译林版（2020） 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Reading课件(共72张PPT)

(共72张PPT)
Unit 4
Scientists who changed the world
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Welcome to the unit & Reading (I)
Yuan Longping
● In 1953, he ___________ South-west Agricultural College.
● In the 1970s, he ______ ___ _ _ the first hybrid rice varieties.
Stephen Hawking
● He ________ __ _ the field of general relativity.
● In 1988, A Brief History of Time was published and stayed on a bestseller list for ___________.
Scientists who changed the world
graduated from
succeeded in
developing
made great contributions
to
237 weeks
What else do you know about Yuan Longping
Scientists who changed the world
Tu Youyou.
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize. Who is this winner
What do you know about Tu Youyou
Nobel Prize winner
Tu Youyou
Well-educated
Strong-minded
Willing to sacrifice
What do you know about the Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize is an international prize given annually for achievements in different fields such as physics, chemistry, medicine or literature. The prize is also awarded to those who contribute to creating peace. It was started by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer and inventor. He decided that after his death his money must be used to award actions that benefit mankind. I know there have been some Chinese winners of the Nobel Prize in the fields of science and literature.
What important scientific discoveries in history have you heard about
The discovery of gravity helped us learn about the laws of motion on the Earth and in space. It led to the development of transportation and our understanding of the universe.
X-rays allowed us to see the inside of the human body safely and led to the invention of more advanced body scanning systems. The discovery of DNA was significant to our understanding of living things.
Law of gravitation
X-rays
DNA
Heliocentric theory
Periodic law of elements
relativity
What can you get from the title
The passage is about a Chinese scientist who wins 2015 Nobel Prize
The passage is about Tu Youyou.
1971
1930
succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice
1951-1955
1969
1972
2015
born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province
studied medicine at university in Beijing
became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria
successfully discovered qinghaosu
won the Nobel Prize
Tu’s personal experiences
A1
Read the news report and complete the chart below with the main idea of each part.
Para. 1
Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinhaosu.
Para. 2
Para. 3–5
Para. 6
Tu Youyou acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
Tu Youyou and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu.
Tu Youyou and her team’s efforts finally paid off.
Read the news report and answer the questions.
1. What effort had Tu Youyou made to find a cure for malaria
before producing any promising results
She collected over 2000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.
2. Why did Tu and her team volunteer to test qinghao extract
on themselves first
Because they did not have sufficient safety data and they wanted to speed up the process and ensure its safety.
3. What contribution has qinghaosu made
As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu Youyou referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again, redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the qinghao herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
A2
Read the news report again carefully and fill in the table blow.
Problems Solutions
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghao extract because research resources were limited.
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Tu Youyou and her team managed to find solutions to the problem, e.g. using household water containers instead of research equipment.
Tu Youyou and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves.
Sort out the Chinese elements in the news report.
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, …
After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.
She referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine and got inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water and eventually succeeded in discovering qinghaosu. As a result, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which was considered as a victory for traditional Chinese medicine. Tu Youyou encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine. It is true that we still have a lot to learn from the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine.
Talk about what we can do to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
B1
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
The passage below is about traditional Chinese plete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.
In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou (1) __________ the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths.
referred to
Building your language
Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally (2) ________. A good example to illustrate this point is the discovery of qinghaosu in 1972, which was (3) ________ as an effective treatment for malaria. The Chinese herb qinghao, from which qinghaosu comes, has been used to cure diseases for almost 2,000 years.
pay off
intended
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded
in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed (4) ___________. By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only (5) ________ success. Since the discovery of qinghaosu, the survival rate of malaria patients has increased by around 30%.
limited
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
experiments
Without her (6) _______ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. It is important that scientists draw on the (7) ________ of both fields. With (8) _________ research, many more medical discoveries like qinghaosu are likely to be made.
broad sufficient intend pay off
limited experiment wisdom refer to
wisdom
sufficient
broad
Who
Who was the main character of news report
What
What honour did she receive
When
When did she get the award
Where
Where did she get inspired
Why
Why did she get the prize
How
How did she make the discovery
Read the news report again and complete the 5W1H questions table.
B2
The news report uses some abstract nouns. Note the following suffixes and think of more words formed with them. Then fill in the table below with as many words as you can.
Parts of speech Suffixes Words
Adjectives -dom wisdom
-ness effectiveness
Verbs -al survival
-ance appearance
-ure failure
Adjectives / Verbs / Nouns -age shortage
freedom
arrival, approval, proposal, refusal,
removal
pleasure, exposure, closure
acceptance, performance, assistance
marriage, passage, percentage
usefulness, kindness, loneliness,
happiness
B3
The news report explains “malaria” and “qinghaosu” using noun phrases. Find these explanations in the news report and explain the two medical terms below using noun phrases.
