Unit 3 单元基础知识汇总
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
surfing/'s f /n. 冲浪(运动)
represent/ repr 'zent/v. 代表，表示
goal/g l/n. 球门
basis/'be s s/n. 基础；根据
equipment/ 'kw pm nt/n. 装备，设备，用具
content/k n'tent/n. 满意，满足
to one's heart's content 尽情地，心满意足地
plastic/'pl st k/adj. 塑料制的
factor/'f kt /n. 因素，要素
defend/d 'fend/v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫
twist/tw st/n. (形势或事态的)意外转折
soldier/'s ld /n. 士兵，军人
conflict/'k nfl kt/n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争
death/deθ/n. 死，死亡
assure/ ' /v. 向……保证，使确信
助记
①派生 surf v．＋ ing→surfing n．冲浪（运动）
ing，名词后缀：行为、状态、情况
②拆分 re＋present→represent v．代表，表示
反复（re ）出席（present）就是代表（represent）
③对比 base n．—basis n．
基地（base）建设要有一定的根据（basis）
④派生 equip v．＋ ment→equipment n．装备，设备，用具
ment，名词后缀：行为、行为的过程或结果
⑤对比 die v．死去，死亡—dead adj.死的，去世的
—death n．死，死亡
chart/t ɑ t/v. 记录，跟踪(变化或进展)
ideal/ a 'd l/adj. 理想的，最好的
display/d 'sple /n. 显示器
monitor/'m n t /v. 监视，监测
setting/'set /n. (机器、仪器等调控装置的)设定位置，调节点
adjustable/ 'd st b( )l/adj.
可调整的，可调节的
available/ 've l b( )l/adj. 可用的，可获得的
skip/sk p/v. 跳绳
plank/pl k/n. 平板支撑
balance/'b l ns/n. 平衡
bar/bɑ /n. 横木
upper/' p /adj. (位置)较上的，较高的，上面的
bone/b n/n. 骨头，骨
involve/ n'v lv/v. 包含，需要
master/'mɑ st /n. 大师，能手
response/r 'sp ns/n. 回答，答复
助记
①对比 idea n．—ideal adj.
这个想法（idea）是很理想的（ideal）
②派生 adjust v．＋ able→adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
able，形容词后缀：可……的
③对比 mister n．—master n．
这位先生（mister）是真正的大师（master）
interpret/ n't pr t/v. 理解，了解，解释
data/'de t /n. 资料，数据
label/'le b( )l/n. 标签，标记
asthma/' sm /n. 哮喘(病)
lung/l /n. 肺
power/'pa /n. 力量
network/'netw k/n. 人际关系网，联络网
tension/'ten ( )n/n. 紧张，焦虑
disappear/ d s 'p /v. 消失，不见
gorilla/ɡ 'r l /n. 大猩猩
die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝
sweaty/'sweti/adj. 满是汗的，被汗水湿透的
ache/e k/v. (持续而隐隐地)作痛
inspire/ n'spa /v. 鼓舞，激励
am/ e 'em/ 午前，上午
persuade/p 'swe d/v. 说服，劝服
champion/'t mpi n/n. (尤指体育比赛中的)冠军，第一名
ultimate/' lt m t/adj. (目标等)最终的
助记
①合成 net＋work→network n．人际关系网，联络网
②派生 tense adj.＋ ion→tension n．紧张，焦虑
ion，名词后缀：行为、状态、情况
③派生 dis ＋appear v．出现→disappear v．消失，不见
dis ，否定前缀：表示相反或否定
④派生 sweat n．汗＋ y→sweaty adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的
y，形容词后缀：充满……的；被……覆盖的
⑤对比 climate n．—ultimate adj.
体验各地气候（climate）是我们的最终（ultimate）目标
本单元短语
1．go back to 追溯到
2．break down 清除；损坏
3．break out 爆发
4．be equipped with... 装备有……
5．whether...or... 无论……还是……
6．keep track of... 跟上……的进展，了解……的动态，掌握……的最新消息
7．work out 制订出，计算出
8．due to 因为，由于
9．make up for 弥补
10．take exercise 锻炼
11．around the corner 即将发生
12．in turn 相应地，依次地，轮流地
13．save...from... 使……免遭……
14．die out 消失，绝迹
15．persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ n. 球门
2．________ n. 满意，满足
adj. 满足的，满意的
vt. 使满足，使满意
3．________ adj. 塑料制的
n. 塑料
4．________ n. 因素，要素
5．________ n. 士兵，军人
6．________ v. 记录，跟踪(变化或进展)
n. 图表
7．________ adj. 理想的，最好的
8．________ n. 显示器
v. 陈列；展出；展示
9．________ v. 监视，监测
n. 监控；监听
10．________ n. (机器、仪器等调控装置的)设定位置，调节点
11．________ adj. 可用的，可获得的
12．________ adj. (位置)较上的，较高的，上面的
13．________ n. 大师，能手
v. 精通，掌握
14．________ n. 人际关系网，联络网
15．________ n. 紧张，焦虑
16．________ v. (持续而隐隐地)作痛
17．________ v. 说服，劝服
18．________ n. (尤指体育比赛中的)冠
军，第一名
19．________ n．冲浪(运动)→________ v．进行冲浪运动；冲浪
20．________ v．代表，表示→________ n．代表；表现；陈述→________ n．代表；典型；众议员 adj.典型的，有代表性的
21．________ n．武装冲突，战斗，战争 vi.冲突，抵触→________ adj.冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的
22．________ v．向……保证，使确信→________ adj.确定的；自信的→________ adv.确实地→________ n．保证；保险；确信，断言
23．________ v．包含，需要→________ adj.参与的；涉及的；专心于……的
24．________ v．理解，了解，解释→________ n．解释；翻译→________ n．解释者；口译者
25．________ v．消失，不见→________ n．消失→________ v．出现
26．________ adj.(目标等)最终的→________ adv.最后；根本；基本上
27．________ n．基础；根据→________ adj.基本的；基础的→________ adv.大体上，基本上；从根本上说
28．________ n．装备，设备，用具→________ vt.装备；配备
29．________ v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫→________ n．保护；防卫→________ n．防守队员；捍卫者
30．________ n．死，死亡→________ v．死亡→________ adj.死的
31．________ adj.可调整的；可调节的→________ v．调整；调节→________ n．调整；调节
32．________ n．平衡→________ adj.保持(或显示)平衡的；均衡的
33．________ n．回答，答复→________ vi.回答；响应；作出反应→________ adj.响应的；应答的；回答的
34．________ n．力量→________ adj.有力的；(药等)有功效的→________ adj.无影响力的，无权的；无能为力
35．________ adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的→________ n．汗水
36．________ v．鼓舞，激励→________ adj.令人鼓舞的→________ adj.有灵感的；受鼓舞的→________ n．灵感；鼓舞
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 尽情地，心满意足地
2．________________ 追溯到；回溯到
3．________________ 拆除；出故障；(身体)垮掉
4．________________ (战争、战斗或疾病)爆发
5．________________ 以……为例
6．________________ 放下；写下；镇压
7．________________ 形状像……
8．________________ 不仅仅
9．________________ 被称为；作为……而著名
10．________________ 考虑，思考
11．________________ 记录……；与……保持联系
12．________________ (与……)取得联系
13．________________ 参加
14．________________ 即将发生
15．________________ 反过来；依次；轮流地
16．________________ 筹钱
17．________________ 消失，绝迹，灭绝
18．________________ 和；不但……而且……
19．________________ 偶然发现；偶然遇见
20．________________ 处理；应付
21．________________ 爱上
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．given that句型
鉴于尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想把足球带到月球上，我们甚至可以说它也是这个世界以外最受欢迎的运动！
____________________________________， we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world!
2．that引导主语从句
足球是一项如此简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。
________________________________ is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
3．to do不定式作后置定语
这个全球网站是跑步者分享他们的有关跑步的故事的地方。
This global site is a place for runners __________________________________．
4．whether...or...引导让步状语从句
无论我是在健身房还是在路上，跑完一英里的时候我还能感受到神经的紧张。
__________________________， my nervous energy pushes me through mile one.
Unit 3 单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．goal 2.content 3.plastic 4.factor 5.soldier 6.chart 7.ideal 8.display 9.monitor 10.setting 11.available 12.upper 13.master work 15.tension 16.ache 17.persuade 18.champion 19.surfing; surf 20.represent; representation; representative 21.conflict; conflicting
22．assure; assured; assuredly; assurance 23.involve; involved 24.interpret; interpretation; interpreter 25.disappear; disappearance; appear 26.ultimate; ultimately 27.basis; basic; basically 28.equipment; equip 29.defend; defence; defender 30.death; die; dead 31.adjustable; adjust; adjustment 32.balance; balanced 33.response; respond; responsive 34.power; powerful; powerless 35.sweaty; sweat 36.inspire; inspiring; inspired; inspiration
Ⅱ.短语
1．to one's heart's content 2.go back 3.break down
4．break out 5.take...for example 6.put down 7.be shaped like 8.more than 9.be known as 10.think about 11.keep track of 12.get in touch (with) 13.take part in 14.around the corner 15.in turn 16.raise money 17.die out 18.as well as e across 20.deal with 21.fall in love with
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the moon
2．That football is such a simple game to play
3．to share their stories about running
4．Whether I'm at the gym or on the roadSection Ⅳ Writing——叙写关于体育运动的故事
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．Look through Nick's story and you'll find that it is a ________________ to share your story.
