张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Period Four Lesson 3
课前自主预习
1．explorer n.________________________
2．preparation n._____________
3．ski n._____________ vi.__________
4．captain n.________________
5．polar adj.____________________
6．base n.______________________ vt.________________
7．anxiously adv.________________
8．ambition n._________________________
探险者；勘察者
预备，准备
滑雪板
滑雪
队长；组长
极地的，地极的
基地，大本营；基础
以……为基地
焦虑地；不安地
抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
9．____________ n.探险；探索
10．__________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
11．__________ vt.证明；证实
12．__________ adj.久远的；遥远的
13．__________ n.洲，大洲；大陆
14．__________ n.坦诚；诚实，正直
15．__________ n.真诚，诚挚，诚实
16．__________ n.勇气；勇敢的行为
exploration
cheerful
prove
distant
continent
honesty
sincerity
bravery
1．开始意识到 ____________________
2．在某人回来的路上 ____________________
3．做某事有困难 ______________________
4．carry on ____________________
5．fail to do sth. ____________________
6．break down ____________________
start to realise
on one’s way back
have difficulty in doing sth.
继续
没能够做某事
停止运转，出故障
1.__________________ (然后是) the total darkness of the polar winter.(完全倒装)
2．Amundsen was ____________________ (第一个离开) on 8 September, 1911.(the first to do)
【答案】1.Then came 2.the first to leave
Ⅰ．阅读理解
( ) 1.What other thing can we infer in the message from Roald Amundsen
A．They asked when Scott would leave.
B．They wanted to compete with Scott.
C．They asked what Scott had prepared.
D．They gave Scott a map to Antarctica.
【答案】B
( ) 2.What’s Scott’s fisrt problem
A．They were short of food.
B．Their houses had difficulties with snow.
C．They lost the direction to the polar.
D．Two of their sledges broke down.
【答案】D
( ) 3.When had Amundsen planned to come back to the starting base
A．On 25 January 1912.
B．On 8 September 1911.
C．On 5 February 1912.
D．On 14 December 1911.
【答案】C
( ) 4.What did they find at the Pole
A．They found a Norwegian flag.
B．They found an empty tent.
C．They found some diaries.
D．They found their hopeless situation.
【答案】A
( ) 5.Why did Amundsen regard Scott and his men as heroes
A．Because of their great courge.
B．Because Scott and his men were dead.
C．Because Scott and his men set a record.
D．Because Scott and his men reached the Pole.
【答案】A
Ⅱ．判断正误
( ) 1.Scott and Amundsen from the same country began their race to the Pole.
( ) 2.Both teams organized food bases for their journeys the next year.
( ) 3.Scott was the first to leave and reached the Pole.
( ) 4.Amundsen and his men arrived safely back.
( ) 5.Difficulties, hunger, disease and disaster fell on Scott’s team, which made the whole team lost not only their race but their lives.
【答案】1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T
课堂新知讲练
1．preparation n.预备，准备
(P36)What preparations do they need to make
【翻译】他们需要做哪些准备？
【用法详解】
I’ll prepare her to face the difficulty.
我要教她准备面对困难。
My teacher prepared me for the final exam.
老师让我们为期末考试做准备。
Mother is preparing dinner.
母亲正在准备晚饭。
She prepares to hold a birthday party.
她准备开一个生日派对。
Are you prepared to go camping
你做好准备去露营了吗？
His poor preparation resulted in the failure in examination.
考试失败是由于他准备不充分。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)The couple have prepared ________ ________ ________ the difficulty.
那对夫妇已做好面对困难的准备了。
(2)He laid the table ________ ________ __________ dinner.
他摆好桌子，准备吃晚饭。
(3)The students are making ________ __________ the coming exam.
学生们正在为考试做准备。
【答案】(1)themselves to face
(2)in preparation for/to prepare for
(3)preparations for
2．base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
(P36) During the polar summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
【翻译】在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都组织了食物基地，为来年的旅行做准备。
(1)base n.基地，大本营；基础
an air base 空军基地
(2)base vt.以……为基地
base…on/upon… 以……为基础
(3)basis n.基础
(4)basic adj.基础的；基本的；根本的
【用法详解】
What are you basing this theory on
你这种理论的根据是什么？
These facts are basic to an understanding of the case.
这些事实是了解这一案件的重要依据。
I did research in a base in outer space called space station.
我在太空一个叫太空站的基地进行研究。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The story is based ________ facts.