You can use a noun phrase to explain a term, thus making it easier to understand. A comma or a dash is often put before the explanation.
Learn this
Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu – the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
aspirin
The doctor asked me to have a good rest and take some aspirin,
ICU
After surgery, the man was sent to ICU,
a medicine often used to treat pain and fever.
a department in a hospital that provides specialized treatment or care.
What significant role has traditional Chinese medicine played in Tu Youyou’s success
Firstly, Tu Youyou’s educational background-a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine enabled her to find a cure for malaria from different perspectives.
Secondly, abundant traditional Chinese medical recipes gave her plenty of choices.
Thirdly, traditional Chinese medical classics inspired her. An over 1600-year-old text inspired Tu to extract qinghao at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
Drugs based on Tu Youyou’s research have led to the survival and improved health of millions of people across the world. Her success suggests that an old idea might lead to a new discovery. prepare for a short speech entitled “What I can learn from Tu Youyou”.
What I can learn from Tu Youyou
It is known to all that Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist to win a Nobel Prize. Drugs based on her research have led to the survival and improved health of millions of people across the world. There are many things I can learn from such a great scientist. However, what strikes me most is her attitude toward work and her devotion to the traditional Chinese medicine, which contributes to her discovery.
It has shown to us that an old idea might lead to a new discovery. It is true that we have a lot more to learn from historical methods and practices. The traditional Chinese medicine treasure house is really worth exploring.
Fill in the blanks with proper words. The first letter has been given.
1. －Has the meeting been cancelled
－No. It has been p________ until Monday.
2. －When will your new book come out
－I guess it will be p________ in May.
ostponed
ublished
3. －There isn't s________ time to look into the case.
－Don't worry. We can ask others for help.
4. －He is an experienced, helpful and wise man.
－So he is. I feel we have benefited a great deal from his experience and w________.
ufficient
isdom
Write a speech on “What I can learn from Tu Youyou” based on group work.
Language points
1. …malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
survival n. the state of continuing to live or exist 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
eg Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species.
非法狩猎正威胁到物种的生存。
【拓展】
survive v. 活下来，幸存
survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
【学法点拨】
survive—— survival 幸存
refuse—— refusal 拒绝
arrive—— arrival 到达
approve—— approval 赞成
v. + -al n.
2. …and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
intend vt. & vi. to have something in your mind as a plan or purpose 想要，计划；意指
eg She intends to do A levels and go to university.
她计划先参加高级考试，然后去读大学。
What did he intend by that remark
他说那话是什么意思
【拓展】
intention n. 意图, 目的; 打算
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事; 不打算做某事
【归纳】
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend to do / doing sth. 打算做某事
be intended for 打算供……之用
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) The university is known for its language and culture courses _________ (intend) for international students.
2) I have no __________ (intend) of retiring just yet.
3) I ______________________ as a volunteer in an environmental protection organization during the summer holidays
我打算暑假期间在一个环保组织做志愿者。
intended
intention
intend working / to work
3. Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
refer to:
①to look at a book, map, piece of paper etc for information查阅，参考
eg He gave the speech without referring to his notes.
他不看讲稿发表了演讲。
②to mention or speak about someone or something 提到，谈及
eg We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
我们同意永远不再提这件事。
③If writing or information refers to someone or something, it relates to that person or thing 涉及……；与……相关
eg The figures refer to our sales in Europe.
这些数字是我们在欧洲的销售额。
【拓展】
1) refer sth. to... 把……提交给……
refer to sb. 指的是某人
refer to ... as 把……称为
2) reference n. 提及；谈到；参考；查阅
in/with reference to... 关于……
【语境应用】翻译下面句子。
1) I don't want to refer to this matter any more.
2) Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.
3) I knew the teacher was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright boy in our class.
我再也不想提这件事了。
当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时，查阅一下词典。
当老师谈到我们班里的一个聪明的男孩时，我知道她指的是Bill。
根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
4) If you don’t know what this means, _____________________ (去查字典).
5) Marcia _______________________________.
(把Jerry称作好朋友)
语法填空
6) Please so not include covers. A list of __________(refer) must be included.
refer to the dictionary
referred to Jerry as a dear friend
references
4. …because research resources were limited.
limited adj. not very great in amount, number, ability etc 有限的
eg There are only a limited number of tickets available.
门票数量有限。
【拓展】
limit n. 界限；限度
v. 限制，限定
limitation n. 限制；控制
【拓展】
limit...to... 把……限制在……范围内
be limited to... 局限于……
a time/speed/age limit 时间/速度/年龄限制
within limits 在某种程度上; 有一定限制
set a limit on 对……加以限制
beyond the limit 超过限度
vt.
n.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) My wife and I __________ (定了一个限额) on how much we spend on clothes.
2) I ______________ two cups of coffee a day.