2．The passage is about the author's ________________________．
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
A sports story
Start(开端) Three years ago.
Feeling(感触) I loved it and I 1.________ when my team won the ice hockey competition, which made me feel like 2.________________．
Improvement(改进) I decided to join a skating club. I 3.________________ my local team almost every evening.
Goal(目标) My ultimate goal is to 4.________________ and 5.________________________．
Step Ⅱ 知识点
1．persuade v．说服，劝服
He persuaded me not to go to the party.
他说服我不去派对。
It will be difficult to persuade them that there is no other choice.
使他们相信没有别的选择将会是件困难的事情。
[归纳探究]
persuade sb. to do sth.＝persuade sb. into doing sth.
说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth.＝persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. that... 使某人相信……
[学法点拨] 说服某人其他表达方式：
argue sb. into doing sth.
convince sb. to do sth.
talk sb. into doing sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①An advertisement uses words and pictures to persuade people ________ (buy) a product or service, or to believe in an idea.
②While shopping, people sometimes can't help ________ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
③The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ________ (persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.
④The director ____________ (试图说服) her to play a part in his new film, but she rejected.2.be terrified of doing不敢做某事
3．my ultimate goal我的最终目标
Step Ⅲ Writing a sports story
[文体介绍]
叙述关于运动的故事需主要叙述人物的经历或事件的发展变化过程，主要内容包含所发生事件的时间、地点、人物、事情起因、事情发生的过程和结果。写作时首先交代事件发生的背景，然后具体描述事件的经过，最后谈谈自己的感受或得到的启示。此类文章多用一般过去时。
[篇章结构]
第一部分：提出主题(交代开始何种运动)
第二部分：具体描述(开展此项运动的原因、经过和结果)
第三部分：对此项运动的感受
[常用表达]
(1)开展此项运动的原因
①When I watched...playing...at the Olympic Games, I was deeply impressed by his/her excellent skills and I decided to be just like him/her.当我看到……在奥运会上……，我对他/她出色的技术印象深刻，并决定像他/她一样。
②I fell in love with... as soon as I started playing it and formed the habit of playing it with my friends at weekends.我一开始……就爱上了这项运动，并养成了周末和朋友一起做这项运动的习惯。
③As we all know, a person who keeps on taking exercise regularly will keep fit and live a happy life.众所周知，一个坚持经常锻炼的人会保持健康，生活愉快。
④There is no doubt that doing more exercise is helpful to us.毫无疑问，多做运动对我们有益。
(2)开展此项运动的经过
①After school I usually spend half an hour on it, which not only builds up my body but also makes me refreshed.放学后，我通常会花半个小时在这项运动上面，这不仅能锻炼我的身体，还能让我恢复精神。
②Each time I finish it, I will feel it excellent to strengthen my body.每次做完这项运动，我都会为增强了我的体魄而感觉很棒。
(3)对此项运动的感受
①...both contributes to a powerful lung and reduces the risk of heart attacks.……既助于提升肺部功能，又能降低心脏病发作的风险。
②...helps me relax after a period of exhausting study and improves my study efficiency.……有助于我在一段时间的疲劳学习后放松，提高我的学习效率。
③I consider it a good way to relax myself.我认为这是放松自己的好方法。
④My participation in sports tells me that sports can make us healthy both physically and psychologically.参加体育运动让我知道体育运动能使我们身心健康。
[实践应用]
英语课上，老师让学生讲述自己具体做某项运动的经历。要点如下：
1．你与你所讲述运动的渊源；
2．做运动的经历或过程；
3．运动给你带来了什么。
第一步 布局谋篇
第二步 遣词造句
完成句子
1．有句谚语这样说：“没人会在意健康的价值，直到失去了它”。
As the proverb goes, “____________________．”
2．我非常理解。
I understand it ____________________．
3．我小时候身体不健康。
____________________ when I was young.
4．我打乒乓球之后，身体变好了。
________________ after I played ping pong.
5．我太累了，不想继续(练)下去。
I was ________________________．
6．父母劝说我不要放弃。
__________________ give up by my parents.
句式升级
7．用because合并2、3句，3、4句之间加however连接。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．用but合并5、6句。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第三步 完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅳ Writing——叙写关于体育运动的故事
写作精析·技能提升
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．narrative 2.sports story
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
1．was proud
2．I could achieve anything
3．practised with
4．be an ice hockey teacher
5．help people learn to play this game
Step Ⅱ 知识点
1．①to buy ②being persuaded ③are persuaded ④tried to persuade
Step Ⅲ Writing a sports story
第二步
1．No one cares the value of health until he loses it
2．exactly 3.I wasn't healthy 4.My health improved
5．too tired to continue 6.I was persuaded not to
7．I understand it exactly because I wasn't healthy when I was young. However that improved after I played ping pong.
8．I was too tired to continue, but I was persuaded not to give up by my parents.
第三步
As the proverb goes, “No one cares the value of health until he loses it.” I understand it exactly because I wasn't healthy when I was young. However that improved after I played ping pong.
At the start, I was too tired to continue, but I was persuaded not to give up by my parents. Gradually, it was more and more important to me.
By playing ping pong every day I can keep my mind so alert that I can finish my tasks in time. Without it, I will feel tired and my body becomes quite sluggish; during the night, I may find it becomes harder to fall asleep. It has become part of my life.Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．interpret v. ____________
2．data n. ____________
3．label n. ____________
4．lung n. ____________
5．network n. ____________
6．gorilla n. ____________
7．sweaty adj. ____________
8．ultimate adj. ____________
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ v．理解，了解，解释；口译→interpretation n．理解，解释；演绎→interpretative adj.理解的，解释的→interpreter n．口译者
2．________ n．力量；权力；能力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的
3．________ v．消失，不见→disappearance n．消失→appear v．出现→appearance n．外观；外貌；出现
4．________ adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的→sweat n．汗，汗水 v．出汗，流汗
5．________ v．鼓舞，激励；启示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的→inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．____________ 消失；绝迹；灭绝
2．in turn ____________
3．do exercise ____________
4．at first ____________
5．____________ 偶然遇见
6．____________ 即将发生
7．deal with ____________
8．raise money ____________
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I don't really enjoy the party, but it's a good opportunity to build up a social n________．
2．I became a magician by accident. When I was nine years old, I learned how to make a coin d________.
3．My back really a________ after moving those heavy boxes around all day.
4．Experts say that 20 minutes of ________ (力量) walking daily can make you feel less anxious and sleep well.
5．The music also expressed the increasing ________ (紧张) in the movie as the characters were preparing for battles.
6．Many organizations try to ________ (鼓励) people to do kind acts, wherever and whenever they can.
Ⅱ.选词填空
get in touch, die out, around the corner, come across, no longer, in turn, deal with, run into
1．With many months of hard training, we are getting more confident in writing a composition, and ________________ consider it hard work.
2．Is this your necklace, Mary I ________________ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
3．It is quite worrying that the wild koalas are in danger of ________________．
4．If you want to ________________ with us, you can send e mails to us.
5．Our mother's birthday is ________________. What kind of surprise will you prepare for her
6．All of us may have different lifestyles, but laziness can be spread if not ________________ immediately.
7．We ________________ issues within the first few months of the project, so we asked the board for help.
8．We should spare more time to take exercise. If so, we can have a healthy body, which ________________ contributes to our studies.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．随着毕业时间的临近，我们忙于复习功课。
________________________， we are busy going over our lessons.
2．墓碑上长满了青苔，因此看不清上面的人名。
The gravestones were covered with moss, __________ it was impossible to read the names on them.
3．把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们将会使学生感到迷惑。
________________ or we will confuse the students.
4．在我们开始讨论别的事情之前，我有个问题要请教你。
________________， I've a question to ask you.
5．不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。
__________ it is speaking __________ writing, quality input ensures quality output.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Running into a Better Life
Name Reasons for starting running Benefits gained from running
Li Yue 1.________________ and help him treat his asthma. His fitness and running improved and 2.________ in a competition.
Sarah She wanted to see her name 3.____________． She 4.________________．
David To help deal with his stress. After running, 5.________________ and he is ready to face the next day at work.
Grace 6.________________． She had a great day out in London, as well as helping to save gorillas.
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．The four share the similarity because ________．
A．they all loved running at first
B．they ran in national competitions
C．they all benefited from running
D．they ran to escape from work
2．Why did Li Yue start running
A．He thought he would be a runner.
B．Running can make him healthy.
C．He wanted to lose weight.
D．He knew he would win silver.
3．What motivates Sarah to keep running at first
A．The hope to come across other runners.
B．The hope to keep fit.
C．The desire to lose weight.
D．Seeing her name in the top five.