(2)She was chosen on the _____ (base) of her talent of music.
(3)The soldiers were put through eight weeks of ________ (base) training.
【答案】(1)on (2)basis (3)basic
3．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
(P36) Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
【翻译】斯科特和阿蒙森焦虑地等待春天的到来。
(1)anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
(2)anxious adj.焦急的；渴望……的
be anxious about sb./sth.为某人/某事担心
be anxious for sth.渴望某事
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人) 做某事
【用法详解】
She is anxious about the coming exam.
她担心即将到来的考试。
He is anxious to visit the Great Wall.
他渴望去参观长城。
Their friends have been waiting anxiously for more news.
他们的朋友渴望得到更多的消息。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)The little boy ________ ________ ________ the toy car.
那个小男孩很想要玩具小汽车。
(2)The workers were ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ as soon as possible.
工人们盼望经理尽快到来。
(3)Some of them seemed ________ ________ ________ ________.
他们中有些人似乎对这次会议很担忧。
【答案】(1)is anxious for
(2)anxious for their manager to come
(3)anxious about the meeting
4．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
Paraphrase: a strong desire to achieve something
(P37)Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition…
【翻译】好吧，我们现在已经失去了雄心壮志的目标……
(1)ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
the ambition to do sth/of doing sth.做某事的抱负
(2)ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的
【用法详解】
The young are mostly ambitious.
年轻人多半有雄心。
Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.
他们的雄心壮志最终被埋葬了。
She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
她一直未能实现当名作家的夙愿。
【易混辨析】
ambition/aspiration/desire
词语 用法
ambition 可用于褒义或贬义，常后接介词 of 或动词不定式
aspiration 一般用复数，常含褒义，常后接介词 for 或动词不定式
desire 一般指有强烈的目的和意图，后面常接动词不定式、介词 for 或 that 从句
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He has the great ambition of ________ (run) a company on his own.
(2)He knew nothing about their aspirations ______ the future.
(3)He has the aspiration ________ (earn) a lot of money.
(4)Her partners have a strong desire ________ (win)．
【答案】(1)running (2)for (3)to earn (4)to win
5．condition n.条件；状况
(P37) The weather conditions were terrible.
【翻译】天气很糟糕。
【用法详解】
Your car is in bad condition.
你的车状况很差。
The house is now in excellent condition.
这个房子现在很好。
Their living conditions were terrible.
他们的居住条件很糟糕。
I tried other computers but they were in worse condition.
我又试了其他电脑，状况更差。
You may borrow the book，on condition that you shall return it in time.
你如果能及时还书就可以借。
※【拓展提升】
condition意为：
①情形、状态；健康状态，这时为可数或不可数名词；
②条件；地位；环境，为可数名词；
③表示(周围的) 状况、情况、形势时，用复数形式。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Walk to work every day and you’ll soon be back ________ good condition.
(2)Tom lent me the money ________ condition that I pay it back next month.
(3)On ________ condition will I tell you the secret.
【答案】(1)in (2)on (3)no
6．prove vt.证明；证实
Paraphrase: to use facts, evidence, etc to show something is true
(P37) Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
【翻译】后来，这些岩石证明，在遥远的过去，南极大陆曾一度被植物覆盖。
prove vt.证明；证实
prove that＋从句 证明……
prove sth.证实某事
prove＋n.＋to be 结果是；证明为
【用法详解】
The play proved (to be) very good.
这场话剧最终被证明不错。
How did you prove that he was the robber
你如何证明他就是那个强盗？
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Can you _______ _______ _______ ________ ______？
你能向我们证明你的理论吗？
(2)The weather forecast ________ ________ ________ accurate on the next day.
那次的天气预报在第二天被证明是准确的。
(3)She has ________ ________ __________.
她的表现表明她很诚实。
【答案】(1)prove your theory to us
(2)proved to be
(3)proved herself honest
7．break down 停止运转；出故障
(P36) First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
【翻译】先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
break down停止运转；出故障
break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等) 爆发
break away from脱离；逃离
break off中断；折断；突然停止
break through突破；克服
break up (使)分裂；分手；结束(婚姻关系)；(使)解散
【用法详解】
My car broke down.
我的车抛锚了。
Police had to break up the crowd.
警察不得不驱散人群。
There is still scope for new writers to break through.
新作家们还有突破的空间。
The room is in a mess.It must have been broken into.
房间里一团糟，肯定有人闯入了。
Dad would occasionally break in with a suggestion.