我一天只允许自己喝两杯咖啡。
3) They told us that we could do whatever we liked,
___________________ (在一定限度内).
set a limit
limit myself to
within (certain) limits
5. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
postpone vt. to delay an event and plan or decide that it should happen at a later date or time 延迟，延期
eg They decided to postpone their holiday until next year.
他们决定将假期延后到来年。
postpone, put off
相同点 不同点
postpone 在表示“推迟某事”时，可以互换。如： The flight was postponed / put off due to bad weather. 由于天气不好，航班被推迟了。 postpone动作主体是人，表示有意识地推迟，延迟的时间确定。如：
Because of heavy rain, we have decided to postpone our sports meeting until next Monday. 由于下大雨， 我们已经决定把运动会推迟到下周一。
put off put off强调“拖延时间”，指因客观原因造成的拖延或主观上有意的拖延。如：
You’re always putting off things. You should get rid of this bad habit. 你做事总是拖拉，你得克服这个坏习惯。
【语境应用】用postpone, put off的适当形式填空。
1) Our online meeting was ________________ for an hour by a power cut.
2) He _________________ going to Beijing for his holiday because an urgent thing had happened.
3) Don’t _________________ making the arrangements until the last minute.
postponed / put off
postponed
put off
6. To speed up the process and ensure its safety…
speed up: to move or happen faster, or to make something move or happen faster (使)加速
eg The truck speeded up going down the hill.
卡车在下山时加快了速度。
【反义短语】slow down 减速，慢下来
【拓展】
at a speed of 以……的速度
at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最快速
speed by (时间)很快地过去，飞逝
【语境应用】用speed相关短语的适当形式完成句子。
1) 显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快实现我们的目标。
Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to ________________________________.
2) 既然他以每小时60英里的速度开车，那么事故是怎样发生的呢？
How did the accident come about since he drove ______________________________
speed up to reach our destinations　
at a speed of sixty miles per hour
7. The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
pay off:
①if something you do pays off, it is successful or has a good result 成功，凑效，达到目的
eg All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam.
她的所有努力最终有了收获——她终于通过了考试。
②to give someone all the money you owe them 付清（还清）债务
eg I'll pay off all my debts first. 首先我要还清欠款。
③to pay someone their wages and tell them they no longer have a job 付清工资解雇某人
eg Two hundred workers have been paid off.
两百名工人拿到工资被解雇了。
注意：
pay off 意为“取得成功；奏效”时，物作主语；
意为“偿清，付清”时，人作主语
【拓展】pay短语
pay for sth. 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚; 花钱买某物
pay back 偿还; 报复
pay attention to 注意
pay a visit to 访问
pay down (分期或部分)支付；偿还
pay up 付清全部欠款
【语境应用】用pay的相关短语完成句子。
My hard work finally _________when they called me for an interview.
2) I will ___________ the book whatever the price.
3) How can I ________ you ________ for all your kindness
4) I ___________ Mr. and Mrs. Smith yesterday afternoon.
pay for
paid off
pay back
paid a visit to
8. …will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
beneficial adj. having a good effect 有益的，有用的
be beneficial to 对……有益
eg Cycling is highly beneficial to health and the environment.
骑自行车对于身体和环境大有裨益。
【拓展】
benefit v. 使受益；得益于 n. 益处，好处
be of benefit to 对……有好处
for sb.’s benefit 为了帮助某人
benefit from / by 受益于……, 从……中得到好处
【学法点拨】
be beneficial to = be of benefit = benefit 对……有益
【语境应用】一句多译
新鲜空气对我们的健康有益。
Fresh air is beneficial to our health.
Fresh air is of benefit to our health.
Fresh air benefits our health.
Our health benefits from fresh air.
1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
【分析】不定式短语to receive a Nobel Prize作scientist的后置定语。the first + n. + to do 第一个做……的……
当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语。被修饰词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
【点拨】
不定式作后置定语的其他情况：
被修饰词被形容词最高级或the only，the very，the right等修饰时；
表示将来的动作时，常用不定式作后置定语；
名词ability，chance，promise，opportunity，wish等常用不定式作后置定语。
【翻译】屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
【仿写】
珍·古道尔是第一位研究黑猩猩与人类之间联系的女性。
Jane Goodall was the first woman to study the connections between chimps and human beings.
2. However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.
It is + 被强调成分 + that ...
However, Tu didn't succeed in discovering qinghaosu, after many experiment until the 1970s.
强调句式
It is + not until ... + that ... 直到……才……
与not... until...结合
【分析】该句式是not…until …用于强调句中。
【仿写】
1) He didn't realize his mistake until his partner pointed it out.
It was not until his partner pointed it out that he realized his mistake.
2) We didn't come back home until we got the result.
It was not until we got the result that we came back home.
【翻译】然而，直到20世纪70年代，在多次的失败试验后，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。