4．What kind of life did David lead before running
A．He was under great pressure and anxious feeling.
B.He felt easy dealing with his work.
C．There were few challenges in his life.
D．He was busy dealing with the relationship with his colleagues.
5．How did Grace feel by helping to save gorillas
A．Stressful but delighted.
B．Tired but happy.
C．Tired but ambitious.
D．Ambitious but happy.
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．before引导时间状语从句
But ______________________， I was taking part in local races.
但不知不觉地，我就参加了当地的一些赛跑。
2．不定式短语作目的状语
______________________， I go running as often as I possibly can.
为了帮助解决这个问题，我尽可能多地去跑步。
3．过去分词作后置定语
This is a programme ________ by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world's last remaining gorillas from dying out.
这是大猩猩慈善协会发起的一个项目，旨在筹集资金拯救世界上仅存的大猩猩免于灭绝。
4．when引导表语从句
____________________________ someone watching the race offered me a banana — a real treat for a running gorilla!
最有趣的时刻是有人在看比赛时给了我一个香蕉——对一只奔跑的大猩猩来说，这真是一种款待。
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①site n．网站；场所，地点
②get in touch取得联系
③hear from收到来信
④be born with与生俱来的
⑤asthma/' sm /n.哮喘(病)
⑥local adj.当地的，本地的 n．本地人，当地居民
⑦athletic adj.运动的；擅长运动的
athlete n．运动员；田径运动员；擅长运动的人
⑧particular adj.特定的；特殊的，特别的；不寻常的；讲究的，挑剔的
be particular about
对……挑剔
⑨case n．盒；箱；情况；案件
⑩lung/l /n.肺
take part in参加；参与
competition n．比赛，竞赛，竞争
jog v. & n．慢跑
power/'pa /n.力量
performance n．表演，演出；表现；履行，执行
social adj.社会的，有关社会的；社交的，交际的
network/'netw k/n.人际关系网，联络网
come across(偶然)遇见；发现
purpose n．目的，意图
no longer不再
[21]fall in love with相爱；爱上
[22]challenge n．挑战，具有挑战性的事物
v．向……挑战；质疑，对……表示怀疑
[23]around the corner就在附近；即将发生
[24]stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的
[25]at times有时
[26]in turn依次；轮流；反过来
[27]anxious adj.紧张的，焦虑的，不安的；渴望的，急切的
[28]deal with处理；对付；论及；相处；与……打交道
[29]energy n．能量；能源；力量
[30]tension/'ten ( )n/n.紧张，焦虑
[31]by the end of到……末为止
[32]disappear/ d s 'p /
v．消失，不见
[33]gorilla/ɡ 'r l /n.大猩猩
[34]die out消失，绝迹，灭绝
[35]sweaty/'sweti/adj.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的
[36]ache/e k/v.(持续而隐隐地)作痛
[教材原文]
Running into a Better Life
This global site① is a place for runners to share their stories about running. So, if you are a runner with a story to tell, get in touch②— we'd love to hear from③ you 【1】！
【1】if引导条件状语从句，主句是祈使句。
Li Yue, 16, Beijing
I was born with④ asthma⑤ and I never thought I'd be a runner! I only joined my local⑥ athletics⑦ club because my doctor told me that in my particular⑧ case⑨ exercise could improve how my lungs⑩ work 【2】. But before I knew it, I was taking part in local races. As my fitness and my running improved, I started running in national competitions . This year I won silver in the under 18's 10，000 metres! And who knows, next year I could win gold!
【2】本句含有三个从句，分别是because引导的原因状语从句，that和how引导的宾语从句。
Sarah, 36, Montreal
Not so long ago, I didn't do any exercise — not even any jogging ！ Then I discovered an app called Running Power 【3】. It lists your performance against other runners in your social network . At first, I kept running just to see my name in the top five. Soon, I found that I was not alone — I came across other runners in the same area running for the same purpose ! Now I no longer use the app, but I've fallen in love with21 running, and still do it with my running friends.
【3】过去分词短语called Running Power作后置定语，修饰app。
David, 52, New York
As a computer engineer, there's always a new challenge22 just around the corner23! It can be quite stressful24 at times25, though, which in turn26 makes me feel anxious27 【4】. To help deal with28 this, I go running as often as I possibly can. Whether I'm at the gym or on the road, my nervous energy29 pushes me through mile one. By mile two, the tension30 has moved from my mind to my legs. By the end of31 the run, all my stress has disappeared32 and I'm ready to face the next day at work!
【4】句中though为副词，意为“不过，然而”，which引导的是非限制性定语从句。
Grace, 25, Manchester
This year I entered the Great Gorilla Run in London. This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world's last remaining gorillas33 from dying out34. Each runner receives a gorilla suit and off they go! It's a bit hot and sweaty35 inside the suit, and my legs acheB36, but it's a lot of fun. The funniest moment was when someone watching the race offered me a banana — a real treat for a running gorilla 【5】！ I had a great day out in London, as well as helping to save gorillas!
【5】句中when引导的是表语从句，从句中的现在分词短语watching the race作后置定语，修饰someone。
[课文译文]
跑向更好的生活
这个全球网站是一个让跑步者分享他们跑步故事的地方。所以，如果你是一个有故事要讲的跑步者，请联系我们——我们很乐意收到你的来信！
李跃，16岁，北京
我天生患有哮喘，我从来没有想过会成为一名跑步者！医生说对于我这种特殊情况，运动可以改善我的肺功能，所以我才加入了当地的运动俱乐部，但是没过多久，我就开始参加本地的比赛了。随着身体状况和跑步水平的提高，我开始参加全国性的比赛。今年我获得了18岁以下10 000米长跑的银牌！说不准，明年我或许能赢得金牌！
莎拉，36岁，蒙特利尔
不久前，我没有做任何运动——甚至没有慢跑！然后我发现了一个名为“跑步能量”的应用程序。它会按照跑步的表现把你和你社交网络上的其他跑步者进行排名。起初，我一直在跑步，只是为了看到我的名字在前五名。很快，我发现我并不孤单——我遇到了同一地区的其他跑步者，他们也都是为了同样的目的在跑步！现在我不再使用这个应用程序了，但我已经爱上了跑步，而且仍然和我的“跑友”们一起跑步。
戴维，52岁，纽约
作为一名计算机工程师，我总是面临随时到来的挑战！然而，有时压力很大，这相应地又让我感到焦虑。为了解决这个问题，我尽可能多地去跑步。无论我是在健身房还是在路上，跑完一英里的时候我还能感受到神经的紧张。到了第二英里时，紧张感从我的大脑转移到了双腿。跑步结束时，所有的压力都消失了，而且我准备好了迎接第二天的工作！
格雷丝，25岁，曼彻斯特
今年我参加了伦敦大猩猩跑。这是大猩猩组织发起的一个活动，旨在筹集资金拯救世界上仅存的濒临灭绝的大猩猩。每个跑步者都会收到一套大猩猩服装，然后他们就出发了！衣服里面有点热，被汗水湿透了，而且我的腿也很痛，但是很有趣。最有趣的时刻是，有人在看比赛时给了我一根香蕉——这对一只奔跑的大猩猩来说真是一顿美餐！我在伦敦度过了美好的一天，同时也帮助拯救了大猩猩！
1.power n．权力，力量，势力，动力，影响力
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
She is said to have the power of foreseeing the future.
据说她有预测未来的能力。
I regret to tell you that your problems are beyond my power.
我很抱歉地告诉你，你的问题超出了我的能力范围。
We'll do everything in our power to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
[归纳探究]
(1)(be) in power 当权，掌权(强调状态)
come to/into power 上台，执政，当权(强调动作)
(2)in one's power 在某人的控制下
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力的；某人力所不能及的
do all/everything in one's power to do sth.
尽其所能做某事；竭尽全力做某事
(3)have the power to do sth./of doing sth.
具有做某事的能力
(4)soft power 软实力
nuclear/wind/solar power 核能/风能/太阳能
power failure/cut 停电
[熟词生义] power vt.给……提供动力
power the aircraft给飞机提供动力
[误区警示] come to/into power为非延续性动词短语，不可与时间段连用；而be in power则可以与时间段连用。
[易错辨析] power, force, energy与strength
power权力；能力；动力 force武力，暴力
energy精力，活力；能量 strength力量，力气，体力
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Body language is one of the most ________ (power) means of communication.
②I wish it were within my power ________ (change) the decision.
③The political party ____________________ (上台执政) at the last election.
④The party has been ____________________ (执政) for eight years.
选词填空 (power/force/strength/energy)
⑤The soldiers took the prisoners away by ________．
⑥It may take a few weeks for you to build up your ________ again.
⑦In one story, lanterns were lit to celebrate the ________ of light over darkness.
⑧You should spend your time and ________ on something more useful.
2.disappear v. 消失，不见
Their misunderstanding disappeared after a long talk.
经过促膝长谈，他们的误解消失了。
[归纳探究]
disappear from view/sight 从视线中消失
disappear behind/into 消失在……后/中
[联想拓展]
disappear v．→disappearance n．消失
appear v．出现→appearance n．出现；外表
[易错辨析]
disappear是非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用，也没有被动语态。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The train disappeared ________ view and I knew my best friend would never come back.