爸爸偶尔会插话，提出建议。
Talks have broken down over the disputed territory.
对有争议的领土问题的谈判破裂了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The thieves broke _____ his house and stole a lot of money.
(2)When World War I broke ________， he seemed to have become another man.
(3)Don’t work on too much work, or else your health will break __________.
【答案】(1)into (2)out (3)down
8．have difficulties with… 在……方面有困难
(P36) First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
【翻译】先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
have difficulty/difficulties with…在……方面有困难/麻烦
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦/困难
have a problem/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/问题
have trouble with sb./sth.
在……方面有麻烦；与……之间有麻烦
【用法详解】
I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.
我对你不善于交朋友感到遗憾。
We had much trouble persuading her to leave.
我们费了很大劲才说服她离开。
※【拓展提升】
在“做某事有困难”的结构中，trouble和difficulty意为“困难，麻烦”，是不可数名词，不和不定冠词a/an连用，但可以用any, little，much，no，some等来修饰，problem是可数名词。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)When Peter speaks in public，he always has difficulties __________ (think) of the right things to say.
(2)He has some trouble __________ his classmates，but he has no difficulty ________ doing his lessons.
【答案】(1)thinking (2)with; in
9．carry on 继续；坚持
(P37) Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.
【翻译】斯科特和他的两名队员继续前进，距离他们的一个食物基地不到11英里。
carry on 继续；坚持
carry through 成功地完成某事
carry away 带走；搬走；冲走
carry off 赢得；获得(奖品等)
carry out 实施；执行
【用法详解】
Don’t stop，and carry on please.
别停下，请继续进行。
She carried off the first prize.
她获得了一等奖。
He carried through the work.
他完成了那个工作。
We’ve decided to carry out the plan at once.
我们决定立即实施这项计划。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)You should carry it ________ once you’ve made your promise.
(2)They decided to carry ________ their walk in spite of the weather.
【答案】(1)out (2)on
1．(P36) Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
【翻译】然后是极地冬季的完全黑暗。
【考点提炼】
本句是由then开头的完全倒装句。
【归纳拓展】
使用完全倒装的情况有以下几种：
(1)以 here，there，in，up，down，away 等副词开头且主语是名词时(但是主语是代词时，主谓要用正常语序)。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.在山顶上有一座庙。
(2)以 then，now，thus，such开头，主语又是名词时。
Now comes your turn.现在该你了。
(3)表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词，主谓需倒装。
Between the two windows hangs a large map of China.
一幅巨大的中国地图挂在两个窗户之间。
Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.
一群游客沿着一条布满灰尘的路走来。
(4)表语置于句首，保持句子平衡，以示强调，或上下文衔接需倒装。其结构是：
介词短语/形容词/分词＋be＋主语
Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.
在诊所外面有20个病人。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Present at the meeting __________ (be) experts from Europe.
完成句子
(2) ________ ________ the news that he only came second.
后来有消息说他只获得了第二名。
【答案】(1)were (2)Then came
2．(P36) Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911.
【翻译】1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个离开。
【考点提炼】
the first to leave 意为“第一个离开”。
【归纳拓展】
该结构为：the first (n.) ＋to do…句式，动词不定式作定语，相当于一个定语从句。
He is always the first student to come to our classroom.
他总是第一个来我们教室的学生。
被修饰词是序数词，最高级，the only，the last等时或被该类词修饰时多用不定式作定语。
They are the last guests to arrive.
他们是最后到达的客人。
He was one of the first to collect Picasso paintings.
他是最早收集毕加索画的人之一。
I arrived first.The next to arrive was Jim.
我是第一个到的。第二个到达的是吉姆。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He was the first ________ (be) there.
(2)His first book ________ (publish) next month is based on a true story.