②This book gives a detailed description about the ________ (disappear) of this species.
③She was amazed that the creature suddenly ____________________ (从视线中消失了).
④Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage seized the girl and took her away, ________________ (消失在黑暗中).
3.ache n．(身体某部位的)疼痛 v．(持续而隐隐地)作痛；渴望
Apart from the usual aches and pains, she felt all right.
除了几处经常性的疼痛以外，她感到身体尚可。
His feet were aching from standing so long.
他站了那么久，双脚隐隐作痛。
I'm aching for sleep.我很想睡觉。
He ached to reach out and hold her close.
他很想伸出双手紧紧抱住她。
[归纳探究]
a stomachache 胃痛
the ache of one's loneliness 某人的孤寂之苦
ache for 渴望
ache to do sth. 渴望做某事
[一言助记]
Though having aches and pains all over, he was aching for home.
尽管全身疼痛，他仍渴望回家。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I was aching __________ home.
②He ached __________ (see) her.
③Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs.
4.inspire v. 鼓舞，激励
His speech inspired us to work harder than ever before.
他的演讲鼓励我们比以往更加努力地学习。
The teacher's talk inspired self confidence and hope in him.
＝The teacher's talk inspired him with self confidence and hope.
老师的谈话激起了他的自信和希望。
[归纳探究]
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth.＝inspire sth. in sb.
激起某人的某种情感
[联想拓展] inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的(多修饰物)
inspired adj.受到鼓舞的(多修饰人)
inspiration n．灵感
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (inspire)by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.
②The captain's heroic effort inspired them ________ determination.
＝The captain's heroic effort inspired determination ________ them.
③His speech was ________ (inspire)and touched my heart.
5.die out 消失，绝迹，灭绝
The wild population of koalas is in danger of dying out.
野生的考拉面临濒临灭绝的危险。
The fire died down, so we put more coal on it.
火势减弱了，于是我们加了些炭进去。
The children are dying for a chance to go to the recreation center.
孩子们正渴望着有机会去娱乐中心。
[归纳探究]
in danger of dying out 处于濒临灭绝的危险中
die away (声音、风或光)慢慢变弱，渐渐消失
die down 减弱，平息
die off 相继死去，先后死去(直至死光)
die from/of 因……而死
be dying for/to do sth. 极想要某物/渴望做某事
[联想拓展] 表示“渴望……”的词组还有：
long for/long to do
be eager for/to do
be anxious for/to do
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This species has nearly died ________ because its habitat is being destroyed.
②Her voice died ________ as she saw the look on David's face.
③After the excitement of the audience died ________， the speaker started his speech.
④She was dying ________ (ask) where he'd got it.
6.deal with解决；处理；涉及；探讨；对付，应对；对待；与……做生意
Deal with a man as he deals with you.
(谚)以其人之道，还治其人之身。
I think he's just going to deal with this problem another day.
我想他改天会处理这个问题的。
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.必须教育学龄儿童如何应对危险的情况。
[一言助记]
This book deals with how to deal with business and how to deal with some businessmen．
这本书讲的是怎样做生意以及怎样同一些商人做生意。
[一句多译]
事实上，我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。
As a matter of fact, I don't know how they will deal with the problem.
＝In fact, I'm at a loss what they will do with the problem.
[词语辨析] deal with与do with
(1)涉及“如何处理”的表达时，deal with与how连用；
(2)do with与what连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A man should learn suitable ways ________ (deal) with life.
②________ should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email
③With so many things ________ (deal) with, I can't go on holiday.
7．in turn依次，轮流；相应地，转而
Each of us in turn described how the pollution had been caused.
我们每个人都依次描述了污染是如何产生的。
All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.
所有理论都来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。
[拓展延伸]
(1)in return作为回报
in return for作为对……的回报/回应
(2)by turns轮流地，交替地
take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
take turns (in) doing sth.轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The change of the climate also makes the earth warmer. ______________________________ (相应地)，the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.
②Can I buy you lunch ______________________________ (作为对……的回报)your help？
8.(教材P42)But before I knew it, I was taking part in local races.
但不知不觉地，我就参加了当地的一些赛跑。
[句式解构] before I knew it是before引导的时间状语从句，字面意思是“在我知道某事发生之前”，可引申为“在我不知不觉中”。
The couple who returned my wallet left before I could ask their names.
那对归还钱包给我的夫妻，在我还没来得及问他们名字时就离开了。
It was four days before they found the village.
过了四天之后，他们才找到那个村庄。
[归纳探究]
It will be＋时间段＋before... 在……之后才……
It may be＋时间段＋before 也许要过多久才……
It won't be long before... 不久就……
It was＋时间段＋before... 过了(多长时间)才……
[联想拓展] before sb. can do sth.“某人还没来得及做某事”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ I knew it, the water was rushing and took my car with it.
②We need to get to the root of the problem ________ we can solve it.
③________________ (过不了多久) we know the result of the experiment.
④Scientists say ________________________ (也许要过五六年) it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The poet was asked to ________ (诠释) the poem by the audience.
2．It is beyond my ________ (能力) to collect all the data about gorillas.
3．When I started singing, the ________ (紧张) in my heart disappeared.
4．The retired old man watched his son until he ________ (消失) from sight.
5．On this embarrassing occasion, I felt hot and ________ (满是汗的).
6．His left foot ________ (疼痛) because the bone was hit.
7．We are trying to ________ (激励) him to interact with his classmates.
8．It's a waste of time ________ (劝服) such a person to involve in the activity.
Ⅱ.短语填空
die out, come across, persuade...of, deal with, around the corner, as well as, raise money, list...against, save...from, in turn
1．The app can ________ your performance of jogging ________ the other competitors in your social network.
2．While exploring the forest, I ________________ a gorilla.
3．The Spring Festival is ________________. People are busy decorating the streets.
4．Literature comes from life and ________________ serves life.
5．We must find a way to ________________ the snow on the roof at once.
6．We are going to ________________ to help the primary school buy new equipment.
7．The firemen ________ the famous construction ________ being destroyed.
8．Some old customs are slowly ________________ in China.
9．An adult ________________ three children is wandering the streets.
10．The butcher tried to ________ me ________ the quality of the meat.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．His ________ (interpret) of the foreign novel is easy to understand.
2．In the global competition, the company is becoming more and more ________ (power).
3．The host tried to ease the ________ (tense) in the room.
4．Police are investigating the ________ (disappear) of the computer data.
5．With a dollar in his ________ (sweat) hand, the boy is going to buy some envelopes in the shop.
6．My legs began ________ (ache) when I was skipping on the playground.
7．I was ________ (inspire) while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．理解，了解，解释 2.资料，数据 3.标签，标记 4.肺 5.人际关系网，联络网 6.大猩猩 7.满是汗的，被汗水湿透的 8.(目标等)最终的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．interpret 2.power 3.disappear 4.sweaty 5.inspire
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．die out 2.相应地；依次地 3.锻炼 4.起初 5.come across 6.(just) around the corner 7.对付；应付；处理 8.筹集资金
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．network 2.disappear 3.aches 4.power 5.tension 6.inspire
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．no longer 2.came across 3.dying out 4.get in touch 5.around the corner 6.dealt with 7.ran into 8.in turn
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．As the time for graduation is around the corner
2．so
3．It is important to explain this again
4．Before we begin to discuss other things
5．Whether; or
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．To improve how his lungs work 2.won silver 3.in the top five 4.fell in love with running 5.all his stress has disappeared 6.To help save gorillas
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．before I knew it
2．To help deal with this
3．run
4．The funniest moment was when
要点精研·探究学习
1．①powerful ②to change ③came to power ④in power ⑤force ⑥strength ⑦power ⑧energy
2．①from ②disappearance ③disappeared from view/sight ④disappearing into darkness
3．①for ②to see ③aching
4．①Inspired ②with; in ③inspiring
5．①out ②away ③down ④to ask
6．①to deal ②How ③to deal
7．①In turn ②in return for
8．①Before ②before ③It won't be long before ④it may be five or six years before
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．interpret 2.power 3.tension 4.disappeared 5.sweaty
6．ached 7.inspire 8.persuading
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．list; against 2.came across 3.around the corner 4.in turn 5.deal with 6.raise money 7.saved; from 8.dying out 9.as well as 10.persuade; of
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．interpretation 2.powerful 3.tension 4.disappearance 5.sweaty 6.to ache 7.inspiredSection Ⅱ Using language
1.adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable.
这辆自行车车座的高度可以调节。
It took several seconds for his eyes to adjust to the dark.
几秒钟后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living on his own.当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独自生活。
They have decided to make a few adjustments to their travelling plan.他们已经决定对他们的旅行计划做出一些调整。
[归纳探究]
(1)adjustable seat belts 可调节的安全带
(2)adjust to doing sth. 习惯做某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应
adjust one's seat 调整某人的座位
(3)make adjustments/an adjustment 作出调整
[单词积累]
adjust v．调整；调节，适应
adjustment n．调整，调节
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①These sofas are well suited for apartment living because they're ________ (adjust) and can be taken apart when we move.
②Some schools will have to make ________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
2.available adj.可用的，可获得的，有空的
Tickets are available free of charge from the school.学校有免费票。
Further information is available on request.详情备索。
This is the only room available.这是唯一可用的房间。
Will she be available this afternoon？今天下午她有空吗？
[归纳探究]
available resources/facilities 可利用的资源/设备
be available to sb. 对某人来说是可使用的/可获得的
be available to do sth. 可供使用做某事
be available for... 可用于……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Convenient transportation is available ________ people from nearly every district.
②Are you available ________ (talk) with me this afternoon
3．balance n．平衡，均匀 vt.使平衡
Keeping the balance between humans and animals is of much importance to everyone.保持人和动物之间的平衡对每个人都很重要。
Riding a bike helps develop a child's sense of balance.
骑自行车有助于培养孩子的平衡感。
Only in this way can we balance study against pleasure.
只有用这种方式我们才能劳逸结合。
They can balance work and study and plan their time properly.
他们能够平衡工作和学习，并且合理安排自己的时间。
A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.
均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。
[归纳探究]
(1)keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡
keep (one's) balance 保持平衡
lose (one's) balance 失去平衡
keep a/the balance between A and B
保持A和B之间的平衡
(2)balance A with/and B 同等重视A和B
balance A against B 权衡A和B
(3)keep/eat a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's very important to keep a balance ________ making and spending money.
②You'd better keep a ________ (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.
③Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages.
4．involve v．包含，需要；牵涉；(使)参加
Painting the room involved moving out the piano.
粉刷房间需要把钢琴搬出去。
I seem to have involved myself in something I don't understand.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。
Involving themselves in the community services, students can gain experience for growth.参与社区服务，学生可以获得成长的经验。
[归纳探究]
involve doing sth. 包含做某事
involve sb./one's doing sth. 需要某人做某事
involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事
be involved with 与……关系密切/专心于
be/become/get involved in 参与
[熟词生义]
The job involves me travelling all over the country.
这份工作需要我在全国各地跑。(vt.需要)
[名师指津] involved的位置决定意思
involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”，作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。
His new story has the involved plot.(前置定语)
他新写的这本小说有复杂的情节。
We'll make our decision and contact the people involved．(后置定语)
我们将做出决定，然后与有关人员联系。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The test will involve ________ (answer) questions about history.
②The job involves my ________ (travel) all over the country．
③Parents should involve themselves ________ their children's education.
5.response n．回答，答复 vt. & vi.回答
This novel about city life has received a positive response from readers.这部关于城市生活的小说得到了读者的好评。
Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
由于影响很小，这可能表明，我们的创造性思维在完全安静和85分贝的背景噪音下的反应没有太大区别。
They still haven't responded to my letter.他们还没有给我回信。
He responded that he wouldn't agree.他回答说他不会同意。
[归纳探究]
(1)in response to... 对……做出反应
make a response to... 对……做出回答/回应
make no response 未做回应
make a positive response to... 对……积极回应
receive an encouraging response from...
从……得到令人鼓舞的回应
(2)respond to 答复……；对……做出反应
[单词积累]
respond vi.做出反应，回应 vt. & vi.回答
[误区警示] 表示“对……回应”，无论用动词respond还是用名词response，均搭配介词to。
后加介词to的名词有：
the reply to 对……的回复
the key to ……的钥匙/答案
the answer to ……的答案
the entrance to ……的入口
the approach to ……的方法
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The product was developed in response ________ customer demand.
②We've had a very positive ________ (respond) to the idea.
③I knocked on the door but there was no ________ (respond).
6．keep track of记录，跟踪；了解，与……保持联系(→track n．足迹，踪迹；小路；轨道 v．跟踪；追踪)
I use a small notebook to keep track of all the new sentences I learn.我用一个小笔记本记录我所学到的所有新句子。
I quickly lost her track in the crowd.
我很快就在人群中与她失去了联系。
A track runs across the field to his house.
一条小路穿过田野通到他的家。
The tram is being switched on to another track.
有轨电车正被移至另外一条轨道上。
It's difficult to track an animal right after rain.
刚下完雨后要追踪动物是困难的。
[归纳探究]
(1)keep track of your fitness 记录你的健康状况
be on the right/wrong track 思路正确/错误
on the track of 跟踪，追赶，尾随
lose track of 不了解……的动态，与……失去联系
follow his tracks 循着他的足迹
(2)track down 搜寻到；跟踪找到；追查到
[单词积累]
track n．足迹，踪迹；小路；轨道 v．跟踪；追踪
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track ________ your efforts and write down how you feel.
②I'm ________ the track of a valuable painting.
③Don't lost track ________ your goals.
④The thief was closely ________ (track) by the policemen.
熟记下列重要单词及短语
①enter the competition 参加比赛
②whether... or... 无论……还是……
③enable sb. to do sth. 使某人有能力做某事
④place an order 订购
⑤due to 由于，因为
⑥be fond of 喜欢
⑦make up for 弥补
⑧deal with pressure 应对压力
⑨give up 放弃
⑩work out 制订出，计算出
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
一、语法现象感知
①It is fun enough to attract millions of people.
②This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realise that our planet is shaped like a football.
③That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
④You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players...
⑤What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, but everyone understands it.
⑥I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
⑦He would be the last to agree to the plan.
⑧The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
⑨I need a pen to write with.
⑩Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
二、语法规则理解
1．句①、②中的不定式短语作________状语。
2．句③、④、⑤中的不定式短语作________。
3．由句⑥⑦可以看出，当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the next, the only, the last等修饰时，常用________。
4．由句⑧可以看出，动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是________，常见的有：ability, chance, time, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
5．由句⑨可以看出，不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的________和被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省略。
6．由句⑩可以看出，不定式作结果状语常常表示________。
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
一、理解概念
不定式的形式及意义
形式 主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing — 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生
完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
Thousands of young people are learning to ski.成千上万的年轻人在学习滑雪。
He asked me to help him with the task.
他让我帮他做这个任务。
He is said to be writing a preface to the book.
据说他正在为这本书写前言。
The girl was reported to have been lost for a month.据报道那个女孩已经失踪一个月了。
微点拨
一般而言，不定式的逻辑主语是构成不定式的动词所表示动作的执行者时不定式用主动形式，不定式的逻辑主语是构成不定式的动词所表示动作的承受者时不定式用被动形式。
The doctor recommended him to air the room.
医生建议他让房间透透气。
The doctor recommended the room to be aired.
医生建议让房间透透气。
二、语法规则
1．动词不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.他没有钢笔写字。
(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
His wish to buy a car came true.
他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
2．动词不定式作结果状语
(1)不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的或不好的结果，表示的动作发生在谓语动作之后时通常用一般式。
A few days later he came back to find that the troops had left.
几天之后他回来了，却发现部队已经离开了。
(2)不定式前常有only或just，而且不定式前可加上其自身的逻辑主语(for...)。
He tried his best to prepare for the contest, only to be told it was cancelled.他全力以赴地为这次竞赛做准备，结果却被告知竞赛取消了。
He earned a lot of money only for his son to squander it.他赚了很多钱，却被儿子挥霍一空。
(3)不定式作结果状语，常用在．..enough to do, too... to do, so... as to do, such... as to do结构中。
微点拨
现在分词和不定式作结果状语的区别,现在分词作结果状语表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句；而不定式作结果状语通常表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
His mother was too anxious to fall asleep.
他妈妈太焦虑而睡不着觉。
He dropped the glass， breaking it into pieces.
他把杯子掉在地上，结果摔成了碎片。
I hurried to his house， only to find him out.
我匆忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。
[即时检测1] 单句语法填空
①The experiment process is ________ (adjust) according to different factors.
②The news that the COVID 19 vaccine (新冠肺炎疫苗) is freely available ________ the public is satisfying.
③His ________ (involve) in the family conflict made his wife upset.
④We must make ________ (respond) to the request of the audience.
⑤The local government made it possible for its citizens ________ (monitor) the use of financial funds.
⑥The retired worker eats a ________ (balance) diet to keep fit.
⑦In my opinion, it isn't wise ________ (skip) breakfast.
⑧I am fortunate enough ________ (have) the opportunity to experience the different custom.
[即时检测2] 语法专练(用单词的适当形式填空)
①I'd like to have the chance ________ (attend) his wedding.
②His failure ________ (defend) quickly enough led to losing the match.
③Tom is the first student ________ (meet) the famous poet.
④—The last one ________ (arrive) pays for the steak.
—Agreed!
⑤Tom rushed to the kitchen, only ________ (find) that the sausage was burnt.
⑥The soldier returned after the war, only ________ (tell) that his wife had left him.
⑦The audience were glad enough ________ (interact) with that famous actor.
⑧We hurried to the house, only ________ (find) the host was not in.
[即时检测3] 单句写作
①一听到这个消息，我激动得说不出话来。(too...to...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②没有什么事值得担心。(nothing to do)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③那个房间足够大能容得下我们所有的人坐下吗？(enough to do)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The Spring Festival is an ________ (理想的) occasion to express love to family members.