【答案】(1)to be (2)to be published
语 音 时 空
一、名词后缀
1．－ster，－eer，－er(or)意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人。例词：engineer，profiteer，mountaineer, auctioneer，driver，teacher，director，actor，professor
2．－let 意为：小或者不重要的东西。例词：booklet，leaflet
3．－ess 意为： 女性 (female)。例词： actress, poetess, hostess, paintress
4．－hood 意为：时期。例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood
5．－ship 意为： 才能， 状态， 资格， 品质等。例词：leadership，friendship，membership，lectureship, sportsmanship
6．－ful 意为：量。例词： cupful，handful, mouthful，spoonful
7．－tion，－ion 意为：1)状态， 行动等。例词： action, oppression, possession, education, starvation 2)机构等。例词： organization, foundation
8．－ment 意为：状态，行动等。例词： movement，pavement
9．－al意为： 动作。例词： arrival, refusal, revival, recital, removal
10．－age 意为： 程度， 数量等。例词：wastage，coverage, acreage，shrinkage，breakage, hostage
11．－ness；－ity(ty) 意为：状态，品质。例词： happiness, usefulness, selfishness, kindness, rapidity, activity, sanity，changeability
12．－ism 意为：道义，主义，学说等。例词：idealism, impressionism，racism
二、 动词后缀
1．－ify 意为：转为，变为。例词：beautify, diversify, simplify
2．－ize；－en 意为：使……，变得…… 例词： modernize, popularize, legalize, hospitalize, symbolize, ripen, widen, heighten, threaten
3．－ate 意为：增加，使…… 例词：originate，validate, differentiate
4．－ee 意为：……人。例词：interviewee
三、形容词后缀
1．－ful 意为：充满，有。例词： useful, pitiful，hopeful, helpful，forgetful, thankful，fearful
2．－less 意为： 没有，无。例词： speechless, childless, harmless, hopeless，meaningless
3．－ly 意为：有……品质的。例词：beastly，manly, brotherly，friendly
4．－like 意为：像……的。例词： childlike，statesmanlike，tigerlike
5．－y；－ish 意 为： 像……一般的。例词： meaty, sandy, silky, hairy, leafy, watery，foolish，girlish，blackish，thinnish
6．－some 意为：像……一 样的；引起……的；有……品质的。例词： troublesome, burdensome, wholesome, tiresome, bothersome
7．－able (ible) 意为： 能……的； 可以……的。例词：changeable, readable，drinkable，comfortable，expansible，convincible
8．－ed 意为：有……的。例词：wooded，pointed，moneyed, oddshaped
9．－al 意为：有……属性的，……类型的。例词：cultural，personal, regional, musical
10．－ary(ory)意为：属于……的， 与……相连的。例词： revolutionary, imaginary, contradictory
11．－ic(ical)意为：……类的；属于……的。例词： historic，historical，methodic，methodical, dramatic，heroic
12．－ive 意为：有……属性的；有某种倾向的。例词：attractive, talkative, restrictive，defensive，preventive，constructive, sensitive
四、副词后缀
1．－ly 意为：以……方式。例词：happily, boldly，attentively, strangely
2．－ward (s) 意为： 表示方式或动作的方向。例词：onward(s), backward(s), earthward(s), homeward(s), eastward(s)
3．－wise 意为：
1)按照……方式。例词：clockwise
2)就……而言。例词：weatherwise，educationwise
4．According to a fo mous international organisation, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
5．It is __________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
6．However, be __________ (care) not to go to extremes.
7．Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
8．The Central London Railway was one of the most __________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
【答案】1.officially 2.energetic 3.actually 4.global 5.certainly 6.careful 7.fairly 8.successful
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1．The __________ (探险者) told fantastic stories of his adventures.
2．Careful ____________ (准备) for the exam is essential.
3．We went __________ (/'ski /) in France in March.
4．His __________ (诚实) is not in question.
5．She was __________ (队长) of the hockey team at school.
6．It’s very cold in the ________ (极地的) regions.
7．These policies have a broad __________ (基础) of support.
8．He is __________ (/' k sli/) awaiting the result of the medical tests.
【答案】1.explorer 2.preparation 3.skiing
4．honesty 5.captain 6.polar 7.base 8.anxiously
二、单句语法填空
1.__________ (honest) and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
2．Nobody that I spoke to doubted his __________ (sincere) as a politician.
3．The young man was praised by the government for his __________ (brave) and received a reward for good measure.
4．If I fail ________ (find) it，I will get a new book for you.
5．You can find the way to prepare __________ a wedding ceremony in the book.
6．I hope more and more people start __________ (realise) this.
7．The 30－year－old singer has a strong fan base __________ England.
8．Get __________ (prepare) so that you can set off immediately if something happens.
【答案】1.Honesty 2.sincerity 3.bravery
4．to find 5.for 6.to realise 7.in 8.prepared
三、完成句子
1．Then ________ ________ ________.
然后校长来了。
2．I will have ________ ________ ________ this afternoon.
今天下午我要去理发。
3.________ ________ ________ ________ Jane said nothing.
在回来的路上，Jane一句话也没有说。
4．Chen Wei is afraid of the situation.He ________ ________ ________ communicating with others.