2．Before the formal performance, the program list is ________ (可调整的).
3．There are plenty of jobs ________ (可获得的) in the field of software.
4．The girls who are ________ (跳绳) in the playground have good manners.
5．When he was exercising, he lost his ________(平衡) and broke his bone.
6．I can't reach the ________ (上面的) handle. Can you help me
7．Achieving success usually ________ (需要) considering various factors.
8．He made no ________ (回答) to my question, and went on with his novel.
9．In order to take a twist, we decided to ________ (监听) their talking.
10．In fact, his father is one of the famous ________ (大师) in literature.
Ⅱ.短语填空
keep... straight, due to, keep track of, make no response to, lose one's balance
1．I find it difficult for the company to ______________ the global development now.
2．To keep the balance, you should ________ your back ________．
3．________________ the application of this medical technology, his injured bone soon recovered.
4．She ________________ on the bar and fell off.
5．He ________________ my warning and suffered a lot.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．If you hand in your homework late, attach a note ________ (explain) the reason for the delay.
2．He hurried to the train station, only ________ (find) the train had left.
3．________ (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.
4．When he left, he said to me, “I'm sorry ________ (trouble) you so much.”
5．The airport ________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
6．He is wealthy enough ________ (afford) such a big house.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我匆忙赶到邮局，结果却发现邮局关门了。
I hurried to the post office, ________________．
2．他已经结婚并且定居澳大利亚，留下他的家人在香港。
He has got married and settled in Australia, ______________________ in Hong Kong.
3．她是第一位在奥林匹克运动会上获得金牌的妇女。
She was the first woman ____________________ in the Olympic Games.
4．请给我拿把坐的椅子好吗？
Will you please bring me a chair __________________________？
Section Ⅱ Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1．①adjustable ②adjustments
2．①to ②to talk
3．①between ②balanced ③against
4．①answering ②travelling ③in
5．①to ②response ③response
6．①of ②on ③of ④tracked
语法新知·对接课堂
二、
1．结果 2.定语 3.不定式作后置定语 4.抽象名词 5.介词 6.令人意外的结果
语法探究·核心突破
即时检测1 ①adjustable ②to ③involvement ④response ⑤to monitor ⑥balanced ⑦to skip ⑧to have
即时检测2 ①to attend ②to defend ③to meet ④to arrive ⑤to find ⑥to be told ⑦to interact ⑧to find
即时检测3 ①At the news, I was too excited to say anything.
②There is nothing to be worried about.
③Is that room big enough to seat all of us
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．ideal 2.adjustable 3.available 4.skipping 5.balance 6.upper 7.involves 8.response 9.monitor 10.masters
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．keep track of 2.keep; straight 3.Due to 4.lost her balance 5.made no response to
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．explaining 2.to find 3.To save 4.to have troubled
5．to be completed 6.to afford
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．only to find it closed 2.leaving his family 3.to win the gold medal 4.to sit onSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
( )1.represent A．n.满意，满足
( )2.death B．n.因素，要素
( )3.content C．n.武装冲突，战斗，战争
( )4.plastic D．v.代表，表示
( )5.factor E．n.士兵，军人
( )6.soldier F．adj.塑料制的
( )7.conflict G．n.死，死亡
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ n. 冲浪(运动)→surf v. 冲浪；网上冲浪，浏览因特网→surfer n．冲浪者；网上冲浪者
2．________ n. 基础；根据→basic adj.基础的；基本的
3．________ n. 装备，设备，用具→equip v．装备；配备
4．________ v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫→defence n．防御；保卫
5．________ v. 向……保证，使确信→assurance n.担保，保证；自信，镇定→assured adj.自信的；肯定的；确定的
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．go ________ 追溯到；回去，返回
2．be known ________．.. 作为……而著名
3．________ one's heart's content
尽情地，心满意足地
4．end ________．.. 以……结束
5．break ________ (机器)出故障；撞倒，打破；破坏
6．break ________ 爆发；发生
7．put ________ 放下；写下
8．more ________ 多于；不仅仅；非常
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ n. 球门
2．________ n. 基础；根据
3．________ n. 装备，设备，用具
4．________ n. 满意，满足
5．________ adj. 塑料制的
6．________ n. 因素，要素
7．________ v. (在比赛中)防守，防卫
8．________ n. 士兵，军人
9．________ n. 武装冲突，战斗，战争
10．________ v. 向……保证，使确信
Ⅱ.短语填空
go back， end with， break down， put down
1．If you carry on working like that, you'll ________ sooner or later.
(挑战创新题)将上句改为简单句
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．It's a tradition that ________ at least 100 years.
3．You may ________ those heavy bags for a minute.
4．The festival will ________ a spectacular laser show (激光表演).
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．假设尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带到月球上，我们甚至可以说足球也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
________________________ that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world!
2．它当时被称为蹴鞠(意为“以脚踢球”)，是一种用兽皮做成的球，球里面填充有毛发。
It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game
________________________________________________________________________.
3．我们今天所知道的足球运动起源于英国，在那里比赛被赋予了新的规则。
Football ________________________ started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
4．在世界各地，你都可以看到孩子们尽情地玩着一个由塑料袋做成的球；就像贝利小时候那样。
All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts' content ____________________； just like Pelé did when he was a boy.
5．这听起来可能有点儿夸张，但只要想想地球，你就会意识到我们的星球形状就像一个足球。
This might sound funny, ____________________ one only has to think about the Earth to realise that our planet is shaped like a football.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world!
[句式分析]句中Given that...相当于If引导的条件状语从句，意为“假设”。that it is also the most popular sport out of this world为宾语从句。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
[句式分析]本句包含两个从句，一个是方式状语从句as we know it today，另一个是非限制性定语从句where the game was given new rules。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.
[句式分析]该句中两个破折号中间的how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see解释说明上文，to recognise the skill of professional players和to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist并列作后置定语。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.表格填空(框架建构：整体理解)
A Game 1.________ the World
Introduction 2.________ 3.________/Conclusion
·Football enjoys 4.________ all over the world.·Its history goes 5.________ over two thousand years to Ancient China. ·It is a simple and 6.________ game.·It is a game with the 7.________ and excitement.·It is one of the best 8.________ for people to 9.________. ·Football is much more than just a 10.________．
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Which of the following options is NOT the reason for the popularity of football
A．Creativity. B．Simple.
C．Professional. D．Passion.
2．Soldiers from which two countries played football together on Christmas Day 1914
A．Britain and Germany.
B．Britain and France.
C．Germany and France.
D．Germany and Russia.
3．What can you learn from the passage
A．Football is a game that requires a lot of money to play well.
B．Football originated in Ancient China more than two thousand years ago.
C．Football can stop wars between two countries and bring peace.
D．Football is important but less than life and death.
Ⅴ.根据方框内提供的信息补全所给句子(其中有一项是多余的)
A．to recognise the skill of professional players
B．to communicate
C．to play
D．to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist
E．in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules
F．to realise that our planet is shaped like a football
1．Football as we know it today started ________．
2．Football is a game that is very cheap ________．
3．You do not have to be a fan ________．
4．Football has become one of the best ways for people ________．
5．This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth ________．
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①go back追溯到，回去，返回
②ancient adj.古老的；古代的
③be known as...
作为……而著名
④goal/g l/n.球门
⑤hang v．悬挂，垂下
⑥basis/'be s s/n.基础；根据
⑦popularity n．流行，普及，受欢迎；声望
gain/grow/increase in popularity
开始流行
⑧equipment/ 'kw pm nt/n.
装备，设备，用具
⑨content/k n'tent/n.满意，满足
to one's heart's content尽情地，心满意足地
⑩plastic/'pl st k/adj.塑料制的
factor/'f kt /n.因素，要素
global adj.全球的，全世界的
creativity n．创造，创造力，创造性，独创性
recognise v．认出，辨认出；承认；公认
professional adj.专业的，内行的
n．专业人士，专家；内行；职业选手
score v．得分；给……打分/评分
n．得分；分数
defend/d 'fend/v.(在比赛中)防守，防卫
amazing adj.令人惊诧的，让人难以相信的；惊人的
end with... 以……结束
surprising adj.令人惊奇的，使人吃惊的，出人意料的
[21]twist/tw st/n.(形势或事态的)意外转折
[22]require v．要求，需要
[23]break down(机器)出故障；撞倒，打破；破坏
[24]take... for example以……为例
[25]break out爆发，发生
[26]soldier/'s ld /n.士兵，军人
[27]put down放下；写下
[28]conflict/'k nfl kt/n.武装冲突，战斗，战争
[29]death/deθ/n.死，死亡
[30]assure/ ' /v.向……保证，使确信
[31]funny adj.使人发笑的，滑稽的；古怪的
[32]shape v．形成；使成为某种形状，使形成
n．形状，外形；形式；情况
[教材原文]
A Game for the World
These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world 【1】！ The history of the game goes back① over two thousand years to Ancient② China. It was then known as③ cuju kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside 【2】．Goals④ were hung⑤ in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules 【3】．
【1】Given that...相当于If引导的条件状语从句。
【2】现在分词短语using a ball of animal skins with hair inside作后置定语，修饰a game。
【3】句中as引导方式状语从句，where引导非限制性定语从句。
That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis⑥ of its popularity⑦ 【4】. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don't need expensive equipment⑧； even the ball doesn't have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts' content⑨ with a ball made of plastic⑩ bags; just like Pelé did when he was a boy 【5】．
【4】That football is such a simple game to play为主语从句。
【5】现在分词短语playing to their hearts' content作宾语补足语；过去分词短语made of plastic bags作定语，修饰a ball。
Another factor behind football's global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to__recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising __twist21 【6】．
【6】how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend为主语从句。
What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require22 words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down23 walls and brings people together on and off the field. Take, for example24, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War Ⅰ had broken out25 months before, but British and German soldiers26 put down27 their guns and played football together—one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict28.
“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death29，...” said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager 【7】. “I can assure30 you it is much, much more important than that.” This might sound funny31, but one only has to think about the Earth to realize that our planet is shaped32 like__a__football 【8】．
【7】football is a matter of life and death是省略that的宾语从句，the famous footballer and manager作Bill Shankly的同位语。
【8】该句是由but连接的并列句，that our planet is shaped like a football为that引导的宾语从句。
[课文译文]
全世界都热爱的运动
如今，足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。假设尼尔·阿姆斯特朗普想把足球带到月球上，我们甚至可以说足球也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！这项运动的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。它当时被称为蹴鞠(意为“以脚踢球”)，是一种用兽皮做成的球，球里面填充有毛发。球门悬在空中。我们今天所知道的足球运动起源于英国，在那里比赛被赋予了新的规则。
足球是一项如此简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。同时也是一项花费很少的运动。你不需要昂贵的装备，即使是球也不需要花很多钱。在世界各地，你都可以看到孩子们尽情地玩着一个由塑料袋做成的球；就像贝利小时候那样。
足球风靡全球的另一个因素是球场上的创造力和激情。其精彩程度足以吸引数以百万计的人。你不需要成为一个球迷就会明白职业球员的技术——他们如何利用自己的身体来传球、进球和防守，这些足以令你惊叹——或是感受到比赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。
更重要的是，足球已经成为人们交流的最好方式之一：它不需要言语，但每个人都能理解。它能打破藩篱，让场上场下的人们走到一起。以1914年圣诞节那场著名的足球比赛为例。在那之前的几个月第一次世界大战就爆发了，但是英国和德国的士兵放下武器，一起踢足球——这是多年冲突中值得纪念的和平时刻。
“有些人认为足球是一个事关生死的问题，……”著名足球运动员和教练比尔·香克利说，“我可以向你保证，足球比生死要重要得多。”这听起来可能有点儿夸张，但只要想想地球，你就会意识到我们的星球形状就像一个足球。
1.represent v．代表，表示；表现；描绘；正式提出(意见、抗议等)，象征
You might represent each letter with a number, for example.
例如，你可以使用数字来代表每个字母。
The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries.比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名运动员。
She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.
她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。
He represented himself to be a friend of my father's, but now we know the truth.他自称是我父亲的朋友，但现在我们知道真相了。
You should represent your complaints to the management.
你们应向管理层说明你们的不满。
The painting is not representative of his work of the period.
这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。
[归纳探究]
(1)represent... as... 把……描绘成……
represent sb. as/to be... 宣称某人为……
represent oneself as/to be... 自称是……/声称是……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事
represent... with... 用……代表……
choose/elect sb. to represent... 选择/选举某人代表……
(2)be representative of... 代表……的
[单词积累]
representative adj.典型的，有代表性的
n．代表，代理人
[误区警示] 向某人传达某事
represent sth. to sb.
＝represent to sb. sth.(√)
represent sb. sth.(×)
不能直接跟“人”作宾语的动词还有explain, suggest, announce等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (represent) our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
②I represented ________ him that it would be dangerous to do what he suggested.
③As a ________ (represent) of resettled people, I support the construction of the project.
2．basis n．(pl. bases)基础；根据
As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the basis of making friends.在我看来，共同的爱好是交朋友的基础。
You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
你应该以审慎的研究为基础来下结论。
Just as the saying goes, “One tree doesn't make a forest.” Our success is based on/upon cooperating with others.
常言道，“独木不成林。”我们的成功建立在与他人合作的基础上。
This course is based on a project, one of whose aims is to improve the students' comprehensive ability in English.
本课程基于一个项目，它的目标之一是提高学生们的英语综合能力。
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain a good knowledge of basic word formation.
理解数千个新单词的一个方法就是充分掌握基本构词法。
The two approaches are basically very similar.
这两种方法其实差不多。
[归纳探究]
(1)on the basis of... 以……为基础；根据……
on a routine basis 按照常规
on a regular/daily/weekly basis 定期/每天/每周
(2)base...on/upon... 把……置于……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础
[单词积累] base vt.以……为据点，以……为基础 n．基地，基础
basic adj.根本的，基础的 basically adv.大体上，基本上
[一句多译] 我更喜欢读莫言写的书，而不是看根据他的小说改编的电视剧。
I prefer to read books written by Mo Yan rather than watch TV series which are based on his novels.
＝I prefer to read books written by Mo Yan rather than watch TV series based on his novels.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Some videos have been banned on the ________ (base) that they are too violent.
②We provide 2 person tents and ________ (base) cooking and camping equipment.
③He ________ (base) his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners．
3．equipment n．装备，设备，用具
My mother bought a piece of useful equipment for the kitchen yesterday.昨天，我妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。
Television is more than an electronic equipment; it has become a powerful tool for communication.
电视不仅仅是一种电子设备，它已成为强大的交流工具。
As students, we should equip ourselves with knowledge.
作为学生，我们应该用知识来武装自己。
Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请为考试配备一支锋利的铅笔和一块橡皮。
Our school is equipped with advanced teaching equipment.
我们学校配备着先进的教学设备。
Equipped with much experience in teaching, Mr Wang is the most popular maths teacher I have ever met.
王老师具有丰富的教学经验，他是我遇到的最受欢迎的数学老师。
[归纳探究]
a piece of equipment 一件设备
be equipped with... 装备着……
equip... with... 用……装备……
equip sb. for/to do sth. 使某人为(做)某事做好准备
be well/poorly equipped 装备精良/较差
[一句多译] 他有丰富的教学经验，所以受到他所有学生的尊敬。
He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
＝Equipped with much experience in teaching, he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词短语作状语)
＝Equipping himself with much experience in teaching, he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词短语作状语)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The hospital has brought in a set of new ________ (equip) to better serve the patients.
②A new school building with each room equipped ________ computers is under construction in the university.
③We want our son to receive good education that will equip him ________ future life.
④________ (equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
4.content n．满意，满足；内容；含量；目录 vt.使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的
At the party, all the guests can sing and dance to their hearts' content.在宴会上，所有的客人都可以尽情歌舞。
Mother smiled over the contents of the letter.在看信的内容时母亲笑了。
Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup.
马丁娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。
Tom with his family is content with the result of the exam.
汤姆和他的家人对考试的成绩满意。
Mother reminds me I'm not supposed to be content to remain where I am now.母亲提醒我，我不应该满足于维持现状。
[归纳探究]
(1)to one's heart's content 尽情地，心满意足地
do sth. to one's heart's content 心满意足地做某事，尽情地做某事
(2)content oneself with... 满足于……；使(某人)自己对……感到满足
(3)be/feel content with sth. 对某事感到满意/满足
be content to do sth. 满足于做某事；乐意做某事
[一句多译] 我们不应该使自己满足于从课本上学到的知识。
We shouldn't be content with the knowledge learned from the books.
＝We should never content ourselves with the knowledge learned from the books.
[学法点拨]
“对……满意”的常用短语小结：
be content with; be pleased with; be satisfied with; be happy with
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content ________ (live) in the country.
②To be honest, I'm very content ________ my life at present.
③As there is no butter, we have to content ________ (we) with dry bread.
④She dropped her purse and the ________ (content) fell out on the floor.
5.defend v．(在比赛中)防守，防卫，防御，保卫
It is the nature of parents to do all they can to defend their child from harm and danger.父母会竭尽全力保护孩子免受伤害和危险是天性。
Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves against some attacks.
有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。
The defence of the country is everyone's affair.
保卫祖国，人人有责。
All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes.
所有的人，无论男女老少，都在与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。
[归纳探究]
(1)defend... from/against... 保护……免遭……；抵御……
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
(2)in defence of... 为了保卫……
in one's defence 为某人/某物辩护；在某人/某物的保护下
[单词积累]
defence 防御，保卫
defender n．防御者
defensive adj.防御性的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The monument is in memory of the soldiers who lost their lives in ________ (defend) of their country.
②The frightened mother held out her umbrella to defend her son and herself ________ the fierce dog.
③When the door was opened suddenly, the boy covered his head with his hands as if ________ defence.