陈伟害怕这种情况，他很难和别人沟通。
5．Her bravery has given him the will ________ ________ ________ with his life and his work.
她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。
【答案】1.came the headteacher 2.my hair cut
3．On her way back 4.has difficulty in 5.to carry on(共28张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
单元要点回顾
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 1.disaster n.______________
2.flood n.______________
3.drought n.______________
4.hurricane n.______________
5.volcanic adj.__________________________
6.wildlife n.________________________
7.weed n.______________
8.deer n.____________
灾难；灾祸
洪水，水灾
旱灾，干旱
飓风
火山的；由火山作用引起的
野生动植物，野生生物
野草；海藻
鹿
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 9.insect n.____________
10.whale n.____________
11.dolphin n.____________
12.shark n.____________
13.kangaroo n.____________
14.eagle n.____________
15.fox n.____________
16.soil n.____________
昆虫
鲸
海豚
鲨(鱼)
袋鼠
鹰
狐狸
土壤
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 17.jungle n.____________
18.file n.____________
19.tube n.____________
20.vehicle n.____________
21.lamp n.____________
22.nearby adv.____________
23.ski n.___________ vt._________
24.boot n.____________
(热带)丛林
档案，卷宗
圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
交通工具，车辆
灯
附近
滑雪板
滑雪
靴子
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 25.captain n.____________
26.polar adj.______________
27.continent n.____________
28.brochure n.____________
29.shelter n.____________
30.aftershock n.____________
31.metal n.____________
32.skiing n.____________
队长；组长
极地的，地极的
洲，大洲；大陆
小册子
避难所
(地震的)余震
金属
滑雪运动
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 1.____________ n.评论；意见
2.____________ n.风景；景色
3.____________ adj.活的；活着的
4.____________ n.气候
5.____________ n.生态学
6.____________ n.讲座，讲课；演讲
7.____________ vt.过度使用；滥用
8.____________ n.百万
comment
landscape
living
climate
ecology
lecture
overuse
million
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 9.____________ n.温室；暖房
10.____________ n.题目；标题
11.____________ n.海浪；波涛
12.____________ vi.& vt.逃离；逃避
13.____________ n.诗歌；作诗的艺术
14.____________ n.灵魂
15.____________ n.边缘
16.____________ n.面积；长度；范围；程度
greenhouse
title
wave
escape
poetry
soul
edge
extent
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 17.____________ n.& vt.营救，救援
18.____________ vt.困住；使陷于危险中
19.____________ n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图
20.____________ n.伤害，损伤，损害
21.____________ vt.估量，衡量；测量
22.____________ adv.在海外，在外国
23.____________ n.场所；地点
24.____________ n.过程，进程
rescue
trap
attempt
damage
measure
overseas
site
process
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 25.__________ n.较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
26.__________ n.职责，义务；责任
27.__________ vt.实施；进行；执行；vi.& vt.指挥
28.__________ n.保护；防护
battle
duty
conduct
protection
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 1．____________ n.爆发
→ ____________ vt.爆发
2．____________ adj.拥挤的
→ ____________ n.人群；众多
3．____________ vt.使震惊；使难以置信
→ ____________ adj.感到震惊的
→ ____________ adj.令人震惊的
eruption
erupt
crowded
crowd
shock
shocked
shocking
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 4．____________ vi.& vt.活下来；幸存
→ ____________ n.生存；幸存
→ ____________ n.幸存者
5．____________ adj.受惊的；害怕的
→ ____________ vt.使害怕
→ ____________ adj.令人害怕的
6．___________ adj.可怕的；吓人的；令人恐惧的
→ ____________ n.惊骇；令人恐怖的事物
survive
survival
survivor
frightened
frighten
frightening
horrible
horror
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 7．____________ adj.好奇的
→ ____________ adv.好奇地
→ ____________ n.好奇心
8．____________ n.观察；观察结果
→ ____________ vt.观察
9．___________ adj.相等的；相同的
→ ___________ adv.相等地；平等地
→ __________ n.平等；相等
curious
curiously
curiosity
observation
observe
equal
equally
equality
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 10.____________ vt.打断讲话
→ ____________ n.打断
11．____________ n.死；死亡
→ ____________ adj.死亡的
→ ____________ vi.死亡
12．____________ n.丧失；死亡
→ __________ vi.& vt.遗失；错过； 失败；受损失
interrupt
interruption
death
dead
die
loss
lose
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 13．____________ n.行动；活动；手术；操作
→vi.& vt.____________ 运转；动手术；操作；经营；对……开刀；行动
→ ____________ n.经营者；操作员；运营商；话务员
14．____________ n.(肉体或精神上的) 痛苦；折磨