6．conflict n．武装冲突，战斗，战争
The two companies often come into conflict with each other as a result of competition.由于竞争，这两家公司经常发生冲突。
Employees are already in conflict with management over job cuts.
雇员已经就裁员一事与管理层发生了争执。
[归纳探究]
come into conflict with... 和……冲突(动作)
in conflict with... 和……冲突(状态)
the conflict between... and... ……与……之间的冲突
[词义拓展] conflict v．冲突，抵触
He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with my own.
他所持的观点通常与我的相左，而且很难改变。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She found herself in conflict ________ her parents over her future career.
②There is a conflict ________ what they are doing and what you want.
③John often comes ________ conflict with his boss for some reason.
④It's reported that these results conflict ________ their earlier findings.
7.assure v．向……保证，使确信；弄清，查明(→assurance n．保证；担保)
He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.
他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。
I can assure you that our after sales service won't be a problem.
我敢向您保证，我们的售后服务绝对没问题。
I must assure myself of the real situation.我必须查明真实情况。
[归纳探究]
assure sb. of sth. 向某人保证某事
assure sb.that... 向某人保证……
assure oneself of/that... 弄清……；查明……；使自己对……确信不疑
assure one's success 保证某人的成功
I can assure you... 我可以向你保证……
[单词积累]
assure→assurance n．保证，担保
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I can assure you ________ the quality of my goods.
②He gave us the ________ (assure) that he would offer us more support.
8．break out突然发生；爆发
When the war broke out, he decided to defend his country.
战争爆发后，他决定去保卫国家。
Civil war could come if the country breaks up.
如果国家分裂就会爆发内战。
It's my job to help you break through.
我的工作就是帮助你突破。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.附近没有人可能看见他试图闯入房子里。
[归纳探究]
break away (from) 脱离；逃脱
break down 出故障；垮掉；消除；分解
break in 破门而入；打断谈话(不及物)
break into 破门而入，强行闯入；突然……起来(及物)
break off 折断；断开；中断
break through 冲破，突破
break up 破碎；解散；(学校)放假
[要点必记] break out是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。表示“发生”的动词(词组)还有happen，occur，take place等，它们都不能用于被动语态。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Thieves broke ________ my house when I was out.
②Thieves broke ________ and stole ￡10，000 worth of computer equipment.
③They broke away ________ the national union and set up their own local organization.
④______________ (火灾爆发) during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured.
⑤Don't ________________ (打断) while the professor is giving a lecture.
9.(教材P34)Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! 考虑到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗想把足球带到月球上，我们甚至可以说它也是这个世界外最受欢迎的运动！
[句式解构] given that表示一个真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气。given that意为“考虑到……；鉴于……”。
[辨析比较] given that/providing that
given that是用来标记已知事实，表示 “鉴于、考虑到”；providing或providing that则用来标记未知的条件或假设，意思是“如果；只是”。
Given that he had more time, he did a wonderful job.
→For the fact that he had more time, he did better.
考虑到他有更多的时间，他的工作做得很好。
Providing that he has more time, he will do a better job.
→On the condition that he has more time, he will do better.
如果他有更多的时间，他会把工作做得更好。
[词义拓展] given prep. 考虑到
given sth. 考虑到某事，鉴于某事
given that＋句子 考虑到……，鉴于……
[联想拓展] 引导条件状语从句的常用词还有if，unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that, supposing (that), suppose (that), providing (that), provided (that)等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①________ (give) that he's had six months to do this, he hasn't made much progress.
②Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support.
③You can borrow the car, ________ (provide) I can have it back by six o'clock.
④I can tell you the truth ________________ (条件是) you promise to keep it a secret.
⑤You won't find paper cutting difficult ________________ (只要) you keep practicing it.
10.(教材P35)That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。
[句式解构] that在句中不作成分。当主语从句位于句首时，that不能省略。
·当谓语是appear, be a pity, be a wonder, be likely等时，使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语放在后面，这时从属连词that可省略。
如：It appeared to scientists on earth (that) the stars had moved.
在地球上的科学家看来，恒星似乎移动了。
·绝大部分主语从句都借助形式主语it，而把从句放到句子后面。
①It＋be＋形容词＋that从句
It is natural that they should have different views.
很自然他们应有不同的观点。
It was quite obvious that she didn't want to come.很明显，她不想来。
②It＋be＋名词＋that从句
It's a shame that you're sick.你病了，真遗憾。
It's a pity that he can't swim.真遗憾他不会游泳。
③It＋动词(＋宾语或状语)＋that从句。
It happened that she wasn't in that day.那天碰巧她不在。
④It＋动词的被动语态＋that从句
It's said that there has been an earthquake in India.据说印度发生了地震。
It's reported that the enemy troops have crossed the border.
据报道，敌军越过了边境。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ the chief editor will come to our branch tomorrow surprises us all.
②It turned out __________ his brother died of a heart attack.
③________ is not surprising that the team climbed the main peak because of their advanced equipment.
④________ is recognized that the government should play an important part in wildlife protection.
⑤It is my belief ________ we can rely on ourselves to solve the problem.
⑥It is a pity ________ you have missed the wonderful literature report.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．During the Spring Festival, a fish is prepared to r________ the desire to always have something left over for the coming year.
2．Black kicked the ball into the g________．
3．There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular b________．
4．The c________ between the two countries finally caused a war.
5．There is very little room in the lab because it has far too much ________ (设备).
6．It's a natural park where children can run around to their heart's ________ (满足).
7．Exercise is also an important ________ (因素) in the health of your spine.
8．________ (塑料制的) bottles can be recycled but they need cleaning completely.
9．According to the recent survey, cancer is the leading cause of ________ (死亡) among young adults in this area, especially women.
10．I can ________ (向……保证) you (that) we are doing our best to make your wait as comfortable and brief as possible.
Ⅱ.短语填空
end with, go/date back to, take... for example, on the basis of, what's more, break down, defend... from/against, to one's heart's content, in conflict with, a matter of life and death
1．My family has a china bowl, which is said to ________________ the Ming Dynasty.
2．There are all sorts of snacks at the party, which I can eat ________________．
3．His wedding started with a song and ________________ a dance.
4．You should understand the idea, and ________________， you should embrace it.
5．The newly bought equipment has ______________ and we have to get it repaired.
6．________ the novel ________， it has used at least three descriptive techniques.
7．Success in the football is usually built ________________ defending closely.
8．A family must ________ its home ________ attack.
9．It's a small thing to lose the competition, and it's not ________________．
10．I'm ________________ Tom on the cause of this phenomenon.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．All the ________ (represent) of the company gathered together to vote on the issue.
2．In this conflict, both countries used advanced military ________ (equip).
3．We need to improve the treatment of soldiers and strengthen our national ________ (defend).
4．For ________ (die), different regions have different customs.
5．The history of setting off fireworks can go back ________ Song Dynasty.
6．My uncle's request is that computer software ________ (add) to high school education.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．D 2.G 3.A 4.F 5.B 6.E 7.C
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．surfing 2.basis 3.equipment 4.defend 5.assure
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．back 2.as 3.to 4.with 5.down 6.out 7.down 8.than
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．goal 2.basis 3.equipment 4.content 5.plastic
6．factor 7.defend 8.soldier 9.conflict 10.assure
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．break down; (挑战创新题) Carrying on working like that, you'll break down sooner or later. 2.goes back 3.put down
4．end with
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Given 2.using a ball of animal skins with hair inside 3.as we know it today 4.with a ball made of plastic bags 5.but
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
1．popular 2.simple 3.excitement 4.communicate 5.important
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．假设尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带到月球上，我们甚至可以说足球也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
2．我们今天所知道的足球运动起源于英国，在那里比赛被赋予了新的规则。
3．你不需要成为一个球迷就会明白职业球员的技术——他们如何利用自己的身体来传球、进球和防守，这些足以令你惊叹——或是感受到比赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。
Ⅲ.表格填空(框架建构：整体理解)
1．for 2.Reasons 3.Summary 4.popularity 5.back
6．cheap 7.creativity 8.ways 9.communicate 10.sport
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．C 2.A 3.B
Ⅴ.根据方框内提供的信息补全所给句子(其中有一项是多余的)
1．E 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.F
要点精研·探究学习
1．①Representing ②to ③representative
2．①basis ②basic ③based
3．①equipment ②with ③for ④Equipped
4．①to live ②with ③ourselves ④contents
5．①defence ②against/from ③in
6．①with ②between ③into ④with
7．①of ②assurance
8．①into ②in ③from ④The fire broke out ⑤break in
9．①Given ②unless ③providing/provided ④on condition that ⑤as/so long as
10．①That ②that ③It ④It ⑤that ⑥that
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．represent 2.goal 3.basis 4.conflict 5.equipment
6．content 7.factor 8.Plastic 9.death 10.assure
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．go/date back to 2.to my heart's content 3.ended with 4.what's more 5.broken down 6.Take; for example 7.on the basis of 8.defend; from/against 9.a matter of life and death 10.in conflict with
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．representatives 2.equipment 3.defence 4.death 5.to
6．be added