→ __________ vi.& vt. 遭受；忍受；受痛苦；受损害
operation
operate
operator
suffering
suffer
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 15．____________ vi.& vt.呼吸
→ ____________ n.呼吸
16．____________ n.灰尘；尘埃
→ ____________ adj.灰尘覆盖的；粉状的
17．____________ n.预备；准备
→ ____________ vi.& vt.准备
breathe
breath
dust
dusty
preparation
prepare
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 18.____________ n.基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地
→ ____________ adj.基本的
→ ____________ n.基础
19．____________ adv.焦虑地；不安地
→ ____________ adj.焦虑的；不安的
→ ____________ n.焦虑；渴望
base
basic
basis
anxiously
anxious
anxiety
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 20．____________ n.抱负；雄心；追求；夙愿
→ ____________ adj.有抱负的；有雄心壮志的
21．____________ n.探险；探索
→ ____________ vt.探险；探索
22．____________ adj.高兴的；兴高采烈的
→ ____________ vi.& vt.欢呼；加油；安慰；鼓舞；(使) 高兴起来
ambition
ambitious
exploration
explore
cheerful
cheer
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 23．____________ vt.证明；证实
→ ____________ n.证明；证据
24．____________ adj.久远的；远的
→ ____________ n.距离；远处
25．____________ n.坦诚；诚实；正直
→ ____________ adj.诚实的
→ ____________ adv.诚实地
prove
proof
distant
distance
honesty
honest
honestly
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 26．____________ n.真诚；真挚；诚实
→ ____________ adj.真诚的；真挚的
→ ____________ adv.真诚地；真挚地
27．____________ n.勇气；勇敢的行为
→ ____________ adj.勇敢的
→ ____________ adv.勇敢地
28．____________ adj.各种各样的；形形色色的
→ ____________ vi.& vt.变化；改变；使多样化
sincerity
sincere
sincerely
bravery
brave
bravely
varied
vary
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 29．____________ adj.可怕的；恐怖的
→ ____________ vt.使害怕
→ ____________ adj.感到害怕的
30．____________ n.& vt. 伤害；损害
→ ____________ adj.无害的
→ ____________ adj.有害的
scary
scare
scared
harm
harmless
harmful
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 31．____________ n.独创性；创造力
→ ____________ n.根源；起源
→ ____________ adj.原来的；首创的，新颖的；创新的
→ ____________ adv.最初；起初；本来
32．____________ n.消亡；消失
→ ____________ vi.消失
originality
origin
original
originally
disappearance
disappear
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 1.turn one’s back (on sb./sth.)
____________________________
2.as a result ______________
3.be covered with _____________
4.in fact _____________
5.suffer from _____________
6.make use of _____________
7.on the edge of_____________________________
对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
结果
被……覆盖
实际上
忍受，遭遇
利用
在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 8.breathe in _____________
9.run out _____________
10.break down ______________
11.be made up of… ______________
12.be home to… __________________
13．be famous for… ______________
14.for instance __________________
吸气
用完，耗尽
停止运转，出故障
由……组成
是……的栖息地/发源地
因……出名
例如
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1._____ _______ less than a single day ___ ________ my hair from black to white.
不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
2._______ _________ I heard the word I became very frightened.
一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。
3.______ _________ the total darkness of the polar winter.
然后是极地冬季的完全黑暗。
It took
to change
The moment
Then came
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 4．Amundsen was _____ _____ ____ _______ on 8 September, 1911.
1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个离开。
5．Generally, ______ _______ ______ you go, ______ ________ it will be.
一般来说，你越往南走，就越冷。
the first to leave
the further south
the colder
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 定语从句(2)
1．Self－driving is an area ____________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家处在同一起跑线上的领域。
2．Can you tell me the time ____________ the film will start
请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗？
where
when
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 3．Do you know the reason ____________ he is not here now
你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？
4．I will never forget the days ____________ we shared all the roses and thorns.
我永远都不会忘记我们在一起同甘共苦的日子
why
when
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 5．This is the place ____________ he works.
这就是他工作的地方。
6．This is the reason ________ he went to Beijing.
这就是他去北京的原因。
where
why
